Heterozygosity as a factor of increasing the meat productivity of kalmyk steers / Heterozigosidade como fator de aumento da produtividade da carne de bois kalmyk

The present work carried out full-genome SNP genotyping of 16-month-old Kalmyk steers to study their productive characteristics and beef quality indicators in the leading farms of the Republic of Kalmykia (Group I was located at the Agrofirma Aduchi farm; Group II at the Kirovsky breeding plant, and Group III at the Plodovitoye agricultural cooperative). As a result of investigating the frequencies of some homozygous alleles, the study established that the heterozygous allele A/A varied considerably along the lines from 0.2785 to 0.3146, while B/B varied from 0.3697 to 0.4125. Meanwhile, the heterozygous allele A/B varied from 0.2986 to 0.3197. Estimated inbreeding coefficients were 1.35, 1.28 and 1.27%. The conducted studies established a higher natural resistance determined by lysozyme, bactericidal and phagocytic activities of steers raised at the Agrofirma Aduchi as farm than their counterparts at the other agricultural enterprises. Over the entire period of the experiment, the steers from 8 to 16 months of age in Group I exceeded the indices of their counterparts in Groups II and III by 30.46g, or 3.31% and 38.04g, or 4.16%, respectively. It is concluded that an increase in the heterozygosity of the studied Kalmyk steers not only results in higher meat productivity, but also improves the quality of carcass and beef quality, increases the yield of more valuable meat grades, and optimizes the fractional composition of proteins.

O presente trabalho realizou a genotipagem de bois Kalmyk de 16 meses de idade para estudar suas características produtivas e indicadores de qualidade da carne bovina nas principais fazendas da República de Kalmykia (o Grupo I estava localizado na fazenda Agrofirma Aduchi; Grupo II - na planta de criação Kirovsky; Grupo III - na cooperativa agrícola Plodovitoye). Como resultado da investigação das freqüências de alguns alelos homozigotos, o estudo estabeleceu que o alelo heterozigotos A/A variou consideravelmente de 0,2785 a 0,3146, enquanto o B/B variou de 0,3697 a 0,4125. Enquanto isso, o alelo heterozigoto A/B variou de 0,2986 a 0,3197. Os coeficientes estimados de consanguinidade foram de 1,35, 1,28 e 1,27%. Os estudos realizados estabeleceram uma maior resistência natural determinada pelas atividades lisozóides, bactericidas e fagocitárias dos bois criados na Agrofirma Aduchi como fazenda do que suas contrapartes nas outras empresas agrícolas. Durante todo o período do experimento, os bois de 8 a 16 meses de idade no Grupo I excederam os índices de suas contrapartes nos Grupos II e III em 30,46g, ou 3,31% e 38,04g, ou 4,16%, respectivamente. Conclui-se que um aumento na heterozigosidade dos bois Kalmyk estudados não só resulta em maior produtividade da carne, mas também melhora a qualidade da carcaça e da carne bovina, aumenta o rendimento das carnes de maior valor e otimiza a composição fracionária das proteínas.

Beyond survival: unraveling the adaptive mechanisms of cucurbit weeds to salt and heavy metal stress through biochemical and physiological analyses / Além da sobrevivência: desvendando os mecanismos adaptativos de ervas daninhas cucurbitáceas ao sal e estresse de metais pesados por meio de análises bioquímicas e fisiológicas

Salt stress and heavy metal are instigating hazard to crops, menace to agricultural practices. Single and combined stresses affecting adversely to the growth and metabolism of plants. To explore salt and heavy metal resistant plant lines as phytoremediants is a need of time. Physiological responses are main adaptive responses of the plants towards stresses. This response varies with species and ecotype as well as type and level of stress. Two cucurbit weeds from two ecotypes were selected to evaluate their physiological adaptations against independent and combined stresses of various levels of salt (NaCl) and heavy metal (NiCl2). Various physiological parameters like water potential, osmotic potential, pressure potential, CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, and production of adaptive chemicals like SOD, CAT, proteins, sugars and proline were studied. Citrullus colocynthis showed more adaptive response than Cucumis melo agrestis and desert ecotype was more successful than agricultural ecotype against stresses.

O estresse salino e os metais pesados são um perigo instigante para as plantações e uma ameaça para as práticas agrícolas. Estresses simples e combinados afetam adversamente o crescimento e o metabolismo das plantas. Explorar linhagens de plantas resistentes a sais e metais pesados como fitorremediantes é uma necessidade de tempo. As respostas fisiológicas são as principais respostas adaptativas das plantas aos estresses. Essas respostas variam de acordo com a espécie e o ecótipo, bem como com o tipo e o nível de estresse. Duas plantas daninhas cucurbitáceas de dois ecótipos foram selecionadas para avaliar suas adaptações fisiológicas frente a estresses independentes e combinados de vários níveis de sal (NaCl) e metal pesado (NiCl2). Vários parâmetros fisiológicos, como potencial hídrico, potencial osmótico, potencial de pressão, taxa de assimilação de CO2, condutância estomática, clorofila a e b, carotenoides e produção de produtos químicos adaptativos, por exemplo, SOD, CAT, proteínas, açúcares e prolina, foram estudados. Citrullus colocynthis apresentou resposta mais adaptativa do que Cucumis melo agrestis e o ecótipo deserto foi mais bem-sucedido do que o ecótipo agrícola contra estresses.

Cancer chemopreventive and antioxidant activities of seed, skin, and pulp of maximo hybrid grapes (IAC 138-22) at five different ripening stages / Atividades quimiopreventiva de câncer e antioxidante de sementes, casca e polpa de uva híbridas maximo (IAC 138-22) em cinco diferentes estágios de maturação

This study evaluated the composition and the cancer chemopreventive and antioxidant activities of the seed, skin, and pulp of Maximo hybrid grapes (IAC 138-22) harvested at different ripening stages. The content of total phenolic compounds and tannins were determined by the Folin-Ciocaulteau method, and total anthocyanins were determined using the differential pH method. Different chemical methods assessed the antioxidant activity. Cell viability (macrophage and melanoma skin cancer) and cancer chemopreventive activity were tested in cell lines by quinone reductase induction assay, TNF-α-induced NF-κB inhibitory activity assay, and aromatase inhibitory activity assay. The hybrid grape had high phenolic contents in both seeds and skin, significantly reduced upon ripening. The results showed that fruit ripening significantly affected both the composition and the antioxidant and cancer chemopreventive activities. Except for the anthocyanin content, the most significant results were observed for green seeds, with the greenest stage showing the best results. The green seeds showed the highest antioxidant activity, even when compared to free resveratrol. In the assessment of cancer chemopreventive activity, the green seeds showed the ability to inhibit N-FκB and aromatase activity, important factors for the early stage of cancer development. Besides, no extracts showed cytotoxicity. Therefore, this grape's green seeds showed strong antioxidant and cancer chemopreventive activities confirmed herein, suggesting beneficial health effects.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a composição e as atividades quimiopreventiva de câncer e antioxidante da semente, polpa e casca de uvas híbridas Maximo (IAC 138-22) colhidas em diferentes estágios de maturação. Os teores de compostos fenólicos totais, antocianinas e taninos foram determinados a partir dos extratos etanólicos. O conteúdo de fenólicos e taninos totais foi determinado pelo método de Folin-Ciocaulteau, e o teor de antocianinas totais foi determinado pelo método do pH diferencial. A atividade antioxidante foi avaliada por diferentes métodos químicos, e a viabilidade celular (macrófagos e melanomas), e atividade quimiopreventiva de câncer foi testada em culturas de células por ensaio de indução de quinona redutase, ensaio de atividade inibidora de NF-κB induzido por TNF-α e ensaio de atividade inibidora de aromatase. A uva híbrida apresentou alto teor de fenólicos nas sementes e na casca, teor que reduziu significativamente com o amadurecimento. Os resultados mostraram que o amadurecimento dos frutos afetou significativamente a composição e as atividades antioxidantes e quimiopreventivas de câncer. Com exceção do teor de antocianinas, os resultados mais significativos foram observados para as sementes verdes, com o estádio mais verde apresentando os melhores resultados. As sementes verdes apresentaram a maior atividade antioxidante, mesmo quando comparadas ao resveratrol livre. Na avaliação da atividade quimiopreventiva do câncer, as sementes verdes mostraram capacidade de inibir a atividade do NF-κB e da aromatase, fatores importantes para o estágio inicial do desenvolvimento do câncer. Além disso, nenhum extrato apresentou atividade citotóxica. Portanto, as sementes verdes desta uva apresentam resultados promissores dadas as fortes atividades antioxidantes e quimiopreventivas do câncer aqui confirmadas, sugerindo efeitos benéficos à saúde.

Expression of LIN28A/B and Let-7 miRNAs in canine mammary carcinomas / Expressão de LIN28A/B e Let-7 miRNAs em carcinomas mamários caninos

LIN28 is a RNA-binding protein including two highly conserved homologous, LIN28A and LIN28B. Proto-oncogenes such as LIN28A and LIN28B are generally targeted by the let-7 miRNAs in different types of human cancers. Here, we determined the expression of LIN28A in canine mammary tumor samples and the LIN28/let-7 pathway in canine mammary cell lines. In those cell lines, we identified a functional LIN28/let-7 pathway which exhibited high expression of let-7 members and low expression of its targets, including LIN28A and LIN28B. However, the mammary carcinoma tissue samples showed a frequent expression of LIN28A being expressed mainly in the epithelial cells. No association was observed between LIN28A expression and histopathological classification and grade, TNM and survival time. Our results suggested a possible role of the LIN28A protein in the development of canine mammary carcinomas due to the high frequency observed in the tumor samples (28 of 32). The in vitro experiments suggested that the LIN28/let-7 pathway is active in the tumor cells evaluated. However, more studies are necessary to elucidate the exact role of LIN28/let-7 pathway in canine mammary carcinomas.

LIN28 é uma proteína de ligação ao RNA, com duas formas homólogas altamente conservadas, LIN28A e LIN28B. Os proto-oncogenes LIN28A e LIN28B são regulados pela família de miRNAs let-7 em diferentes tipos de cânceres em humanos. No presente trabalho, o objetivo foi determinar a expressão de LIN28A em amostras de tumor mamário de cadelas e a via LIN28/let-7 em linhagens celulares mamárias caninas. Nestas linhagens, através das técnicas de qPCR e RNAseq, foi identificado que a via LIN28/let-7 apresenta-se funcional, com alta expressão dos membros da família let-7 e baixa expressão de seus alvos, entre eles LIN28A e LIN28B. No entanto, as amostras de tecidos de carcinomas mamários caninos demonstraram expressão frequente de LIN28A, sendo observada principalmente em células epiteliais. Não foram observadas associações entre expressão de LIN28A com classificação e gradação histopatológicas, TNM e tempo de sobrevida. Nossos resultados sugerem uma possível relação da proteína LIN28A no desenvolvimento de carcinomas mamários caninos devido à alta frequência observada nas amostras tumorais (28 de 32). Os experimentos in vitro sugerem que a via LIN28/let-7 é ativa nas linhagens celulares caninas avaliadas. Entretanto, estudos funcionais ainda são necessários para elucidar a função exata da via LIN28/let-7 nos carcinomas mamários caninos.

Genetic diversity and heterotic grouping of sorghum lines using SNP markers

Sorghum breeding programs are based predominantly on developing homozygous lines to produce single cross hybrids, frequently with relatively narrow genetic bases. The adoption of complementary strategies, such as genetic diversity study, enables a broader vision of the genetic structure of the breeding germplasm. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of sorghum breeding lines using structure analysis, principal components (PC) and clustering analyses. A total of 160 sorghum lines were genotyped with 29,649 SNP markers generated by genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). The PC and clustering analyses consistently divided the R (restorer) and B (maintainer) lines based on their pedigree, generating four groups. Thirty-two B and 21 R lines were used to generate 121 single-cross hybrids, whose performances were compared based on the diversity clustering of each parental line. The genetic divergence of B and R lines indicated a potential for increasing heterotic response in the development of hybrids. The genetic distance was correlated to heterosis, allowing for the use of markers to create heterotic groups in sorghum.(AU)

Genetic diversity and heterotic grouping of sorghum lines using SNP markers

Sorghum breeding programs are based predominantly on developing homozygous lines to produce single cross hybrids, frequently with relatively narrow genetic bases. The adoption of complementary strategies, such as genetic diversity study, enables a broader vision of the genetic structure of the breeding germplasm. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of sorghum breeding lines using structure analysis, principal components (PC) and clustering analyses. A total of 160 sorghum lines were genotyped with 29,649 SNP markers generated by genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). The PC and clustering analyses consistently divided the R (restorer) and B (maintainer) lines based on their pedigree, generating four groups. Thirty-two B and 21 R lines were used to generate 121 single-cross hybrids, whose performances were compared based on the diversity clustering of each parental line. The genetic divergence of B and R lines indicated a potential for increasing heterotic response in the development of hybrids. The genetic distance was correlated to heterosis, allowing for the use of markers to create heterotic groups in sorghum.

Cytotoxicity and the bioconversion strategy of Aristolochia spp

Aristolochia plants are notable from an ethnopharmacological viewpoint, but the relevance of these species for medicinal purposes has been debated because of their inherent toxicity. The convergence of these contrasting realities can be readily achieved using bioconversion methods, which have been shown to be useful tools for numerous applications, including the detoxification of biomass. In this context, methanolic extracts of leaves from Aristolochia triangularis and Aristolochia gibertii, as well as the feces of Battus polydamas larvae fed with leaves from these plants, were prepared, and their cytotoxic activities were evaluated on a human fibroblast cell line (GM07492). The leaf extracts were found to be cytotoxic, leading to reductions of 42.1 and 33.8% on cell viability, respectively, while the fecal extracts were considered inactive. In addition to evidencing the cytotoxicity of A. triangularis and A. gibertii, these findings demonstrated a potential bioconversion strategy for obtaining aristolochiaceous extracts with reduced toxicity using the larvae of a specialist phytophagous insect, thus renewing expectations in relation to the pharmacological importance of Aristolochia spp. The results were also ecologically relevant, as B. polydamas larvae were found to be able to detoxify compounds from host plants.(AU)

Cytotoxicity and the bioconversion strategy of Aristolochia spp

Aristolochia plants are notable from an ethnopharmacological viewpoint, but the relevance of these species for medicinal purposes has been debated because of their inherent toxicity. The convergence of these contrasting realities can be readily achieved using bioconversion methods, which have been shown to be useful tools for numerous applications, including the detoxification of biomass. In this context, methanolic extracts of leaves from Aristolochia triangularis and Aristolochia gibertii, as well as the feces of Battus polydamas larvae fed with leaves from these plants, were prepared, and their cytotoxic activities were evaluated on a human fibroblast cell line (GM07492). The leaf extracts were found to be cytotoxic, leading to reductions of 42.1 and 33.8% on cell viability, respectively, while the fecal extracts were considered inactive. In addition to evidencing the cytotoxicity of A. triangularis and A. gibertii, these findings demonstrated a potential bioconversion strategy for obtaining aristolochiaceous extracts with reduced toxicity using the larvae of a specialist phytophagous insect, thus renewing expectations in relation to the pharmacological importance of Aristolochia spp. The results were also ecologically relevant, as B. polydamas larvae were found to be able to detoxify compounds from host plants.(AU)

Intestine vascularization of sloth (Bradypus variegatus SCHINZ, 1825) / Vascularização do intestino do bicho-preguiça (Bradypus variegatusSCHINZ, 1825)

Common sloth (Bradypus variegatus) is a mammal that belongs to the superorder Xenarthra, typical from neotropical regions, with geographic distribution from Honduras to northern Argentina. Our study aimed to describe the intestine blood supply of these Bradipodids in order to collaborate with the clinical-surgical for these animals. For that, ten animals, included four females and six males, were sampled from the collection of the Anatomy Division, Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco DMFA/UFRPE. Corpses received formalin, preserved in saline solution and subsequently dissected for description of the cranial (AMCr) and caudal (AMC) mesenteric arteries. Sixty percent of sloths presented AMCr and AMC, cwhile 30% of them had intestines (small and large) irrigation from the common mesenteric artery (AMCo), an arterial trunk from which AMCr and AMC originated. For 10% of the specimens, the entire intestine was vascularized only by AMCr. Along the AMCr branches, there were arched arrangements, with arches size reductionat the level of the small intestine. Therefore, B. variegatus presents anatomical variations regarding the irrigation of the intestine, which can be made from AMCr and AMC, from the AMCo arterial trunk or to a lower frequency exclusively through AMCr branches.

A preguiça-comum (Bradypus variegatus)é um mamífero pertencente à superordem Xenarthra, típica de regiões neotropicais, com distribuição geográfica de Honduras ao norte da Argentina. O estudo teve como objetivo descrever o suprimento sanguíneo do intestinodestes Bradipodídeos, com o intuito de colaborar com a clínica-cirúrgica destes animais. Neste contexto, foram utilizados dez animais pertencentes ao acervo da Área de Anatomia do Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco DMFA/UFRPE, sendo quatro fêmeas e seis machos. Os cadáveres foram formolizados e conservados em solução salina e, posteriormente, dissecados para a descrição das artérias mesentéricas cranial (AMCr) e caudal (AMC). Diante disto, observou-se que 60% das preguiças apresentaram AMCr e AMC.Enquanto que, em 30% delas, a irrigação dos intestinos (delgado e grosso) se deu a partir da artéria mesentérica comum (AMCo), um tronco arterial do qual se originaram AMCr e AMC. E em 10% dos espécimes, todo intestino foi vascularizado unicamente pela AMCr. Ao longo das ramificações de AMCr percebeu-se arranjos arqueados, com diminuição do tamanho dos arcos ao nível do intestino delgado. Portanto, B. variegatusapresenta variações anatômicas quanto a irrigação do intestino, podendo esta ser feita a partir de AMCr e AMC, do tronco arterial AMCo ou numa menor frequência através exclusivamente de ramos de AMCr.

Intestine vascularization of sloth (Bradypus variegatus SCHINZ, 1825) / Vascularização do intestino do bicho-preguiça (Bradypus variegatusSCHINZ, 1825)

Common sloth (Bradypus variegatus) is a mammal that belongs to the superorder Xenarthra, typical from neotropical regions, with geographic distribution from Honduras to northern Argentina. Our study aimed to describe the intestine blood supply of these Bradipodids in order to collaborate with the clinical-surgical for these animals. For that, ten animals, included four females and six males, were sampled from the collection of the Anatomy Division, Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco DMFA/UFRPE. Corpses received formalin, preserved in saline solution and subsequently dissected for description of the cranial (AMCr) and caudal (AMC) mesenteric arteries. Sixty percent of sloths presented AMCr and AMC, cwhile 30% of them had intestines (small and large) irrigation from the common mesenteric artery (AMCo), an arterial trunk from which AMCr and AMC originated. For 10% of the specimens, the entire intestine was vascularized only by AMCr. Along the AMCr branches, there were arched arrangements, with arches size reductionat the level of the small intestine. Therefore, B. variegatus presents anatomical variations regarding the irrigation of the intestine, which can be made from AMCr and AMC, from the AMCo arterial trunk or to a lower frequency exclusively through AMCr branches.(AU)

A preguiça-comum (Bradypus variegatus)é um mamífero pertencente à superordem Xenarthra, típica de regiões neotropicais, com distribuição geográfica de Honduras ao norte da Argentina. O estudo teve como objetivo descrever o suprimento sanguíneo do intestinodestes Bradipodídeos, com o intuito de colaborar com a clínica-cirúrgica destes animais. Neste contexto, foram utilizados dez animais pertencentes ao acervo da Área de Anatomia do Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco DMFA/UFRPE, sendo quatro fêmeas e seis machos. Os cadáveres foram formolizados e conservados em solução salina e, posteriormente, dissecados para a descrição das artérias mesentéricas cranial (AMCr) e caudal (AMC). Diante disto, observou-se que 60% das preguiças apresentaram AMCr e AMC.Enquanto que, em 30% delas, a irrigação dos intestinos (delgado e grosso) se deu a partir da artéria mesentérica comum (AMCo), um tronco arterial do qual se originaram AMCr e AMC. E em 10% dos espécimes, todo intestino foi vascularizado unicamente pela AMCr. Ao longo das ramificações de AMCr percebeu-se arranjos arqueados, com diminuição do tamanho dos arcos ao nível do intestino delgado. Portanto, B. variegatusapresenta variações anatômicas quanto a irrigação do intestino, podendo esta ser feita a partir de AMCr e AMC, do tronco arterial AMCo ou numa menor frequência através exclusivamente de ramos de AMCr.(AU)

Histopathological and immunophenotypical characterization of canine multicentric lymphoma in Brazil: a study of 203 cases / Caracterização histopatológica e imunofenotípica do linfoma multicêntrico canino no Brasil: um estudo de 203 casos

The immunophenotype is regarded as an independent prognostic factor in high-grade lymphomas, seeing that lymphomas of T-cell origin are associated with shorter survival time. Although a number of studies have evaluated the immunophenotypical profile of lymphoma in the USA and Europe, Brazilian research on the matter remains scarce. Exact characterization of the histopathological type is crucial to establish proper treatment and prognosis. This study evaluated the database of immunohistochemistry laboratories that perform immunophenotyping of canine lymphoma in Brazil. A total of 203 cases of multicentric lymphoma were classified according to the WHO classification. Immunophenotyping was able to identify 71.4% lymphomas of B-cell line, 27.1% of T-cell line and 1.5% of non-B cells and non-T cell lines. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was the most common with 59.1% of the cases. Among T-cell lymphomas, lymphoblastic was the most common (11.33% of the cases). Even though canine lymphomas tend to be high-grade, indolent lymphomas comprised 11.82% of the cases and T-zone lymphoma was the most prevalent (8.86%). The immunophenotype of multicentric lymphoma in Brazil is similar to those in other parts of the world, which suggests similar etiologic factors to the development of this disease.(AU)

O imunofenótipo é considerado um fator prognóstico independente em linfomas de alto grau, visto que os linfomas de origem de células T estão associados a menor tempo de sobrevida. Apesar de vários estudos terem avaliado o perfil imunofenotípico do linfoma nos EUA e na Europa, a pesquisa brasileira sobre o assunto ainda é escassa. A caracterização exata do tipo histopatológico é crucial para estabelecer o tratamento e o prognóstico adequados. Este estudo avaliou a base de dados de laboratórios de imuno-histoquímica que realizam imunofenotipagem do linfoma canino no Brasil. Um total de 203 casos de linfoma multicêntrico foi classificado de acordo com a classificação da OMS. A imunofenotipagem foi capaz de identificar 71,4% dos linfomas da linhagem de células B, 27,1% da linhagem de células T e 1,5% das linhagens de células não B e não T. O linfoma difuso de grandes células B foi o mais comum em 59,1% dos casos. Entre os linfomas de células T, o linfoblástico foi o mais comum (11, 33% dos casos). Embora os linfomas caninos tendam a ser de alto grau, os linfomas indolentes representaram 11,82% dos casos e o linfoma da zona T foi o mais prevalente (8,86%). O imunofenótipo do linfoma multicêntrico no Brasil é semelhante ao de outras partes do mundo, o que sugere fatores etiológicos semelhantes ao desenvolvimento dessa doença.(AU)

Histopathological and immunophenotypical characterization of canine multicentric lymphoma in Brazil: a study of 203 cases / Caracterização histopatológica e imunofenotípica do linfoma multicêntrico canino no Brasil: um estudo de 203 casos

The immunophenotype is regarded as an independent prognostic factor in high-grade lymphomas, seeing that lymphomas of T-cell origin are associated with shorter survival time. Although a number of studies have evaluated the immunophenotypical profile of lymphoma in the USA and Europe, Brazilian research on the matter remains scarce. Exact characterization of the histopathological type is crucial to establish proper treatment and prognosis. This study evaluated the database of immunohistochemistry laboratories that perform immunophenotyping of canine lymphoma in Brazil. A total of 203 cases of multicentric lymphoma were classified according to the WHO classification. Immunophenotyping was able to identify 71.4% lymphomas of B-cell line, 27.1% of T-cell line and 1.5% of non-B cells and non-T cell lines. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was the most common with 59.1% of the cases. Among T-cell lymphomas, lymphoblastic was the most common (11.33% of the cases). Even though canine lymphomas tend to be high-grade, indolent lymphomas comprised 11.82% of the cases and T-zone lymphoma was the most prevalent (8.86%). The immunophenotype of multicentric lymphoma in Brazil is similar to those in other parts of the world, which suggests similar etiologic factors to the development of this disease.(AU)

O imunofenótipo é considerado um fator prognóstico independente em linfomas de alto grau, visto que os linfomas de origem de células T estão associados a menor tempo de sobrevida. Apesar de vários estudos terem avaliado o perfil imunofenotípico do linfoma nos EUA e na Europa, a pesquisa brasileira sobre o assunto ainda é escassa. A caracterização exata do tipo histopatológico é crucial para estabelecer o tratamento e o prognóstico adequados. Este estudo avaliou a base de dados de laboratórios de imuno-histoquímica que realizam imunofenotipagem do linfoma canino no Brasil. Um total de 203 casos de linfoma multicêntrico foi classificado de acordo com a classificação da OMS. A imunofenotipagem foi capaz de identificar 71,4% dos linfomas da linhagem de células B, 27,1% da linhagem de células T e 1,5% das linhagens de células não B e não T. O linfoma difuso de grandes células B foi o mais comum em 59,1% dos casos. Entre os linfomas de células T, o linfoblástico foi o mais comum (11, 33% dos casos). Embora os linfomas caninos tendam a ser de alto grau, os linfomas indolentes representaram 11,82% dos casos e o linfoma da zona T foi o mais prevalente (8,86%). O imunofenótipo do linfoma multicêntrico no Brasil é semelhante ao de outras partes do mundo, o que sugere fatores etiológicos semelhantes ao desenvolvimento dessa doença.(AU)

Evaluation of Quality and Safety Attributes of Slaughtered Versus Dead Chicken Birds Meat

The adulteration of dead chicken meat with halal meat is a concern in Pakistan that can harm safety of meat as well as religious beliefs of the Muslims. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to evaluate slaughtering methods (Islamic and decapitation) with dead chicken meat on composition, quality and safety attributes. Purposely, (n=24) birds were slaughtered and (n=12) dead birds samples were collected and subjected to proximate, mineral and quality analysis including pH, color (L*, a*, b*), cooking loss, texture, as well as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), peroxide value (PV), haem and non-haem iron. The results indicated ash content, minerals and oxidation parameters including TBARS, PV affected significantly (p 0.05). The highest Iron (Fe) and Magnesium (Mg) levels reported in dead bird meat were 14.21±0.99 and 959.62±2.11 whereas, the lowest in halal slaughtered birds meat were 10.09±1.10 and 870.48±2.11, respectively. However, Manganese (Mn) was only detected in halal slaughtered bird meat. Likewise, pH of dead chicken meat was lowest among treatments however, L* was highest in halal slaughtered bird meat. Additionally, the lowest lipid oxidation and haem iron values reported in halal slaughtered meat were 0.32±0.02 and 2.32±0.21, lower than in decapitated and dead bird meat. Our findings draw lines between slaughtering methods and mineral analysis could be used for the differentiation of halal slaughtered meats with dead chicken meat.(AU)

Evaluation of Quality and Safety Attributes of Slaughtered Versus Dead Chicken Birds Meat

The adulteration of dead chicken meat with halal meat is a concern in Pakistan that can harm safety of meat as well as religious beliefs of the Muslims. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to evaluate slaughtering methods (Islamic and decapitation) with dead chicken meat on composition, quality and safety attributes. Purposely, (n=24) birds were slaughtered and (n=12) dead birds samples were collected and subjected to proximate, mineral and quality analysis including pH, color (L*, a*, b*), cooking loss, texture, as well as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), peroxide value (PV), haem and non-haem iron. The results indicated ash content, minerals and oxidation parameters including TBARS, PV affected significantly (p 0.05). The highest Iron (Fe) and Magnesium (Mg) levels reported in dead bird meat were 14.21±0.99 and 959.62±2.11 whereas, the lowest in halal slaughtered birds meat were 10.09±1.10 and 870.48±2.11, respectively. However, Manganese (Mn) was only detected in halal slaughtered bird meat. Likewise, pH of dead chicken meat was lowest among treatments however, L* was highest in halal slaughtered bird meat. Additionally, the lowest lipid oxidation and haem iron values reported in halal slaughtered meat were 0.32±0.02 and 2.32±0.21, lower than in decapitated and dead bird meat. Our findings draw lines between slaughtering methods and mineral analysis could be used for the differentiation of halal slaughtered meats with dead chicken meat.

Antiproliferative activity of essential oils from three plants of the Brazilian Cerrado: Campomanesia adamantium (Myrtaceae), Protium ovatum (Burseraceae) and Cardiopetalum calophyllum (Annonaceae)

Essential oils, which may be extracted from several parts of plants, have different biological activities. The Brazilian Cerrado has a large variety of plants that yield essential oils, even though many have not been studied yet. Taking into account the biodiversity of this biome, this study aimed at evaluating the antiproliferative activity of essential oils extracted from three species of plants of the Cerrado in Goiás state: Campomanesia adamantium (Cambess.) O. Berg, Protium ovatum (Engl. in Mart.) and Cardiopetalum calophyllum (Schltdl.). Essential oils were extracted from both C. adamantium and C. calophyllum leaves and from P. ovatum leaves and green fruits by hydrodistillation carried out by a Clevenger-type apparatus. The chemical composition of the essential oils was determined by Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The following major chemical constituents were identified in the essential oils under investigation: -myrcene (62.00%), spathulenol (28.78%), germacrene-B (18.27%), -caryophyllene oxide (16.40%), -caryophyllene (14.00%), -pinene (11.30%), viridiflorol (9.99%), limonene (7.30%) and (Z,E)-pharnesol (6.51%). The antiproliferative activity was evaluated in different human tumor cell lines: breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa) and glioblastoma (M059J). A normal human cell line was included (GM07492A, lung fibroblasts). Results showed that essential oils from C. adamantium leaves got the lowest values of IC50 in all strains of tumor cells under evaluation. They were significantly lower than the ones of the normal cell line, an evidence of selectivity. It is worth mentioning that this is the first report of the antiproliferative activity of essential oils from C. adamantium , P. ovatum and C. calophyllum against human tumor cells.(AU)

Os óleos essenciais podem ser extraídos de várias partes das plantas e apresentam diversas atividades biológicas. O Cerrado brasileiro possui uma grande variedade de plantas produtoras de óleos essenciais muitas delas ainda não estudadas. Levando-se em consideração a biodiversidade desse bioma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade antiproliferativa dos óleos essenciais extraídos de três espécies de plantas ocorrentes no Cerrado do estado de Goiás: Campomanesia adamantium (Cambess.) O. Berg, Protium ovatum (Engl. in Mart.) e Cardiopetalum calophyllum (Schltdl.). Os óleos essenciais foram obtidos das folhas de C. adamantium e C. calophyllum e das folhas e frutos verdes de P. ovatum por hidrodestilação, usando o aparelho do tipo Clevenger. A composição química dos óleos essenciais foi determinada pelo método de Cromatografia Gasosa acoplada à Espectrometria de Massas (CG-EM). Os constituintes químicos majoritários identificados nos óleos essenciais estudados foram: -mirceno (62,00%), espatulenol (28,78%), germacreno-B (18,27%), óxido de -cariofileno (16,40%), -cariofileno (14,00%), -pineno (11,30%), viridiflorol (9,99%), limoneno (7,30%) e (Z,E)-farnesol (6,51%). A atividade antiproliferativa foi avaliada em diferentes linhagens de células tumorais humanas: adenocarcinoma de mama (MCF-7), adenocarcinoma cervical (HeLa) e gliobastoma (M059J), além de, uma linhagem celular humana normal (GM07492A, fibroblastos pulmonares). O óleo essencial das folhas de C. adamantium exibiu menores valores de CI50 em todas as linhagens celulares tumorais avaliadas, sendo menores que aquele obtido na linhagem celular normal, indicando seletividade. Este é o primeiro relato da atividade antiproliferativa dos óleos essenciais de C. adamantium , P. ovatum e C. calophyllum contra células tumorais humanas.(AU)

Biological activities of marine invertebrates extracts from the northeast brazilian coast / Atividades biológicas de extratos de invertebrados marinhos da costa nordeste do Brasil

This paper reports the in vitro antiproliferative effects, antiprotozoal, anti-herpes and antimicrobial activities of 32 organic extracts of 14 marine sponges and 14 corals collected in northeast Brazilian coast. The ethanolic extracts of the sponges Amphimedon compressa and Tedania ignis, and the acetone extract of Dysidea sp. showed relevant results concerning the antiproliferative effects against A549, HCT-8, and PC-3 cell lines by sulforhodamine B assay, but also low specificity. Concerning the antiprotozoal screening, the ethanolic extract of Amphimedon compressa and the acetone and ethanolic extracts of Dysidea sp. were the most active against Leishmania amazonensis and Trypanosoma cruzi expressing -galactosidase in THP-1 cells. In the preliminary anti-HSV-1 (KOS strain) screening, the ethanolic extracts of the sponges Amphimedon compressa, Haliclona sp. and Chondrosia collectrix inhibited viral replication by more than 50%. The most promising anti-herpes results were observed for the ethanolic extract of Haliclona sp. showing high selective indices against HSV-1, KOS and 29R strains (SI> 50 and >79, respectively), and HSV-2, 333 strain (IS>108). The results of the antibacterial screening indicated that only the ethanolic extract of Amphimedon compressa exhibited a weak activity against Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli by the disk diffusion method. In view of these results, the extracts of Amphimedon compressa, Tedania ignis and Dysidea sp. were selected for further studies aiming the isolation and identification of the bioactive compounds with antiproliferative and/or antiprotozoal activities. The relevant anti-herpes activity of the ethanolic extract of Haliclona sp. also deserves special attention, and will be further investigated.(AU)

Este artigo reporta as atividades in vitro antiproliferativa, atiprotozoárica, anti-herpética e antimicrobiana de 32 extratos orgânicos provenientes de 14 esponjas marinhas e 14 corais coletados no litoral nordestino brasileiro. Os extratos etanólicos das esponjas Amphimedon compressa e Tedania ignis, e o extrato acetônico de Dysidea sp. demonstraram resultados promissores em relação aos efeitos antiproliferativos frente as linhagens celulares A549, HCT-8, PC-3 pelo método da sulforrodamina B, mas sem especificidade. Em relação à atividade antiprotozárica, os extratos etanólico de Amphimedon compressa e acetônico e etanólico de Dysidea sp. apresentaram atividade contra Leishmania amazonensis e Trypanosoma cruzi através do método de expressão de -galactosidase em células THP-1. Na investigação preliminar de atividade antiviral frente ao vírus Herpes simplex tipo 1 (cepa KOS), os extratos etanólicos das esponjas Amphimedon compressa, Haliclona sp. e Chondrosia collectrix inibiram mais de 50% da replicação viral. O extrato etanólico da esponja Haliclona sp. demonstrou resultados promissores para atividade anti-herpética com altos índices de seletividade para as cepas KOS (IS >50) e 29R (IS>79) frente ao VHS-1 e cepa 333 (IS>108) frente ao VHS-2. O extrato etanólico da esponja Amphimedon compressa exibiu uma pequena atividade contra Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli pelo método de difusão em disco. De acordo com os resultados apresentados, os extratos das esponjas Amphimedon compressa, Tedania ignis e Dysidea sp. serão selecionados para futuros estudos de isolamento e identificação dos compostos bioativos para as atividades antiproliferativa e antiprozoárica. O extrato etanólico de Haliclona sp. será investigado por possuir atividade relevante anti-herpética.(AU)

Biological activities of marine invertebrates extracts from the northeast brazilian coast

Abstract This paper reports the in vitro antiproliferative effects, antiprotozoal, anti-herpes and antimicrobial activities of 32 organic extracts of 14 marine sponges and 14 corals collected in northeast Brazilian coast. The ethanolic extracts of the sponges Amphimedon compressa and Tedania ignis, and the acetone extract of Dysidea sp. showed relevant results concerning the antiproliferative effects against A549, HCT-8, and PC-3 cell lines by sulforhodamine B assay, but also low specificity. Concerning the antiprotozoal screening, the ethanolic extract of Amphimedon compressa and the acetone and ethanolic extracts of Dysidea sp. were the most active against Leishmania amazonensis and Trypanosoma cruzi expressing -galactosidase in THP-1 cells. In the preliminary anti-HSV-1 (KOS strain) screening, the ethanolic extracts of the sponges Amphimedon compressa, Haliclona sp. and Chondrosia collectrix inhibited viral replication by more than 50%. The most promising anti-herpes results were observed for the ethanolic extract of Haliclona sp. showing high selective indices against HSV-1, KOS and 29R strains (SI> 50 and >79, respectively), and HSV-2, 333 strain (IS>108). The results of the antibacterial screening indicated that only the ethanolic extract of Amphimedon compressa exhibited a weak activity against Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli by the disk diffusion method. In view of these results, the extracts of Amphimedon compressa, Tedania ignis and Dysidea sp. were selected for further studies aiming the isolation and identification of the bioactive compounds with antiproliferative and/or antiprotozoal activities. The relevant anti-herpes activity of the ethanolic extract of Haliclona sp. also deserves special attention, and will be further investigated.

Resumo Este artigo reporta as atividades in vitro antiproliferativa, atiprotozoárica, anti-herpética e antimicrobiana de 32 extratos orgânicos provenientes de 14 esponjas marinhas e 14 corais coletados no litoral nordestino brasileiro. Os extratos etanólicos das esponjas Amphimedon compressa e Tedania ignis, e o extrato acetônico de Dysidea sp. demonstraram resultados promissores em relação aos efeitos antiproliferativos frente as linhagens celulares A549, HCT-8, PC-3 pelo método da sulforrodamina B, mas sem especificidade. Em relação à atividade antiprotozárica, os extratos etanólico de Amphimedon compressa e acetônico e etanólico de Dysidea sp. apresentaram atividade contra Leishmania amazonensis e Trypanosoma cruzi através do método de expressão de -galactosidase em células THP-1. Na investigação preliminar de atividade antiviral frente ao vírus Herpes simplex tipo 1 (cepa KOS), os extratos etanólicos das esponjas Amphimedon compressa, Haliclona sp. e Chondrosia collectrix inibiram mais de 50% da replicação viral. O extrato etanólico da esponja Haliclona sp. demonstrou resultados promissores para atividade anti-herpética com altos índices de seletividade para as cepas KOS (IS >50) e 29R (IS>79) frente ao VHS-1 e cepa 333 (IS>108) frente ao VHS-2. O extrato etanólico da esponja Amphimedon compressa exibiu uma pequena atividade contra Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli pelo método de difusão em disco. De acordo com os resultados apresentados, os extratos das esponjas Amphimedon compressa, Tedania ignis e Dysidea sp. serão selecionados para futuros estudos de isolamento e identificação dos compostos bioativos para as atividades antiproliferativa e antiprozoárica. O extrato etanólico de Haliclona sp. será investigado por possuir atividade relevante anti-herpética.

Antiproliferative activity of essential oils from three plants of the Brazilian Cerrado: Campomanesia adamantium (Myrtaceae), Protium ovatum (Burseraceae) and Cardiopetalum calophyllum (Annonaceae)

Abstract Essential oils, which may be extracted from several parts of plants, have different biological activities. The Brazilian Cerrado has a large variety of plants that yield essential oils, even though many have not been studied yet. Taking into account the biodiversity of this biome, this study aimed at evaluating the antiproliferative activity of essential oils extracted from three species of plants of the Cerrado in Goiás state: Campomanesia adamantium (Cambess.) O. Berg, Protium ovatum (Engl. in Mart.) and Cardiopetalum calophyllum (Schltdl.). Essential oils were extracted from both C. adamantium and C. calophyllum leaves and from P. ovatum leaves and green fruits by hydrodistillation carried out by a Clevenger-type apparatus. The chemical composition of the essential oils was determined by Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The following major chemical constituents were identified in the essential oils under investigation: -myrcene (62.00%), spathulenol (28.78%), germacrene-B (18.27%), -caryophyllene oxide (16.40%), -caryophyllene (14.00%), -pinene (11.30%), viridiflorol (9.99%), limonene (7.30%) and (Z,E)-pharnesol (6.51%). The antiproliferative activity was evaluated in different human tumor cell lines: breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa) and glioblastoma (M059J). A normal human cell line was included (GM07492A, lung fibroblasts). Results showed that essential oils from C. adamantium leaves got the lowest values of IC50 in all strains of tumor cells under evaluation. They were significantly lower than the ones of the normal cell line, an evidence of selectivity. It is worth mentioning that this is the first report of the antiproliferative activity of essential oils from C. adamantium , P. ovatum and C. calophyllum against human tumor cells.

Resumo Os óleos essenciais podem ser extraídos de várias partes das plantas e apresentam diversas atividades biológicas. O Cerrado brasileiro possui uma grande variedade de plantas produtoras de óleos essenciais muitas delas ainda não estudadas. Levando-se em consideração a biodiversidade desse bioma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade antiproliferativa dos óleos essenciais extraídos de três espécies de plantas ocorrentes no Cerrado do estado de Goiás: Campomanesia adamantium (Cambess.) O. Berg, Protium ovatum (Engl. in Mart.) e Cardiopetalum calophyllum (Schltdl.). Os óleos essenciais foram obtidos das folhas de C. adamantium e C. calophyllum e das folhas e frutos verdes de P. ovatum por hidrodestilação, usando o aparelho do tipo Clevenger. A composição química dos óleos essenciais foi determinada pelo método de Cromatografia Gasosa acoplada à Espectrometria de Massas (CG-EM). Os constituintes químicos majoritários identificados nos óleos essenciais estudados foram: -mirceno (62,00%), espatulenol (28,78%), germacreno-B (18,27%), óxido de -cariofileno (16,40%), -cariofileno (14,00%), -pineno (11,30%), viridiflorol (9,99%), limoneno (7,30%) e (Z,E)-farnesol (6,51%). A atividade antiproliferativa foi avaliada em diferentes linhagens de células tumorais humanas: adenocarcinoma de mama (MCF-7), adenocarcinoma cervical (HeLa) e gliobastoma (M059J), além de, uma linhagem celular humana normal (GM07492A, fibroblastos pulmonares). O óleo essencial das folhas de C. adamantium exibiu menores valores de CI50 em todas as linhagens celulares tumorais avaliadas, sendo menores que aquele obtido na linhagem celular normal, indicando seletividade. Este é o primeiro relato da atividade antiproliferativa dos óleos essenciais de C. adamantium , P. ovatum e C. calophyllum contra células tumorais humanas.

Potential of Baccharis alnifolia Meyen & Walpan (Chilka) from northern Chile used as a medicinal infusion / Potencial de Baccharis alnifolia Meyen & Walpan (Chilka) do norte do Chile usado como infusão medicinal

Baccharis alnifolia Meyen & Walp. is a native and medicinal, Chilean Altiplano herb that is used as a poultice and also consumed as an infusion to relieve inflammation. This study evaluated the antioxidant and cytotoxic effect of the ethanolic extract of B. alnifolia and their infusion. It was reported that the ethanol extract contains 4.42 mg GAE/g of dry weight and the infusion contains 35.86 mg GAE/L of total polyphenols. Also, it determined the antioxidant capacity using Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay. Moreover, seven metabolites including between phenolic acids and flavonoids were identified for the first time in both extracts of the medicinal plant Baccharis alnifolia. The UHPLC-DAD chromatograms revealed the majority presence of ferulic acid and luteolin, both could be responsible for the antioxidant and cytotoxic activity. Furthermore, we realized a preliminary screening of cytotoxicity in different tumor cell lines, finding that these extracts have cytotoxic potential on kidney cells.(AU)

Baccharis alnifolia Meyen & Walp. é uma erva altiplana nativa e medicinal, chilena que é usada como cataplasma e também consumida como uma infusão para aliviar a inflamação. Este estudo avaliou o efeito antioxidante e citotóxico do extrato etanólico de B. alnifolia e sua infusão. Verificou-se que o extrato etanólico contém 4,42 mg GAE / g de peso seco e a infusão contém 35,86 mg GAE / L de polifenóis totais. Além disso, determinou a capacidade antioxidante utilizando o poder antioxidante redutor de Fração (FRAP), Capacidade de Absorção Radical de Oxigênio (ORAC) e capacidade antioxidante equivalente de Trolox (TEAC). Além disso, sete metabólitos, entre ácidos fenólicos e flavonóides, foram identificados pela primeira vez em ambos os extratos da planta medicinal Baccharis alnifolia. Os cromatogramas UHPLC-DAD revelaram a presença majoritária de ácido ferúlico e luteolina, ambos podendo ser responsáveis pela atividade antioxidante e citotóxica. Além disso, realizamos uma triagem preliminar da citotoxicidade em diferentes linhagens de células tumorais, descobrindo que esses extratos têm potencial citotóxico nas células renais.(AU)

Ultrasound evaluation of lung fields in healthy dogs: scanning technic and aspects of normality / Avaliação ultrassonográfica dos campos pulmonares de cães sadios: técnica de varredura e aspectos da normalidade

Background: The ultrasound exam has always played a secondary role in pulmonary imaging, with its applicability restricted in emergency care to screen for pleural and/or pericardial effusion, pneumothorax and pulmonary contusion. The recognition of different reverberating artifacts arising from the normal aerated lungs (A lines) and in the presence of lungs with interstitial and/or alveolar infiltrates (B lines) led to wider application of the technique in patients with respiratory syndrome. The objective of this study was to describe the ultrasound imaging methodology and the aspects of the pleura, pleural space and lung fields in healthy dogs.Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty healthy dogs of different breeds and ages, males and females were evaluated in this study; good health status was confirmed by physical examination, electro and echocardiographic assessment, thoracic radiography and systemic arterial blood pressure measurements. Dogs were scanned by a single examiner experienced in diagnostic imaging and previously trained for 6 months in thoracic ultrasound image interpretation. A MyLab 40 with a microconvex multifrequency probe (5-8 MHz) was used in this study. Evaluation was performed in an orthopneic position (standing or sternal recumbecy) under manual containment. Ultrasound examinations were based on the VetBLUE (Veterinary Bedside Lung Ultrasound Exam) protocol. Lung fields were regionally scanned at the 2nd-3rd, 4-5th, 6-7th and 8-9th intercostal spaces in the right and left hemithorax. A subxiphoid window was added to screen for free fluid in the pleural space and/or pericardial sac. Pleural sliding and A lines, that are hyperechoic parallel equidistant lines arising from the visceral pleura-lung interface could be easily seen at all intercostal spaces in all dogs in this sample, with more difficult visualization at the 2nd-3rd intercostal space. B lines were observed in seven out of twenty dogs (35%).[...]