Occurrence of injuries related to handling in carcasses of beef cattle slaughtered in a slaughterhouse located in the northwest region of the state of São Paulo / Ocorrência de lesões relacionadas ao manejo em carcaças de bovinos de corte abatidos em abatedouro frigorífico localizado na região noroeste do estado de São Paulo

This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of injuries in bovine carcasses slaughtered the northwest of São Paulo, through the quantification of the number of these injuries and their location in the main Brazilian commercial courts. Five ranchers were randomly selected, differentiated by the acronyms PEC A (rancher A), PEC B (rancher B), PEC C (rancher C), PEC D (rancher D) and PEC E (rancher E), which totaled 333 evaluated carcasses. The results showed that the majority of the slaughtered animals were of the Nellore breed and females of different age groups. There was a variation in the fasting period and water diet established for the animals, with the PEC C being the shortest period and in the others the variation was 10 to 16 hours. As for the injuries, it was possible to observe that the greater the distance covered, the greater the percentage of injuries in the half carcasses, with the rear quarter being more affected, especially the thigh, followed by the rump. Factors such as age and duration of transport positively influenced the percentage of injuries and even with the intense discussions and quality programs aimed at the application of animal welfare, the bovine half carcasses analyzed in the present study showed a high incidence of injuries.

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a ocorrência de lesões em carcaças bovinas abatidas no Noroeste paulista, por meio da determinação do número destas lesões e sua localização nos principais cortes comerciais brasileiros. Foram selecionados aleatoriamente cinco pecuaristas, diferenciados pelas siglas PEC A (pecuarista A), PEC B (pecuarista B), PEC C (pecuarista C), PEC D (pecuarista D) e PEC E (pecuarista E), que totalizaram 333 carcaças avaliadas. Os resultados mostraram que a maioria dos animais abatidos eram da raça Nelore e fêmeas de diferentes faixas etárias. Houve uma variação no período de jejum e dieta hídrica estabelecidos aos animais, sendo que o PEC C, foi o menor período (3 horas) e nos demais a variação foi de 10 a 16 horas. Quanto as lesões, foi possível observar que quanto maior a distância percorrida, maior a porcentagem de lesões nas meias carcaças, sendo o quarto traseiro mais acometido, principalmente o coxão, seguido da alcatra. Fatores como idade e duração do transporte influenciaram de forma positiva porcentagem de lesões e mesmo com as intensas discussões e programas de qualidade que visam a aplicação do bem-estar animal, as meias carcaças bovinas analisadas no presente estudo apresentaram alta incidência de lesões.

Activity of some Brazilian isolates of Entomopathogenic fungi against the poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae de geer (Acari: Dermanyssidae)

Poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae is a cosmopolitan and hematophagous species commonly found in layer houses around the world. Poultry mite infestations may cause anemia, stress, low body weight and egg production, and mortality. Mite control is typically based on chemical products, but they are not effective and leave residues in eggs; therefore, alternative control methods, such as entomopathogenic fungi, need to researched. This study aimed at evaluating, in the laboratory, the activity of Brazilian isolates of entomopathogenic fungi against D. gallinae. The mites were collected from a commercial layer house and were sprayed with conidial suspensions (1 × 108 conidia/mL) of five isolates of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae. All tested isolates were pathogenic for the red mite, with confirmed mortality ranging from 22.9 to 52.4%. This demonstrate the potential of the tested entomopathogenic fungi isolates for mite control, and reinforces the need for further studies with other isolates, application strategies, and with fungal formulations.

Activity of some Brazilian isolates of Entomopathogenic fungi against the poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae de geer (Acari: Dermanyssidae)

Poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae is a cosmopolitan and hematophagous species commonly found in layer houses around the world. Poultry mite infestations may cause anemia, stress, low body weight and egg production, and mortality. Mite control is typically based on chemical products, but they are not effective and leave residues in eggs; therefore, alternative control methods, such as entomopathogenic fungi, need to researched. This study aimed at evaluating, in the laboratory, the activity of Brazilian isolates of entomopathogenic fungi against D. gallinae. The mites were collected from a commercial layer house and were sprayed with conidial suspensions (1 × 108 conidia/mL) of five isolates of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae. All tested isolates were pathogenic for the red mite, with confirmed mortality ranging from 22.9 to 52.4%. This demonstrate the potential of the tested entomopathogenic fungi isolates for mite control, and reinforces the need for further studies with other isolates, application strategies, and with fungal formulations.(AU)

Adela Rosenkranz e a ciência em animais de laboratório / / Adele Rosenkranz and laboratory animals science

Este artigo retrata a trajetória da Dra. Adela Rosenkranz no Brasil e outros países da América Latina. Após a instauração das políticas totalitárias nos anos sessenta, setenta e oitenta do século XX na América Latina, a Dra. Adela foi impulsionada a sair da Argentina e vir para o Brasil, como convidada por diversos professores. Naquele período, alertou as lideranças científicas sobre a qualidade inadequada dos modelos biológicos utilizados, tendo como temas a qualidade genética e sanitária dos animais de laboratório e a formação de profissionais na área. Instalada no biotério da Escola Paulista de Medicina (Unifesp), colaborou com destaque em um projeto fundamental para sua reforma e implementação. Em 1985, liderou a organização do Regional/International Scientific Meeting/I Congresso da Ciência de Animais de Laboratório no Brasil, em Águas de Lindóia - São Paulo, que contou com mais de 500 participantes nacionais e internacionais. Colaborou como consultora na modernização de inúmeros biotérios brasileiros e na implantação de Estatística Apllicáveis aos Ensaios Biológicos, tanto no Brasil como em diversos países Latino Americanos, como faz até hoje. Desde princípios dos anos 90 o empenho da Dra. Adela, em transmitir conceitos de excelência e na formação de recursos humanos em Qualidade no Uso Racional d Medicamentos e em Ciência de Animais de Laboratório, continuou pela América Latina, como consultora da OPAS (Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde), BID (Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento), USAID (United States Agency for International Development) e de outros organismos internacionais e nacionais, entendendo sua atividade a 14 países da America Latina. Outra honra conquistada em homenagem a sua trajetória e contribuição à Ciência Brasileira e Latinoamericana, a Academia Nacional de Farmácia do Brasil a elegeu como Acadêmia, na qualidade de Membro Honorário Estrangeiro, em julho de 2010. Este artigo representa o carinho e afeto que querem expressar todos os profissionais que tiveram oportunidade de desfrutar dos conhecimentos profundos da Ciência de Animais de Laboratório, generosamente compartilhados pela Dra Adela Rosenkranz.

This article depicts the trajectory of Dr. Adela Rosenkranz in Brazil and others Latin American countries. After the establishment of totalitarian political in the sixties, seventies and eighties of the twentieth century in Latin America, she was driven to leave Argentina and come to Brazil, as invited by several teachers. At that time, Dr. Adela alerted the scientific leaders about the poor quality of the biological models used, having as subjects the genetic quality and helth of laboratory animals and training professionals in the area. During this period Dra. Adela settled in the animal facility of the Escola Paulista de Medicina (Unifesp), where we were the leaders. She collaborated with emphasis on a central project to its reform and implementation. During this period, Dra. Adela led the organization of The Regional and International Scientific Meeting - First Congress of Laboratory Animal Science in Brazil, held in Águas de Lindóia, which was attended by over 500 national and international participants. She worked as a consultant in the modernization of many Brazilian animal facilities and the implementation of some regional networks os animal houses. In parallel, coordinated and taught courses in statistical Applicable to Biological Assays, both in Brazil and in several Latin American countries, as she still does nowadays. Since the early 90's her commitment to forward the consultant for Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and other international and national organizations, extending its activities to 14 countries in Latin America. In honor of her career and contribution to the Brazilian and Latin Ameican Science, the National Academy of Pharmacy of Brazil elected ger as an Academic, as Foreign Honorary Member in July 2010. This article represents the care and affection of all the professionals who had the opportunity to enjoy the deep knowledge of Laboratory Animal Science generouslu shared by Adela Rosenkranz.

Adela Rosenkranz e a ciência em animais de laboratório / / Adele Rosenkranz and laboratory animals science

Este artigo retrata a trajetória da Dra. Adela Rosenkranz no Brasil e outros países da América Latina. Após a instauração das políticas totalitárias nos anos sessenta, setenta e oitenta do século XX na América Latina, a Dra. Adela foi impulsionada a sair da Argentina e vir para o Brasil, como convidada por diversos professores. Naquele período, alertou as lideranças científicas sobre a qualidade inadequada dos modelos biológicos utilizados, tendo como temas a qualidade genética e sanitária dos animais de laboratório e a formação de profissionais na área. Instalada no biotério da Escola Paulista de Medicina (Unifesp), colaborou com destaque em um projeto fundamental para sua reforma e implementação. Em 1985, liderou a organização do Regional/International Scientific Meeting/I Congresso da Ciência de Animais de Laboratório no Brasil, em Águas de Lindóia - São Paulo, que contou com mais de 500 participantes nacionais e internacionais. Colaborou como consultora na modernização de inúmeros biotérios brasileiros e na implantação de Estatística Apllicáveis aos Ensaios Biológicos, tanto no Brasil como em diversos países Latino Americanos, como faz até hoje. Desde princípios dos anos 90 o empenho da Dra. Adela, em transmitir conceitos de excelência e na formação de recursos humanos em Qualidade no Uso Racional d Medicamentos e em Ciência de Animais de Laboratório, continuou pela América Latina, como consultora da OPAS (Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde), BID (Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento), USAID (United States Agency for International Development) e de outros organismos internacionais e nacionais, entendendo sua atividade a 14 países da America Latina. Outra honra conquistada em homenagem a sua trajetória e contribuição à Ciência Brasileira e Latinoamericana, a Academia Nacional de Farmácia do Brasil a elegeu como Acadêmia, na qualidade de Membro Honorário Estrangeiro, em julho de 2010. Este artigo representa o carinho e afeto que querem expressar todos os profissionais que tiveram oportunidade de desfrutar dos conhecimentos profundos da Ciência de Animais de Laboratório, generosamente compartilhados pela Dra Adela Rosenkranz.(AU)

This article depicts the trajectory of Dr. Adela Rosenkranz in Brazil and others Latin American countries. After the establishment of totalitarian political in the sixties, seventies and eighties of the twentieth century in Latin America, she was driven to leave Argentina and come to Brazil, as invited by several teachers. At that time, Dr. Adela alerted the scientific leaders about the poor quality of the biological models used, having as subjects the genetic quality and helth of laboratory animals and training professionals in the area. During this period Dra. Adela settled in the animal facility of the Escola Paulista de Medicina (Unifesp), where we were the leaders. She collaborated with emphasis on a central project to its reform and implementation. During this period, Dra. Adela led the organization of The Regional and International Scientific Meeting - First Congress of Laboratory Animal Science in Brazil, held in Águas de Lindóia, which was attended by over 500 national and international participants. She worked as a consultant in the modernization of many Brazilian animal facilities and the implementation of some regional networks os animal houses. In parallel, coordinated and taught courses in statistical Applicable to Biological Assays, both in Brazil and in several Latin American countries, as she still does nowadays. Since the early 90's her commitment to forward the consultant for Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and other international and national organizations, extending its activities to 14 countries in Latin America. In honor of her career and contribution to the Brazilian and Latin Ameican Science, the National Academy of Pharmacy of Brazil elected ger as an Academic, as Foreign Honorary Member in July 2010. This article represents the care and affection of all the professionals who had the opportunity to enjoy the deep knowledge of Laboratory Animal Science generouslu shared by Adela Rosenkranz. (AU)

Ocorrência de miíases em animais de companhia no Distrito Federal, brasilimação cardiopulmonar / cerebral (RCPC) em cães / Occurrence of myiasis in pets from the Federal District, in Brazil

Background: Myiasis is one of the main causes of infestation by Diptera larvae in animals and human beings. This parasitic disease is frequently diagnosed at veterinary and medical practices. It is classified according to its anatomical location in the host or to its dependency relations and parasitic occurrence. In Brazil, the two diptera species with the highest myiasis incidence in domestic animals are Cochliomyia hominivorax (Calliphoridae) and Dermatobia hominis (Oestridae). These ectoparasites are primarily found in dogs and secondarily in cats, and they are often associated with omission or mistreatment by the owner. This study describes myiasis cases and the main predisposing factors in domestic animals that occurred in 2009 in the Federal District, Brazil. Materials, Methods & Results: Between January and December 2009, veterinary practitioners from 90 small animal practices were requested to supply the larvae collected from clinical myiasis cases. The larvae were kept alive inside biological containers containing vermiculite to preserve their integrity during transportation. Data on the collection month, age, gender, breed, color and type of coat, as well as lesion site, myiasis type and dwelling type were obtained. The larvae were identified in laboratory and then kept inside incubators, fed on rotten bovine meat during 24h. The resulting flies were again identified and sexed. Then the absolute and relative proportions of the clinical cases were obtained, based on the epidemiological factors and respective parasites. Forty cases were recorded (39 of which were dogs and one was a cat). Cochliomyia hominivorax was the most abundant parasite, with 37 cases observed in dogs and only one in a cat. The other two myiasis cases were caused by Lucilia eximia and Musca domestica. In dogs, the highest occurrence of myiasis was observed in males, especially in German Sheepdogs and Cocker Spaniels. The predominant anatomical sites of the disease in dogs were the front limbs and tail. The period in which the disease occurred most frequently was between March and May, period which corresponds to the rainy season in the Brazilian Cerrado. Dogs living in houses within urban areas had the highest parasitism occurrence. Discussion: Myiasis in companion animals is a common finding throughout practices in Brazil and around the world. However, this situation has been under control in North American countries, especially after erradication of myiases caused by C. hominivorax in bovines, which represented great economic losses. Therefore, the incidence of the parasitism in dogs and cats was reduced. In Brazil, obligatory and facultative cutaneous myiases in dogs and cats are caused by omission and mistreatment by the owner. The results presented in this study corroborate the characteristics of neotropical myiases in the Southeast and South region of Brazil in relation to the incidence period and preferential host characteristics, except that the disease has a preference for male light-colored animals, being predominantly observed on the hind limbs. New cases were observed in dogs, particularly in Central Brazil, such as the facultative cutaneous myiasis cases caused by Lucilia eximia and Musca domestica.

Ocorrência de miíases em animais de companhia no Distrito Federal, brasilimação cardiopulmonar / cerebral (RCPC) em cães / Occurrence of myiasis in pets from the Federal District, in Brazil

Background: Myiasis is one of the main causes of infestation by Diptera larvae in animals and human beings. This parasitic disease is frequently diagnosed at veterinary and medical practices. It is classified according to its anatomical location in the host or to its dependency relations and parasitic occurrence. In Brazil, the two diptera species with the highest myiasis incidence in domestic animals are Cochliomyia hominivorax (Calliphoridae) and Dermatobia hominis (Oestridae). These ectoparasites are primarily found in dogs and secondarily in cats, and they are often associated with omission or mistreatment by the owner. This study describes myiasis cases and the main predisposing factors in domestic animals that occurred in 2009 in the Federal District, Brazil. Materials, Methods & Results: Between January and December 2009, veterinary practitioners from 90 small animal practices were requested to supply the larvae collected from clinical myiasis cases. The larvae were kept alive inside biological containers containing vermiculite to preserve their integrity during transportation. Data on the collection month, age, gender, breed, color and type of coat, as well as lesion site, myiasis type and dwelling type were obtained. The larvae were identified in laboratory and then kept inside incubators, fed on rotten bovine meat during 24h. The resulting flies were again identified and sexed. Then the absolute and relative proportions of the clinical cases were obtained, based on the epidemiological factors and respective parasites. Forty cases were recorded (39 of which were dogs and one was a cat). Cochliomyia hominivorax was the most abundant parasite, with 37 cases observed in dogs and only one in a cat. The other two myiasis cases were caused by Lucilia eximia and Musca domestica. In dogs, the highest occurrence of myiasis was observed in males, especially in German Sheepdogs and Cocker Spaniels. The predominant anatomical sites of the disease in dogs were the front limbs and tail. The period in which the disease occurred most frequently was between March and May, period which corresponds to the rainy season in the Brazilian Cerrado. Dogs living in houses within urban areas had the highest parasitism occurrence. Discussion: Myiasis in companion animals is a common finding throughout practices in Brazil and around the world. However, this situation has been under control in North American countries, especially after erradication of myiases caused by C. hominivorax in bovines, which represented great economic losses. Therefore, the incidence of the parasitism in dogs and cats was reduced. In Brazil, obligatory and facultative cutaneous myiases in dogs and cats are caused by omission and mistreatment by the owner. The results presented in this study corroborate the characteristics of neotropical myiases in the Southeast and South region of Brazil in relation to the incidence period and preferential host characteristics, except that the disease has a preference for male light-colored animals, being predominantly observed on the hind limbs. New cases were observed in dogs, particularly in Central Brazil, such as the facultative cutaneous myiasis cases caused by Lucilia eximia and Musca domestica.(AU)

Abate experimental de jacarés-de-papo amarelo (Caiaman latirostris) em Entreposto de Pescado no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: avaliação da composição centesimal / Slaghter experimental alligators yellow (Caiaman latirostris) in Fisheries Enterprise of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: evaluation of centesimal composition

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o valor nutricional, através da determinação da composição centesimalde carne de jacarés-de-papo-amarelo, Caiman latirostris, abatidos e comercializados em Entreposto de Pescado no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Os animais foram submetidos a um jejum de 3 dias e a uma dieta hídrica de 12 horas e, posteriormente passaram pelo processo de insensibilização e foram abatidos. Durante o abate e realização dos cortes, foram retiradas as seguintes amostras de um exemplar do espécime para realização de composição centesimal: patas dianteiras e traseiras, lombo de cauda, rim, fígado e coração, que foram embaladas em sacos de polietileno, identificadas, mantidas sob refrigeraçãopara transporte até o laboratório e congeladas (-18°C) até a realização das análises. Dentre as vísceras, o fígado que é um órgão de reserva, apresentou teor de carboidrato mais elevado (11,48%), dos quais ,75% foram quantificados como glicogênio. Este órgão também apresentou o teor de gordura mais elevado (11,l7%) dentre as vísceras e os cortes avaliados. Segundo os resultados encontrados, a carne de jacaré é uma opção no mercado consumidor, que atualmente é mais exigente no que concerne ao valor nutricional dos alimentos, e mais consciente da necessidade de hábitos alimentares saudáveis, buscando alimentos protéicos com baixo teor de gordura e valor calórico. (AU)

The nutritional value of the broadsnouted Caiman, Caiman latirostris, slaughtered and commercialized in a Fisheries Enterprise of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil was evaluated through the centesimal composition determination. The animals were submitted to an abstinence from food period of 3days and to a hydric diet of 12 hours, and then were submitted to the insensibilization and slaughtering. Samples were taken from one of the specimens: fore and rear legs, fin portion, kidney, liver and heart and were packed in a polyethylene, labeled, and kept under refrigeration to be carry on to the laboratory and were frozen (-180 C) waiting for the chemical analysis. Liver as a maintenance organ show up the highest value for carbohydrate (11.48%), from these 6.75% were analyzed as glycogen. Liver show up also the highest value for lipids (11.17%). The authors concluded that the Caiman meat is a good option for consumers who are more exigent by now concerning to nutritional value of food. People are conscious of the role of feeding safety habits and they are looking for protein rich food with lowest tax of lipid and caloric value. (AU)

Abate experimental de jacarés-de-papo amarelo (Caiaman latirostris) em Entreposto de Pescado no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: avaliação da composição centesimal / Slaghter experimental alligators yellow (Caiaman latirostris) in Fisheries Enterprise of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: evaluation of centesimal composition

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o valor nutricional, através da determinação da composição centesimalde carne de jacarés-de-papo-amarelo, Caiman latirostris, abatidos e comercializados em Entreposto de Pescado no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Os animais foram submetidos a um jejum de 3 dias e a uma dieta hídrica de 12 horas e, posteriormente passaram pelo processo de insensibilização e foram abatidos. Durante o abate e realização dos cortes, foram retiradas as seguintes amostras de um exemplar do espécime para realização de composição centesimal: patas dianteiras e traseiras, lombo de cauda, rim, fígado e coração, que foram embaladas em sacos de polietileno, identificadas, mantidas sob refrigeraçãopara transporte até o laboratório e congeladas (-18°C) até a realização das análises. Dentre as vísceras, o fígado que é um órgão de reserva, apresentou teor de carboidrato mais elevado (11,48%), dos quais ,75% foram quantificados como glicogênio. Este órgão também apresentou o teor de gordura mais elevado (11,l7%) dentre as vísceras e os cortes avaliados. Segundo os resultados encontrados, a carne de jacaré é uma opção no mercado consumidor, que atualmente é mais exigente no que concerne ao valor nutricional dos alimentos, e mais consciente da necessidade de hábitos alimentares saudáveis, buscando alimentos protéicos com baixo teor de gordura e valor calórico.

The nutritional value of the broadsnouted Caiman, Caiman latirostris, slaughtered and commercialized in a Fisheries Enterprise of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil was evaluated through the centesimal composition determination. The animals were submitted to an abstinence from food period of 3days and to a hydric diet of 12 hours, and then were submitted to the insensibilization and slaughtering. Samples were taken from one of the specimens: fore and rear legs, fin portion, kidney, liver and heart and were packed in a polyethylene, labeled, and kept under refrigeration to be carry on to the laboratory and were frozen (-180 C) waiting for the chemical analysis. Liver as a maintenance organ show up the highest value for carbohydrate (11.48%), from these 6.75% were analyzed as glycogen. Liver show up also the highest value for lipids (11.17%). The authors concluded that the Caiman meat is a good option for consumers who are more exigent by now concerning to nutritional value of food. People are conscious of the role of feeding safety habits and they are looking for protein rich food with lowest tax of lipid and caloric value.

Parasite survey in mouse and rat colonies of Brazilian laboratory animal houses kept under differents sanitary barrier conditions

A parasitological study was undertaken to determine the health status of 15 mouse and 10 rat colonies bred in 18 Brazilian laboratory animal houses maintained under different sanitary barrier conditions which supply animals for teaching, research purposes and manufacture of biological products for medical or veterinary use. Parasitological methods were used for diagnosis of mites, lices, helminthes and protozoan parasites. A questionnaire was answered by institutions with the intention to obtain information about the existence of barriers against infections and of regular sanitary monitoring program of their colonies. The questionnaire data show that the majority of the animal houses investigated do not possess an efficient sanitary barrier system able to keep animals under controlled health sanitary conditions. Ecto and endoparasite infections are widespread in the colonies and multiple infections were common in animals from most facilities investigated. The prevalences of parasites detected among the mouse and rat colonies of the laboratory animal houses investigated were: Myocoptes musculinus (46.6%), Myobia musculi (26.6%), Radfordia ensifera (13.3%), Syphacia obvelata (86.6%), Aspiculuris tetraptera (60.0%), Hymenolepis nana (53.3%), Spironucleus muris (80.0%), Tritrichomonas muris (80.0%), Giardia muris (66.0%), Entamoeba muris (20.0%), Eimeria sp. (13.3%), Hexamastix muris (26.6%), Poliplax spinulosa (30.0%), Poliplax serrata (10.0%), Radfordia ensifera (30.0%), Syphacia muris (80.0%), Hymenolepis nana (40.0%), Trichosomoides crassicauda (55.5%), Spironucleus muris (90.0%), Tritrichomonas muris (80.0%), Giardia muris (60.0%), Entamoeba muris (80.0%), Eimeria sp. (60.0%) and Hexamastix muris (60.0%).

Um estudo parasitológico foi realizado para verificar as condições de saúde de 15 colônias de camundongos e 10 colônias de ratos produzidos em 18 biotérios de instituições brasileiras que fornecem animais para ensino, pesquisa e produção de imunobiológicos de uso médico ou veterinário. Métodos parasitológicos foram utilizados para diagnóstico de ácaros, piolhos, helmintos e protozoários parasitos. Um questionário foi respondido pelas instituições com o intuito de obter informações sobre a existência de barreiras contra infecções e programa de fiscalização sanitária de suas colônias. Os dados do questionário mostram que a maioria dos biotérios analisados não possui um sistema de barreiras sanitárias eficiente capaz de manter animais sob condições sanitárias controladas. Infecções por ecto e endoparasitos são generalizadas nas colônias e a associação de infecções múltiplas foi comum na maioria dos animais dos biotérios analisados. A prevalência dos parasitos detectados entre as colônias de camundongos e de ratos investigadas foi: Myocoptes musculinus (46,6%), Myobia musculi (26,6%), Radfordia ensifera (13,3%), Syphacia obvelata (86,6%), Aspiculuris tetraptera (60,0%), Hymenolepis nana (53,3%), Spironucleus muris (80,0%), Tritrichomonas muris (80,0%), Giardia muris (66,0%), Entamoeba muris (20,0%), Eimeria sp. (13,3%), Hexamastix muris (26,6%), Poliplax spinulosa (30,0%), Poliplax serrata (10,0%), Radfordia ensifera (30,0%), Syphacia muris (80,0%), Hymenolepis nana (40,0%), Trichosomoides crassicauda (55,5%), Spironucleus muris (90,0%), Tritrichomonas muris (80,0%), Giardia muris (60,0%), Entamoeba muris (80,0%), Eimeria sp. (60,0%) e Hexamastix muris (60,0%).

Brazilian laboratory rats and mice: decades pass, but parasite infections remain / Ratos e camundongos de laboratório do Brasil: décadas se passam, mas as infecções parasitárias permanecem

Rats and mice are the most used experimental models in research. Globally, animal houses are subjected to parasite outbreaks. In Brazil, the parasitological profile is used to reflect the sanitary condition of laboratory animals and must be monitored frequently. The present study developed an integrative review of scientific studies on the parasitological profile of rats and mice in animal facilities in Brazil. It identified the most prevalent parasite species reported in animal facilities from different geographic regions of the country, as well as factors contributing to the perpetuation of these parasites, and proposed measures to help prevent such infections. Based on the guiding question "which endoparasites and ectoparasites have already been identified in rat and mouse colonies in animal facilities in Brazil?" and considering inclusion and exclusion criteria, 28 studies published between 1974 and 2021 were selected in four scientific bases. These studies covered facilities in 12 Brazilian States, describing 16 genera of parasites in mice and 18 in rats. Most of the facilities in the selected studies were of the conventional type and with few sanitary barriers, and these conditions may favor the recurrence of parasites. Efforts are, therefore, necessary for institutions to have animal facilities in accordance with the legislation and practice optimal methodologies. The measures proposed in this article can contribute to change the panorama of parasites in the national animal facilities, aiming to safeguard the quality of scientific data and animal welfare.

Ratos e camundongos são os modelos experimentais mais utilizados em pesquisa. Globalmente, as instalações de animais estão sujeitas a surtos de parasitas. No Brasil, o perfil parasitológico é utilizado para refletir a condição sanitária dos animais de laboratório e deve ser monitorado frequentemente. O presente estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver uma revisão integrativa de estudos científicos sobre o perfil parasitológico de ratos e camundongos em biotérios no Brasil. A revisão identifica as espécies parasitárias mais prevalentes relatadas em biotérios de diferentes regiões geográficas do país, bem como os fatores que contribuem para a perpetuação desses parasitas, e propõe medidas para ajudar a prevenir tais infecções. Com base na questão norteadora "quais endoparasitas e ectoparasitas já foram identificados em colônias de ratos e camundongos em biotérios no Brasil?" e considerando os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram selecionados 28 estudos publicados entre 1974 e 2021 em quatro bases científicas. Esses estudos abrangeram instalações em 12 estados brasileiros, descrevendo 16 gêneros de parasitas em camundongos e 18 em ratos. A maioria das instalações dos estudos selecionados era do tipo convencional e com poucas barreiras sanitárias, e essas condições podem favorecer a recorrência de parasitas. Portanto, esforços são necessários para que as instituições tenham biotérios de acordo com a legislação e pratiquem metodologias otimizadas. As medidas propostas neste artigo podem contribuir para mudar o panorama das parasitoses nos biotérios nacionais, visando salvaguardar a qualidade dos dados científicos e o bem-estar animal.