Bat species diversity from Reserva Ecológica de Guapiaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: a compilation of two decades of sampling

Reserva Ecológica de Guapiaçu (REGUA) is a private, protected area inside a remnant of the Atlantic Forest with high biodiversity. Although the bats of the reserve have been sampled for more than two decades, few studies have been published about them. Based on a compilation of data from several surveys, we present an updated list of the bat species there and compare it with surveys from other locations in the Atlantic Forest. From August 1998 to September 2021, at least 194 sampling nights were carried out at REGUA by different research groups from various institutions, totaling 448,092 m2.h of sampling. A total of 4,069 individuals were captured, belonging to 47 species and six families. Additionally, our results indicate that it is possible that some species that occur at REGUA have not been recorded yet. REGUA has the greatest number of bat species known for the Atlantic Forest. This most likely results from the fact that the reserve includes large areas of mature, continuous forest connected with other protected areas in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Another factor contributing to the high diversity of bat species at REGUA is that the area has been intensely sampled for many years. Given that the bat assemblage there appears to be a good proxy to ascertain the ecological patterns of biodiversity in well-preserved forests, we consider REGUA to be an important area for long-term ecological research. The basic knowledge about the ecological interactions of bats with different food resources and zoonotic microorganisms offers a unique opportunity to carry out research in several areas of knowledge, making it possible to address questions about bat assemblage structure, bat-parasite ecology, competition, niche partitioning, and other related studies.

Small mammal diversity in Semi-deciduous Seasonal Forest of the southernmost Brazilian Pampa: the importance of owl pellets for rapid inventories in human-changing ecosystems

The Pampa biogeographic province covers a mere 2% of the Brazilian territory (176,496 km²). However, it stands out as a complex and diverse ecosystem, although its mammal communities are still scarcely understood. Human activities are transforming the territory into a mosaic of agroecosystems, native and exotic forest fragments, and grasslands. Here we conducted the first investigation to determine the richness of small mammal assemblages in the region based on extensive analyses of owl pellets (Tyto furcata). Craniodental remains were studied from samples collected from 12 Semi-deciduous Seasonal Forest sites in the municipality of São Lourenço do Sul, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil. A total of 2,617 individuals belonging to 18 taxa were recorded, including 2 marsupials (Didelphidae; 0.42%), 2 chiropterans (Molossidae, Phyllostomidae; 0.12%), and 14 rodents (Cricetidae, Muridae, Caviidae; 99.46%). The rodent genera Oligoryzomys, Mus, Calomys, and Akodon were the most common taxa. Large samples also included poorly known taxa, such as the cricetids Bibimys, Juliomys (recording here its southernmost occurrence), Lundomys, and Wilfredomys. From a biogeographical point of view, the recorded assemblage embraces a mixture of Platan, Pampean, and Atlantic Forest elements, highlighting the role of the southernmost Brazilian hills as a wedge favoring the penetration of forest micromammals to higher latitudes. Our findings testify to the great diversity of the Pampa, but also point to a growing homogeneity and dominance of rodent species that are widespread in agroecosystems. Rapid inventories based on owl pellets emerge as a suitable, economic, non-invasive tool to document these community changes.

Small mammal diversity in Semi-deciduous Seasonal Forest of the southernmost Brazilian Pampa: the importance of owl pellets for rapid inventories in human-changing ecosystems

The Pampa biogeographic province covers a mere 2% of the Brazilian territory (176,496 km²). However, it stands out as a complex and diverse ecosystem, although its mammal communities are still scarcely understood. Human activities are transforming the territory into a mosaic of agroecosystems, native and exotic forest fragments, and grasslands. Here we conducted the first investigation to determine the richness of small mammal assemblages in the region based on extensive analyses of owl pellets (Tyto furcata). Craniodental remains were studied from samples collected from 12 Semi-deciduous Seasonal Forest sites in the municipality of São Lourenço do Sul, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil. A total of 2,617 individuals belonging to 18 taxa were recorded, including 2 marsupials (Didelphidae; 0.42%), 2 chiropterans (Molossidae, Phyllostomidae; 0.12%), and 14 rodents (Cricetidae, Muridae, Caviidae; 99.46%). The rodent genera Oligoryzomys, Mus, Calomys, and Akodon were the most common taxa. Large samples also included poorly known taxa, such as the cricetids Bibimys, Juliomys (recording here its southernmost occurrence), Lundomys, and Wilfredomys. From a biogeographical point of view, the recorded assemblage embraces a mixture of Platan, Pampean, and Atlantic Forest elements, highlighting the role of the southernmost Brazilian hills as a wedge favoring the penetration of forest micromammals to higher latitudes. Our findings testify to the great diversity of the Pampa, but also point to a growing homogeneity and dominance of rodent species that are widespread in agroecosystems. Rapid inventories based on owl pellets emerge as a suitable, economic, non-invasive tool to document these community changes.(AU)

The phyllostomid bat (Mammalia, Chiroptera) assemblage in a fragmented landscape in Midwestern Brazil

ABSTRACT Bats are the second largest order of mammals, with varying feeding habits and great ecological significance. Anthropization has several important effects on animal communities and the Brazilian Cerrado, a Neotropical savannah, has been severely affected by human activity. The objective of this study was to evaluate phyllostomid bat assemblage distributions in the different landscape formations of a modified savannah. Using mist nets, we performed 36 sampling nights between 2015 and 2016. The sampling effort was 23,328 m².h and was equally distributed over three landscape formations: a large fragment, riparian forest, and small fragments. We compared capture rates, richness, diversity, similarity, and feeding guilds for the three formations. We captured 418 bats of 12 species belonging to the family Phyllostomidae. The most abundant species was Artibeus planirostris (Spix, 1823) (n = 126). We found no significant differences in capture rate or diversity between the areas, but there were differences in feeding guild representation. Frugivores species were the most abundant in the three areas. No gleaning insectivore or carnivore species were captured in the small fragments, and the large fragment contained no hematophages. The large fragment and the small fragments had the greatest similarity whereas the riparian forest and small fragments had the least similarity.

RESUMO Os morcegos são a segunda maior ordem de mamíferos, com diversos hábitos alimentares e grande importância ecológica. A antropização possui diversos efeitos nas comunidades animais e o Cerrado Brasileiro, uma savana neotropical, tem sido severamente afetada pela atividade humana. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a distribuição da assembleia de morcegos filostomídeos nas diferentes formações de paisagem de uma savana modificada. Utilizando redes de neblina, nós realizamos 36 noites de amostragem entre 2015 e 2016. O esforço amostral foi de 23.238 m².h igualmente distribuído entre três formações de paisagem: um fragmento grande, mata ciliar e pequenos fragmentos. Nós comparamos a taxa de captura, riqueza, diversidade, similaridade e guildas alimentares para as três formações. Foram capturados 418 morcegos de 12 espécies da família Phyllostomidae. A espécie mais abundante foi Artibeus planirostris (Spix, 1823) (n = 126). Nós não encontramos diferenças significativas na taxa de captura ou diversidade entre as áreas, mas houve diferenças na representatividade das guildas alimentares. As espécies frugívoras foram as mais abundantes nas três áreas. Não houve capturas de espécies insetívoras catadoras ou carnívoras nos pequenos fragmentos e de hematófagos no fragmento grande. O fragmento grande e os pequenos tiveram a maior similaridade entre as formações, enquanto a mata ciliar e os fragmentos pequenos tiveram a menor similaridade.

The phyllostomid bat (Mammalia, Chiroptera) assemblage in a fragmented landscape in Midwestern Brazil / Assembleia de morcegos filostomídeos (Mammalia: Chiroptera) em uma paisagem modificada no Centro-Oeste do Brasil

Bats are the second largest order of mammals, with varying feeding habits and great ecological significance. Anthropization has several important effects on animal communities and the Brazilian Cerrado, a Neotropical savannah, has been severely affected by human activity. The objective of this study was to evaluate phyllostomid bat assemblage distributions in the different landscape formations of a modified savannah. Using mist nets, we performed 36 sampling nights between 2015 and 2016. The sampling effort was 23,328 m².h and was equally distributed over three landscape formations: a large fragment, riparian forest, and small fragments. We compared capture rates, richness, diversity, similarity, and feeding guilds for the three formations. We captured 418 bats of 12 species belonging to the family Phyllostomidae. The most abundant species was Artibeus planirostris (Spix, 1823) (n = 126). We found no significant differences in capture rate or diversity between the areas, but there were differences in feeding guild representation. Frugivores species were the most abundant in the three areas. No gleaning insectivore or carnivore species were captured in the small fragments, and the large fragment contained no hematophages. The large fragment and the small fragments had the greatest similarity whereas the riparian forest and small fragments had the least similarity.(AU)

Os morcegos são a segunda maior ordem de mamíferos, com diversos hábitos alimentares e grande importância ecológica. A antropização possui diversos efeitos nas comunidades animais e o Cerrado Brasileiro, uma savana neotropical, tem sido severamente afetada pela atividade humana. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a distribuição da assembleia de morcegos filostomídeos nas diferentes formações de paisagem de uma savana modificada. Utilizando redes de neblina, nós realizamos 36 noites de amostragem entre 2015 e 2016. O esforço amostral foi de 23.238 m².h igualmente distribuído entre três formações de paisagem: um fragmento grande, mata ciliar e pequenos fragmentos. Nós comparamos a taxa de captura, riqueza, diversidade, similaridade e guildas alimentares para as três formações. Foram capturados 418 morcegos de 12 espécies da família Phyllostomidae. A espécie mais abundante foi Artibeus planirostris (Spix, 1823) (n = 126). Nós não encontramos diferenças significativas na taxa de captura ou diversidade entre as áreas, mas houve diferenças na representatividade das guildas alimentares. As espécies frugívoras foram as mais abundantes nas três áreas. Não houve capturas de espécies insetívoras catadoras ou carnívoras nos pequenos fragmentos e de hematófagos no fragmento grande. O fragmento grande e os pequenos tiveram a maior similaridade entre as formações, enquanto a mata ciliar e os fragmentos pequenos tiveram a menor similaridade.(AU)

The phyllostomid bat (Mammalia, Chiroptera) assemblage in a fragmented landscape in Midwestern Brazil

Bats are the second largest order of mammals, with varying feeding habits and great ecological significance. Anthropization has several important effects on animal communities and the Brazilian Cerrado, a Neotropical savannah, has been severely affected by human activity. The objective of this study was to evaluate phyllostomid bat assemblage distributions in the different landscape formations of a modified savannah. Using mist nets, we performed 36 sampling nights between 2015 and 2016. The sampling effort was 23,328 m².h and was equally distributed over three landscape formations: a large fragment, riparian forest, and small fragments. We compared capture rates, richness, diversity, similarity, and feeding guilds for the three formations. We captured 418 bats of 12 species belonging to the family Phyllostomidae. The most abundant species was Artibeus planirostris (Spix, 1823) (n = 126). We found no significant differences in capture rate or diversity between the areas, but there were differences in feeding guild representation. Frugivores species were the most abundant in the three areas. No gleaning insectivore or carnivore species were captured in the small fragments, and the large fragment contained no hematophages. The large fragment and the small fragments had the greatest similarity whereas the riparian forest and small fragments had the least similarity.(AU)

Os morcegos são a segunda maior ordem de mamíferos, com diversos hábitos alimentares e grande importância ecológica. A antropização possui diversos efeitos nas comunidades animais e o Cerrado Brasileiro, uma savana neotropical, tem sido severamente afetada pela atividade humana. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a distribuição da assembleia de morcegos filostomídeos nas diferentes formações de paisagem de uma savana modificada. Utilizando redes de neblina, nós realizamos 36 noites de amostragem entre 2015 e 2016. O esforço amostral foi de 23.238 m².h igualmente distribuído entre três formações de paisagem: um fragmento grande, mata ciliar e pequenos fragmentos. Nós comparamos a taxa de captura, riqueza, diversidade, similaridade e guildas alimentares para as três formações. Foram capturados 418 morcegos de 12 espécies da família Phyllostomidae. A espécie mais abundante foi Artibeus planirostris (Spix, 1823) (n = 126). Nós não encontramos diferenças significativas na taxa de captura ou diversidade entre as áreas, mas houve diferenças na representatividade das guildas alimentares. As espécies frugívoras foram as mais abundantes nas três áreas. Não houve capturas de espécies insetívoras catadoras ou carnívoras nos pequenos fragmentos e de hematófagos no fragmento grande. O fragmento grande e os pequenos tiveram a maior similaridade entre as formações, enquanto a mata ciliar e os fragmentos pequenos tiveram a menor similaridade.(AU)

The phyllostomid bat (Mammalia, Chiroptera) assemblage in a fragmented landscape in Midwestern Brazil

Bats are the second largest order of mammals, with varying feeding habits and great ecological significance. Anthropization has several important effects on animal communities and the Brazilian Cerrado, a Neotropical savannah, has been severely affected by human activity. The objective of this study was to evaluate phyllostomid bat assemblage distributions in the different landscape formations of a modified savannah. Using mist nets, we performed 36 sampling nights between 2015 and 2016. The sampling effort was 23,328 m².h and was equally distributed over three landscape formations: a large fragment, riparian forest, and small fragments. We compared capture rates, richness, diversity, similarity, and feeding guilds for the three formations. We captured 418 bats of 12 species belonging to the family Phyllostomidae. The most abundant species was Artibeus planirostris (Spix, 1823) (n = 126). We found no significant differences in capture rate or diversity between the areas, but there were differences in feeding guild representation. Frugivores species were the most abundant in the three areas. No gleaning insectivore or carnivore species were captured in the small fragments, and the large fragment contained no hematophages. The large fragment and the small fragments had the greatest similarity whereas the riparian forest and small fragments had the least similarity.

Os morcegos são a segunda maior ordem de mamíferos, com diversos hábitos alimentares e grande importância ecológica. A antropização possui diversos efeitos nas comunidades animais e o Cerrado Brasileiro, uma savana neotropical, tem sido severamente afetada pela atividade humana. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a distribuição da assembleia de morcegos filostomídeos nas diferentes formações de paisagem de uma savana modificada. Utilizando redes de neblina, nós realizamos 36 noites de amostragem entre 2015 e 2016. O esforço amostral foi de 23.238 m².h igualmente distribuído entre três formações de paisagem: um fragmento grande, mata ciliar e pequenos fragmentos. Nós comparamos a taxa de captura, riqueza, diversidade, similaridade e guildas alimentares para as três formações. Foram capturados 418 morcegos de 12 espécies da família Phyllostomidae. A espécie mais abundante foi Artibeus planirostris (Spix, 1823) (n = 126). Nós não encontramos diferenças significativas na taxa de captura ou diversidade entre as áreas, mas houve diferenças na representatividade das guildas alimentares. As espécies frugívoras foram as mais abundantes nas três áreas. Não houve capturas de espécies insetívoras catadoras ou carnívoras nos pequenos fragmentos e de hematófagos no fragmento grande. O fragmento grande e os pequenos tiveram a maior similaridade entre as formações, enquanto a mata ciliar e os fragmentos pequenos tiveram a menor similaridade.

Bats in settlements from an atlantic forest area in northeastern brazil

ABSTRACT Bats are key components of ecological networks, and studies in degraded areas are especially important to understand the impact of the human settlements on bats communities. Here, we surveyed the bat fauna in Guaribas Biological Reserve, a protected area in the Atlantic Forest in Paraiba state, northeastern Brazil, and compared it with the bat fauna that occupies the nearby villages. In the villages, we recorded 650 individuals from 14 species, while 1,127 individuals from 20 species were recorded in the Reserve. Diversity estimation pointed out 19 species for the settlements, and 22 for the Reserve. A Bray-Curtis/Sorensen similarity cluster analysis informed that the Reserve areas and the villages form two distinct groups. Additionally, a Wilcox test pointed out that both areas have significantly distinct abundances and species richnesses. Only a subset of the assemblage, mainly formed by generalist or opportunist species, occupies the villages, exploring resources that are offered by human activities.

RESUMO Morcegos são integrantes importantes de redes ecológicas, e estudos em áreas degradadas são especialmente importantes para entender o impacto das ocupações humanas em taxocenoses de morcegos. Foi amostrada a fauna de morcegos da Reserva Biológica Guaribas, uma área de Floresta Atlântica protegida no estado da Paraíba, nordeste do Brasil, e comparada com a fauna encontrada em vilas próximas. Nas vilas, 650 morcegos de 14 espécies foram registrados; na reserva, 1.127 de 20 espécies. Estimações de diversidade preveem 19 espécies para as vilas, e 22 para a reserva. Uma análise de similaridade de Sorensen/Bray-Curtis informou que a as áreas da reserva e as vilas formam dois grupos distintos. O teste de Wilcoxon apontou que ambas as áreas têm diferenças significativas de abundância e riqueza. Apenas um subgrupo da taxocenose total, formado por espécies generalistas ou oportunistas, ocupa as vilas, explorando recursos disponibilizados pelas atividades humanas.

BATS IN SETTLEMENTS FROM AN ATLANTIC FOREST AREA IN NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL

ABSTRACT Bats are key components of ecological networks, and studies in degraded areas are especially important to understand the impact of the human settlements on bats communities. Here, we surveyed the bat fauna in Guaribas Biological Reserve, a protected area in the Atlantic Forest in Paraiba state, northeastern Brazil, and compared it with the bat fauna that occupies the nearby villages. In the villages, we recorded 650 individuals from 14 species, while 1,127 individuals from 20 species were recorded in the Reserve. Diversity estimation pointed out 19 species for the settlements, and 22 for the Reserve. A Bray-Curtis/Sorensen similarity cluster analysis informed that the Reserve areas and the villages form two distinct groups. Additionally, a Wilcox test pointed out that both areas have significantly distinct abundances and species richnesses. Only a subset of the assemblage, mainly formed by generalist or opportunist species, occupies the villages, exploring resources that are offered by human activities.

RESUMO Morcegos são integrantes importantes de redes ecológicas, e estudos em áreas degradadas são especialmente importantes para entender o impacto das ocupações humanas em taxocenoses de morcegos. Foi amostrada a fauna de morcegos da Reserva Biológica Guaribas, uma área de Floresta Atlântica protegida no estado da Paraíba, nordeste do Brasil, e comparada com a fauna encontrada em vilas próximas. Nas vilas, 650 morcegos de 14 espécies foram registrados; na reserva, 1.127 de 20 espécies. Estimações de diversidade preveem 19 espécies para as vilas, e 22 para a reserva. Uma análise de similaridade de Sorensen/Bray-Curtis informou que a as áreas da reserva e as vilas formam dois grupos distintos. O teste de Wilcoxon apontou que ambas as áreas têm diferenças significativas de abundância e riqueza. Apenas um subgrupo da taxocenose total, formado por espécies generalistas ou oportunistas, ocupa as vilas, explorando recursos disponibilizados pelas atividades humanas.

Ectoparasitic flies (Diptera, Streblidae) on bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) in a dry tropical forest in the northern Colombia

This work represents the first report of host-parasite associations between flies of the family Streblidae and their host bats in the Colombian Caribbean region. Specimens were collected in a dry tropical forest in the Sucre department. A total of 17 species (eight genera) of Streblidae, as well as 19 species from five bat families were recorded. Strebla mirabilis, Trichobius costalimai, Trichobius parasiticus and Paradyschiria parvuloides were the most abundant ectoparasites. Prevalence of ectoparasites on bat assemblage was 48.57%. In nine bat species, more than one Streblidae species were recorded. Trichobius costalimai had the greatest number of host species. We have found remarkable new associations between Artibeus planirostris and Trichobius costalimai, Lophostoma silvicolum and Strebla mirabilis, as well as Lophostoma silvicolum and Trichobius parasiticus.

Este trabajo constituye el primer registro de las relaciones de parasitismo entre moscas Streblidae y murciélagos en la región Caribe colombiana. Los especímenes se capturaron en un bosque seco tropical del departamento de Sucre. Se registraron 17 especies de ocho géneros de Streblidae y 19 especies pertenecientes a cinco familias de murciélagos. Strebla mirabilis, Trichobius costalimai, Trichobius parasiticus y Paradyschiria parvuloides fueron los ectoparásitos más abundantes. La prevalencia de ectoparásitos sobre el ensamblaje de murciélagos fue del 48,57%. En nueve especies de murciélagos se encontró más de una especie de Streblidae. Trichobius costalimai fue la que presentó el mayor número de especies huéspedes. Resaltan por ser novedosas las asociaciones entre Artibeus planirostris-Trichobius costalimai, Lophostoma silvicolum-Strebla mirabilis y Lophostoma silvicolum-Trichobius parasiticus.

Ectoparasitic flies (Diptera, Streblidae) on bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) in a dry tropical forest in the northern Colombia

This work represents the first report of host-parasite associations between flies of the family Streblidae and their host bats in the Colombian Caribbean region. Specimens were collected in a dry tropical forest in the Sucre department. A total of 17 species (eight genera) of Streblidae, as well as 19 species from five bat families were recorded. Strebla mirabilis, Trichobius costalimai, Trichobius parasiticus and Paradyschiria parvuloides were the most abundant ectoparasites. Prevalence of ectoparasites on bat assemblage was 48.57%. In nine bat species, more than one Streblidae species were recorded. Trichobius costalimai had the greatest number of host species. We have found remarkable new associations between Artibeus planirostris and Trichobius costalimai, Lophostoma silvicolum and Strebla mirabilis, as well as Lophostoma silvicolum and Trichobius parasiticus.(AU)

Este trabajo constituye el primer registro de las relaciones de parasitismo entre moscas Streblidae y murciélagos en la región Caribe colombiana. Los especímenes se capturaron en un bosque seco tropical del departamento de Sucre. Se registraron 17 especies de ocho géneros de Streblidae y 19 especies pertenecientes a cinco familias de murciélagos. Strebla mirabilis, Trichobius costalimai, Trichobius parasiticus y Paradyschiria parvuloides fueron los ectoparásitos más abundantes. La prevalencia de ectoparásitos sobre el ensamblaje de murciélagos fue del 48,57%. En nueve especies de murciélagos se encontró más de una especie de Streblidae. Trichobius costalimai fue la que presentó el mayor número de especies huéspedes. Resaltan por ser novedosas las asociaciones entre Artibeus planirostris-Trichobius costalimai, Lophostoma silvicolum-Strebla mirabilis y Lophostoma silvicolum-Trichobius parasiticus.(AU)

Ectoparasitic flies (diptera, streblidae) on bats (mammalia, chiroptera) in a dry tropical forest in the northern colombia

RESUMEN Este trabajo constituye el primer registro de las relaciones de parasitismo entre moscas Streblidae y murciélagos en la región Caribe colombiana. Los especímenes se capturaron en un bosque seco tropical del departamento de Sucre. Se registraron 17 especies de ocho géneros de Streblidae y 19 especies pertenecientes a cinco familias de murciélagos. Strebla mirabilis, Trichobius costalimai, Trichobius parasiticus y Paradyschiria parvuloides fueron los ectoparásitos más abundantes. La prevalencia de ectoparásitos sobre el ensamblaje de murciélagos fue del 48,57%. En nueve especies de murciélagos se encontró más de una especie de Streblidae. Trichobius costalimai fue la que presentó el mayor número de especies huéspedes. Resaltan por ser novedosas las asociaciones entre Artibeus planirostris-Trichobius costalimai, Lophostoma silvicolum-Strebla mirabilis y Lophostoma silvicolum-Trichobius parasiticus.

ABSTRACT This work represents the first report of host-parasite associations between flies of the family Streblidae and their host bats in the Colombian Caribbean region. Specimens were collected in a dry tropical forest in the Sucre department. A total of 17 species (eight genera) of Streblidae, as well as 19 species from five bat families were recorded. Strebla mirabilis, Trichobius costalimai, Trichobius parasiticus and Paradyschiria parvuloides were the most abundant ectoparasites. Prevalence of ectoparasites on bat assemblage was 48.57%. In nine bat species, more than one Streblidae species were recorded. Trichobius costalimai had the greatest number of host species. We have found remarkable new associations between Artibeus planirostris and Trichobius costalimai, Lophostoma silvicolum and Strebla mirabilis, as well as Lophostoma silvicolum and Trichobius parasiticus.

ECTOPARASITIC FLIES (DIPTERA, STREBLIDAE) ON BATS (MAMMALIA, CHIROPTERA) IN A DRY TROPICAL FOREST IN THE NORTHERN COLOMBIA

RESUMEN Este trabajo constituye el primer registro de las relaciones de parasitismo entre moscas Streblidae y murciélagos en la región Caribe colombiana. Los especímenes se capturaron en un bosque seco tropical del departamento de Sucre. Se registraron 17 especies de ocho géneros de Streblidae y 19 especies pertenecientes a cinco familias de murciélagos. Strebla mirabilis, Trichobius costalimai, Trichobius parasiticus y Paradyschiria parvuloides fueron los ectoparásitos más abundantes. La prevalencia de ectoparásitos sobre el ensamblaje de murciélagos fue del 48,57%. En nueve especies de murciélagos se encontró más de una especie de Streblidae. Trichobius costalimai fue la que presentó el mayor número de especies huéspedes. Resaltan por ser novedosas las asociaciones entre Artibeus planirostris-Trichobius costalimai, Lophostoma silvicolum-Strebla mirabilis y Lophostoma silvicolum-Trichobius parasiticus.

ABSTRACT This work represents the first report of host-parasite associations between flies of the family Streblidae and their host bats in the Colombian Caribbean region. Specimens were collected in a dry tropical forest in the Sucre department. A total of 17 species (eight genera) of Streblidae, as well as 19 species from five bat families were recorded. Strebla mirabilis, Trichobius costalimai, Trichobius parasiticus and Paradyschiria parvuloides were the most abundant ectoparasites. Prevalence of ectoparasites on bat assemblage was 48.57%. In nine bat species, more than one Streblidae species were recorded. Trichobius costalimai had the greatest number of host species. We have found remarkable new associations between Artibeus planirostris and Trichobius costalimai, Lophostoma silvicolum and Strebla mirabilis, as well as Lophostoma silvicolum and Trichobius parasiticus.

Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from a remnant of Atlantic Forest in Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil / Morcegos (Mammalia: Chiroptera) de um remanescente de Mata Atlântica em Pernambuco, Nordeste do Brasil

The RPPN Carnijó (08° 07’ 07” S, 35° 05’ 32” N) is a 25 hectare fragment of Atlantic Forest located in the municipality of Moreno, Pernambuco. Bats were sampled at this site during a total of 19 months between 2006 and 2008. Four mist-nets were set for six hours each night along trails, the forest edge, natural clearings, and over watercourses, while roosts were located during daytime searches. A total of 518 specimens were captured during 43 nights, representing 20 species in 16 genera. Total species richness was estimated to be 25.7 ± 2.0, and diversity was H’ = 2.07. The family Phyllostomidae predominated, with 98% (N = 509) of the specimens captured. The species recorded represent 28% of the known chiropteran fauna of the state of Pernambuco. The results indicate that the reserve may play a fundamentally important role in the maintenance of local biodiversity by acting as a “stepping stone” linking the larger fragments within the local landscape.

A RPPN Carnijó (08° 07’ 07” S, 35° 05’ 32” N) é um fragmento de Mata Atlântica de 25 hectares localizado no município de Moreno, Pernambuco. Os morcegos foram amostrados durante 19 meses, entre 2006 e 2008. Quatro redes de neblina foram armadas por seis horas em cada noite em trilhas no interior da área florestada, na borda, em clareiras naturais e próximas a córregos e alagados. Buscas por abrigos foram realizadas durante o dia. Um total de 518 espécimes foram capturados em 43 noites de amostragem, representando 20 espécies de 16 gêneros. A riqueza foi estimada em 25,7 ± 2,0 e a diversidade foi H’ = 2,07. A família Phyllostomidae predominou com 98% (N = 509) das espécies capturadas. As espécies registradas no presente estudo representam 28% da quiropterofauna conhecida para o estado de Pernambuco. Os resultados indicam que a RPPN Carnijó pode desempenhar um importante papel na manutenção da biodiversidade local atuando como “trampolim ecológico” na paisagem local.

Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from a remnant of Atlantic Forest in Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil / Morcegos (Mammalia: Chiroptera) de um remanescente de Mata Atlântica em Pernambuco, Nordeste do Brasil

The RPPN Carnijó (08° 07 07” S, 35° 05 32” N) is a 25 hectare fragment of Atlantic Forest located in the municipality of Moreno, Pernambuco. Bats were sampled at this site during a total of 19 months between 2006 and 2008. Four mist-nets were set for six hours each night along trails, the forest edge, natural clearings, and over watercourses, while roosts were located during daytime searches. A total of 518 specimens were captured during 43 nights, representing 20 species in 16 genera. Total species richness was estimated to be 25.7 ± 2.0, and diversity was H = 2.07. The family Phyllostomidae predominated, with 98% (N = 509) of the specimens captured. The species recorded represent 28% of the known chiropteran fauna of the state of Pernambuco. The results indicate that the reserve may play a fundamentally important role in the maintenance of local biodiversity by acting as a “stepping stone” linking the larger fragments within the local landscape.(AU)

A RPPN Carnijó (08° 07 07” S, 35° 05 32” N) é um fragmento de Mata Atlântica de 25 hectares localizado no município de Moreno, Pernambuco. Os morcegos foram amostrados durante 19 meses, entre 2006 e 2008. Quatro redes de neblina foram armadas por seis horas em cada noite em trilhas no interior da área florestada, na borda, em clareiras naturais e próximas a córregos e alagados. Buscas por abrigos foram realizadas durante o dia. Um total de 518 espécimes foram capturados em 43 noites de amostragem, representando 20 espécies de 16 gêneros. A riqueza foi estimada em 25,7 ± 2,0 e a diversidade foi H = 2,07. A família Phyllostomidae predominou com 98% (N = 509) das espécies capturadas. As espécies registradas no presente estudo representam 28% da quiropterofauna conhecida para o estado de Pernambuco. Os resultados indicam que a RPPN Carnijó pode desempenhar um importante papel na manutenção da biodiversidade local atuando como “trampolim ecológico” na paisagem local.(AU)

Bats in settlements from an Atlantic Forest area in northeastern Brazil

Bats are key components of ecological networks, and studies in degraded areas are especially important to understand the impact of the human settlements on bats communities. Here, we surveyed the bat fauna in Guaribas Biological Reserve, a protected area in the Atlantic Forest in Paraiba state, northeastern Brazil, and compared it with the bat fauna that occupies the nearby villages. In the villages, we recorded 650 individuals from 14 species, while 1,127 individuals from 20 species were recorded in the Reserve. Diversity estimation pointed out 19 species for the settlements, and 22 for the Reserve. A Bray-Curtis/Sorensen similarity cluster analysis informed that the Reserve areas and the villages form two distinct groups. Additionally, a Wilcox test pointed out that both areas have significantly distinct abundances and species richnesses. Only a subset of the assemblage, mainly formed by generalist or opportunist species, occupies the villages, exploring resources that are offered by human activities.

Morcegos são integrantes importantes de redes ecológicas, e estudos em áreas degradadas são especialmente importantes para entender o impacto das ocupações humanas em taxocenoses de morcegos. Foi amostrada a fauna de morcegos da Reserva Biológica Guaribas, uma área de Floresta Atlântica protegida no estado da Paraíba, nordeste do Brasil, e comparada com a fauna encontrada em vilas próximas. Nas vilas, 650 morcegos de 14 espécies foram registrados; na reserva, 1.127 de 20 espécies. Estimações de diversidade preveem 19 espécies para as vilas, e 22 para a reserva. Uma análise de similaridade de Sorensen/Bray-Curtis informou que a as áreas da reserva e as vilas formam dois grupos distintos. O teste de Wilcoxon apontou que ambas as áreas têm diferenças significativas de abundância e riqueza. Apenas um subgrupo da taxocenose total, formado por espécies generalistas ou oportunistas, ocupa as vilas, explorando recursos disponibilizados pelas atividades humanas.

Bats in settlements from an Atlantic Forest area in northeastern Brazil

Bats are key components of ecological networks, and studies in degraded areas are especially important to understand the impact of the human settlements on bats communities. Here, we surveyed the bat fauna in Guaribas Biological Reserve, a protected area in the Atlantic Forest in Paraiba state, northeastern Brazil, and compared it with the bat fauna that occupies the nearby villages. In the villages, we recorded 650 individuals from 14 species, while 1,127 individuals from 20 species were recorded in the Reserve. Diversity estimation pointed out 19 species for the settlements, and 22 for the Reserve. A Bray-Curtis/Sorensen similarity cluster analysis informed that the Reserve areas and the villages form two distinct groups. Additionally, a Wilcox test pointed out that both areas have significantly distinct abundances and species richnesses. Only a subset of the assemblage, mainly formed by generalist or opportunist species, occupies the villages, exploring resources that are offered by human activities.(AU)

Morcegos são integrantes importantes de redes ecológicas, e estudos em áreas degradadas são especialmente importantes para entender o impacto das ocupações humanas em taxocenoses de morcegos. Foi amostrada a fauna de morcegos da Reserva Biológica Guaribas, uma área de Floresta Atlântica protegida no estado da Paraíba, nordeste do Brasil, e comparada com a fauna encontrada em vilas próximas. Nas vilas, 650 morcegos de 14 espécies foram registrados; na reserva, 1.127 de 20 espécies. Estimações de diversidade preveem 19 espécies para as vilas, e 22 para a reserva. Uma análise de similaridade de Sorensen/Bray-Curtis informou que a as áreas da reserva e as vilas formam dois grupos distintos. O teste de Wilcoxon apontou que ambas as áreas têm diferenças significativas de abundância e riqueza. Apenas um subgrupo da taxocenose total, formado por espécies generalistas ou oportunistas, ocupa as vilas, explorando recursos disponibilizados pelas atividades humanas.(AU)

Phyllostomidae assemblage (Chiroptera: Mammalia) in altitudinal forests at the Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca, Southeast of Minas Gerais, Brazil / Assembleia de Phyllostomidae (Chiroptera: Mammalia) em florestas altitudinais no Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca, sudeste de Minas Gerais, Brasil

Many studies have demonstrated the ecological relevance and great biodiversity of bats in Brazil. However, mountainous areas have been disproportionately less sampled, mainly in the Southeast. The aim of this study was to identify and compare the richness and diversity of Phyllostomidae, the most diverse bat family, in different forest types in Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca, trying to understand the causes of possible differences. The Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca is inserted in the Serra da Mantiqueira's domain, in an Atlantic Forest region known as "Zona da Mata", state of Minas Gerais, with an altitudinal range between 1200-1784 meters. The study was conducted in two forest types, classified as "Nanofloresta Nebular" and "Floresta Nebular", whose respective data on richness and diversity were compared. The bats were captured with 8-10 mist nets for 14 months (April 2011 to May 2012) and four nights per month totaling 62,171.25 m2h of capture effort. A total of 392 captures (12 species) belonging to the Phyllostomidae family were obtained. The most abundant species were Sturnira lilium (59.9%), Platyrrhinus lineatus (11.3%), Artibeus lituratus (8.7%) and Carollia perspicillata (7.6%). The two sampled areas presented differences in bat richness, diversity and species composition, and this difference was predominantly influenced by S. lilium. It is likely that the observed difference in the assembly of bats between the two study sites depends on the variation in floristic composition. The records of A. lituratus and P. lineatus in a few months of the year and close to Ficus mexiae bearing ripe fruits suggests that at least these species move to the park for a few periods of the year in search of food resources, possibly moving through the altitudinal landscapes.(AU)

Muitos trabalhos têm demonstrado a relevância ecológica e a grande diversidade de morcegos no Brasil. Contudo, áreas montanhosas têm sido desproporcionalmente menos amostradas, principalmente na Região Sudeste. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi inventariar e comparar a riqueza e diversidade de morcegos Phyllostomidae, a mais diversa família de morcegos, em diferentes formações florestais no Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca, buscando compreender as causas das possíveis diferenças encontradas. O Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca está inserido nos domínios da Serra da Mantiqueira, em área de Mata Atlântica, na Zona da Mata do estado de Minas Gerais, cujas altitudes variam de 1.200 a 1.784 metros. O estudo foi conduzido em dois tipos de florestas, classificadas como "Nanofloresta Nebular" e "Floresta Nebular", cujos respectivos dados sobre riqueza e diversidade foram comparados. Os morcegos foram capturados com 8-10 redes de neblina por 14 meses (entre abril de 2011 a maio de 2012) e 4 noites por mês, totalizando 62.171,25 m2h de esforço de captura. Foram obtidas um total de 392 capturas (12 espécies) pertencentes à família Phyllostomidae. As espécies mais abundantes foram Sturnira lilium (59,9%), Platyrrhinus lineatus (11,3%), Artibeus lituratus (8,7%) e Carollia perspicillata (7,6%). As duas áreas amostradas apresentaram diferenças relacionadas à riqueza, diversidade e composição de espécies de morcegos, sendo esta diferença influenciada predominantemente por S. lilium. É provável que as diferenças observadas na assembleia de morcegos entre as duas áreas amostradas apresentem alguma relação com a variação na composição florística. O registro de A. lituratus e P. lineatus em poucos meses do ano e próximo a Ficus mexiae em frutificação sugere que pelo menos estas espécies se deslocam para o parque durante alguns períodos do ano em busca de recursos alimentares, possivelmente movendo-se através das variações altitudinais da paisagem.(AU)

Phyllostomidae assemblage (Chiroptera: Mammalia) in altitudinal forests at the Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca, Southeast of Minas Gerais, Brazil / Assembleia de Phyllostomidae (Chiroptera: Mammalia) em florestas altitudinais no Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca, sudeste de Minas Gerais, Brasil

Many studies have demonstrated the ecological relevance and great biodiversity of bats in Brazil. However, mountainous areas have been disproportionately less sampled, mainly in the Southeast. The aim of this study was to identify and compare the richness and diversity of Phyllostomidae, the most diverse bat family, in different forest types in Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca, trying to understand the causes of possible differences. The Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca is inserted in the Serra da Mantiqueira's domain, in an Atlantic Forest region known as "Zona da Mata", state of Minas Gerais, with an altitudinal range between 1200-1784 meters. The study was conducted in two forest types, classified as "Nanofloresta Nebular" and "Floresta Nebular", whose respective data on richness and diversity were compared. The bats were captured with 8-10 mist nets for 14 months (April 2011 to May 2012) and four nights per month totaling 62,171.25 m2h of capture effort. A total of 392 captures (12 species) belonging to the Phyllostomidae family were obtained. The most abundant species were Sturnira lilium (59.9%), Platyrrhinus lineatus (11.3%), Artibeus lituratus (8.7%) and Carollia perspicillata (7.6%). The two sampled areas presented differences in bat richness, diversity and species composition, and this difference was predominantly influenced by S. lilium. It is likely that the observed difference in the assembly of bats between the two study sites depends on the variation in floristic composition. The records of A. lituratus and P. lineatus in a few months of the year and close to Ficus mexiae bearing ripe fruits suggests that at least these species move to the park for a few periods of the year in search of food resources, possibly moving through the altitudinal landscapes.

Muitos trabalhos têm demonstrado a relevância ecológica e a grande diversidade de morcegos no Brasil. Contudo, áreas montanhosas têm sido desproporcionalmente menos amostradas, principalmente na Região Sudeste. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi inventariar e comparar a riqueza e diversidade de morcegos Phyllostomidae, a mais diversa família de morcegos, em diferentes formações florestais no Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca, buscando compreender as causas das possíveis diferenças encontradas. O Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca está inserido nos domínios da Serra da Mantiqueira, em área de Mata Atlântica, na Zona da Mata do estado de Minas Gerais, cujas altitudes variam de 1.200 a 1.784 metros. O estudo foi conduzido em dois tipos de florestas, classificadas como "Nanofloresta Nebular" e "Floresta Nebular", cujos respectivos dados sobre riqueza e diversidade foram comparados. Os morcegos foram capturados com 8-10 redes de neblina por 14 meses (entre abril de 2011 a maio de 2012) e 4 noites por mês, totalizando 62.171,25 m2h de esforço de captura. Foram obtidas um total de 392 capturas (12 espécies) pertencentes à família Phyllostomidae. As espécies mais abundantes foram Sturnira lilium (59,9%), Platyrrhinus lineatus (11,3%), Artibeus lituratus (8,7%) e Carollia perspicillata (7,6%). As duas áreas amostradas apresentaram diferenças relacionadas à riqueza, diversidade e composição de espécies de morcegos, sendo esta diferença influenciada predominantemente por S. lilium. É provável que as diferenças observadas na assembleia de morcegos entre as duas áreas amostradas apresentem alguma relação com a variação na composição florística. O registro de A. lituratus e P. lineatus em poucos meses do ano e próximo a Ficus mexiae em frutificação sugere que pelo menos estas espécies se deslocam para o parque durante alguns períodos do ano em busca de recursos alimentares, possivelmente movendo-se através das variações altitudinais da paisagem.

Phyllostomidae assemblage (Chiroptera: Mammalia) in altitudinal forests at the Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca, Southeast of Minas Gerais, Brazil

ABSTRACT Many studies have demonstrated the ecological relevance and great biodiversity of bats in Brazil. However, mountainous areas have been disproportionately less sampled, mainly in the Southeast. The aim of this study was to identify and compare the richness and diversity of Phyllostomidae, the most diverse bat family, in different forest types in Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca, trying to understand the causes of possible differences. The Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca is inserted in the Serra da Mantiqueira's domain, in an Atlantic Forest region known as "Zona da Mata", state of Minas Gerais, with an altitudinal range between 1200-1784 meters. The study was conducted in two forest types, classified as "Nanofloresta Nebular" and "Floresta Nebular", whose respective data on richness and diversity were compared. The bats were captured with 8-10 mist nets for 14 months (April 2011 to May 2012) and four nights per month totaling 62,171.25 m2h of capture effort. A total of 392 captures (12 species) belonging to the Phyllostomidae family were obtained. The most abundant species were Sturnira lilium (59.9%), Platyrrhinus lineatus (11.3%), Artibeus lituratus (8.7%) and Carollia perspicillata (7.6%). The two sampled areas presented differences in bat richness, diversity and species composition, and this difference was predominantly influenced by S. lilium. It is likely that the observed difference in the assembly of bats between the two study sites depends on the variation in floristic composition. The records of A. lituratus and P. lineatus in a few months of the year and close to Ficus mexiae bearing ripe fruits suggests that at least these species move to the park for a few periods of the year in search of food resources, possibly moving through the altitudinal landscapes.

RESUMO Muitos trabalhos têm demonstrado a relevância ecológica e a grande diversidade de morcegos no Brasil. Contudo, áreas montanhosas têm sido desproporcionalmente menos amostradas, principalmente na Região Sudeste. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi inventariar e comparar a riqueza e diversidade de morcegos Phyllostomidae, a mais diversa família de morcegos, em diferentes formações florestais no Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca, buscando compreender as causas das possíveis diferenças encontradas. O Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca está inserido nos domínios da Serra da Mantiqueira, em área de Mata Atlântica, na Zona da Mata do estado de Minas Gerais, cujas altitudes variam de 1.200 a 1.784 metros. O estudo foi conduzido em dois tipos de florestas, classificadas como "Nanofloresta Nebular" e "Floresta Nebular", cujos respectivos dados sobre riqueza e diversidade foram comparados. Os morcegos foram capturados com 8-10 redes de neblina por 14 meses (entre abril de 2011 a maio de 2012) e 4 noites por mês, totalizando 62.171,25 m2h de esforço de captura. Foram obtidas um total de 392 capturas (12 espécies) pertencentes à família Phyllostomidae. As espécies mais abundantes foram Sturnira lilium (59,9%), Platyrrhinus lineatus (11,3%), Artibeus lituratus (8,7%) e Carollia perspicillata (7,6%). As duas áreas amostradas apresentaram diferenças relacionadas à riqueza, diversidade e composição de espécies de morcegos, sendo esta diferença influenciada predominantemente por S. lilium. É provável que as diferenças observadas na assembleia de morcegos entre as duas áreas amostradas apresentem alguma relação com a variação na composição florística. O registro de A. lituratus e P. lineatus em poucos meses do ano e próximo a Ficus mexiae em frutificação sugere que pelo menos estas espécies se deslocam para o parque durante alguns períodos do ano em busca de recursos alimentares, possivelmente movendo-se através das variações altitudinais da paisagem.