Estudo do perfil reprodutivo e índices de mortalidade peri-parto em gatis comerciais brasileiros / Study of the reproductive profile and mortality rate in the periparturient period in Brazilian commercial catteries

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o perfil reprodutivo e as taxas de mortalidade intraparto eneonatal felina, elencando suas possíveis causas, em gatis comerciais no Brasil, utilizando umquestionário semiestruturado. Com a participação de 13 gatis, 23 ninhadas foram registradas, sendo estascompostas por 22 matrizes com idade média de 2,8 anos e 16 padreadores com idade média de 2,2 anos.Dessas 23 ninhadas, 82,61% contaram com algum tipo de assistência durante o parto; e com um total de80 filhotes foi possível averiguar uma taxa de mortalidade de 15%, sendo 8,75% natimortos e 6,25% demortalidade neonatal com maior ocorrência na primeira semana de vida. A falta de assistência de ummédico veterinário qualificado no período peri-parto e neonatal; e a desinformação foram os elementosque mais contribuíram para uma taxa tão alta neste estudo. (AU)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the feline reproductive profile and the intrapartum andneonatal mortality rates in Brazilian commercial catteries, as well as listing their possible causes byusing a semi-structured questioner. This study registered 13 catteries, within 23 litters characterized by22 queens ageing 2.8 years old on average and 16 tomcats ageing 2.2 years old on average. From the 23litters, 82.61% received assistance during parturition, and a total of 80 kittens were born. The resultsshowed a mortality rate of 15% (8.75% stillborn and 6.25% neonatal mortality, with a higher incidencein the first week of life). The absence of qualified veterinary assistance during periparturient andneonatal period, as well as the misinformation about neonatal resuscitation contributed to the highmortality rate observed in this study.(AU)

Estudo do perfil reprodutivo e índices de mortalidade peri-parto em gatis comerciais brasileiros / Study of the reproductive profile and mortality rate in the periparturient period in Brazilian commercial catteries

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o perfil reprodutivo e as taxas de mortalidade intraparto eneonatal felina, elencando suas possíveis causas, em gatis comerciais no Brasil, utilizando umquestionário semiestruturado. Com a participação de 13 gatis, 23 ninhadas foram registradas, sendo estascompostas por 22 matrizes com idade média de 2,8 anos e 16 padreadores com idade média de 2,2 anos.Dessas 23 ninhadas, 82,61% contaram com algum tipo de assistência durante o parto; e com um total de80 filhotes foi possível averiguar uma taxa de mortalidade de 15%, sendo 8,75% natimortos e 6,25% demortalidade neonatal com maior ocorrência na primeira semana de vida. A falta de assistência de ummédico veterinário qualificado no período peri-parto e neonatal; e a desinformação foram os elementosque mais contribuíram para uma taxa tão alta neste estudo.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the feline reproductive profile and the intrapartum andneonatal mortality rates in Brazilian commercial catteries, as well as listing their possible causes byusing a semi-structured questioner. This study registered 13 catteries, within 23 litters characterized by22 queens ageing 2.8 years old on average and 16 tomcats ageing 2.2 years old on average. From the 23litters, 82.61% received assistance during parturition, and a total of 80 kittens were born. The resultsshowed a mortality rate of 15% (8.75% stillborn and 6.25% neonatal mortality, with a higher incidencein the first week of life). The absence of qualified veterinary assistance during periparturient andneonatal period, as well as the misinformation about neonatal resuscitation contributed to the highmortality rate observed in this study.

Isolation of dermatophytes from the hair coat of healthy Persian cats without skin lesions from commercial catteries located in São Paulo metropolitan area, Brazil

Background: The study of the epidemiological chain of dermatophytosis, particularly those related to zoophilic fungi, is extremely important because of its frequent occurrence, the high infectivity of the agent, and its anthropozoonotic character. In all latitudes, asymptomatic cats are considered the main reservoirs and sources of dermatophyte infection. The study aimed to characterize the frequency of dermatophyte infection and the potential risk of microsporic infection to the owners and to possible buyers of apparently healthy Persian cats from commercial catteries of São Paulo, Brazil. Materials, Methods & Results: Fur samples were obtained from 61 clinically healthy Persian cats, which were devoid of typical cutaneous lesions and had negative results in Woods lamp examination. The average age of the cats was 37.7 months; 18 (29.5%) of them were males and 43 (70.5%) were females. The cats were from commercial catteries located in the metropolitan region of São Paulo state capital. Samples were obtained using the technique of Mariat & Adam using a square (25 cm2 ) of sterile carpet rubbed across the surface of the hair-coat and skin. People who had close contact with the animals were asked whether they had had typical ringworm lesions in the recent past or at the time of sample collection. The material collected was pressed onto Petri dishes containing agar [...](AU)

Isolation of dermatophytes from the hair coat of healthy Persian cats without skin lesions from commercial catteries located in São Paulo metropolitan area, Brazil

Background: The study of the epidemiological chain of dermatophytosis, particularly those related to zoophilic fungi, is extremely important because of its frequent occurrence, the high infectivity of the agent, and its anthropozoonotic character. In all latitudes, asymptomatic cats are considered the main reservoirs and sources of dermatophyte infection. The study aimed to characterize the frequency of dermatophyte infection and the potential risk of microsporic infection to the owners and to possible buyers of apparently healthy Persian cats from commercial catteries of São Paulo, Brazil. Materials, Methods & Results: Fur samples were obtained from 61 clinically healthy Persian cats, which were devoid of typical cutaneous lesions and had negative results in Woods lamp examination. The average age of the cats was 37.7 months; 18 (29.5%) of them were males and 43 (70.5%) were females. The cats were from commercial catteries located in the metropolitan region of São Paulo state capital. Samples were obtained using the technique of Mariat & Adam using a square (25 cm2 ) of sterile carpet rubbed across the surface of the hair-coat and skin. People who had close contact with the animals were asked whether they had had typical ringworm lesions in the recent past or at the time of sample collection. The material collected was pressed onto Petri dishes containing agar [...]

Radiografia intraoral e convencional da hemiarcada superior direita de gatos domésticos / Intraoral and convencional radiography of the right maxilla hemiarcade of domestic cats

A proposta com este trabalho foi avaliar a hemiarcada superior direita de gatos domésticos por meio de técnicas radiográficas odontológicas do paralelismo, empregando-se filmes intraorais aos posicionadores de Han Shin. As imagens obtidas por essa metodologia foram correlacionadas com as técnicas radiográficas convencionais (extraorais), com o intuito de se estabelecerem vantagens ou desvantagens para detectar possíveis afecções dentais e periodontais. Foram utilizados 30 gatos, sem raça definida, 17 machos e 13 fêmeas, faixa etária entre um e três anos, confinados em gatis do Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Lavras/MG. Com os animais sob anestesia geral, foram realizadas radiografias da hemiarcada superior direita, incluindo três incisivos, um canino, três pré-molares e um molar em radiografias intraorais e extraorais. As imagens radiográficas foram analisadas e efetuaram-se comparações qualitativas entre pares intraorais e convencionais dos mesmos animais. Para se estabelecer a técnica radiográfica dental mais bem adaptada, foram realizadas análises estatísticas pelo teste de McNemar (qui-quadrado modificado). A técnica intraoral mostrou ser superior à extraoral (P<0,05), para achados referentes a espaço periodontal aumentado, canal radicular amplo e arredondamento de ápice, e também para a avaliação mais bem detalhada de dentes caninos, pré-molares e molares em gatos.(AU)

The aim of this research was to evaluate the right maxilla hemiarcade of cats through parallel dental radiographic techniques, applying Han Shin intraoral film positioner. Images obtained with this method were correlated with conventional radiographic techniques (extraoral). The goal was to establish the advantages and disadvantages to detect possible dental and periodontal diseases. Thirty mixed breed cats were evaluated, 17 males and 13 females, ages one to three years old, confined in catteries in the Department of Zootecnia of the Federal University of Lavras/MG. Radiographies of the right maxilla were taken with the animals under general anesthesia, and three incisors, one canine, three premolars and one molar teeth were included in the intraoral and extraoral images. The radiographic images were analyzed and a qualitative comparison of pairs of intraoral and conventional images from the same animals was achieved. To establish the dental image procedures that were better adapted for cats, the McNemar Test (Modified Qui-Square) was used for statistical analysis. The intraoral technique was superior than the extra oral (P<0,05), for findings relating to increased periodontal space, broad root canal and rounded apex, and also for a more detailed evaluation of canine, premolar and molar teeth in cats.(AU)

Isolation and identification of feline calicivirus and feline herpesvirus in Southern Brazil

Feline calicivirus (FCV) and feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV-1) are the two primary causes of upper respiratory tract disease in cats. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the distribution of FCV and FHV-1 among the feline population of several counties in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. To this end, conjunctival and nasal swabs were collected from 302 cats from different locations, including households, breeding catteries, veterinary clinics, animal hospitals and experimental research facilities. The samples were collected between July 2006 to June 2009. The virus isolation was performed in CRFK cells and, subsequently, the identification was confirmed by PCR. FCV, FHV-1, or both were isolated from 55 cats from 28 different locations. FCV alone was isolated from 52.7% (29/55) of the animals that tested positively, FHV-1 alone was isolated from 38.2% (21/55) of the animals that tested positively, and co-infection were detected in 9.1% (5/55) of the animals that tested positively. Virus detection was more prevalent in cats that were less than 1 year old, among animals that shared a living space with other cats, and females. FCV and FHV-1 were isolated from vaccinated cats. In addition, both viruses were isolated from cats that showed no signs of disease. The results suggest that a carrier state is common for both viruses in the evaluated population. A search for other causes of respiratory disease in that population is necessary; and further studies relating to the molecular characterization of viruses and vaccine efficacy are also necessary.

Revisão das funções dos canis e gatis municipais no controle das populações caninas e felinas / Review the functions of municipal kennels and catteries in canines and felines populations

Percebe-se que a maioria dos canis e gatis municipais se encontra com lotações acima das ideias e condições precárias. Ao mesmo tempo não há redução significativa no número de animais nas ruas e são alvos de muitas críticas por parte da sociedade. Nosso estudo demonstra que por mais recursos que recebam, normalmente escassos, nunca cumprirão os seus papéis caso não se reestudem as suas funções. Mostraremos que a origem do problema está na oferta de alimento encontrada na rua e que sempre haverá animal para consumí-la, seja o cão, o gato ou outro animal.AU

It is noticed that most kennels and catteries municipal meets manning above the ideal disrepair. At the same time there isnt a significant reduction in the number of animals on the streets, being targets of much criticism by society. Our study shows if same that by receiving more resources, usually scarce, never fulfill their roles if they do not reread their functions. Shows that the source of the problem is in the supply of food found in the street and there will always be animals to consume it, whether dog, cat or other animal.AU

Revisão das funções dos canis e gatis municipais no controle das populações caninas e felinas / Review the functions of municipal kennels and catteries in canines and felines populations

Percebe-se que a maioria dos canis e gatis municipais se encontra com lotações acima das ideias e condições precárias. Ao mesmo tempo não há redução significativa no número de animais nas ruas e são alvos de muitas críticas por parte da sociedade. Nosso estudo demonstra que por mais recursos que recebam, normalmente escassos, nunca cumprirão os seus papéis caso não se reestudem as suas funções. Mostraremos que a origem do problema está na oferta de alimento encontrada na rua e que sempre haverá animal para consumí-la, seja o cão, o gato ou outro animal.

It is noticed that most kennels and catteries municipal meets manning above the ideal disrepair. At the same time there isn’t a significant reduction in the number of animals on the streets, being targets of much criticism by society. Our study shows if same that by receiving more resources, usually scarce, never fulfill their roles if they do not reread their functions. Shows that the source of the problem is in the supply of food found in the street and there will always be animals to consume it, whether dog, cat or other animal.

Isolamento e caracterização de amostras de Bordetella bronchiseptica através da eletroforese em gel de campo pulsado (PFGE) / Isolation and characterization of Bordetella bronchiseptica strains by Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE)

Bordetella bronchiseptica é um dos agentes etiológicos da tosse dos canis, infecções do trato respiratório superior em gatos, rinite atrófica, broncopneumonia em suínos, sendo freqüentemente isolada em coelhos e animais de laboratório. O impacto deste agente em saúde humana ainda é subestimado, o risco da infecção de pessoas imunodeprimidas que tem contato com animais domésticos existe e é relatado na literatura. No Brasil não há estudos caracterizando o agente isolado a partir de espécies de animais de companhia. O conhecimento dos aspectos epidemiológicos da infecção por Bordetella bronchiseptica é de fundamental importância para a adoção de medidas efetivas de controle e prevenção da infecção em seres humanos e animais domésticos, neste sentido, estudos de epidemiologia molecular são de grande relevância. O presente estudo tem como objetivos caracterizar amostras de Bordetella bronchiseptica isoladas de cães e gatos através da eletroforese em campo pulsado (PFGE) e do perfil de resistência a antimicrobianos. Foram isoladas 45 amostras provenientes de três cães e onze gatos de diferentes gatis, canis e clínicas veterinárias e as mesmas foram discriminadas em sete perfis através dos padrões de resistência e em quatorze perfis genotípicos através da PFGE

Bordetella bronchiseptica is one of the etiologic agents of kennel cough, cat superior respiratory tract infections, swine bronchopneumonia, being frequently isolated from rabbits and laboratory animals. The impact of this agent in human health is still underestimated; the risk of immunosuppressed persons who have contact with domestic animals exists and is reported in literature. In Brasil, there are no studies characterizing the agent isolated from pet species. The knowledge of epidemiological aspects of Bordetella bronchiseptica is of fundamental importance to adopt effective control measures and prevention of human and domestic animals, in that sense, studies of molecular epidemiology are very relevant. This study aims to characterize strains of Bordetella bronchiseptica from dogs and cats through pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and antimicrobial resistance profile. Forty five strains from three dogs and eleven cats from different catteries, shelters, and veterinary clinics were separated in seven profiles based in resistance patterns and fourteen genotypic profiles through PFGE

Radiografia intra-oral e convencional da hemiarcada superior direita de gatos domésticos

A proposta inicial deste projeto de pesquisa constituiu-se em avaliar a hemiarcada superior direita de gatos domésticos por meio de técnicas radiográficas odontológicas do paralelismo, à semelhança do que é utilizada em seres humanos, empregando-se filmes intra-orais aos posicionadores de Han Shin. As imagens obtidas por esta metodologia foram correlacionadas com as técnicas radiográficas convencionais (extra-orais), com o intuito de se estabelecer vantagens ou desvantagens como praticidade, nitidez e facilidade para detectar possíveis afecções dentais e periodontais. Foram utilizados 30 gatos, sem raça definida, 17 machos e 13 fêmeas, faixa etária entre dois e três anos, criados e confinados em gatis do Centro de Manutenção de Animais do Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Lavras/MG. Com os animais sob anestesia geral, foram realizadas radiografias da hemiarcada superior direita, incluindo, de acordo com a técnica, três incisivos, canino, três pré-molares e molar em radiografias intra-orais e extra-orais. As imagens radiográficas foram analisadas e efetuaram-se comparações qualitativas entre pares intra-orais e convencionais dos mesmos animais. Para se estabelecer a técnica radiográfica dental mais bem adaptada, foram realizadas análises estatísticas por meio do Teste de McNemar (Qui-quadrado modificado). De acordo com esse teste, a técnica intra-oral mostrou ser superior a extra-oral (p?0,05), não somente para achados referentes a espaço periodontal aumentado, canal radicular amplo e arredondamento de ápice, mas também para a avaliação mais bem detalhada de dentes caninos, pré-molares e molares em gatos

The aim of this research was to evaluate the right maxilla hemiarcade of cats through parallel dental radiographic techniques, similar to that used in humans, applying Han Shin intraoral film positioner. Images obtained by this method were correlated with conventional radiographic techniques (extraoral). The goal was to establish advantages and disadvantages such as practicality, sharpness and easiness to detect possible dental and periodontal diseases. Thirty mixed breed cats were evaluated, 17 males and 13 females, ages two to three years old, raised and confined in catteries in the Center of Rearing of Animals of Department of Zootecnia of Federal University of Lavras/MG. Radiographies of the right maxilla were taken with the animals under general anesthesia, and according to the technique, three incisors, canine, three premolars and molar teeth were included in the intraoral and extraoral images. The radiographic images were analyzed and qualitative comparison of pairs of intraoral and conventional images from the same animals were achieved. To establish the dental image procedures that was better adapted for cats, the McNemar Test (Modified Qui-Square) was used for statistical analysis. The intraoral technique was superior than the extraoral (p?0,05), not only for findings relating to increased periodontal space, broad root canal and rounded apex, but also for a more detailed evaluation of canine, premolar and molar teeth in cats

Chlamydophila felis em gatos (Felis catus) : detecção de antígeno e pesquisa de anticorpos

O presente trabalho, primeiro estudo sobre clamidiose felina no Brasil, teve o objetivo de pesquisar a presença direta e indireta de Chlamydophila (elis em gatos domésticos provenientes de cinco municípios da região nordeste do estado de São Paulo. Adicionalmente, correlacionar os dados de ficha clínica com os resultados positivos obtidos nos três testes laboratoriais utilizados, ou seja, reação em cadeia pela polimerase (PCR), reação de imunotluorescência indireta (RI FI) e reação de fixação do complemento (RFC). O grupo experimental final foi constituído de 151 animais, dos quais 73 eram provenientes de gatis, 18 de clínica/hospitais veterinários e 60 de abrigos públicos para animais. Das 151 amostras de suabes de conjuntiva submetidas à PCR, em 6,0% (9/151) foi encontrado DNA de C. (elis. Anticorpos anti-Chlamydiaceae foram detectados em 72,1% (106/147) das amostras de soros submetidas à RIFI. Em somente 9,4% (10/106) dos soros positivos à RIFI, foram detectados anticorpos fixadores do complemento, revelando que a RFC, embora específica, apresenta baixa sensibilidade quando utilizada na pesquisa de anticorpos anti-Chlamydiaceae em gatos domésticos. Foi também observado que gatos provenientes de gatis, animais com idade maior que um ano e inferior a seis anos, bem como as fêmeas, estão mais predispostos a soroprevalência para C.felis pela RIFI. Entretanto, tais resultados não foram observados nos animais PCR positivo. Ademais, pode-se verificar uma estreita relação entre as presenças de DNA clamidial e de anticorpos anti-Chlamydiaceae em gatos domésticos brasileiros aos dados das fichas clínica relacionados à doença do trato respiratório superior, a secreção ocular e a conjuntivite

This work, first study about feline chlamydiosis in Brazil, had the objective to evaluate the direct and indirect presence to Chlamydophila felis in domestic cats coming trom tive cities of northeast of São Paulo state. Additionally, relate informations of clinical records with positives results get in the three laboratories tests used, whatever, complement fixation test (CFT), immunofluorescende assay (IFI) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Experimental group had 151 animais, witch 73 coming from catteries, 18 coming trom veterinary clinicallhospital and 60 coming from public animal shelters. From 151 samples of conjunctival swabs submitled to PCR, in 6% (9/151) were detect DNA of C.felis. Anti-Chlamydophila antibodies were detect in 72,1%(106/147) of samples of serum submitted to IFI. In just 9,4% (10/106) of the positive serums in IFI, had complement fixation antibodies, detected by CFT. The CFT, although specific, presented low sensibility when to use to research of anti-Chlamydiaceae antibodies in domestic cats. In cats from catteries, animais between one and six year, and female were more predispose to a presence of antibodies anti-Chlamydophila by IFI. However, these results were not observed in animais PCR positive. Thus, was observed a relationship between the presence of chlamydial DNA and antibodies anti-Chlamydiaceae in Brazilian domestic cats, added with informations of clinical records, like with upper respiratory tract disease, ocular discharge and conjunctivitis