The impact of cow dung augmentation on soil restoration and bio-accumulation of metals (Lead and Cadmium) in Pheretima posthuma (Annelida: Clitellata)

Abstract To investigate the role of cow dung in soil reclamation and bio assimilation along with bio accumulation of heavy metals in earthworm (P. posthuma) (N=900) earthworms were used and treatment groups of CD-soil mixture of different proportion of cow dung were designed. Nonlethal doses of lead acetate and cadmium chloride were added in treatment groups. Mature P. posthuma were released in each experimental pot maintaining the favorable conditions. The pH, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, exchangeable cations, and heavy metal level of each mixture was evaluated. The results indicated that bio-assimilation of Pb and Cd by P. posthuma were significantly (P 0.01) higher in different soil-CD treatments compared to control. Highest bio-assimilation of both metals was observed in T1 of both groups (Pb = 563.8 mg/kg and Cd = 42.95 mg/kg). The contents of both metals were significantly (P 0.05) lowered in casting. The nutrient concentration in the final castings of all soil-CD treatments were also equally transformed from less or insoluble to more soluble and available for plants, except for carbon level which increased with CD proportion. It is concluded that cow dung as organic matter has a positive effect on soil reclamation and bio-assimilation of metals by P. posthuma.

RESUMO Para investigar o papel do esterco de vaca na recuperação do solo e bioassimilação, juntamente com a bioacumulação de metais pesados em minhocas (P. posthuma) (N = 900), minhocas foram usadas e grupos de tratamento de mistura CD-solo de diferentes proporções de esterco de vaca foram projetados. Doses não letais de acetato de chumbo e cloreto de cádmio foram adicionadas aos grupos de tratamento. P. posthuma maduros foram liberados em cada vaso experimental, mantendo as condições favoráveis. Foram avaliados o pH, carbono, nitrogênio, fósforo, cátions trocáveis e nível de metais pesados de cada mistura. Os resultados indicaram que a bioassimilação de Pb e Cd por P. posthuma foi significativamente (P 0,01) maior em diferentes tratamentos de solo-CD em relação ao controle. A maior bioassimilação de ambos os metais foi observada em T1 de ambos os grupos (Pb = 563,8 mg / kg e Cd = 42,95 mg / kg). O conteúdo de ambos os metais foi significativamente (P 0,05) reduzido na fundição. A concentração de nutrientes nas fundições finais de todos os tratamentos de solo-CD também foi igualmente transformada de menos ou insolúvel para mais solúvel e disponível para as plantas, exceto o nível de carbono que aumenta com a proporção de CD. Conclui-se que o esterco de vaca como matéria orgânica tem um efeito positivo na recuperação do solo e na bioassimilação de metais por P. posthuma.

The impact of cow dung augmentation on soil restoration and bio-accumulation of metals (Lead and Cadmium) in Pheretima posthuma (Annelida: Clitellata) / O impacto do aumento de esterco de vaca na restauração do solo e bioacumulação de metais (chumbo e cádmio) em Pheretima posthuma (Annelida: Clitellata)

To investigate the role of cow dung in soil reclamation and bio assimilation along with bio accumulation of heavy metals in earthworm (P. posthuma) (N=900) earthworms were used and treatment groups of CD-soil mixture of different proportion of cow dung were designed. Nonlethal doses of lead acetate and cadmium chloride were added in treatment groups. Mature P. posthuma were released in each experimental pot maintaining the favorable conditions. The pH, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, exchangeable cations, and heavy metal level of each mixture was evaluated. The results indicated that bio-assimilation of Pb and Cd by P. posthuma were significantly (P ˂ 0.01) higher in different soil-CD treatments compared to control. Highest bio-assimilation of both metals was observed in T¹ of both groups (Pb = 563.8 mg/kg and Cd = 42.95 mg/kg). The contents of both metals were significantly (P ˂ 0.05) lowered in casting. The nutrient concentration in the final castings of all soil-CD treatments were also equally transformed from less or insoluble to more soluble and available for plants, except for carbon level which increased with CD proportion. It is concluded that cow dung as organic matter has a positive effect on soil reclamation and bio-assimilation of metals by P. posthuma.

Para investigar o papel do esterco de vaca na recuperação do solo e bioassimilação, juntamente com a bioacumulação de metais pesados em minhocas (P. posthuma) (N = 900), minhocas foram usadas e grupos de tratamento de mistura CD-solo de diferentes proporções de esterco de vaca foram projetados. Doses não letais de acetato de chumbo e cloreto de cádmio foram adicionadas aos grupos de tratamento. P. posthuma maduros foram liberados em cada vaso experimental, mantendo as condições favoráveis. Foram avaliados o pH, carbono, nitrogênio, fósforo, cátions trocáveis e nível de metais pesados de cada mistura. Os resultados indicaram que a bioassimilação de Pb e Cd por P. posthuma foi significativamente (P ˂ 0,01) maior em diferentes tratamentos de solo-CD em relação ao controle. A maior bioassimilação de ambos os metais foi observada em T1 de ambos os grupos (Pb = 563,8 mg / kg e Cd = 42,95 mg / kg). O conteúdo de ambos os metais foi significativamente (P ˂ 0,05) reduzido na fundição. A concentração de nutrientes nas fundições finais de todos os tratamentos de solo-CD também foi igualmente transformada de menos ou insolúvel para mais solúvel e disponível para as plantas, exceto o nível de carbono que aumenta com a proporção de CD. Conclui-se que o esterco de vaca como matéria orgânica tem um efeito positivo na recuperação do solo e na bioassimilação de metais por P. posthuma.

The impact of cow dung augmentation on soil restoration and bio-accumulation of metals (Lead and Cadmium) in Pheretima posthuma (Annelida: Clitellata) / O impacto do aumento de esterco de vaca na restauração do solo e bioacumulação de metais (chumbo e cádmio) em Pheretima posthuma (Annelida: Clitellata)

Abstract To investigate the role of cow dung in soil reclamation and bio assimilation along with bio accumulation of heavy metals in earthworm (P. posthuma) (N=900) earthworms were used and treatment groups of CD-soil mixture of different proportion of cow dung were designed. Nonlethal doses of lead acetate and cadmium chloride were added in treatment groups. Mature P. posthuma were released in each experimental pot maintaining the favorable conditions. The pH, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, exchangeable cations, and heavy metal level of each mixture was evaluated. The results indicated that bio-assimilation of Pb and Cd by P. posthuma were significantly (P ˂ 0.01) higher in different soil-CD treatments compared to control. Highest bio-assimilation of both metals was observed in T1 of both groups (Pb = 563.8 mg/kg and Cd = 42.95 mg/kg). The contents of both metals were significantly (P ˂ 0.05) lowered in casting. The nutrient concentration in the final castings of all soil-CD treatments were also equally transformed from less or insoluble to more soluble and available for plants, except for carbon level which increased with CD proportion. It is concluded that cow dung as organic matter has a positive effect on soil reclamation and bio-assimilation of metals by P. posthuma.

RESUMO Para investigar o papel do esterco de vaca na recuperação do solo e bioassimilação, juntamente com a bioacumulação de metais pesados ​​em minhocas (P. posthuma) (N = 900), minhocas foram usadas e grupos de tratamento de mistura CD-solo de diferentes proporções de esterco de vaca foram projetados. Doses não letais de acetato de chumbo e cloreto de cádmio foram adicionadas aos grupos de tratamento. P. posthuma maduros foram liberados em cada vaso experimental, mantendo as condições favoráveis. Foram avaliados o pH, carbono, nitrogênio, fósforo, cátions trocáveis ​​e nível de metais pesados ​​de cada mistura. Os resultados indicaram que a bioassimilação de Pb e Cd por P. posthuma foi significativamente (P ˂ 0,01) maior em diferentes tratamentos de solo-CD em relação ao controle. A maior bioassimilação de ambos os metais foi observada em T1 de ambos os grupos (Pb = 563,8 mg / kg e Cd = 42,95 mg / kg). O conteúdo de ambos os metais foi significativamente (P ˂ 0,05) reduzido na fundição. A concentração de nutrientes nas fundições finais de todos os tratamentos de solo-CD também foi igualmente transformada de menos ou insolúvel para mais solúvel e disponível para as plantas, exceto o nível de carbono que aumenta com a proporção de CD. Conclui-se que o esterco de vaca como matéria orgânica tem um efeito positivo na recuperação do solo e na bioassimilação de metais por P. posthuma.

Recovery of dried samples from the Helminthological Collection of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute (CHIOC)/Fiocruz through specimen rehydration technique / Recuperação de amostras dessecadas da Coleção Helmintológica do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (CHIOC)/Fiocruz por meio da técnica de reidratação de espécimes

The Helminthological Collection of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute is the biggest in Latin America and it is among the largest collections at worldwide reference level, with around 40,000 sets of specimens and approximately one million individual specimens. It contains helminths parasites of vertebrate and invertebrate animals that form part of the fauna of Brazil and other countries. The samples comprise holotypes, paratypes and representative specimens of Platyhelminthes, Acanthocephala, Nematoda and other non-helminth phyla, such as Annelida and Arthropoda. Some of the samples preserved in liquid media were found to have dried out. This made it impossible to analyze these samples morphologically for taxonomic purposes. The aim of this study was to test techniques used for rehydration of the tegument of specimens that had been found to have dried out and present protocols for such techniques. A total of 528 specimens that either no longer were immersed in preservatives or had already dried out were analyzed: 96 digenetic trematodes, 45 cestodes, 22 acanthocephalans, 357 nematodes, four hirudineans and four pentastomid crustaceans. The technique of rehydration using only distilled water on the specimens proved to be efficient for recovering tegument malleability, for all samples analyzed in this present study.(AU)

A Coleção Helmintológica do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz é a maior da América Latina e está entre as maiores coleções de referência mundial, com cerca de 40.000 lotes e, aproximadamente, um milhão de espécimes. Seu acervo reúne helmintos parasitos de animais vertebrados e invertebrados da fauna brasileira e de outros países. Seus exemplares são holótipos, parátipos e espécimes representativos de parasitos, pertencentes aos filos Platyhelminthes, Acanthocephala, Nematoda e, ainda alguns espécimes não-helmintos, pertencentes aos filos Annelida e Arthropoda. Parte das amostras preservadas como material líquido foram encontradas dessecadas. Esta condição torna as amostras inviáveis para análise morfológica para propósitos taxonômicos. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi testar técnicas usadas na reidratação do tegumento dos espécimes que se encontram dessecados e apresentar seus protocolos. Foram analisados 528 lotes, cujos espécimes encontravam-se sem conservantes ou já dessecados: 96 trematodeos digenéticos, 45 cestoides, 22 acantocéfalos, 357 nematoides, quatro hirudíneos e quatro crustáceos pentastomídeos. A técnica de reidratação dos espécimes, utilizando-se apenas água destilada, mostrou-se eficiente na recuperação da maleabilidade tegumentar de todas as amostras trabalhadas no presente estudo.(AU)

The impact of cow dung augmentation on soil restoration and bio-accumulation of metals (Lead and Cadmium) in Pheretima posthuma (Annelida: Clitellata) / O impacto do aumento de esterco de vaca na restauração do solo e bioacumulação de metais (chumbo e cádmio) em Pheretima posthuma (Annelida: Clitellata)

To investigate the role of cow dung in soil reclamation and bio assimilation along with bio accumulation of heavy metals in earthworm (P. posthuma) (N=900) earthworms were used and treatment groups of CD-soil mixture of different proportion of cow dung were designed. Nonlethal doses of lead acetate and cadmium chloride were added in treatment groups. Mature P. posthuma were released in each experimental pot maintaining the favorable conditions. The pH, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, exchangeable cations, and heavy metal level of each mixture was evaluated. The results indicated that bio-assimilation of Pb and Cd by P. posthuma were significantly (P ˂ 0.01) higher in different soil-CD treatments compared to control. Highest bio-assimilation of both metals was observed in T¹ of both groups (Pb = 563.8 mg/kg and Cd = 42.95 mg/kg). The contents of both metals were significantly (P ˂ 0.05) lowered in casting. The nutrient concentration in the final castings of all soil-CD treatments were also equally transformed from less or insoluble to more soluble and available for plants, except for carbon level which increased with CD proportion. It is concluded that cow dung as organic matter has a positive effect on soil reclamation and bio-assimilation of metals by P. posthuma.(AU)

Para investigar o papel do esterco de vaca na recuperação do solo e bioassimilação, juntamente com a bioacumulação de metais pesados em minhocas (P. posthuma) (N = 900), minhocas foram usadas e grupos de tratamento de mistura CD-solo de diferentes proporções de esterco de vaca foram projetados. Doses não letais de acetato de chumbo e cloreto de cádmio foram adicionadas aos grupos de tratamento. P. posthuma maduros foram liberados em cada vaso experimental, mantendo as condições favoráveis. Foram avaliados o pH, carbono, nitrogênio, fósforo, cátions trocáveis e nível de metais pesados de cada mistura. Os resultados indicaram que a bioassimilação de Pb e Cd por P. posthuma foi significativamente (P ˂ 0,01) maior em diferentes tratamentos de solo-CD em relação ao controle. A maior bioassimilação de ambos os metais foi observada em T1 de ambos os grupos (Pb = 563,8 mg / kg e Cd = 42,95 mg / kg). O conteúdo de ambos os metais foi significativamente (P ˂ 0,05) reduzido na fundição. A concentração de nutrientes nas fundições finais de todos os tratamentos de solo-CD também foi igualmente transformada de menos ou insolúvel para mais solúvel e disponível para as plantas, exceto o nível de carbono que aumenta com a proporção de CD. Conclui-se que o esterco de vaca como matéria orgânica tem um efeito positivo na recuperação do solo e na bioassimilação de metais por P. posthuma.(AU)

Characterization of the zooplankton in the continental shelf of the Brazilian Equatorial Atlantic / Caracterização do zooplâncton na plataforma continental do atlântico equatorial brasileiro

The equatorial Atlantic is characterized by its high abundance of zooplankton. However, starting point studies concerning the species composition in the northern Brazilian continental shelf are still scarce. Species cataloging studies can help to know the diversity of this ecosystem and, consequently, de-velop conservation studies and strategies for natural resources management. Thus, this work aims to characterize the species composing the zooplanktonic communities present on the continental shelf of Maranhão. Ninety-six taxa distributed among the Radiolaria, Myozoa, Foraminifera, Cnidaria, Mollusca, Annelida, Arthropoda, Bryozoa, Chaetognatha, Echinodermata, Chordata, and other groups, were recorded. The composition of mesozooplankton showed a wide distribution, indicating that the species are finding the appropriate conditions for their development.(AU)

O Atlântico equatorial é caracterizado por sua alta abundância zooplanctônica, no entanto, estudos iniciais sobre a composição de espécies na plataforma continental do Norte do Brasil ainda são es-cassos. Pesquisas de catalogação de espécies podem auxiliar no conhecimento da diversidade desse ecossistema para, consequentemente, desenvolver estudos de conservação e estratégias para o manejo dos recursos naturais. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo caracterizar as espécies que compõem as comunidades zooplanctônicas presentes na plataforma continental do estado do Maranhão, localizada na porção equatorial do oceano Atlântico. A região apresentou 96 táxons distribuídos entre os grupos Radiolaria, Myxozoa, Foraminifera, Cnidaria, Mollusca, Annelida, Arthropoda, Bryozoa, Chaetognatha, Echinodermata, Chordata e outros. A composição do mesozooplâncton apresentou ampla distribuição, indicando que as espécies estão encontrando as condições adequadas para seu desenvolvimento.(AU)

Record of the non-indigenous species Sternaspis aff. nana Zhadan, Tzetlin & Salazar-Vallejo, 2017 (Annelida: Sternaspidae) in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean

The introduction of non-indigenous marine species in new habitats is generally associated with ships arriving at ports, driven by species transported in ballast water and sediment and biofouling communities on ship hulls, drifting object and underwater surfaces in dock areas. The present paper reports the record of the specie Sternaspis aff. nana in the Atlantic Ocean, discussing its possible conservation status and method of arrival to Brazil. Sediments samples were collected in the external area (11 m depth) of the Suape Harbor (Brazil) in February 2018. Two individuals of Sternaspis aff. nana were recorded, representing the first record of this species in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean. The way S. aff. nana arrived in Brazilian waters cannot be easily determined, the short-lived lecithotrophic larvae of sternaspids suggest that the specimens found in Suape have arrived in ballast sediment. An increase in trade between Brazil and Asian countries since the 2000s has led to that more ships coming from China having arrived in Brazilian harbors. The arrival of S. aff. nana, originally described in the South China Sea, in the Suape harbor area may have resulted from this intense movement of ships between China and Brazil.

Record of the non-indigenous species Sternaspis aff. nana Zhadan, Tzetlin & Salazar-Vallejo, 2017 (Annelida: Sternaspidae) in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean

The introduction of non-indigenous marine species in new habitats is generally associated with ships arriving at ports, driven by species transported in ballast water and sediment and biofouling communities on ship hulls, drifting object and underwater surfaces in dock areas. The present paper reports the record of the specie Sternaspis aff. nana in the Atlantic Ocean, discussing its possible conservation status and method of arrival to Brazil. Sediments samples were collected in the external area (11 m depth) of the Suape Harbor (Brazil) in February 2018. Two individuals of Sternaspis aff. nana were recorded, representing the first record of this species in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean. The way S. aff. nana arrived in Brazilian waters cannot be easily determined, the short-lived lecithotrophic larvae of sternaspids suggest that the specimens found in Suape have arrived in ballast sediment. An increase in trade between Brazil and Asian countries since the 2000s has led to that more ships coming from China having arrived in Brazilian harbors. The arrival of S. aff. nana, originally described in the South China Sea, in the Suape harbor area may have resulted from this intense movement of ships between China and Brazil.(AU)

Aquatic Oligochaeta (Annelida: Clitellata) in wetlands and irrigated rice fields in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (Southern Brazil)

ABSTRACT The knowledge of the diversity and distribution of aquatic Oligochaeta (Annelida: Clitellata) species is scarce in southern Brazil. This study presents a list of the species of aquatic Oligochaeta in wetlands and irrigated rice fields in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Collections were carried out in two large wetland remnants and seven irrigated rice fields distributed in three regions across the state. We recorded eight species from two families (Alluroididae and Naididae). We expanded the distribution ranges of two species (Brinkhurstia americana and Stylaria lacustris), which represent new records for the state of Rio Grande do Sul and registered their occurrence in non-documented environments. In specific, the present study increases to 24 species the aquatic Oligochaeta diversity for the state of Rio Grande do Sul. In addition, the spatial distribution of the species recorded suggests that rice fields support a subset of the wetland fauna of aquatic Oligochaeta. The results provide important information on the ecology and distribution of limnic Oligochaeta and are useful to inform on the diversity of this fauna in agroecosystems.

RESUMO Oligochaeta aquáticos (Annelida: Clitellata) em áreas úmidas e arrozais irrigados no estado do Rio Grande do Sul (Sul do Brasil). O conhecimento sobre a diversidade e distribuição das espécies aquáticas de Oligochaeta (Annelida: Clitellata) é escasso no sul do Brasil. Este estudo apresenta uma lista das espécies de Oligochaeta aquáticas em áreas úmidas e arrozais irrigados no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. As coletas foram realizadas em dois grandes remanescentes de banhados e sete arrozais irrigados distribuídos em três regiões do estado. Nós registramos oito espécies de duas famílias (Alluroididae e Naididae). Nós expandimos as áreas de distribuição de duas espécies (Brinkhurstia americana e Stylaria lacustris), que representam novos registros para o estado do Rio Grande do Sul e documentamos sua ocorrência em diferentes ambientes. Especificamente, o presente estudo aumenta para 24 a diversidade de espécies de Oligochaeta aquáticas para o estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Além disso, a distribuição espacial das espécies registradas sugere que os arrozais sustentam um subconjunto da fauna de Oligochaeta aquática. Os resultados fornecem informações importantes sobre a ecologia e distribuição de Oligochaeta límnicos e são úteis para informar sobre a diversidade desta fauna em agroecossistemas.

Aquatic Oligochaeta (Annelida: Clitellata) in wetlands and irrigated rice fields in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (Southern Brazil) / Oligochaeta aquáticos (Annelida: Clitellata) em áreas úmidas e arrozais irrigados no estado do Rio Grande do Sul (Sul do Brasil)

The knowledge of the diversity and distribution of aquatic Oligochaeta (Annelida: Clitellata) species is scarce in southern Brazil. This study presents a list of the species of aquatic Oligochaeta in wetlands and irrigated rice fields in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Collections were carried out in two large wetland remnants and seven irrigated rice fields distributed in three regions across the state. We recorded eight species from two families (Alluroididae and Naididae). We expanded the distribution ranges of two species (Brinkhurstia americana and Stylaria lacustris), which represent new records for the state of Rio Grande do Sul and registered their occurrence in non-documented environments. In specific, the present study increases to 24 species the aquatic Oligochaeta diversity for the state of Rio Grande do Sul. In addition, the spatial distribution of the species recorded suggests that rice fields support a subset of the wetland fauna of aquatic Oligochaeta. The results provide important information on the ecology and distribution of limnic Oligochaeta and are useful to inform on the diversity of this fauna in agroecosystems.(AU)

O conhecimento sobre a diversidade e distribuição das espécies aquáticas de Oligochaeta (Annelida: Clitellata) é escasso no sul do Brasil. Este estudo apresenta uma lista das espécies de Oligochaeta aquáticas em áreas úmidas e arrozais irrigados no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. As coletas foram realizadas em dois grandes remanescentes de banhados e sete arrozais irrigados distribuídos em três regiões do estado. Nós registramos oito espécies de duas famílias (Alluroididae e Naididae). Nós expandimos as áreas de distribuição de duas espécies (Brinkhurstia americana e Stylaria lacustris), que representam novos registros para o estado do Rio Grande do Sul e documentamos sua ocorrência em diferentes ambientes. Especificamente, o presente estudo aumenta para 24 a diversidade de espécies de Oligochaeta aquáticas para o estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Além disso, a distribuição espacial das espécies registradas sugere que os arrozais sustentam um subconjunto da fauna de Oligochaeta aquática. Os resultados fornecem informações importantes sobre a ecologia e distribuição de Oligochaeta límnicos e são úteis para informar sobre a diversidade desta fauna em agroecossistemas.(AU)

Aquatic Oligochaeta (Annelida: Clitellata) in wetlands and irrigated rice fields in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (Southern Brazil) / Oligochaeta aquáticos (Annelida: Clitellata) em áreas úmidas e arrozais irrigados no estado do Rio Grande do Sul (Sul do Brasil)

The knowledge of the diversity and distribution of aquatic Oligochaeta (Annelida: Clitellata) species is scarce in southern Brazil. This study presents a list of the species of aquatic Oligochaeta in wetlands and irrigated rice fields in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Collections were carried out in two large wetland remnants and seven irrigated rice fields distributed in three regions across the state. We recorded eight species from two families (Alluroididae and Naididae). We expanded the distribution ranges of two species (Brinkhurstia americana and Stylaria lacustris), which represent new records for the state of Rio Grande do Sul and registered their occurrence in non-documented environments. In specific, the present study increases to 24 species the aquatic Oligochaeta diversity for the state of Rio Grande do Sul. In addition, the spatial distribution of the species recorded suggests that rice fields support a subset of the wetland fauna of aquatic Oligochaeta. The results provide important information on the ecology and distribution of limnic Oligochaeta and are useful to inform on the diversity of this fauna in agroecosystems.

O conhecimento sobre a diversidade e distribuição das espécies aquáticas de Oligochaeta (Annelida: Clitellata) é escasso no sul do Brasil. Este estudo apresenta uma lista das espécies de Oligochaeta aquáticas em áreas úmidas e arrozais irrigados no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. As coletas foram realizadas em dois grandes remanescentes de banhados e sete arrozais irrigados distribuídos em três regiões do estado. Nós registramos oito espécies de duas famílias (Alluroididae e Naididae). Nós expandimos as áreas de distribuição de duas espécies (Brinkhurstia americana e Stylaria lacustris), que representam novos registros para o estado do Rio Grande do Sul e documentamos sua ocorrência em diferentes ambientes. Especificamente, o presente estudo aumenta para 24 a diversidade de espécies de Oligochaeta aquáticas para o estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Além disso, a distribuição espacial das espécies registradas sugere que os arrozais sustentam um subconjunto da fauna de Oligochaeta aquática. Os resultados fornecem informações importantes sobre a ecologia e distribuição de Oligochaeta límnicos e são úteis para informar sobre a diversidade desta fauna em agroecossistemas.

Record of the non-indigenous species Sternaspis aff. nana Zhadan, Tzetlin & Salazar-Vallejo, 2017 (Annelida: Sternaspidae) in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean

Abstract The introduction of non-indigenous marine species in new habitats is generally associated with ships arriving at ports, driven by species transported in ballast water and sediment and biofouling communities on ship hulls, drifting object and underwater surfaces in dock areas. The present paper reports the record of the specie Sternaspis aff. nana in the Atlantic Ocean, discussing its possible conservation status and method of arrival to Brazil. Sediments samples were collected in the external area (11 m depth) of the Suape Harbor (Brazil) in February 2018. Two individuals of Sternaspis aff. nana were recorded, representing the first record of this species in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean. The way S. aff. nana arrived in Brazilian waters cannot be easily determined, the short-lived lecithotrophic larvae of sternaspids suggest that the specimens found in Suape have arrived in ballast sediment. An increase in trade between Brazil and Asian countries since the 2000s has led to that more ships coming from China having arrived in Brazilian harbors. The arrival of S. aff. nana, originally described in the South China Sea, in the Suape harbor area may have resulted from this intense movement of ships between China and Brazil.

Macrobenthic community of an estuarine tidal flat on the Amazon coast: spatial variations and presence of polychaetes tubes

Abstract The present study characterized the macrobenthic fauna found on a muddy-sandy tidal flat of the Amazon coast in areas with and without the presence of Diopatra cuprea (Bosc, 1802) (Onuphidae: Annelida) tubes. In addition, a brief review of records of D. cuprea on the Brazilian Amazon coast is presented. Samples were collected in February 2014 in two different areas: (1) an area in which D. cuprea tubes were present, and (2) a control area, in which worm tubes were absent. A total of 21 taxa were found, of which 10 were associated exclusively with D. cuprea tubes. Although richness did not vary significantly among areas, there were changes in the abundance and composition of species and trophic guilds. In the area with tubes, there was a higher abundance of filter-feeders and the presence of species adapted to consolidated and muddy substrates. Our results and those of other studies indicate that D. cuprea commonly presents low density in the Amazon coastal, and its tubes are typically scattered widely in the intertidal zone. The present findings add knowledge about the presence of the bioconstructor in coastal areas and reinforce the role of tube-building polychaetes as ecosystem engineers.

Macrobenthic community of an estuarine tidal flat on the Amazon coast: spatial variations and presence of polychaetes tubes

Abstract The present study characterized the macrobenthic fauna found on a muddy-sandy tidal flat of the Amazon coast in areas with and without the presence of Diopatra cuprea (Bosc, 1802) (Onuphidae: Annelida) tubes. In addition, a brief review of records of D. cuprea on the Brazilian Amazon coast is presented. Samples were collected in February 2014 in two different areas: (1) an area in which D. cuprea tubes were present, and (2) a control area, in which worm tubes were absent. A total of 21 taxa were found, of which 10 were associated exclusively with D. cuprea tubes. Although richness did not vary significantly among areas, there were changes in the abundance and composition of species and trophic guilds. In the area with tubes, there was a higher abundance of filter-feeders and the presence of species adapted to consolidated and muddy substrates. Our results and those of other studies indicate that D. cuprea commonly presents low density in the Amazon coastal, and its tubes are typically scattered widely in the intertidal zone. The present findings add knowledge about the presence of the bioconstructor in coastal areas and reinforce the role of tube-building polychaetes as ecosystem engineers.

Macrobenthic community of an estuarine tidal flat on the Amazon coast: spatial variations and presence of polychaetes tubes

The present study characterized the macrobenthic fauna found on a muddy-sandy tidal flat of the Amazon coast in areas with and without the presence of Diopatra cuprea (Bosc, 1802) (Onuphidae: Annelida) tubes. In addition, a brief review of records of D. cuprea on the Brazilian Amazon coast is presented. Samples were collected in February 2014 in two different areas: (1) an area in which D. cuprea tubes were present, and (2) a control area, in which worm tubes were absent. A total of 21 taxa were found, of which 10 were associated exclusively with D. cuprea tubes. Although richness did not vary significantly among areas, there were changes in the abundance and composition of species and trophic guilds. In the area with tubes, there was a higher abundance of filter-feeders and the presence of species adapted to consolidated and muddy substrates. Our results and those of other studies indicate that D. cuprea commonly presents low density in the Amazon coastal, and its tubes are typically scattered widely in the intertidal zone. The present findings add knowledge about the presence of the bioconstructor in coastal areas and reinforce the role of tube-building polychaetes as ecosystem engineers.(AU)

Do Morphological Similarities and human-induced dispersal explain the non-native occurrence of Serpulidae (Annelida) in Southwest Atlantic? Taxonomic detailing is the key

Species of Serpulidae are common on benthic and biofouling communities, occurring attached on both natural and artificial substrates. In this paper, Serpulids were collected from intertidal to subtidal areas, on rocky shore and suspended artificial plates in port areas. Herein we report three new records of serpulid species to the coast of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We also discuss the misidentification of Spirobranchus tetraceros, which was previously reported to the north of Rio de Janeiro.

A new species of Ophryotrocha (Annelida: Dorvilleidae) associated with the coral Lophelia pertusa (Anthozoa: Caryophylliidae)

Ophryotrocha is the most speciose genus within Dorvilleidae, with species occurring in a great variety of environments around the globe. In Brazil, records of Ophryotrocha are scarce and no specific identification is provided for any of the records. Herein we describe a new species of Dorvilleidae, Ophryotrocha zitae sp. nov. Adult and larval specimens were found in the axis of a fragment of the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa, sampled off São Paulo’s coast, at a depth of 245 m. Both forms are described and illustrated. This new species resembles O. puerilis, O. adherens and O. eutrophila, but can be distinguished based on differences in its mandible and on chaetae shape and arrangement.

A new species of Ophryotrocha (Annelida: Dorvilleidae) associated with the coral Lophelia pertusa (Anthozoa: Caryophylliidae)

Ophryotrocha is the most speciose genus within Dorvilleidae, with species occurring in a great variety of environments around the globe. In Brazil, records of Ophryotrocha are scarce and no specific identification is provided for any of the records. Herein we describe a new species of Dorvilleidae, Ophryotrocha zitae sp. nov. Adult and larval specimens were found in the axis of a fragment of the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa, sampled off São Paulos coast, at a depth of 245 m. Both forms are described and illustrated. This new species resembles O. puerilis, O. adherens and O. eutrophila, but can be distinguished based on differences in its mandible and on chaetae shape and arrangement.(AU)

Do Morphological Similarities and human-induced dispersal explain the non-native occurrence of Serpulidae (Annelida) in Southwest Atlantic? Taxonomic detailing is the key

Species of Serpulidae are common on benthic and biofouling communities, occurring attached on both natural and artificial substrates. In this paper, Serpulids were collected from intertidal to subtidal areas, on rocky shore and suspended artificial plates in port areas. Herein we report three new records of serpulid species to the coast of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We also discuss the misidentification of Spirobranchus tetraceros, which was previously reported to the north of Rio de Janeiro.(AU)

On a new species of Spirobranchus (Annelida: Serpulidae) and considerations on the genus along the Brazilian coast

Abstract Spirobranchus are abundant and diverse serpulids in tropical regions, with three species reported in Brazil, which occurrence is questionable, due to their distant type localities. In the present work, we describe a new species of Spirobranchus from the Brazilian coast and report the other species of the genus occurring off Brazilian shoreline, based on specimens from different locations. Specimens were collected in the states of Alagoas, Rio de Janeiro, and Santa Catarina, sorted and analyzed under a stereoscopic microscope. Then, the animals were anesthetized and subsequently fixed and prepared for the scanning electron microscopy. Specimens from the Caribbean and other Brazilian states were loaned from Museu Nacional of Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro and Universidade Federal de Alagoas. Morphological analyzes differentiated the three species and provided details of the morphology that can be used in the future taxonomy of the family. The species S. giganteus and S. tetraceros are more similar to each other, but can be readily separated based on the spiral radiolar crown in the former; S. minutus differs from the other species for the tube, operculum, and type of uncini. Spirobranchus lirianeae sp. nov. nests within S. kraussii-complex, with a concave operculum, absence of collar chaetae and paired compound eyes on the radioles, differing by being a solitary rather than a gregarious species, by the funnel-shaped operculum, fringed tonguelets and tube with single keel, distally pointed.