Resumo
O óleo da semente de moringa tem recebido atenção mundial devido às suas características nutricionais, composição físico-química, estabilidade oxidativa e compostos bioativos, além de ser promotor de saúde e promissor para ser utilizado nas rações de frangos de corte. Diante disso, objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a composição física, química, nutricional, parâmetros bioquímicos e o potencial antimicrobiano in vitro do óleo da semente de moringa e seus efeitos sobre os parâmetros de desempenho, rendimento, qualidade da carne, bioquímica sérica, pesos dos órgãos e morfologia intestinal de frangos de corte. Foram utilizados 360 frangos de corte machos da linhagem Cobb 500, no período de 1 a 21 dias, distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos de seis repetições com 10 frangos. Foram formuladas seis dietas, sendo uma ração denominada controle negativo (0,05% de inerte) e a outra denominada controle positivo (0,05% de bacitracina de zinco), e as demais rações com inclusões de 0,25%, 0,50%, 0,75% e 1% de óleo da semente de moringa (OSM), extraído a frio, com 74,93% de ácido oleico, 0,74mg/100 ml de cálcio, 0,25 mg/100ml de magnésio e 0,33mg/100ml de potássio, 0,57% de proteína, 44,45% extrato etéreo, com a presença de , - tocoferóis e contendo 9.652,96 kcal/g de energia bruta. Para o potencial antibacteriano in vitro do óleo não foi observado ação para as bactérias Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella enterite. O nível de 0,5% do óleo diferiu significativamente das rações- controle, apresentando um melhor resultado para o ganho de peso e rendimento de carcaça, que não diferiu quanto ao rendimento dos cortes e diferiu quanto ao rendimento das vísceras, como fígado e moela, que apresentaram resultados mais satisfatórios para os controles. Com relação ao pH da carcaça fria, observou-se que o tratamento de 0,75% OSM apresentou resultado significativo com relação ao controle positivo, e quanto ao parâmetro de luminosidade (L*) da carne observou-se que todos os tratamentos diferiram significativamente do controle negativo. Para os parâmetros bioquímicos foi constatado que o colesterol total (1% OSM), lipoproteína de alta densidade (0,25% OSM) e lipoproteína de baixa densidade (0,50% OSM) diferiram significativamente, apresentando valores superiores ao controle negativo; e alanina aminotransferase, em que todos os níveis apresentaram resultados menores do que o controle negativo, enquanto os triglicerídeos totais e a enzima aspartato aminotransferase não diferiram. Com relação aos parâmetros histomorfométricos analisados nos segmentos do intestino delgado, precisamente o duodeno, para a altura de vilo (AV), constatou-se que o nível de 0,75% apresentou diferenças tanto para ração sem adição de aditivo (com inerte) quanto para a dieta-controle positiva com a adição antibiótico (bacitracina). Foi observado, também, efeito para o comprimento de mucosa (CM) ao nível de 0,25% OSM. O jejuno, por sua vez, o nível de 1% OSM apresentou os melhores resultados para a altura de vilo (AV), diferindo das rações-controle e para relação altura de vilo: profundidade de cripta (V:L), comprimento de mucosa (CM), diferindo da ração controle positiva, enquanto para o íleo não foram observadas diferenças para os parâmetros estudados. Estimou-se, também, os níveis ótimos do OSM para os parâmetros de desempenho, rendimento de vísceras, bioquímica sérica, histomorfometria instestinal. Contudo, os níveis de 0,5% e 1% fornecem subsídios para o potencial uso do óleo da semente de moringa na alimentação de frangos de corte, devido ao sinergismo entre o aporte de ácidos graxos monoinsaturados e a presença de tocoferóis sobre a produtividade e os parâmetros histomorfométricos, respectivamente, sendo uma alternativa promissora na alimentação animal.
Moringa seed oil has received worldwide attention due to its nutritional characteristics, physicochemical composition, oxidative stability and bioactive compounds. Health promoter and promising to be used in diets for broilers. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the physical, chemical, nutritional composition, biochemical parameters and the in vitro antimicrobial potential of moringa seed oil and its effects on performance parameters, yield, meat quality, serum biochemistry, organ weights and intestinal morphology of broilers. A total of 360 male broilers of the Cobb 500 strain were used from 1 to 21 days, distributed in a completely randomized design with 6 treatments of 6 replications with 10 chickens. Six diets were formulated, one ration called negative control (0.05% inert) and the other called positive control (0.05% zinc bacitracin). And the other diets with inclusions of 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75% and 1% of moringa seed oil (OSM). Cold extracted OSM has 74.93% oleic acid, 0.74mg/100ml calcium, 0.25mg/100ml magnesium and 0.33mg/100ml potassium, 0.57% protein, 44.45% ether extract, with the presence of , -tocopherols and containing 9,652.96 kcal/g of gross energy. For the in vitro antibacterial potential of the oil, no action was observed for the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella enteritis The level of 0.5% of the oil differed significantly from the control diets, showing a better result for the weight gain and carcass yield, which did not differ in terms of the yield of cuts and differed in terms of the yield of viscera such as liver and gizzard, which presented more satisfactory results for the controls. Regarding the pH of the cold carcass, it was observed that the treatment of 0.75% OSM presented a significant result in relation to the positive control and regarding the parameter of luminosity (L*) of the meat, it was observed that all treatments differed significantly of the negative control. For the biochemical parameters, it was found that total cholesterol (1% OSM), high-density lipoprotein (0.25%OSM), low-density lipoprotein (0.50% OSM) differed significantly, presenting values higher than the negative control and alanine aminotransferase all levels showed lower results than the negative control. While total triglycerides and aspartate aminotransferase enzyme did not differ. Regarding the histomorphometric parameters analyzed in the segments of the small intestine, precisely the duodenum, for villus height (AV) it was found that the level of 0.75% showed differences both for ration without additive addition (with inert) and for positive control diet with the addition of antibiotic (bacitracin). An effect was also observed for the length of the mucosa (MC) at the level of 0.25% OSM. The jejunum, in turn, the level of 1% OSM presented the best results for the villus height (AV), differing from the control rations and for the villus height: crypt depth (V:L), mucosa length ( CM), differing from the positive control diet, while for the ileum no differences were observed for the parameters studied. The optimal levels of OSM were also estimated for performance parameters, viscera yield, serum biochemistry, intestinal histomorphometry. However, the levels of 0.5% and 1% provide subsidies for the potential use of moringa seed oil in the diet of broilers, due to the synergism between the supply of monounsaturated fatty acids and the presence of tocopherols on productivity and the histomorphometric parameters, respectively, being a promising alternative in animal feed.
Resumo
The aim of the present study was to determine whether dietary Bacillus subtilis natto could affect growth performance of Muscovy ducks. A total of 120 hundred Muscovy ducks at the age of 1 day were randomly assigned to four groups (30 Muscovy ducks/group), and fed with diets supplemented with 0% (control group), 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.4% Bacillus subtilis natto, respectively during the 6-week feeding period. Weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion efficiency of Muscovy ducks were significantly improved by the dietary addition of Bacillus subtilis natto, and the results were more significant in 0.4% dietary Bacillus subtilis natto treatment group; Also, Bacillus subtilis natto reduced Escherichia coli and Salmonella colonies, and increased lactobacilli population in the ileum and the cecum. Biochemical parameters, including total protein, GOT (glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase), GPT (glutamic pyruvic transaminase), AKP (alkaline phosphatase), triiodothyronine (T3) and tetraiodothyronine (T4) contents (pBacillus subtilis natto was added to the diets (p 0.05), and improved duodenum and immune functions. However, the results above were not significantly different between birds fed 0.1% Bacillus subtilis natto supplemented diets and the control group (p>0.05). The results of the present study indicate that diets with 0.4% Bacillus subtilis natto improved the growth performance of Muscovy ducks by increasing the absorption of protein, simulating hormone secretion, suppressing harmful microflora, and improving the duodenal structure and immune functions of Muscovy ducks. It is suggested that Bacillus subtilis natto is a potential candidate to be used use as a probiotic to improve the growth performance of Muscovy ducks.
Resumo
The aim of the present study was to determine whether dietary Bacillus subtilis natto could affect growth performance of Muscovy ducks. A total of 120 hundred Muscovy ducks at the age of 1 day were randomly assigned to four groups (30 Muscovy ducks/group), and fed with diets supplemented with 0% (control group), 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.4% Bacillus subtilis natto, respectively during the 6-week feeding period. Weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion efficiency of Muscovy ducks were significantly improved by the dietary addition of Bacillus subtilis natto, and the results were more significant in 0.4% dietary Bacillus subtilis natto treatment group; Also, Bacillus subtilis natto reduced Escherichia coli and Salmonella colonies, and increased lactobacilli population in the ileum and the cecum. Biochemical parameters, including total protein, GOT (glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase), GPT (glutamic pyruvic transaminase), AKP (alkaline phosphatase), triiodothyronine (T3) and tetraiodothyronine (T4) contents (pBacillus subtilis natto was added to the diets (p 0.05), and improved duodenum and immune functions. However, the results above were not significantly different between birds fed 0.1% Bacillus subtilis natto supplemented diets and the control group (p>0.05). The results of the present study indicate that diets with 0.4% Bacillus subtilis natto improved the growth performance of Muscovy ducks by increasing the absorption of protein, simulating hormone secretion, suppressing harmful microflora, and improving the duodenal structure and immune functions of Muscovy ducks. It is suggested that Bacillus subtilis natto is a potential candidate to be used use as a probiotic to improve the growth performance of Muscovy ducks.
Assuntos
Animais , Bacillus subtilis/patogenicidade , Patos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Patos/microbiologiaResumo
The aim of the present study was to determine whether dietary Bacillus subtilis natto could affect growth performance of Muscovy ducks. A total of 120 hundred Muscovy ducks at the age of 1 day were randomly assigned to four groups (30 Muscovy ducks/group), and fed with diets supplemented with 0% (control group), 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.4% Bacillus subtilis natto, respectively during the 6-week feeding period. Weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion efficiency of Muscovy ducks were significantly improved by the dietary addition of Bacillus subtilis natto, and the results were more significant in 0.4% dietary Bacillus subtilis natto treatment group; Also, Bacillus subtilis natto reduced Escherichia coli and Salmonella colonies, and increased lactobacilli population in the ileum and the cecum. Biochemical parameters, including total protein, GOT (glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase), GPT (glutamic pyruvic transaminase), AKP (alkaline phosphatase), triiodothyronine (T3) and tetraiodothyronine (T4) contents (pBacillus subtilis natto was added to the diets (p 0.05), and improved duodenum and immune functions. However, the results above were not significantly different between birds fed 0.1% Bacillus subtilis natto supplemented diets and the control group (p>0.05). The results of the present study indicate that diets with 0.4% Bacillus subtilis natto improved the growth performance of Muscovy ducks by increasing the absorption of protein, simulating hormone secretion, suppressing harmful microflora, and improving the duodenal structure and immune functions of Muscovy ducks. It is suggested that Bacillus subtilis natto is a potential candidate to be used use as a probiotic to improve the growth performance of Muscovy ducks.(AU)