Campylobacter spp. em animais silvestres / Campylobacter spp. in wild animals

Campylobacter sp. são patógenos multi-hospedeiros zoonóticos disseminados, que frequentemente causam gastroenterite em humanos. As aves são reservatórios de Campylobacter sp., que também ocorre naturalmente em mamíferos e já foi isolado de águas superficiais e subterrâneas. As espécies de Campylobacter colonizam prontamente o trato gastrointestinal de animais domésticos, silvestres e selvagens e, embora raramente causem doença clínica em animais de produção, podem produzir gastroenterite aguda grave em humanos. Assim, o objetivo desta revisão de literatura narrativa foi fazer um levantamento bibliográfico sobre o isolamento desse micro-organismo em animais silvestres. C. jejuni tem sido isolado de primatas não humanos cativos e livres acometidos por diarreia e saudáveis; e também de elefantes, gaivotas, abutres e outras aves silvestres. Gansos selvagens e aves silvestres são uma fonte potencial de infecção por Campylobacter sp. para humanos e outros animais, e, como os gansos são animais migratórios, eles são capazes de transferir patógenos por grandes distâncias. Cepas potencialmente virulentas dessa bactéria são eliminadas pelas fezes dos corvos. Estes animais são particularmente relevantes para a disseminação potencial de patógenos por causa de seu movimento entre áreas urbanas e agrícolas habitadas por humanos. Animais silvestres sadios, de diferentes espécies, podem albergar Campylobacter sp., agindo como veiculadores do patógeno.

Campylobacter sp. is a widespread zoonotic multi-host pathogen that often causes gastroenteritis in humans. The birds are reservoirs of Campylobacter sp., which also occurs naturally in mammals and has already been isolated from surface and groundwater. Campylobacter sp. species readily colonize the gastrointestinal tract of domestic and wild animals, and although they rarely cause clinical disease in production animals, they can produce severe acute gastroenteritis in humans. This narrative literature review aimed to carry out a bibliographic survey on the isolation of this microorganism in wild animals. C. jejuni has been isolated from captive and diarrhea-free and healthy non-human primates, as well as from elephants, seagulls, vultures, and other wild birds. Wild geese and wild birds are a potential sources of Campylobacter sp. infection to in humans and other animals, and as geese are migratory animals, they can transfer pathogens over long distances. Potentially virulent strains of these bacteria are eliminated by the feces of crows. These animals are particularly relevant to the potential spread of pathogens because of their movement between urban and agricultural areas inhabited by humans. Healthy wild animals of different species may harbor Campylobacter, acting as agent carriers.

Lactic Bacterium and Bacillus Sp. Biofilms Can Decrease the Viability of Salmonella Gallinarum, Salmonella Heidelberg, Campylobacter Jejuni and Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus on Different Substrates

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of biofilms formed by lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus sp. (BLA) in preventing and controlling the formation of wild biofilms and/or planktonic forms of Salmonella Gallinarum (SG), Salmonella Heidelberg (SH), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on different surfaces. The SH and SG viability was evaluated in polystyrene plates, wood shavings, and soil samples. Two protocols were developed to examine the use of BLA in a preventive and control application. For analysis of Campylobacter jejuni (CJ) BLA was used only preventively in a polystyrene plate. Results showed that BLA was effective in preventing the growth of SG and SH in all matrices. The effectiveness of BLA for MRSA was lower than for SG and SH. The efficiency of BLA in preventing CJ growth seems to be related to the initial CJ contamination. BLA proves to be a potential alternative to control food-borne pathogens commonly encountered in animal production and food industry.

Is bluetongue virus a risk factor for reproductive failure in tropical hair sheep in Brazil?

Background: Bluetongue is a vector-borne viral disease transmitted by midges from the genus Culicoides. The disease caninfect most of the ruminant and camelid species, but the severe disease is most often seen in european wool and muttonsheep breeds. In this sense, there is a gap in the knowledge on BTV infection in hair sheep breeds from tropical zones.Thus, this study aimed at establishing whether exposure to BTV is a risk factor for reproductive failure in Santa Inês ewes,a hair sheep breed, reared under tropical conditions in Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out in sheep farms in São Paulo state,Brazil, after the rainy season. Serum samples from 110 Santa Inês ewes with a history of reproductive disorders, in the last6 months, which were included: abortion, premature birth, stillbirth, retention of placenta, infertility, estrus repetition, fetalmalformation, weak lamb birth and neonatal death were collected. The presence of antibodies against BTV was assessedby agar gel immunodiffusion method (AGID). Serology to the infectious agents Brucela ovis, Lepstopira spp., Toxoplasmagondii, Neospora caninum and Campylobacter sp. were also assessed. Bivariate associations between the outcome andindividual explanatory variables were assessed using the Fisher’s exact test. Abortion was the most common reproductive disorder (53%; 74/139) observed, followed by estrus repetition (12%; 17/139) and infertility (11%; 15/139). Otherdisorders related to the conceptus totaled nearly one fourth of the reported disorders. A total of 20% (22/110) of the eweswere seropositive to BTV. A higher frequency of BTV seropositive than BTV seronegative ewes with a history of abortionwas found. Also, abortion with seroreactivity to BTV was tested for prevalence ratio that showed 1.38 [95% CI 1.10-1.74;P = 0.030]. With regards to the abortion involvement of other infectious diseases associated with the seropositive ewes to...

Is bluetongue virus a risk factor for reproductive failure in tropical hair sheep in Brazil?

Background: Bluetongue is a vector-borne viral disease transmitted by midges from the genus Culicoides. The disease caninfect most of the ruminant and camelid species, but the severe disease is most often seen in european wool and muttonsheep breeds. In this sense, there is a gap in the knowledge on BTV infection in hair sheep breeds from tropical zones.Thus, this study aimed at establishing whether exposure to BTV is a risk factor for reproductive failure in Santa Inês ewes,a hair sheep breed, reared under tropical conditions in Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out in sheep farms in São Paulo state,Brazil, after the rainy season. Serum samples from 110 Santa Inês ewes with a history of reproductive disorders, in the last6 months, which were included: abortion, premature birth, stillbirth, retention of placenta, infertility, estrus repetition, fetalmalformation, weak lamb birth and neonatal death were collected. The presence of antibodies against BTV was assessedby agar gel immunodiffusion method (AGID). Serology to the infectious agents Brucela ovis, Lepstopira spp., Toxoplasmagondii, Neospora caninum and Campylobacter sp. were also assessed. Bivariate associations between the outcome andindividual explanatory variables were assessed using the Fishers exact test. Abortion was the most common reproductive disorder (53%; 74/139) observed, followed by estrus repetition (12%; 17/139) and infertility (11%; 15/139). Otherdisorders related to the conceptus totaled nearly one fourth of the reported disorders. A total of 20% (22/110) of the eweswere seropositive to BTV. A higher frequency of BTV seropositive than BTV seronegative ewes with a history of abortionwas found. Also, abortion with seroreactivity to BTV was tested for prevalence ratio that showed 1.38 [95% CI 1.10-1.74;P = 0.030]. With regards to the abortion involvement of other infectious diseases associated with the seropositive ewes to...(AU)

Causes of abortion in dairy cows in Uruguay / Causas de aborto em bovinos de leite no Uruguai

A case series study was conducted to determine the frequency of causes of abortion in dairy cattle in Uruguay. The sample size of 102 cases was composed of 53 fetuses, 35 fetuses with placentas, and 14 placentas without an associated fetus. All cases underwent gross and microscopic pathologic examinations as well as microbiological and serological testing. The etiology was determined in 54 (53%) of cases, 51 of which were caused by infectious agents. Within the observed 102 cases, 30 (29%) were caused by Neospora caninum, six (6%) by Coxiella burnetii and two (2%) by Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis. Bovine Parainfluenza-3 virus and Salmonella enterica serovar Newport caused one abortion each. Opportunistic bacteria (Escherichia coli, Streptococcus sp., Staphylococcus sp., Mannheimia sp., Trueperella pyogenes, and Providencia stuartii) were associated with 11 abortions. In two cases the fetal death was attributed to dystocia, and in one case the fetus had a congenital mesothelioma. Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection was identified in three fetuses; two of which were co-infected with and had typical lesions of N. caninum. No lesions were observed in the other fetus infected by BVDV. Leptospira interrogans was identified in one fetus without lesions. Despite the relatively low overall success rate in establishing an etiological diagnosis in cases of abortion in cattle, a systemic workup of bovine abortion is necessary to establish prevention and control strategies. This also facilitates monitoring and surveillance of reproductive diseases in dairy cattle, some of which represent a risk to public health.(AU)

Uma série de casos foi estudada para determinar a frequência de causas do aborto em bovinos leiteiros no Uruguai. A amostra, de 102 casos, foi composta por 53 fetos, 35 fetos com placentas e 14 placentas sem feto associado. Todos os casos foram submetidos a exames patológicos macroscópicos e microscópicos, além de testes microbiológicos e sorológicos. A etiologia foi determinada em 54 (53%) dos casos, 51 dos quais foram causados por agentes infecciosos. Nos 102 casos observados, 30 (29%) foram causados por Neospora caninum, seis (6%) por Coxiella burnetii e dois (2%) por Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis. O vírus da Parainfluenza-3 e Salmonella enterica serovar Newport causaram um aborto cada. Bactérias oportunistas (Escherichia coli, Streptococcus sp., Staphylococcus sp., Mannheimia sp., Trueperella pyogenes e Providencia stuartii) foram associadas a 11 abortos. Em dois casos, a morte fetal foi atribuída a distocia e, em um caso, o feto apresentava mesotelioma congênito. A infecção pelo vírus da diarreia viral bovina (BVDV) foi identificada em três fetos; dois dos quais foram co-infectados e apresentavam lesões típicas de N. caninum. Não foram observadas lesões no outro feto infectado pelo BVDV. Leptospira interrogans foi identificada em um feto sem lesões. Apesar da relativamente baixa taxa de sucesso no diagnóstico etiológico nos casos de aborto em bovinos, é necessário o diagnóstico sistemático dos abortos para estabelecer estratégias de prevenção e controle. Isso também facilita o monitoramento e a vigilância de doenças reprodutivas em bovinos leiteiros, algumas das quais representam um risco para a saúde pública.(AU)

Causes of abortion in dairy cows in Uruguay / Causas de aborto em bovinos de leite no Uruguai

A case series study was conducted to determine the frequency of causes of abortion in dairy cattle in Uruguay. The sample size of 102 cases was composed of 53 fetuses, 35 fetuses with placentas, and 14 placentas without an associated fetus. All cases underwent gross and microscopic pathologic examinations as well as microbiological and serological testing. The etiology was determined in 54 (53%) of cases, 51 of which were caused by infectious agents. Within the observed 102 cases, 30 (29%) were caused by Neospora caninum, six (6%) by Coxiella burnetii and two (2%) by Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis. Bovine Parainfluenza-3 virus and Salmonella enterica serovar Newport caused one abortion each. Opportunistic bacteria (Escherichia coli, Streptococcus sp., Staphylococcus sp., Mannheimia sp., Trueperella pyogenes, and Providencia stuartii) were associated with 11 abortions. In two cases the fetal death was attributed to dystocia, and in one case the fetus had a congenital mesothelioma. Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection was identified in three fetuses; two of which were co-infected with and had typical lesions of N. caninum. No lesions were observed in the other fetus infected by BVDV. Leptospira interrogans was identified in one fetus without lesions. Despite the relatively low overall success rate in establishing an etiological diagnosis in cases of abortion in cattle, a systemic workup of bovine abortion is necessary to establish prevention and control strategies. This also facilitates monitoring and surveillance of reproductive diseases in dairy cattle, some of which represent a risk to public health.(AU)

Uma série de casos foi estudada para determinar a frequência de causas do aborto em bovinos leiteiros no Uruguai. A amostra, de 102 casos, foi composta por 53 fetos, 35 fetos com placentas e 14 placentas sem feto associado. Todos os casos foram submetidos a exames patológicos macroscópicos e microscópicos, além de testes microbiológicos e sorológicos. A etiologia foi determinada em 54 (53%) dos casos, 51 dos quais foram causados por agentes infecciosos. Nos 102 casos observados, 30 (29%) foram causados por Neospora caninum, seis (6%) por Coxiella burnetii e dois (2%) por Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis. O vírus da Parainfluenza-3 e Salmonella enterica serovar Newport causaram um aborto cada. Bactérias oportunistas (Escherichia coli, Streptococcus sp., Staphylococcus sp., Mannheimia sp., Trueperella pyogenes e Providencia stuartii) foram associadas a 11 abortos. Em dois casos, a morte fetal foi atribuída a distocia e, em um caso, o feto apresentava mesotelioma congênito. A infecção pelo vírus da diarreia viral bovina (BVDV) foi identificada em três fetos; dois dos quais foram co-infectados e apresentavam lesões típicas de N. caninum. Não foram observadas lesões no outro feto infectado pelo BVDV. Leptospira interrogans foi identificada em um feto sem lesões. Apesar da relativamente baixa taxa de sucesso no diagnóstico etiológico nos casos de aborto em bovinos, é necessário o diagnóstico sistemático dos abortos para estabelecer estratégias de prevenção e controle. Isso também facilita o monitoramento e a vigilância de doenças reprodutivas em bovinos leiteiros, algumas das quais representam um risco para a saúde pública.(AU)

Current trends in bovine abortion in Argentina / Tendências atuais do aborto bovino na Argentina

Bovine abortion is an important cause of significant economic losses in beef and dairy herds. This syndrome is usually difficult to diagnose. The aim of this study was to characterize bovine abortion causes in Argentina by standard diagnosis procedures (histology, bacterial and viral isolation) and other diagnostic tests like direct fluorescent antibody test (DFAT), fetal serology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and PCR, showing their specific advantages and limitations. Necropsies were performed in 150 aborted bovine fetuses submitted to the diagnostic laboratories of Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Balcarce, Argentina. Etiological diagnosis was confirmed in 78 fetuses (52% of the cases). Most causes of abortion were of infectious origin, being Neospora caninum (14.67%), Campylobacter fetus sp. (9.33%), Leptospira spp. (7.33%) and Brucella abortus (6.65%) the main microorganisms identified. Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and bovine herpes virus (BHV) were diagnosed in 2 (1.33%) and 3 (2%) cases, respectively. This study showed a better characterization of bovine abortion compared with previous researches done on this topic.(AU)

O aborto bovino é uma causa importante de perdas econômicas significativas em rebanhos bovinos e leiteiros. Esta síndrome é geralmente difícil de diagnosticar. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar o aborto bovino na Argentina por procedimentos diagnósticos de rotina (histologia, isolamento viral e bacteriana) e outros testes diagnósticos como ensaio directo de anticorpos fluorescentes (DFAT), sorologia fetal, imuno-histoquica (IHC), e PCR; mostrando suas vantagens e limitações específicas. As necropsias foram realizadas em 150 fetos bovinos abortados submetidos aos laboratórios de diagnóstico do Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuária (INTA) de Balcarce, na Argentina. O diagnóstico etiológico foi confirmado em 78 fetos (52% dos casos). A maioria das causas de aborto foram de origem infecciosa, sendo Neospora caninum (14,67%), Campylobacter fetus sp. (9,33%), Leptospira spp. (7,33%) e Brucella abortus (6,65%) os principais microrganismos identificados. O vírus da diarréia viral bovina (BVDV) e o herpesvírus bovino (BHV) foram diagnosticados em 2 (1,33%) e 3 (2%) casos, respectivamente. Este estudo mostrou uma melhor caracterização do aborto bovino em comparação com pesquisas anteriores feita sobre este tema.(AU)

Current trends in bovine abortion in Argentina / Tendências atuais do aborto bovino na Argentina

Bovine abortion is an important cause of significant economic losses in beef and dairy herds. This syndrome is usually difficult to diagnose. The aim of this study was to characterize bovine abortion causes in Argentina by standard diagnosis procedures (histology, bacterial and viral isolation) and other diagnostic tests like direct fluorescent antibody test (DFAT), fetal serology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and PCR, showing their specific advantages and limitations. Necropsies were performed in 150 aborted bovine fetuses submitted to the diagnostic laboratories of Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Balcarce, Argentina. Etiological diagnosis was confirmed in 78 fetuses (52% of the cases). Most causes of abortion were of infectious origin, being Neospora caninum (14.67%), Campylobacter fetus sp. (9.33%), Leptospira spp. (7.33%) and Brucella abortus (6.65%) the main microorganisms identified. Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and bovine herpes virus (BHV) were diagnosed in 2 (1.33%) and 3 (2%) cases, respectively. This study showed a better characterization of bovine abortion compared with previous researches done on this topic.(AU)

O aborto bovino é uma causa importante de perdas econômicas significativas em rebanhos bovinos e leiteiros. Esta síndrome é geralmente difícil de diagnosticar. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar o aborto bovino na Argentina por procedimentos diagnósticos de rotina (histologia, isolamento viral e bacteriana) e outros testes diagnósticos como ensaio directo de anticorpos fluorescentes (DFAT), sorologia fetal, imuno-histoquica (IHC), e PCR; mostrando suas vantagens e limitações específicas. As necropsias foram realizadas em 150 fetos bovinos abortados submetidos aos laboratórios de diagnóstico do Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuária (INTA) de Balcarce, na Argentina. O diagnóstico etiológico foi confirmado em 78 fetos (52% dos casos). A maioria das causas de aborto foram de origem infecciosa, sendo Neospora caninum (14,67%), Campylobacter fetus sp. (9,33%), Leptospira spp. (7,33%) e Brucella abortus (6,65%) os principais microrganismos identificados. O vírus da diarréia viral bovina (BVDV) e o herpesvírus bovino (BHV) foram diagnosticados em 2 (1,33%) e 3 (2%) casos, respectivamente. Este estudo mostrou uma melhor caracterização do aborto bovino em comparação com pesquisas anteriores feita sobre este tema.(AU)

Ocorrência de Campylobacter spp. em carcaças resfriadas de frangos abatidos na região oeste de Santa Catarina / Ocurrence of Campylobacter spp. in chilled chicken carcasses slaughtered in the west region of Santa Catarina, Brazil

Background: The thermophilic bacteria of the genus Campylobacter are important agents of alimentary gastroenteritis, called campylobacteriosis. These microorganisms multiply in temperatures ranging from 25ºC to 46ºC, however, low temperatures are incompatible with their multiplication. For this reason, the seasons of the year may interfere with the level of contamination by Campylobacter sp. The main sources of transmission are contaminated meat and giblets from poultry during poorly conducted slaughter operations. The disease may present itself with a different range of forms of disease: from mild signs of gastrointestinal infection to more severe cases, such as the Guillain-Barré syndrome. Material, Methods & Results: Due to the great importance of western Santa Catarina to the poultry industry, it was necessary to verify the occurrence of the pathogen in cold carcasses of broilers slaughtered in this region, and its variation through the seasons of the year. From January 2013 to February 2015 broiler carcasses were collected weekly, after the water cooling process, in slaughterhouses under Federal Inspection of the three largest microregions of western Santa Catarina in terms of number of broilers slaughtered, totaling 808 samples. The assessment of thermophilic Campylobacter was performed according to the methodology recommended by ISO 10272-1: 2006. Of the 808 samples analyzed, the frequency of isolation of thermophilic Campylobacter was 1.82% (8/440) in microregion 1, 4.95% (10/202) in microregion 2 and 13.86% (23/166) in the microregion 3, totaling 5.07% of positive samples (41/808). Comparing the microregions, it was verified that there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between the isolation frequencies of microregions 1 and 2. However, there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) between the isolation rates of Microregion 3 in relation to microregions 1 and 2.[...]

Ocorrência de Campylobacter spp. em carcaças resfriadas de frangos abatidos na região oeste de Santa Catarina / Ocurrence of Campylobacter spp. in chilled chicken carcasses slaughtered in the west region of Santa Catarina, Brazil

Background: The thermophilic bacteria of the genus Campylobacter are important agents of alimentary gastroenteritis, called campylobacteriosis. These microorganisms multiply in temperatures ranging from 25ºC to 46ºC, however, low temperatures are incompatible with their multiplication. For this reason, the seasons of the year may interfere with the level of contamination by Campylobacter sp. The main sources of transmission are contaminated meat and giblets from poultry during poorly conducted slaughter operations. The disease may present itself with a different range of forms of disease: from mild signs of gastrointestinal infection to more severe cases, such as the Guillain-Barré syndrome. Material, Methods & Results: Due to the great importance of western Santa Catarina to the poultry industry, it was necessary to verify the occurrence of the pathogen in cold carcasses of broilers slaughtered in this region, and its variation through the seasons of the year. From January 2013 to February 2015 broiler carcasses were collected weekly, after the water cooling process, in slaughterhouses under Federal Inspection of the three largest microregions of western Santa Catarina in terms of number of broilers slaughtered, totaling 808 samples. The assessment of thermophilic Campylobacter was performed according to the methodology recommended by ISO 10272-1: 2006. Of the 808 samples analyzed, the frequency of isolation of thermophilic Campylobacter was 1.82% (8/440) in microregion 1, 4.95% (10/202) in microregion 2 and 13.86% (23/166) in the microregion 3, totaling 5.07% of positive samples (41/808). Comparing the microregions, it was verified that there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between the isolation frequencies of microregions 1 and 2. However, there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) between the isolation rates of Microregion 3 in relation to microregions 1 and 2.[...](AU)

Ocurrence of Campylobacter spp. in chilled chicken carcasses slaughtered in the west region of Santa Catarina, Brazil

Background: The thermophilic bacteria of the genus Campylobacter are important agents of alimentary gastroenteritis, called campylobacteriosis. These microorganisms multiply in temperatures ranging from 25ºC to 46ºC, however, low temperatures are incompatible with their multiplication. For this reason, the seasons of the year may interfere with the level of contamination by Campylobacter sp. The main sources of transmission are contaminated meat and giblets from poultry during poorly conducted slaughter operations. The disease may present itself with a different range of forms of disease: from mild signs of gastrointestinal infection to more severe cases, such as the Guillain-Barré syndrome.Material, Methods & Results: Due to the great importance of western Santa Catarina to the poultry industry, it was necessary to verify the occurrence of the pathogen in cold carcasses of broilers slaughtered in this region, and its variation through the seasons of the year. From January 2013 to February 2015 broiler carcasses were collected weekly, after the water cooling process, in slaughterhouses under Federal Inspection of the three largest microregions of western Santa Catarina in terms of number of broilers slaughtered, totaling 808 samples. The assessment of thermophilic Campylobacter was performed according to the methodology recommended by ISO 10272-1: 2006. Of the 808 samples a

Principais patógenos entéricos de origem bacteriana e parasitária, de potencial zoonótico, em gatos domésticos / The Main Bacterial And Parasitic Enteric Pathogens With Zoonotic Potential In Domestic Cats / Principales Patógenos Entéricos De Origen Bacteriano Y Parasitario, Con Potencial Zoonótico, En Gatos Domésticos

Os patógenos de eliminação fecal figuram como uma das principais classes de micro-organismos patogênicos para os humanos e animais, causando graves doenças entéricas e, ocasionalmente, extra-entéricas. Este grupo de organismos caracterizase por manteremse viáveis e com capacidade infectante em condições hostis do ambiente, após a eliminação pelas fezes dos animais com e sem sinais entéricos. Devido ao contato cada vez mais estreito com os humanos, os animais de companhia são elos importantes na cadeia de transmissão de patógenos entéricos. Os gatos domésticos representam um grupo importante de animais carreadores de patógenos entéricos com potencial zoonótico, uma vez que possuem hábitos de caça, de estabelecer territorialidade e de auto-limpeza. Dentre os patógenos de veiculação fecal de gatos domésticos de potencial zoonótico para humanos, merecem destaque: Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., Clostridium spp. Rhodococcus equi, Giardia spp. e Cryptosporidium spp. O presente estudo revisou os principais patógenos bacterianos e parasitários de gatos domésticos com ênfase aos aspectos de virulência, epidemiológicos, sinais clínicos, controle e reflexos em Saúde Pública.(AU)

Enteric pathogens eliminated in the feces are among the most important range group of pathogenic microorganisms to humans and animals causing severe enteric diseases and occasionally, non-enteric too. This group of microorganisms is characterized by wide viability and infective capacity even in adverse environmental conditions after feces elimination of animals with or without enteric signals. In consequence of the close contact with humans, pets are very important in the chain of transmission of enteric pathogens. Domestic cats have hunting, territorial and self-cleaning habits and therefore are an important group with enteric pathogens with zoonotic potential. The most important fecal pathogens present in domestic cats with human zoonotic potential are Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., Clostridium spp. Rhodococcus equi, Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. The purpose of this study was to review the major bacterial and parasitic pathogens of domestic cats regarding the virulence aspects, epidemiology, clinical sings, control and importance in public health.(AU)

Los patógenos de eliminación fecal figuran como una de las principales clases de microorganismos patogénicos para los humanos y animales, causando graves enfermedades entéricas y ocasionalmente, extra entéricas. Este grupo de microorganismos se caracteriza por mantenerse viable y con capacidad infectante en condiciones hostiles del ambiente, posterior a la eliminación por las heces de animales con y sin signos entéricos. Debido al contacto cada vez más estrecho con los humanos, los animales de compañía son eslabones importantes en la cadena de transmisión de patógenos entéricos. Los gatos domésticos representan un grupo importante de animales transportadores de patógenos entéricos con potencial zoonótico, una vez que poseen hábitos de caza, de establecer territorialidad y de auto limpieza. Entre los patógenos de transmisión fecal de gatos domésticos con potencial zoonótico para humanos, se destacan: Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., Campylobacter spp., Clostridium spp. Rhodococcus equi, Giardia sp. y Cryptosporidium spp. El presente estudio revisó los principales patógenos bacterianos y parasitarios de gatos domésticos con énfasis en los aspectos de virulencia, epidemiológicos, signos clínicos, control y reflejos en Salud Pública.(AU)

Principais patógenos entéricos de origem bacteriana e parasitária, de potencial zoonótico, em gatos domésticos / The Main Bacterial And Parasitic Enteric Pathogens With Zoonotic Potential In Domestic Cats / Principales Patógenos Entéricos De Origen Bacteriano Y Parasitario, Con Potencial Zoonótico, En Gatos Domésticos

Os patógenos de eliminação fecal figuram como uma das principais classes de micro-organismos patogênicos para os humanos e animais, causando graves doenças entéricas e, ocasionalmente, extra-entéricas. Este grupo de organismos caracterizase por manteremse viáveis e com capacidade infectante em condições hostis do ambiente, após a eliminação pelas fezes dos animais com e sem sinais entéricos. Devido ao contato cada vez mais estreito com os humanos, os animais de companhia são elos importantes na cadeia de transmissão de patógenos entéricos. Os gatos domésticos representam um grupo importante de animais carreadores de patógenos entéricos com potencial zoonótico, uma vez que possuem hábitos de caça, de estabelecer territorialidade e de auto-limpeza. Dentre os patógenos de veiculação fecal de gatos domésticos de potencial zoonótico para humanos, merecem destaque: Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., Clostridium spp. Rhodococcus equi, Giardia spp. e Cryptosporidium spp. O presente estudo revisou os principais patógenos bacterianos e parasitários de gatos domésticos com ênfase aos aspectos de virulência, epidemiológicos, sinais clínicos, controle e reflexos em Saúde Pública.

Enteric pathogens eliminated in the feces are among the most important range group of pathogenic microorganisms to humans and animals causing severe enteric diseases and occasionally, non-enteric too. This group of microorganisms is characterized by wide viability and infective capacity even in adverse environmental conditions after feces elimination of animals with or without enteric signals. In consequence of the close contact with humans, pets are very important in the chain of transmission of enteric pathogens. Domestic cats have hunting, territorial and self-cleaning habits and therefore are an important group with enteric pathogens with zoonotic potential. The most important fecal pathogens present in domestic cats with human zoonotic potential are Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., Clostridium spp. Rhodococcus equi, Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. The purpose of this study was to review the major bacterial and parasitic pathogens of domestic cats regarding the virulence aspects, epidemiology, clinical sings, control and importance in public health.

Los patógenos de eliminación fecal figuran como una de las principales clases de microorganismos patogénicos para los humanos y animales, causando graves enfermedades entéricas y ocasionalmente, extra entéricas. Este grupo de microorganismos se caracteriza por mantenerse viable y con capacidad infectante en condiciones hostiles del ambiente, posterior a la eliminación por las heces de animales con y sin signos entéricos. Debido al contacto cada vez más estrecho con los humanos, los animales de compañía son eslabones importantes en la cadena de transmisión de patógenos entéricos. Los gatos domésticos representan un grupo importante de animales transportadores de patógenos entéricos con potencial zoonótico, una vez que poseen hábitos de caza, de establecer territorialidad y de auto limpieza. Entre los patógenos de transmisión fecal de gatos domésticos con potencial zoonótico para humanos, se destacan: Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., Campylobacter spp., Clostridium spp. Rhodococcus equi, Giardia sp. y Cryptosporidium spp. El presente estudio revisó los principales patógenos bacterianos y parasitarios de gatos domésticos con énfasis en los aspectos de virulencia, epidemiológicos, signos clínicos, control y reflejos en Salud Pública.

Aeromonas hydrophila and Campylobacter jejuni isolated in fresh tuna (Thunnus spp) sold in São Paulo, Brazil / Detecção de Aeromonas hydrophila e Campylobacter jejuni em atum (Thunnus spp) fresco comercializado em São Paulo, Brasil

Aeromonas hydrophila and Campylobacter jejuni are bacteria of emerging importance in public health. However, little has been published about fish contaminated by these pathogens. The present study aimed to verify the presence of Aeromonas hydrophila and Campylobacter jejuni in fresh tuna samples (Thunnus spp.) caught off the coast of Santa Catarina State and distributed in the wholesale market of São Paulo/SP. A total of 85 tuna fillet samples were collected and examined by PCR and bacteriological analyses. Aeromonas spp. was detected in 11/85 (13%) samples, with 10/11 (90.9 %) being confirmed as Aeromonas hydrophila by PCR. Campylobacter spp. was found in 10/85 (11.7%) samples, 10/10 (100%) identified as Campylobacter jejuni by PCR and conventional biochemical analyses. Both pathogens were found in 2/85 (2.3%) samples. This is the first report on the contamination of fresh tuna by Campylobacter jejuni and Aeromonas hydrophila in Brazil. In addition to show that tuna can be a vehicle for transmission of pathogens when consumed raw, it emphasizes the importance of further studies to support the control these pathogens in fish(AU)

Aeromonas hydrophila e Campylobacter jejuni são bactérias de importância emergente em saúde pública, porém com escassos trabalhos publicados na área de pescado. O presente estudo investigou a presença de Aeromonas hydrophila e Campylobacter jejuni em amostras de atum (Thunnus spp.) fresco, capturados no litoral de Santa Catarina e distribuídos no comércio atacadista de São Paulo, SP. Foram colhidas 85 amostras de filé de atum e processadas por análises bacteriológicas e PCR. Do total, 11/85 (13%) amostras foram positivas para Aeromonas spp., sendo 10/11 (90,9%) confirmadas como Aeromonas hydrophila pela PCR. Para Campylobacter spp., 10/85 (11,7%) foram positivas, sendo 10/10 (100%) identificadas como Campylobacter jejuni pelas provas bioquímicas tradicionais e PCR ressaltando-se que duas (2/85 - 2,3%) amostras de atum albergavam ambos os patógenos. Trata-se do primeiro relato no Brasil de contaminação de atum fresco por Campylobacter jejuni e Aeromonas hydrophila, indicando que este alimento ingerido in natura pode ser um veículo de transmissão de agentes patogênicos, ressaltando-se a importância de estudos adicionais que deem suporte ao controle desses microrganismos em pescado consumido cru(AU)

Detection of thermophilic Campylobacter sp. in raw chicken sausages by methods ISO 10272: 2006 in Curitiba - Parana State - Brazil

The aim of this study was the detection of Campylobacter sp. in raw chicken sausages using the methods ISO 10272-1 and ISO 10272-2. The overall prevalence of Campylobacter sp. in the samples tested was 16.67%, representing a serious risk to the health of consumers, particularly if measures guaranteeing proper cooking of foods and prevention of cross-contamination are not adopted. Furthermore, the majority of campylobacteriosis cases in humans are caused by consumption or improper handling of contaminated raw or undercooked poultry meat, which constitute the main vehicle of this infection.

AVALIAÇÃO DO EFEITO DA VIRGINIAMICINA NA PREVENÇÃO DA DOENÇA PERIODONTAL BOVINA: MONITORAMENTO DA MICROBIOTA ORAL ASSOCIADA À DOENÇA

As doenças periodontais provocam inflamações dos tecidos de proteção e sustentação dos dentes. Na gengivite e gengivite necrosante, que são percursores da periodontite,a inflamação está associada à formação do biofilme bacteriano e à resposta imune do hospedeiro. O objetivo geral do presente trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia da virginiamicina no controle da gengivite e gengivite necrosante em bezerros, com destaque para o monitoramento da microbiota subgengival associada à doença e da condição periodontal que caracterizam essas enfermidades. Dez bezerros, randomizados e distribuídos em dois grupos, foram mantidos sob o mesmo manejo em pastejo rotacionado em área recém-reformada de Panicum maximum var. Massai e Mombaça. Por 18 semanas consecutivas, um dos grupos (Grupo Virginiamicina, n=5) recebeu via top-dressing, diariamente, 340 mg de Virginiamicina, enquanto o Grupo Controle (n=5) não recebeu o produto. Aavaliação clínica da cavidade bucal do Grupo Controle (n=5) e do Grupo Virginiamicina (n=5), foi realizada semanalmente, enquanto que a coleta de material para a avaliação microbiológica foi quinzenal. Na avaliação microbiológica, pela reação da cadeia da polimerase (PCR) utilizou-se os iniciadores de vinte e cinco microrganismos: Actinomyces israelii, Actinomyces naeslundii, Archae, Eikenella corrodens, Campylobacterspp., Fusobacterium nucleatum, Fusobacterium necrophorum, Mollicutes, Parvimonas micra, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Porphyromonas gulae, Prevotella buccae, Prevotella loescheii, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella melaninogenica, Prevotela nigrescens, Prevotella oralis, Selenomonas sputigena, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema amylovorum, Treponema denticola, Treponema maltophilume Treponema pectinovorum. Após 1440 avaliações clínicas periodontais dos dentes incisivos verificou-se que o grupo controle apresentou maior ocorrência de gengivite (n=267) e gengivite necrosante (n=58) do que os animais que receberam tratamento, tanto em relação à gengivite (n=128) quanto à gengivite necrosante (n=31). Na comparação entre as médias dos grupos, o total de dentes com gengivite (p<0,01) e gengivite necrosante (p<0,01) no Grupo Controle, foi significamente superior ao de gengivite (p<0,01) e gengivite necrosante (p<0,05) do Grupo Virginiamicina, de acordo com o teste t (p<0,05). Pela PCR, foram detectados A. israelii (4,74%), Archae (1,58%), E. corrodens (1,05%), F. nucleatum (27,37%), Mollicutesspp. (5,26%), P. endodontalis (5,26%), P. gulae (0,53%), P. buccae (6,32%), P. loescheii (3,68%), P. nigrescens (8,42%), P. oralis (1,58%), T. forsythia (0,53%) e T. denticola (4,21%) no Grupo Controle. Já no Grupo Virginiamicina: A. israelii (3,41%), Archae (0,98%), F. nucleatum (9,27%), Mollicutes sp. (4,39%), P. endodontalis (4,39%), P. gulae (0,49%), P. buccae (8,29%), P. loescheii (6,83%), P. nigrescens (15,61%), P. oralis (1,46%), S. sputigena (0,49%), T. forsythia (0,49%) e T. denticola (2,44%). Nesse contexto, é possível afirmar que os bovinos apresentaram gengivite e gengivite necrosante quando mantidos em pasto recém-reformado, que existe uma microbiota bucal com micro-organismos potencialmente patogênicos e que a virginiamicina foi eficaz no controle dessas doenças periodontais.

Periodontal diseases cause inflammation of the protective and supporting tissues of the teeth. In gingivitis and necrotizing gingivitis, which are precursors of periodontitis, inflammation is associated with the formation of the bacterial biofilm and the immune response of the host. The general objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of virginiamycin in the control of gingivitis and necrotizing gingivitis in calves, with emphasis on the monitoring of the subgengival microbiota associated with the disease and the periodontal condition that characterize these diseases. Ten calves, randomized and distributed in two groups, were kept under the same management in rotational grazing in a newly reformed area of Panicum maximum var. Massai and Mombasa. For 18 consecutive weeks, one of the groups (Virginiamycin group, n = 5) received topical dressing daily 340 mg of Virginiamycin, while the control group (n = 5) received no product. The clinical evaluation of the oral cavity of the Control Group (n = 5) and the Virginiamicina Group (n = 5) was performed weekly, while the material collection for the microbiological evaluation was biweekly. In the microbiological evaluation, primers of twenty-five microorganisms were used: Actinomyces israelii, Actinomyces naeslundii, Archae, Eikenellacorrodens, Campylobacter spp., Fusobacterium nucleatum, Fusobacterium necrophorum, Mollicutes, Parvimonasmicra, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Porphyromonas gulae, Prevotella buccae, Prevotella loescheii, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella melaninogenica, Prevotella nigrescens, Prevotella oralis, Selenomonassputigena, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema amylovorum, Treponema denticola, Treponema maltophilum and Treponema pectinovorum. After 1440 periodontal clinical evaluations of the incisor teeth, it was verified that the control group presented a higher occurrence of gingivitis (n = 267) and necrotizing gingivitis (n = 58) than the animals that received treatment, both in relation to gingivitis (n = 128) and for necrotizing gingivitis (n = 31). In the comparison between group means, the total number of teeth with gingivitis (p <0,01) and necrotizing gingivitis (p <0,01) in the Control Group was significantly higher than gingivitis (p<0,01) and necrotizing gingivitis (p<0,05) of the Virginiamycin Group, according to the t-test (p=0,05). In this study, A. israelii (4,74%), Archae (1,58%), E. corrodens (1,05%), F. nucleatum (27,37%) and Mollicutes spp. (5,26%), P. buccae (6,32%), P. loescheii (3,68%), P. nigrescens (8,42%), P. endodontalis (5,26%), P. oralis (1,58%), T. forsythia (0,53%) and T. denticola (4,21%) in the Control Group. In the Virginiamicina Group: A. israelii (3,41%), Archae (0,98%), F. nucleatum (9,27%), Mollicutes sp. (4,39%), P. endodontalis (4,39), P. gulae (0,49), P. buccae (8,29), P. loescheii (6,83%), P. nigrescens (15,61%), P. oralis (1,46%), S. sputigena (0,49%), T. forsythia (0,49%) and T. denticola (2,44%). In this context, it is possible to affirm that bovine presented gingivitis and necrotizing gingivitis when kept in freshly reformed pasture, that there is a buccal microbiota with potentially pathogenic microorganisms and that virginiamycin was effective in the control of these periodontal diseases.

Produção de IgY anti Campylobacter jejuni para pesquisa de coproantígenos de Macaca mulatta e Macaca fascicularis

A campilobacteriose é uma das principais doenças entéricas de origem alimentar do mundo. É capaz de ocorrer, não só no homem, mas também em primatas não humanos de cativeiro. Sendo, desta forma, importante no monitoramento sanitário destas colô-nias. Causada por bactérias do gênero Campylobacter, seu diagnóstico é realizado pela detecção do micro-organismo nas fezes, pelo método padrão ouro: o cultivo microbioló-gico, incluindo o isolamento, prova de Gram e testes bioquímicos. Todo o processo leva de 5 a 7 dias. Outra forma de diagnóstico são os kits de detecção antigênica por ensaio imunoenzimático que são de fácil realização e o resultado determinado em poucas ho-ras. Entretanto, estes kits utilizam anticorpos produzidos em mamíferos e têm sua efici-ência questionada por conta da acurácia reduzida. Sendo assim, esse estudo teve por principal objetivo, produzir Imunoglobulina Y (IgY) como anticorpo primário extraído de gemas de ovos de galinhas imunizadas com Campylobacter jejuni para sua aplicação em um teste imunoenzimático in house, para pesquisa de coproantigenos de Campylo-bacter sp. em amostras de primatas não humanos do gênero Macaca. Sua realização seguiu a política dos 3Rs, já que desenvolve uma técnica onde são utilizados um nú-mero menor de animais para produção de IgY, quando comparados aos testes tradicio-nais, além de promover produção maior com procedimentos menos invasivos. Para isso galinhas poedeiras foram imunizadas com antígeno bruto de C. jejuni, foram colhidos ovos para isolamento, caracterização de IgY, purificação e utilização como anticorpo primário no ELISA in house frente a amostras de fezes e lavado da ampola retal dos pri-matas avaliados. Após purificação, a IgY demonstrou perfil eletroforético compatível com o descrito para molécula, apresentou reconhecimento frente ao antígeno imunizante por meio de western-blot e ELISA e foi capaz de detectar bactérias do gênero Campylobacter spp. nas amostras fecais do gênero Macaca. O teste de ELISA construído utilizando a IgY como anticorpo primário, demonstrou reconhecimento frente ao antígeno imunizante nas amostras analisadas.

Campylobacteriosis is one of the world's leading enteral food-borne diseases. It can oc-cur not only in man but also in non-human primate of captivity. Thus, it is important in the sanitary monitoring of these colonies. Caused by Campylobacter bacteria, its diag-nosis is performed by the detection of the microorganism in the feces, by the gold stand-ard method: microbiological culture, including isolation, Gram test and biochemical tests. The entire process takes 5 to 7 days. Another form of diagnosis is the antigen detection kits by enzyme immunoassay that are easy to perform, and the result determined in a few hours. However, these kits use antibodies produced in mammals and have their ef-ficiency questioned because of the reduced accuracy. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to produce immunoglobulin Y (IgY) as the primary antibody extracted from egg yolks from chickens immunized with Campylobacter jejuni for its application in an in-house immunoenzymatic test for Campylobacter sp. in samples of non-human pri-mates of the genus Macaca. Its accomplishment followed the policy of the 3Rs, since it develops a technique where a smaller number of animals are used for IgY production, when compared to the traditional tests, besides promoting greater production with less invasive procedures. For this, laying hens were immunized with crude C. jejuni anti-gen, eggs were collected for isolation, IgY characterization, purification and use as pri-mary antibody in the in-house ELISA against faecal samples and lavage of the rectal ampulla of the primates evaluated. After purification, IgY demonstrated an electrophoret-ic profile compatible with that described for the molecule, showed recognition against the immunizing antigen by means of western blot and ELISA and was able to detect bacteria of the genus Campylobacter spp. in the fecal samples of the genus Macaca. The ELISA test constructed using IgY as the primary antibody, demonstrated recognition against the immunizing antigen in the analyzed samples.

DIAGNÓSTICO MICROBIOLÓGICO E MOLECULAR DE CAMPYLOBACTER SPP. E ESCHERICHIA COLI EM CARCAÇAS DE FRANGO

As doenças de transmissão alimentar (DTA) por bactérias constituem um problema de saúde pública no mundo. O objetivo do trabalho foi identificar por métodos microbiológicos e moleculares a presença de Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp. e Escherichia coli em frangos de Botucatu-SP, Brasil. Sessenta (60) amostras de frangos resfriados de diferentes marcas foram coletadas aleatoriamente em diferentes estabelecimentos localizados tanto na periferia, quanto no centro da cidade de Botucatu, SP, no período de julho a outubro de 2015. Posteriormente, Campylobacter spp, Salmonella spp e E. coli foram isolados através de métodos microbiológicos convencionais. A confirmação das bactérias isoladas se realizou por provas bioquímicas e PCR. Além disso, as provas para determinar a resistência antimicrobiana e a existência de gene integron classe 1 foram realizadas. Os resultados demostraram a presença de três das principais bactérias que causam doenças de origem alimentar em carcaças de frango provenientes de supermercados e casas de carne de Botucatu. A prevalência de Campylobacter, Salmonella, e E. coli foi 38,3%, 13,3% e 60%, respectivamente. A resistência antimicrobiana dos isolados foi elevada e presença do gene íntegron classe 1 foi identificada em alguns agentes patogénicos.

The transmission of Foodborne Diseases (FBD) by bacteria constitutes a public health problem in the world. The objective of this study was to identify by microbiological and molecular methods the presence of Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli in broiler chickens at Botucatu, SP, Brazil. Sixty samples of chilled chickens of different brands were randomly collected from supermarkets and meat houses located in both the periphery and the center of the city, in the period from July to October 2015. Later, Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., and E. coli were isolated by conventional microbiological methods. Confirmation of the isolated bacteria was performed by biochemical and PCR tests. In addition, proofs to determine antimicrobial resistance and the existence of class 1 integron gene were carried out. Results confirmed the presence of the three assessed bacteria in poultry carcasses from selected establishments. The prevalence was 38.3%, 13.3% and 60% to Campylobacter, Salmonella and E. coli, respectively. Antimicrobial resistance of the isolates was high and the presence of integron class 1 gene has been identified in some pathogens.

ISOLAMENTO E IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE Salmonella sp. E Campylobacter spp. EM AMOSTRAS DE CARNE E SWAB CLOACAL, DE TARTARUGAS DA AMAZÔNIA (Podocnemis expansa)

A tartaruga-da-amazônia é a espécie mais conhecida do gênero Podocnemis e o maior testudíneo de água-doce da América do Sul. Nas regiões Norte e Centro Oeste do país é comum a produção comercial da espécie P. expansa, mas ainda faltam parâmetros para melhorar o processo de produção e garantir a qualidade microbiológica da carne produzida. O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar a presença de Salmonella sp. e Campylobacter spp. em amostras de musculatura estriada esquelética da região de filé e membros anteriores e posteriores, bem como a realização de swab cloacal. Os tecidos musculares esqueléticos dos 20 machos foram colhidos com instrumental cirúrgico esterelizado, acondicionados em frascos estéreis e analisados no Laboratório de Microbiologia e Tecnologia de Alimentos do Centro de Pesquisa em Alimentos da UFG/EVZ e Laboratório de Exames Bacteriológicos e Anatomopatológicos de Aves da UFG/EVZ para avaliação segundo o protocolo do setor. Na pesquisa por Salmonella sp., duas amostras (2/240) 0,83%, foram positivas para o gênero de bactéria pesquisado, sendo idenficado o microrganismo Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica. Em relação a pesquisa por microrganismos do gênero Campylobacter spp., não foram detectados microrganismos nas amostras analisadas. Para avaliação dos resultados referentes à microbiologia, foi utilizado o Teste Exato de Fischer (p < 0,05). O teste estatístico empregado demonstrou não haver diferença estatística em relação ao tratamento empregado (p = 0,4737) e (p = 0,4979), relacionando a área de colheita, também não apresentou significância estatística. Os dados obtidos foram importantes para melhoria de qualidade das carcaças abatidas da espécie.

The Arrau river turtle is the best known species of the genus Podocnemis and most testudines of freshwater in South America. In the North and Central West regions of the country is common to commercial production of the species P. expansa, but there are still parameters for to improve the production process and ensure the microbiological quality of meat produced. This study aimed to determine the presence of Salmonella sp. and Campylobacter spp. in skeletal striated muscle samples from the fillet region and forelimb and hindlimb, as well as the realization of cloacal swab. Skeletal muscle tissue of 20 males were picked with sterilized surgical instruments, packed in sterile vials and analyzed in the Laboratory of Microbiology and Food Technology Research Centre in Food UFG/EVZ and Bacteriological tests Laboratory and Anatomopathological of Birds of UFG/EVZ for evaluation according to the industry protocol. In the survey by Salmonella sp., Two samples (2/240) 0.83%, were positive for the bacterium gender researched and compared the search for microorganisms of the genus Campylobacter spp., were not detected microorganisms in the samples. To evaluate the results related to microbiology, we performed the Fisher Exact Test (p <0.05). The statistical test showed no statistical difference in relation to the treatment (p = 0.4737) and (p = 0.4979), relating the area of harvest, also not statistically significant. The data were important for improving the quality of carcasses slaughtered the species.

Métodos diagnósticos para os patógenos alimentares: Campylobacter sp., Salmonella sp. e Listeria monocytogenes / Diagnostic methods for the food pathogens Campylobacter sp., Salmonella sp. and Listeria monocytogenes

Os métodos moleculares de detecção rápida e eficaz de lotes de aves infectados por bactérias como Salmonella sp. Campylobacter sp. e Listeria monocytogenes são importantes para reduzir a frequência da transmissão destes patógenos entre os lotes de aves e aos consumidores de produtos de origem animal. Recentemente, as técnicas de biologia molecular, em especial a reação em cadeia polimerase, que permite a amplificação específica de segmentos de DNA, têm possibilitado novos rumos na identificação de bactérias supracitadas, reduzindo o tempo de cultivo e ampliando a confiabilidade das provas diagnósticas. A utilização da biologia molecular por laboratórios de diagnóstico humano e animal, assim como em programas de controle de qualidade de alimentos e produtos de origem animal, já é realidade e tende a se expandir rapidamente. O objetivo deste artigo é fazer uma breve revisão dos testes diagnósticos convencionais e moleculares para identificar Campylobacter sp., Salmonella sp. e Listeria monocytogenes. Concluindo, o diagnóstico molecular é um campo em avanço científico e tecnológico, no qual novas técnicas moleculares estão em desenvolvimento para o diagnóstico de bactérias em alimentos.

The molecular methods for quick and efficient detection of chicken lots infected by bacteria such as Salmonella sp. Campylobacter sp. and Listeria monoytogenes is basic for the effort to reduce the frequency of the transmission between chicken lots and to the consumers of poultry products. Recently, the development of techniques involving molecular biology, especially polymerase chain reaction, which allows the specific enlargement of segments of DNA, has been making new procedures possible for the identification of the abovementioned bacteria, reducing the time necessary for the tests and enhancing the reliability of the resulting diagnoses. The use of molecular biology in laboratories for human and animal diagnosis, as well as in quality control programs for foods and products of animal origin is already a reality and has tended to expand quickly. The objective of this article is to present a brief review of the conventional diagnostic and molecular tests for the identification of Campylobacter sp., Salmonella sp. and Listeria monocytogenes. In conclusion, molecular diagnosis is a field undergoing scientific and technological advancement, in which new molecular techniques are under development for the diagnosis of bacteria in foods.