Canine ringworm caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes - detection by SYBR-Green real-time PCR

Background: Dermatophytes, fungi of universal distribution, invade semi or fully keratinized structures, such as skin, fur/ hair and nails. The various species of dermatophytes are classified into three genera anamorphic: Microsporum, Trichophyton and Epidermophyton. The genus Epidermophyton includes only E. floccosum, that rarely affects animals. The main species responsible for the disease in dogs and cats are Microsporum canis, M. gypseum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes, which were characterized through conventional mycological methodology (microscopic examination with KOH and culture). Molecular methodologies, such as real-time PCR, can contribute to a rapid laboratory diagnosis, helping clinicians to initiate an early antifungal treatment. This case report describes a case of canine dermatophytosis due to Trichophyton mentagrophytes detected from a clinical sample by SYBR-Green real-time PCR. Case: A 8-year-old dog, rescued from the street, was referred to a private veterinary clinic in the city of Canoas, RS, Brazil, presenting generalized lymphadenomegaly, crusted lesions all over the body, generalized alopecia, signs of excoriation and epistaxis. Initially, were administered prednisone [1 mg/kg every 48 h, BID] and cephalexin [30 mg/kg, BID]. Weekly baths with benzoyl peroxide were also given. The therapy was not clinically successful. Wood's Lamp Test was negative. As a differential diagnosis, PCR for detection of Leishmania was negative. Complete blood count and serum biochemical assay were also performed. For mycological diagnosis, hair specimen was clarified and examined microscopically using 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH) for the visualization of chains of arthroconidia (ectothrix invasion of hair). The infected hair was plated onto MycoselTM Agar, incubated at 28°C for 15 days. Microscopy of hyphae/ conidia and macroscopic colony characteristics (colors and texture) were conducted for the differentiation of the species within the genus Microsporum and Trichophyton. In addition, real-time PCR was applied for direct analysis of the fungal DNA obtained from the hair sample. Microscopic examination was negative. The dermatophyte present in the hair sample was confirmed as Trichophyton mentagrophytes by culture and qPCR (melting-point analysis). The patient was treated with systemic itraconazole [10 mg/ kg SID - 90 days]. Twice-weekly application of 2.5 % miconazole and 2% chlorhexidine shampoo until complete cure. Discussion: Dermatophytosis is often listed as self-limiting infection; however, animal dermatophytosis can spread between pets, as well as a zoonotic transmission to humans. The literature on dermatophytosis indicates that Microsporum canis is the predominant etiological agent, followed by M. gypseum. Trichophyon mentagrophytes that appear in a lower percentage of isolation. The culture of hair, even with specific medium containing chloramphenicol and cyclohexamide, may present contaminating fungi, not related to dermatophytosis, which can inhibit or override the growth of dermatophytes. The use of real-time PCR provided a faster and specific diagnosis of dermatophytosis when compared to the conventional mycological methodology for detection and identification of T. mentagrophytes, which takes around 10 to 15 days for culture. It is possible to use this technique as an alternative diagnosis for dermatophytes associated to clinical hair samples of dogs.

Pilomatricoma benigno em cão da raça Shih-Tzu / Benign pilomatricoma in a Shih-Tzu dog

Background: Pilomatricomas are neoplasms of hair follicles, located in the hair bulb, and the incidence is uncommon in the clinical-surgical clinical routine of dogs and cats. It commonly affects adult animals, with no predisposition to sex or race, and is mainly located in the neck, back, and tail region. The diagnosis is made by histopathological examination, where cells are observed in which their nucleus does not stain with hematoxylin and eosin - empty nucleus. The present work aimed to report a case of benign pilomatricoma since it is a rare condition in dogs and cats and, consequently, there is little information in the literature. Case: A 6-year-old male Shih-Tzu dog, not submitted to surgical contraception, weighing 6.9 kg, was treated at the Veterinary School Hospital (HVE) of the North Parana State University (UENP), Bandeirantes, PR, Brazil, with a history of nodules in the tail region, lasting 6 months. On physical examination, no changes were identified in the patient's physiological parameters. However, the presence of neoformations in the distal and medial region of the tail, similar to a nail, adherent, non-ulcerated and non-alopecic, and absence of pruritus or self-mutilation were identified. Vaccination and deworming were updated. Hematological examination, serum biochemicals (urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and albumin), and abdominal ultrasound showed no changes. According to the clinical and laboratory signs, it was decided to perform an excisional biopsy, using a caudectomy, for subsequent histopathological examination. The specimens were fixed in 10% formaldehyde and sent for histopathological examination. Histological examination was compatible with benign pilomatricoma. Postoperatively, cephalexin, dipyrone, tramadol hydrochloride, and meloxicam were prescribed, surgical wound cleaning, and the use of an Elizabethan collar until the suture was removed. After 10 days of the surgical procedure, the patient was asked to remove the sutures, and no changes were identified regarding the physiological parameters and blood count. Discussion: Pilomatricomas are commonly benign neoplasms arising from the germ cells of the follicular matrix. They present dermal or subdermal forms, with several cystic structures which are surrounded by keratinocytes, similar to the matrix cells of an anagen hair follicle, more keratinized and firmer areas, corroborating the results of the present report. In the ultrasound examination, the presence of intra-abdominal metastases was not identified, which is consistent with the literature, since in this type of neoplasm it is not common to identify foci of intra-abdominal and thoracic metastases. In the present report, immunohistochemistry was not used, even though it is used to differentiate follicular neoplasms from pilomatricomas. However, histopathological examination is considered the best method for the definitive diagnosis of pilomatricomas in dogs. It was concluded that the surgical treatment through excisional biopsy, with safety margins of 2 cm, was effective as a therapeutic method in the case of benign pilomatricoma, and the definitive diagnosis must be made through histopathological examination.

Susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos de bactérias isoladas de leite caprino em Sergipe - Brasil / Antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria isolated from goat milk in Sergipe - Brazil

Background: Bacterial resistance is a fundamental aspect of One Health, which is defined as the inseparable unity of animal, human, and environmental health. Epidemiological surveillance on the spread of bacterial resistance in animals and their derived products is essential given that meat, milk, and dairy products can carry resistant microorganisms that may reach humans through the food chain either by direct consumption or by handling the product. To eliminate the scarcity of information, it is necessary to characterize the epidemiological situation in terms of bacterial resistance in dairy production in northeastern Brazil. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of bacteria isolated from goat milk samples from some municipalities in the Brazilian state of Sergipe. Materials, Methods & Results: The study included 28 goat farms in 4 municipalities of the Semiarid region of the State of Sergipe in Northeastern Brazil, namely Canindé de São Francisco (n = 11), Nossa Senhora da Glória (n = 6), Poço Verde (n = 6), and Porto da Folha (n = 5). All lactating does of each herd (n = 263) aged >1 year were, sampled randomly by non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Milk samples were collected from both teats, resulting in 526 samples in total. Bacterial culturing and isolation were performed, followed by antimicrobial susceptibility profile analysis to the following active principles: amoxicillin with and without clavulanic acid, amikacin, ampicillin with sulbactam, ciprofloxacin, cefalexin, cefalotin, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, doxycycline, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin, penicillin G, and tetracycline. A survey form was used to obtain zootechnical information for each farm. Data are described as absolute and relative frequencies. The significance assessment of the differences between herd characteristics and bacterial isolation was performed using Pearson's chi-squared test. Bacterial isolation occurred in 15.4% (81/526) of the samples from 23.2% (61/263) of the goats. Escherichia coli (45.9% = 28/61), Staphylococcus caprae (16.4% = 10/61) and Enterococcus faecalis (11.5% = 7/61), were the most frequently isolated species. Bacterial isolations were predominant in dairy herds with up to 50 animals, production of 20 to 50 L/day and in the municipality of Porto da Folha. In terms of antimicrobial susceptibility, most isolates demonstrated resistance to penicillin and amoxicillin (88.5%), followed by ceftriaxone (23%), ofloxacin (23%), tetracycline (23%), doxycycline (19.7%), chloramphenicol (11.5%), levofloxacin (11.5%), ampicillin/ sulbactam (8.2%), amikacin (6.6%), cephalothin (4.9%), cephalexin (3.3%) and gentamicin (3.3%). Approximately 20% of the isolates were multidrug resistant, especially E. coli (50%) and S. aureus (16.7%). Discussion: E. coli was the most frequently isolated species from the samples. It is considered an environmental pathogen, and its high frequency in different herds indicates poor milking hygiene. E. coli also stood out as the species presenting the most multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates (50%), with strains resistant to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, quinolones, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol. Coagulase-negative staphylococci are recognized as a public health problem as they are etiological agents of various diseases and can easily acquire antimicrobial resistance genes. Although it was not the most frequently isolated species, S. aureus was the species with the second-highest frequency of MDR strains. The presence of MDR species is relevant and indicates the need for urgent action to reduce the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. Relevant steps must be taken jointly by professionals involved in human, animal, and environmental health.

Retrospective study of bacterial agents found in urine culture of dogs: antimicrobial sensitivity and resistance profile / Estudo retrospectivo de agentes bacterianos observados na urocultura de cães: perfil de sensibilidade e resistência antimicrobiana

Urinary tract infections are commonly diagnosed in dogs, accounting for 2 to 3% of cases in the clinical routine, as cystitis being the most reported condition. Dogs of all ages and breeds can be affected, and early diagnosis is an important tool for therapeutic success. Urine culture and antibiogram are gold-standard tests for the diagnosis of bacterial cystitis, allowing correct therapy and better recovery of the patient, since currently there is great resistance to antimicrobials used in the veterinary clinics. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the main etiological agents isolated in dog urine cultures, as well as the resistance and sensitivity profile of the isolated agents in relation to antibiotics, in order to assist the clinician ́s choice of the most appropriate antimicrobial, aiming at the patient's therapeutic success. For this study, a retrospective study was performed of 49 samples of urine cultures of male and female dogs, collected between 2012 and 2021, which were positive for bacterial growth. From this analysis, it was observed that Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp. and Staphylococcus spp. were the most isolated agents, presenting higher antimicrobial resistance to cephalexin, sulfadiazine plus trimethoprim, ampicillin, enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, respectively.(AU)

s infecções do trato urinário são comumente diagnosticadas em cães, representando de 2 a 3% dos casos na rotina clínica, sendo a cistite a afecção mais relatada. Cães de todas as idades e raças podem ser acometidos, sendo o diagnóstico precoce uma ferramenta importante para o sucesso terapêutico. A urocultura e o antibiograma são exames padrão-ouro para o diagnóstico das cistites bacterianas, permitindo a terapêutica correta e melhor recuperação do paciente, já que atualmente há grande resistência aos antimicrobianos empregados na rotina clínica veterinária. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi determinar os principais agentes etiológicos isolados nas uroculturas de cães, bem como o perfil de resistência e sensibilidade dos agentes isolados frente aos antibióticos, de modo a auxiliar o médico veterinário na eleição do antimicrobiano mais adequado, visando sucesso terapêutico do paciente. Para realização deste estudo foi feita uma análise retrospectiva de 49 uroculturas de cães machos e fêmeas, coletadas entre os anos de 2012 e 2021, as quais apresentaram crescimento bacteriano positivo. A partir desta análise foi observado que Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp. e Staphylococcus spp. foram os agentes mais isolados nas uroculturas, apresentando maior resis-tência aos antimicrobianos cefalexina, sulfazotrim ampicilina, enrofloxacina e ciprofloxacina, respectivamente.(AU)

Ceftiofur efficacy in the intramammary extended treatment of staphylococcal subclinical mastitis in primiparous cows / Eficácia do ceftiofur no tratamento estendido intramamário da mastite subclínica por estafilococos em vacas primíparas

Extended therapy is an alternative approach to treat nonresponsive staphylococcal mastitis, although it has been used mainly in adult cows. This study investigated the efficacy of intramammary ceftiofur in the treatment of staphylococcal subclinical mastitis in primiparous cows. Sixty primiparous cows Holstein were divided into four groups (G1 = Group negative to staphylococci infection, G2 = Group positive to staphylococci infection untreated with intramammary ceftiofur, Group, G3 = Group treated with intramammary ceftiofur early lactation, G4 = Group treated with intramammary ceftiofur late lactation group) with milk samples collected at five moments (M0 = diagnosis of subclinical mastitis, M1 = 7 days after diagnosis of subclinical mastitis and early extended therapy, M2 = 14 after the diagnosis of subclinical mastitis, M3 = 21 days after diagnosis of mastitis) and M4 = 28 days after diagnosis of mastitis). In groups G3 and G4, which were treated with intramammary ceftiofur, the microbiological cure was evidenced by a reduction in SCC of 73.3% and 46.7%, respectively. Thus, in the treated groups (G3 + G4) and untreated (G2), cure rates were 60% and 26.7%, respectively (P <0.05). Forty-five strains of staphylococci were Motta, R. G. et al.1958Semina: Ciênc. Agrár. Londrina, v. 43, n. 5, p. 1957-1974, set./out. 2022isolated, with a predominance of S. aureus (51,1%) and S. intermedius (48,8%). The in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility pattern showed higher sensitivity indices of isolates for oxacillin (80%), ceftiofur (77.8%), cephalexin (77.8%), ciprofloxacin (66.7%), and gentamicin (60%). In contrast, cloxacillin (24.4%), penicillin (35.6%), and tetracycline (44.5%) were ineffective antimicrobials for staphylococci isolates. Among the milk samples taken when M0 and M1 (7 days after isolation), 13.3% were positive for the detection of the inhibiting substances (antimicrobials) in Delvotest™ and all negative in the Snap test™, whereas in the M2 (14 days after isolation), 55% were positive in Delvotest™ and 46.7% in the Snap test™. Twenty-one days after diagnosis (M3), 16.7% revealed positive results in Delvotest™ and 11.7% in the Snap test™. For M4 (28 days after isolation), 11.7% showed positive results in Delvotest™, and 8.3% revealed positive results in the Snap test™. There was a reduction in SCC among all cured animals. Significant results were identified for milk production in the M0, so G1 produced more milk than the other three groups, G2, G3, and G4. A statistical association was observed between the reduction in the volume of daily milk and production in animals with subclinical mastitis, denoting losses in milk production in primiparous bovines infected during lactation by staphylococci. Extended intramammary therapy with ceftiofur in bovine primiparous cows subclinically affected by staphylococcal mastitis is effective mainly in cases treated at the beginning of lactation, showing microbiological cure and reduction in SCC.(AU)

O estudo presente investigou a eficácia do ceftiofur intramamário no tratamento da mastite subclínica por estafilococos em primíparas bovinas. Foram utilizados 60 animais da raça holandesa, divididos em quadro grupos (G1 = Grupo negativo, G2 = Grupo positivo não tratado com ceftiofur intramamário, G3 = Grupo tratado com ceftiofur intramamário no início da lactação, G4 = Grupo tratado com ceftiofur intramamário no final da lactação), com amostras de leite coletadas em cinco momentos (M0 = diagnóstico da mastite subclínica, M1 = 7 dias após diagnóstico e início da terapia estendida, M2 = dia 14 após o diagnóstico da mastite subclínica, M3 = dia 21 após o diagnóstico da mastite, M4 = dia 28 após o diagnóstico da mastite). Nos grupos tratados com ceftiofur intramamário, foi evidenciada a cura microbiológica com redução na CCS em 73,3% no G3 e 46,7% no G4. Nos grupos tratados (G3+G4) e não tratado (G2), as taxas de cura foram, respectivamente, 60% e 26,7% (p<0,05). Foram isoladas 45 linhagens de estafilococos, com predomínio de S. aureus (51,1%) e S. intermedius (48,8%). O perfil de sensibilidade microbiana "in vitro" dos isolados apresentou maiores índices de sensibilidade para oxacilina (80%), ceftiofur (77,8%) e cefalexina (77,8%), ciprofloxacino (66,7%) e gentamicina (60%). Em contraste, cloxacilina (24,4%), penicilina (35,6%) e tetraciclina (44,5%) foram os antimicrobianos menos efetivos diante dos estafilococos isolados. Nas amostras de leite colhidas nos momentos M0 e M1, 13,3% foram positivas para o teste de detecção de substâncias inibidoras na prova de Delvotest™ e todas negativas no Snap test™. Já, no M2, 55% foram positivas no Delvotest™ e 46,7% no Snap test™. No M3, 16,7% positivas no Delvotest™ e no 11,7% no Snap test™. No M4, 11,7% positivas no Delvotest™ e 8,3% no Snaptest™, dois dias após o término do tratamento (M2). Foram identificados nos grupos G3 e G4 a presença de animais positivos em 96,7% para o Delvotest™ e 90% para o Snap test™. Ocorreu redução na CCS em todos os animais curados. Foram identificados resultados significativos para a produção de leite no MO, posto que o G1 produziu mais leite se comparado aos outros três grupos G2, G3 e G4. Foi observada associação estatística entre a redução no volume de leite diário e a produção nos animais com mastite subclínica, denotando prejuízos na produção de leite em primíparas bovinas infectadas na lactação por estafilococos. A terapia intramamária estendida com ceftiofur em primíparas com mastite estafilocócica é eficaz principalmente nos casos tratados no início da lactação, mostrando cura microbiológica e redução da CCS, indicando que esta abordagem terapêutica alternativa pode ser utilizada para o tratamento de novilhas.(AU)

Biofilm forming antimicrobial-multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus / Multirresistência antimicrobiana de Staphylococcus aureus formadores de biofilme

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the main agents isolated from bovine mastitis cases, characterized by lower cure rates compared to other pathogens causing this disease. This phenomenon is mainly explained by the multiresistance acquisition to antimicrobials and the ability of S. aureus to form biofilms on biotic and abiotic surfaces. In this work 15 samples of S. aureus isolated from the automated milking facility were analyzed regarding the resistance profile to antimicrobials, virulence factors (capsule production, hemolysin, and protease) and adhesion capacity under different temperatures (42±1°C, 36±1°C, 25±1°C, 9±1°C, and 3±1°C). All isolates showed methicillin-resistant (MRSA) characteristics and multidrug resistance profile to the antimicrobials tested (penicillin G, chloramphenicol, oxacillin, cephalexin, tetracycline, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, sulfa + trimetropim, gentamicin, doxycycline, ceftiofur, neomycin, and vancomycin) with an IRMA index between 0.5 and 1.0. Five isolates were resistant to vancomycin (VRSA), two were resistant to all active principles, and the others to at least six of these drugs. Adhesion capacity and biofilm formation were found in 3 of the 5 evaluated temperatures, including the cooling conditions. Regarding the virulence factors, 86.7% of the isolates formed capsules, 60% revealed the presence of protease, 26.7% expressed the α-hemolysin factor, and 13.3% of them presented β-hemolysin. The fact that all isolates presented MRSA characteristics represents a potential risk to those exposed to this agent, and the formation of biofilm in liners even after the use of detergents and sanitization highlights the urgency of searching for alternatives for dispersion of the biofilm by S. aureusin the automated milking facility.

O Staphylococcus aureus é um dos principais agentes isolados de casos de mastite bovina, caracterizado por menores taxas de cura em comparação com outros patógenos desta enfermidade. Esse fenômeno é explicado principal-mente pela aquisição de resistência à antimicrobianos e a capacidade do S. aureus formar biofilmes em superficies bióti-cas e abióticas. Neste trabalho foram utilizadas 15 amostras de S. aureus isolados de ordenhadeira, analisados quanto ao perfil de resistência à antimicrobianos, fatores de virulência (produção de cápsula, hemolisina e protease) e capacidade de adesão sob diferentes temperaturas (42±1°C, 36±1°C, 25±1ºC, 9±1ºC e 3±1ºC). Todos os isolados apresentaram perfil de multirresistência aos antimicrobianos testados (penicilina G, cloranfenicol, oxacilina, cefalexina, tetraciclina, amoxicilina + ácido clavulônico, sulfa + trimetropim, gentamicina, doxiciclina, ceftiofur, neomicina e vancomicina) com índice IRMA entre 0,5 a 1,0. Duas cepas foram resistentes a todos os princípios ativos e as demais a pelo menos seis destes fármacos. Os isolados avaliados apresentaram característica de meticilina-resistentes (MRSA) e destes, 33,34% (5/15) foram resistentes à vancomicina (VRSA). Houve capacidade de adesão e formação de biofilmes em 3 das 5 tem-peraturas avaliadas, incluindo as temperaturas de refrigeração. Em relação aos fatores de virulência, 86,7% dos isolados formaram cápsula, 60% presença de protease, 26,7% expressaram o fator α-hemolisina e 13,3% β-hemolisina. O fato de todos isolados apresentarem característica MRSA representa um risco potencial aos expostos a esse agente. Já a for-mação de biofilmes em teteiras, mesmo após detergência e sanitização, destacam a urgência de alternativas de dispersão de biofilmes no ambiente de ordenha.

Biofilm forming antimicrobial-multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus / Multirresistência antimicrobiana de Staphylococcus aureus formadores de biofilme

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the main agents isolated from bovine mastitis cases, characterized by lower cure rates compared to other pathogens causing this disease. This phenomenon is mainly explained by the multiresistance acquisition to antimicrobials and the ability of S. aureus to form biofilms on biotic and abiotic surfaces. In this work 15 samples of S. aureus isolated from the automated milking facility were analyzed regarding the resistance profile to antimicrobials, virulence factors (capsule production, hemolysin, and protease) and adhesion capacity under different temperatures (42±1°C, 36±1°C, 25±1°C, 9±1°C, and 3±1°C). All isolates showed methicillin-resistant (MRSA) characteristics and multidrug resistance profile to the antimicrobials tested (penicillin G, chloramphenicol, oxacillin, cephalexin, tetracycline, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, sulfa + trimetropim, gentamicin, doxycycline, ceftiofur, neomycin, and vancomycin) with an IRMA index between 0.5 and 1.0. Five isolates were resistant to vancomycin (VRSA), two were resistant to all active principles, and the others to at least six of these drugs. Adhesion capacity and biofilm formation were found in 3 of the 5 evaluated temperatures, including the cooling conditions. Regarding the virulence factors, 86.7% of the isolates formed capsules, 60% revealed the presence of protease, 26.7% expressed the α-hemolysin factor, and 13.3% of them presented β-hemolysin. The fact that all isolates presented MRSA characteristics represents a potential risk to those exposed to this agent, and the formation of biofilm in liners even after the use of detergents and sanitization highlights the urgency of searching for alternatives for dispersion of the biofilm by S. aureusin the automated milking facility.(AU)

O Staphylococcus aureus é um dos principais agentes isolados de casos de mastite bovina, caracterizado por menores taxas de cura em comparação com outros patógenos desta enfermidade. Esse fenômeno é explicado principal-mente pela aquisição de resistência à antimicrobianos e a capacidade do S. aureus formar biofilmes em superficies bióti-cas e abióticas. Neste trabalho foram utilizadas 15 amostras de S. aureus isolados de ordenhadeira, analisados quanto ao perfil de resistência à antimicrobianos, fatores de virulência (produção de cápsula, hemolisina e protease) e capacidade de adesão sob diferentes temperaturas (42±1°C, 36±1°C, 25±1ºC, 9±1ºC e 3±1ºC). Todos os isolados apresentaram perfil de multirresistência aos antimicrobianos testados (penicilina G, cloranfenicol, oxacilina, cefalexina, tetraciclina, amoxicilina + ácido clavulônico, sulfa + trimetropim, gentamicina, doxiciclina, ceftiofur, neomicina e vancomicina) com índice IRMA entre 0,5 a 1,0. Duas cepas foram resistentes a todos os princípios ativos e as demais a pelo menos seis destes fármacos. Os isolados avaliados apresentaram característica de meticilina-resistentes (MRSA) e destes, 33,34% (5/15) foram resistentes à vancomicina (VRSA). Houve capacidade de adesão e formação de biofilmes em 3 das 5 tem-peraturas avaliadas, incluindo as temperaturas de refrigeração. Em relação aos fatores de virulência, 86,7% dos isolados formaram cápsula, 60% presença de protease, 26,7% expressaram o fator α-hemolisina e 13,3% β-hemolisina. O fato de todos isolados apresentarem característica MRSA representa um risco potencial aos expostos a esse agente. Já a for-mação de biofilmes em teteiras, mesmo após detergência e sanitização, destacam a urgência de alternativas de dispersão de biofilmes no ambiente de ordenha.(AU)

Etiologia microbiana e perfil de resistência bacteriana in vitro em otites externas de cães: estudo retrospectivo em animais atendidos na rotina de hospital veterinário (2013 a 2020) / Microbial etiology and in vitro bacterial resistance profile in external dogs otitis: retrospective study in animals attended in the routine of veterinary hospital (2013 to 2020) / Etiología microbiana y perfil de resistencia bacteriana in vitro en otitis externa en perros: estudio retrospectivo en animales atendidos en la rutina de hospital veterinario (2013 a 2020)

El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar la microbiota y describir el perfil de sensibilidad de las bacterias a los antimicrobianos en perros con otitis externa tratados en un hospital veterinario. Para ello, se analizaron 559 muestras otológicas de perros con clínica de otitis externa sometidas a cultivo y antibiograma. Hubo crecimiento de microorganismos en el 93,6% (523/559) de las muestras, y en el 88,5% (463/523) hubo crecimiento de bacterias, 5,7% (30/523) de levaduras y 5,7% (30/523) infecciones mixtas. Se obtuvieron 702 cepas, Staphylococcus spp. 55,1% (387/702), Pseudomonas spp. 11,8% (83/702) y Proteus mirabilis 9,8% (69/702) los agentes bacterianos más aislados. Entre las levaduras, Malassezia pachydermatis 10,3% (54/523) fue la más frecuente. En cuanto a los resultados del perfil de sensibilidad de las bacterias a los antimicrobianos, se observó que las bacterias Gram positivas Staphylococcus spp. y Streptococcus spp. mostraron mayor sensibilidad a amoxicilina + ácido clavulánico, con 92,5% y 100% de cepas sensibles. Las bacterias gram negativas Pseudomonas spp., P. mirabilis y Escherichia coli, presentaron sensibilidad mayor al 90% a la tobramicina. Entre todos los agentes bacterianos, Pseudomonas spp. fue el que mostró mayores tasas de resistencia frente a amoxicilina + ácido clavulánico (6,2%), cefalexina (7,4%) y sulfametoxazol + trimetoprima (13,6%)...

The objective of this work was to identify the microbial etiology and describe the sensitivity profile of bacteria to antimicrobials in dogs with otitis externa attended at a veterinary school hospital. For this, 559 otological samples from dogs with clinical signs of otitis externa submitted to culture and antibiogram were analyzed. There was growth of microorganisms in 93.6% (523/559) of the samples, and in 88.5% (463/523) there was the growth of bacteria, in 5.7% (30/523) the growth of yeasts and 5.7% (30/523) mixed infections. 702 strains were obtained, being Staphylococcus spp. 55.1% (387/702), Pseudomonas spp. 11.8% (83/702) and Proteus mirabilis 9.8% (69/702) the most isolated bacterial agents. Among yeasts, Malassezia pachydermatis 10.3% (54/523) was the most frequent. Regarding the results of the sensitivity profile of bacteria to antimicrobials, it was observed that Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. showed greater sensitivity to amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, with 92.5% and 100% of sensitive strains. Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas spp., P. mirabilis and Escherichia coli, presented sensitivity greater than 90% to tobramycin. Among all bacterial agents, Pseudomonas spp. was the one that demonstrated the highest resistance rates against amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (6.2%), cephalexin (7.4%) and sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim (13.6%)...

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar a etiologia microbiana e descrever o perfil de sensibilidade das bactérias aos antimicrobianos em cães com otite externa atendidos em serviço hospitalar médico veterinário. Para isso, foram analisadas 559 amostras otológicas de cães com sinais clínicos de otite externa submetidas à cultura e antibiograma. Houve crescimento de microrganismos em 93,6% (523/559) das amostras, sendo que em 88,5% (463/523) houve crescimento de bactérias, 5,7% (30/523) crescimento de leveduras e 5,7% (30/523) infecções mistas. Foram obtidas 702 cepas, sendo Staphylococcus spp. 55,1% (387/702), Pseudomonas spp. 11,8% (83/702) e Proteus mirabilis 9,8% (69/702) os agentes bacterianos mais isolados. Dentre as leveduras, Malassezia pachydermatis 10,3% (54/523) foi a mais freqüente. Em relação aos resultados do perfil de sensibilidade das bactérias aos antimicrobianos, observou-se que as bactérias Gram-positivas Staphylococcus spp. e Streptococcus spp. apresentaram maior sensibilidade a amoxicilina + ácido clavulânico, com 92,5% e 100% das cepas sensíveis. Já as bactérias Gram-negativas Pseudomonas spp., P. mirabilis e Escherichia coli, apresentaram sensibilidade superior a 90% a tobramicina. Dentre todos os agentes bacterianos, Pseudomonas spp. foi o que demonstrou as maiores taxas de resistência frente a amoxicilina + ácido clavulânico (6,2%), cefalexina (7,4%) e...

Pododermatite em elefante-asiático (Elephas maximus Linnaeus, 1758), mantido sob cuidados humanos

El elefante és uno de los mamíferos terrestres más grandes, ellos son carismáticos y bastante populares en zoológicos. Una elefante asiatica hembra adulta (Elephas maximus), mantenida en cuidado humano, de aproximadamente 60 años, con un peso aproximado de tres toneladas, presentaba cojera de los miembros anteriores con pereza o desgana para moverse por el recinto y con antecedentes de pododermatitis en miembros anteriores. Se observaron lesiones en la planta de la pata anterior con presencia de secreción purulenta, tejido vivo con áreas de necrosis. Con la ayuda de hisopos estériles, se enviaron muestras de las lesiones al laboratorio para cultivo y antiobiograma. El resultado de laboratorio mostró el crecimiento bacteriano de Klebsiella sp y Citrobacter sp. El antiobiograma reveló sensibilidad a los antibióticos: amoxicilina y ácido clavulónico, cefalexina, enrofloxacina, gentamicina, neomicina y sulfametoxazol-trimetoprima.

The elephant is one of the largest land mammals, they are charismatic and quite popular in zoos. An asian elephant (Elephas maximus), adult female kept in human care, aged approximately 60 years, weighing approximately three tons, was presented limping of the forelimbs members with reluctance to move around and with a history of pododermatitis. Lesions were observed in the foot sole with the presence of purulent secretion, living tissue with areas of necrosis. With the aid of sterile swabbs, samples of the lesions were sent to the laboratory for culture and antibiogram. The laboratory result showed the bacterial growth of Klebsiella sp and Citrobacter sp. The antibiogram revealed sensitivity to the antibiotics: amoxicillin and clavulonic acid, cephalexin, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, neomycin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim.

O elefante é um dos maiores mamíferos terrestres, eles são carismáticos e bastante populares em jardins zoológicos. Um exemplar de elefante-asiático (Elephas maximus), fêmea, adulta, mantido sob cuidados humanos, com idade aproximada de 60 anos, pesando aproximadamente três toneladas, apresentava claudicação dos membros locomotores, relutância em se movimentar e com histórico de pododermatite em membros anteriores e posteriores. Foram observadas lesões na planta da pata com presença de secreção purulenta, hipequeratose, erosões e áreas de necrose. Com auxílio de swabs estéreis, amostras das lesões foram enviadas ao laboratório para cultura e antibiograma. O resultado laboratorial apontou o crescimento bacteriano de Klebsiella sp e Citrobacter sp. O antibiograma revelou sensibilidade para os antiobióticos: amoxicilina e ácido clavulônico, cefalexina, enrofloxacina, gentamicina, neomicina e sulfametoxazol-trimetoprim.

Caseous stomatitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Boa constrictor amarali

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a bacterium that belongs to the microbiota of snakes, but it may also be anopportunistic pathogen and contaminate humans through fecal contact, bites, and injuries. In snakes, this microorganismmay present high pathogenicity at certain conditions and have been associated with high morbidity and mortality. Reportsof infection of Boa constrictor by this pathogen are rare. Thus, this study aimed to describe the P. aeruginosa oral infection in a snake specimen (Boa constrictor amarali), approaching the isolation and identification of the infectious agentsinvolved, the antimicrobial sensitivity and resistance, and the therapeutic protocol adopted.Case: A free-living adult female specimen of Boa constrictor amarali (Amaral’s boa), with no described previous history was rescued in an urban area by the Environmental Police. Clinical evaluations showed structures of caseous aspectin the oral cavity, with hyperemia spots in the mucosa. Samples of these lesions were sent for mycological examination,and fungal forms were not found. Samples were collected for isolation and culture. The antimicrobial susceptibility of theisolated microorganisms was determined by the modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. P. aeruginosa was isolatedand showed susceptibility to amikacin, gentamicin, and polymyxin-B; intermediate susceptibility to azithromycin, and ciprofloxacin; and resistance to cephalexin, ceftiofur, chloramphenicol, and enrofloxacin. The treatment consisted of cleaningof the oral cavity, local infiltration of lidocaine for debridement of the caseous area that were later cauterized with iodine.Systemic antibiotic therapy was used, with intramuscular administration of amikacin (5 mg/kg) for the first dose and (2.5mg/kg) for the other doses with intervals of 72 h, and oral administration of metronidazole...

Etiologia microbiana e perfil de resistência bacteriana in vitro em otites externas de cães: estudo retrospectivo em animais atendidos na rotina de hospital veterinário (2013 a 2020) / Microbial etiology and in vitro bacterial resistance profile in external dogs otitis: retrospective study in animals attended in the routine of veterinary hospital (2013 to 2020) / Etiología microbiana y perfil de resistencia bacteriana in vitro en otitis externa en perros: estudio retrospectivo en animales atendidos en la rutina de hospital veterinario (2013 a 2020)

El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar la microbiota y describir el perfil de sensibilidad de las bacterias a los antimicrobianos en perros con otitis externa tratados en un hospital veterinario. Para ello, se analizaron 559 muestras otológicas de perros con clínica de otitis externa sometidas a cultivo y antibiograma. Hubo crecimiento de microorganismos en el 93,6% (523/559) de las muestras, y en el 88,5% (463/523) hubo crecimiento de bacterias, 5,7% (30/523) de levaduras y 5,7% (30/523) infecciones mixtas. Se obtuvieron 702 cepas, Staphylococcus spp. 55,1% (387/702), Pseudomonas spp. 11,8% (83/702) y Proteus mirabilis 9,8% (69/702) los agentes bacterianos más aislados. Entre las levaduras, Malassezia pachydermatis 10,3% (54/523) fue la más frecuente. En cuanto a los resultados del perfil de sensibilidad de las bacterias a los antimicrobianos, se observó que las bacterias Gram positivas Staphylococcus spp. y Streptococcus spp. mostraron mayor sensibilidad a amoxicilina + ácido clavulánico, con 92,5% y 100% de cepas sensibles. Las bacterias gram negativas Pseudomonas spp., P. mirabilis y Escherichia coli, presentaron sensibilidad mayor al 90% a la tobramicina. Entre todos los agentes bacterianos, Pseudomonas spp. fue el que mostró mayores tasas de resistencia frente a amoxicilina + ácido clavulánico (6,2%), cefalexina (7,4%) y sulfametoxazol + trimetoprima (13,6%)...(AU)

The objective of this work was to identify the microbial etiology and describe the sensitivity profile of bacteria to antimicrobials in dogs with otitis externa attended at a veterinary school hospital. For this, 559 otological samples from dogs with clinical signs of otitis externa submitted to culture and antibiogram were analyzed. There was growth of microorganisms in 93.6% (523/559) of the samples, and in 88.5% (463/523) there was the growth of bacteria, in 5.7% (30/523) the growth of yeasts and 5.7% (30/523) mixed infections. 702 strains were obtained, being Staphylococcus spp. 55.1% (387/702), Pseudomonas spp. 11.8% (83/702) and Proteus mirabilis 9.8% (69/702) the most isolated bacterial agents. Among yeasts, Malassezia pachydermatis 10.3% (54/523) was the most frequent. Regarding the results of the sensitivity profile of bacteria to antimicrobials, it was observed that Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. showed greater sensitivity to amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, with 92.5% and 100% of sensitive strains. Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas spp., P. mirabilis and Escherichia coli, presented sensitivity greater than 90% to tobramycin. Among all bacterial agents, Pseudomonas spp. was the one that demonstrated the highest resistance rates against amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (6.2%), cephalexin (7.4%) and sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim (13.6%)...(AU)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar a etiologia microbiana e descrever o perfil de sensibilidade das bactérias aos antimicrobianos em cães com otite externa atendidos em serviço hospitalar médico veterinário. Para isso, foram analisadas 559 amostras otológicas de cães com sinais clínicos de otite externa submetidas à cultura e antibiograma. Houve crescimento de microrganismos em 93,6% (523/559) das amostras, sendo que em 88,5% (463/523) houve crescimento de bactérias, 5,7% (30/523) crescimento de leveduras e 5,7% (30/523) infecções mistas. Foram obtidas 702 cepas, sendo Staphylococcus spp. 55,1% (387/702), Pseudomonas spp. 11,8% (83/702) e Proteus mirabilis 9,8% (69/702) os agentes bacterianos mais isolados. Dentre as leveduras, Malassezia pachydermatis 10,3% (54/523) foi a mais freqüente. Em relação aos resultados do perfil de sensibilidade das bactérias aos antimicrobianos, observou-se que as bactérias Gram-positivas Staphylococcus spp. e Streptococcus spp. apresentaram maior sensibilidade a amoxicilina + ácido clavulânico, com 92,5% e 100% das cepas sensíveis. Já as bactérias Gram-negativas Pseudomonas spp., P. mirabilis e Escherichia coli, apresentaram sensibilidade superior a 90% a tobramicina. Dentre todos os agentes bacterianos, Pseudomonas spp. foi o que demonstrou as maiores taxas de resistência frente a amoxicilina + ácido clavulânico (6,2%), cefalexina (7,4%) e...(AU)

Pododermatite em elefante-asiático (Elephas maximus Linnaeus, 1758), mantido sob cuidados humanos

El elefante és uno de los mamíferos terrestres más grandes, ellos son carismáticos y bastante populares en zoológicos. Una elefante asiatica hembra adulta (Elephas maximus), mantenida en cuidado humano, de aproximadamente 60 años, con un peso aproximado de tres toneladas, presentaba cojera de los miembros anteriores con pereza o desgana para moverse por el recinto y con antecedentes de pododermatitis en miembros anteriores. Se observaron lesiones en la planta de la pata anterior con presencia de secreción purulenta, tejido vivo con áreas de necrosis. Con la ayuda de hisopos estériles, se enviaron muestras de las lesiones al laboratorio para cultivo y antiobiograma. El resultado de laboratorio mostró el crecimiento bacteriano de Klebsiella sp y Citrobacter sp. El antiobiograma reveló sensibilidad a los antibióticos: amoxicilina y ácido clavulónico, cefalexina, enrofloxacina, gentamicina, neomicina y sulfametoxazol-trimetoprima.(AU)

The elephant is one of the largest land mammals, they are charismatic and quite popular in zoos. An asian elephant (Elephas maximus), adult female kept in human care, aged approximately 60 years, weighing approximately three tons, was presented limping of the forelimbs members with reluctance to move around and with a history of pododermatitis. Lesions were observed in the foot sole with the presence of purulent secretion, living tissue with areas of necrosis. With the aid of sterile swabbs, samples of the lesions were sent to the laboratory for culture and antibiogram. The laboratory result showed the bacterial growth of Klebsiella sp and Citrobacter sp. The antibiogram revealed sensitivity to the antibiotics: amoxicillin and clavulonic acid, cephalexin, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, neomycin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim.(AU)

O elefante é um dos maiores mamíferos terrestres, eles são carismáticos e bastante populares em jardins zoológicos. Um exemplar de elefante-asiático (Elephas maximus), fêmea, adulta, mantido sob cuidados humanos, com idade aproximada de 60 anos, pesando aproximadamente três toneladas, apresentava claudicação dos membros locomotores, relutância em se movimentar e com histórico de pododermatite em membros anteriores e posteriores. Foram observadas lesões na planta da pata com presença de secreção purulenta, hipequeratose, erosões e áreas de necrose. Com auxílio de swabs estéreis, amostras das lesões foram enviadas ao laboratório para cultura e antibiograma. O resultado laboratorial apontou o crescimento bacteriano de Klebsiella sp e Citrobacter sp. O antibiograma revelou sensibilidade para os antiobióticos: amoxicilina e ácido clavulônico, cefalexina, enrofloxacina, gentamicina, neomicina e sulfametoxazol-trimetoprim.(AU)

Caseous stomatitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Boa constrictor amarali

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a bacterium that belongs to the microbiota of snakes, but it may also be anopportunistic pathogen and contaminate humans through fecal contact, bites, and injuries. In snakes, this microorganismmay present high pathogenicity at certain conditions and have been associated with high morbidity and mortality. Reportsof infection of Boa constrictor by this pathogen are rare. Thus, this study aimed to describe the P. aeruginosa oral infection in a snake specimen (Boa constrictor amarali), approaching the isolation and identification of the infectious agentsinvolved, the antimicrobial sensitivity and resistance, and the therapeutic protocol adopted.Case: A free-living adult female specimen of Boa constrictor amarali (Amarals boa), with no described previous history was rescued in an urban area by the Environmental Police. Clinical evaluations showed structures of caseous aspectin the oral cavity, with hyperemia spots in the mucosa. Samples of these lesions were sent for mycological examination,and fungal forms were not found. Samples were collected for isolation and culture. The antimicrobial susceptibility of theisolated microorganisms was determined by the modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. P. aeruginosa was isolatedand showed susceptibility to amikacin, gentamicin, and polymyxin-B; intermediate susceptibility to azithromycin, and ciprofloxacin; and resistance to cephalexin, ceftiofur, chloramphenicol, and enrofloxacin. The treatment consisted of cleaningof the oral cavity, local infiltration of lidocaine for debridement of the caseous area that were later cauterized with iodine.Systemic antibiotic therapy was used, with intramuscular administration of amikacin (5 mg/kg) for the first dose and (2.5mg/kg) for the other doses with intervals of 72 h, and oral administration of metronidazole...(AU)

Endosurgery approach in a dog with thoracoabdominal injury

Background: Chest trauma is one of the main thoracic injuries in dogs and cats, reaching a high morbidity and mortality. The tissue damage, in thoracic trauma, can be underappreciated by visual exam and traditional radiography. The thoracoscopy can provide information for a precise definitive diagnosis, by this technique bleeding or air leakage can be identified and corrected immediately and the diaphragm can be completely evaluated. The aim of this work was to describe the thoracoscopic approach in a case of diaphragmatic perforation caused by penetrating trauma in a dog. Case: A 6-year-old male dog mixed-breed dog, weighing 14 kg with thorax perforation was presented to the Veterinary Hospital. Clinical examination of the animal revealed the following: pale mucous membranes, moderate dyspnea, open pneumothorax, abdominal distension, heart rate of 108 beats per minute and respiratory rate of 64 breaths per minute. Physical examination confirmed a 3 cm perforation hemorrhagic lesion in the left ninth intercostal space. As an emergency treatment, oxygen therapy, tramadol hydrochloride [Cronidor® 2%, 4 mg/kg, i.v, TID], tranexamic acid [Transamin® 25 mg/kg, i.v, TID], ceftriaxone [Rocefin® 50 mg/kg, i.v, BID] and fluid therapy with lactated Ringer's solution were administered. The hair was removed, and then, wound cleaning and obliteration of the wall injury with sterile gauze was performed. After the emergency stabilization, the animal was anesthetized, followed by preventive thoracocentesis by an approach close to thoracic perforation and thoracoscopy without pneumoperitonea through this thoracic perforation with 0-degree rigid endoscope. About 100 mL of blood and air was drained and diagnosed perforation in the diaphragm and pulmonary atelectasis in the caudal and left cranial lobes. the edges of the incisional wound were debrided, and the closure of thoracic incision was performed usual way. After that, the air was removed by a catheter and syringe system. A flexible plastic tube was inserted through the chest wall and into the pleural space for drainage every 2 h for 24 h. There were no intercurrences during the first 24 h after the surgical procedure. The patient was discharged 48 h after the surgery. Cephalexin [75 mg, 30 mg/kg, v.o, TID, during 5 days), Ketoprofen [20 mg, 2 mg/kg, v.o, SID, during 5 days], Tramadol Hydrochloride [50 mg, 4 mg/kg, v.o, SID, during 2 days] and Rifamycin spray at the wound site was prescribed. Ten days after surgery, the patient returned to the hospital for suture removal and reassessment. Discussion: The prognosis of chest perforation depends on the severity and number of internal and external thoracic lesions, as well as cardiovascular status at the time of initial patient care. In cases of penetrating chest trauma, it is essential to thoroughly examine the thoracic cavity for bleeding, tissue tears, and diaphragm perforation. The use of the endoscope allowed for a more detailed exploration of the chest without the need to increase the incision. When the diaphragm lesion was found, it was also possible to perform the abdominal examination by videoendoscopy, through this perforation. Laparotomy and thoracotomy cause postoperative pain and discomfort, in addition to increasing recovery time, however, even with trauma, not performing a larger incision favored the recovery of this patient, without any intercurrence in the first 24 h after the procedure. In conclusion, the endoscopic approach was efficient for diagnosis, avoiding greater trauma and contributing to a better clinical recovery of the patient.

Detection of enterotoxin and adhesin genes of Escherichia coli strains isolated from feces of healthy dogs / Detecção de genes de enterotoxinas e adesinas em cepas de Escherichia coliisoladas de fezes de cães saudáveis

This study aimed to investigate the presence of genes encoding the enterotoxins STa and Stx1 and the adhesins K99 and Intimin in E. coli strains isolated from feces of dogs who appeared to be healthy. Rectal swab samples were collected from 50 dogs who visited the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Brasilia and 48 E. coli isolates were obtained. No positive isolates were found for STa and K99. However, positive results were found in 21 isolates (43.7%) for Stx1 and 14 isolates (29%) for the Intimin gene (eae). The antimicrobial sensitivity profile was also assessed for the following antibiotics: sulfazothrim, azithromycin, enrofloxacin, ceftiofur, amoxicillin + clavulanate, doxycycline, ampicillin, and cephalexin. The antibiotics on which the isolates showed the highest resistance were ampicillin (25%), doxycycline (22.9%) and cephalexin (20.8%). As for sensitivity, the isolates were most sensitive to sulfazothrim (87.5%), azithromycin (85.41%) and enrofloxacin (77%). Healthy dogs can carry multidrug-resistant E. coli strains that can also carry enterotoxin and adhesin genes, thus indicating that, the proximity between dogs and humans may contribute to possible zoonotic transmission of these microorganisms.

Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a presença de genes que codificam as enterotoxinas STa e Stx1 e as adesinas K99 e Intiminaem cepas de E. coliisoladas de fezes de cãesaparentementesaudáveis. Amostras de swab retal foram coletadas de 50 cães que visitaram o Hospital Veterinário da Universidade de Brasília e 48 isolados de E. coliforam obtidos. Não foram encontrados isolados positivos para STa e K99. No entanto, resultados positivos foram encontrados em 21 isolados (43,7%) para Stx1 e 14 isolados (29%) para o gene Intimina(eae). O perfil de sensibilidade antimicrobiana também foi avaliado para os seguintes antibióticos: sulfazotrim, azitromicina, enrofloxacina, ceftiofur, amoxicilina + clavulanato, doxiciclina, ampicilina,e cefalexina. Os antibióticos nos quais os isolados apresentaram maior resistência foramaampicilina (25%), doxiciclina (22,9%) e cefalexina (20,8%). Quanto à sensibilidade, os isolados foram mais sensíveis ao sulfazotrim (87,5%), azitromicina (85,41%) e enrofloxacina (77%). Cães saudáveis podem carrearcepas de E. colimultirresistentes que por sua vez também podem carreargenes codificadores de enterotoxina e adesina, indicando assim que a proximidade entre cães e humanos pode contribuir para a possível transmissão zoonótica desses microrganismos.

Detection of enterotoxin and adhesin genes of Escherichia coli strains isolated from feces of healthy dogs / Detecção de genes de enterotoxinas e adesinas em cepas de Escherichia coliisoladas de fezes de cães saudáveis

This study aimed to investigate the presence of genes encoding the enterotoxins STa and Stx1 and the adhesins K99 and Intimin in E. coli strains isolated from feces of dogs who appeared to be healthy. Rectal swab samples were collected from 50 dogs who visited the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Brasilia and 48 E. coli isolates were obtained. No positive isolates were found for STa and K99. However, positive results were found in 21 isolates (43.7%) for Stx1 and 14 isolates (29%) for the Intimin gene (eae). The antimicrobial sensitivity profile was also assessed for the following antibiotics: sulfazothrim, azithromycin, enrofloxacin, ceftiofur, amoxicillin + clavulanate, doxycycline, ampicillin, and cephalexin. The antibiotics on which the isolates showed the highest resistance were ampicillin (25%), doxycycline (22.9%) and cephalexin (20.8%). As for sensitivity, the isolates were most sensitive to sulfazothrim (87.5%), azithromycin (85.41%) and enrofloxacin (77%). Healthy dogs can carry multidrug-resistant E. coli strains that can also carry enterotoxin and adhesin genes, thus indicating that, the proximity between dogs and humans may contribute to possible zoonotic transmission of these microorganisms.(AU)

Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a presença de genes que codificam as enterotoxinas STa e Stx1 e as adesinas K99 e Intiminaem cepas de E. coliisoladas de fezes de cãesaparentementesaudáveis. Amostras de swab retal foram coletadas de 50 cães que visitaram o Hospital Veterinário da Universidade de Brasília e 48 isolados de E. coliforam obtidos. Não foram encontrados isolados positivos para STa e K99. No entanto, resultados positivos foram encontrados em 21 isolados (43,7%) para Stx1 e 14 isolados (29%) para o gene Intimina(eae). O perfil de sensibilidade antimicrobiana também foi avaliado para os seguintes antibióticos: sulfazotrim, azitromicina, enrofloxacina, ceftiofur, amoxicilina + clavulanato, doxiciclina, ampicilina,e cefalexina. Os antibióticos nos quais os isolados apresentaram maior resistência foramaampicilina (25%), doxiciclina (22,9%) e cefalexina (20,8%). Quanto à sensibilidade, os isolados foram mais sensíveis ao sulfazotrim (87,5%), azitromicina (85,41%) e enrofloxacina (77%). Cães saudáveis podem carrearcepas de E. colimultirresistentes que por sua vez também podem carreargenes codificadores de enterotoxina e adesina, indicando assim que a proximidade entre cães e humanos pode contribuir para a possível transmissão zoonótica desses microrganismos.(AU)

Mucocutaneous horn in dog

Background: Cutaneous horn is a circumscribed exophytic lesion composed of dense, compact keratin with hyperplasticepidermis, which is primarily orthokeratotic and may include foci of parakeratosis. The hyperkeratotic protuberance resembles a horn but lack bone. In humans, it is well-documented with a wide range of primary epidermal lesions identified.In dogs, the reports are rare and brief. The diagnosis is based on its appearance and excisional biopsy reveals the triggeringlesion. The objective of the present work is to describe the clinical presentation, predictive benignancy finds, treatmentand follow-up of a case of cutaneous horns that arose from anal mucocutaneous boundary in a dog.Case: A 6-month-old male Pug presented two tumors in the anus noted in the early months of life. Complete blood count,serum chemistry profile, surgery, histopathological analysis and postoperative outcome were performed. Possible relapseswere follow-up until 11 months after surgery. On physical examination, the dog was otherwise healthy. The two horn-liketumors were protruding from the mucocutaneous junction of the external anal sphincter in a sun-protected area. Both werehigher than wide in base or, in other words, they had a high height-to-base ratio. During surgery, the masses were excisedusing an electronic scalpel and sent to histopathological analysis. The post-operative care consisted of cephalexin andmeloxicam prescriptions. Also, it was recommended 0.9% NaCl solution wound flushing followed by topical chlorhexidinedigluconate solution (1%) whenever dirt or defecation were noticed. The surgical wound healed after two weeks by secondintention. Histopathology found well-delimited masses that covers the epidermis and dermis and displaces the cutaneousappendages towards the underlying musculature with an aggregate of lymphoplasmohistiocytic inflammatory infiltrate inthe adjacent...

Mucocutaneous horn in dog

Background: Cutaneous horn is a circumscribed exophytic lesion composed of dense, compact keratin with hyperplasticepidermis, which is primarily orthokeratotic and may include foci of parakeratosis. The hyperkeratotic protuberance resembles a horn but lack bone. In humans, it is well-documented with a wide range of primary epidermal lesions identified.In dogs, the reports are rare and brief. The diagnosis is based on its appearance and excisional biopsy reveals the triggeringlesion. The objective of the present work is to describe the clinical presentation, predictive benignancy finds, treatmentand follow-up of a case of cutaneous horns that arose from anal mucocutaneous boundary in a dog.Case: A 6-month-old male Pug presented two tumors in the anus noted in the early months of life. Complete blood count,serum chemistry profile, surgery, histopathological analysis and postoperative outcome were performed. Possible relapseswere follow-up until 11 months after surgery. On physical examination, the dog was otherwise healthy. The two horn-liketumors were protruding from the mucocutaneous junction of the external anal sphincter in a sun-protected area. Both werehigher than wide in base or, in other words, they had a high height-to-base ratio. During surgery, the masses were excisedusing an electronic scalpel and sent to histopathological analysis. The post-operative care consisted of cephalexin andmeloxicam prescriptions. Also, it was recommended 0.9% NaCl solution wound flushing followed by topical chlorhexidinedigluconate solution (1%) whenever dirt or defecation were noticed. The surgical wound healed after two weeks by secondintention. Histopathology found well-delimited masses that covers the epidermis and dermis and displaces the cutaneousappendages towards the underlying musculature with an aggregate of lymphoplasmohistiocytic inflammatory infiltrate inthe adjacent...(AU)

Bovine mastitis caused by multidrug-resistant Nocardia farcinica

Background: Mastitis caused by Nocardia is characterized by pyogranulomatous inflammation related to inadequatehygiene conditions and is difficult to treat. Prompted by the absence of documentation of Nocardia farcinica associated tobovine mastitis in the Northeast region of Brazil, this is the first report to describe bovine mastitis caused by multidrugresistant N. farcinica.Case: Four milk samples (one from each teat) obtained from a 3-year-old Jersey cow raised on a property located in the metropolitan region of Recife, Pernambuco state, Brazil, were submitted to the Laboratory of Infectious-Contagious Diseases ofthe Veterinary Hospital at Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco [UFRPE]. At the laboratory, samples were cultured inbase agar enriched with 7% sheep blood (blood agar) in a microbiological incubator at 37°C under aerobic conditions for 72h. After only 48 h, however, pure bacterial colony growth was observed in all samples. Macroscopic analysis revealed smallcolonies, with an irregular shape, dry aspect, and greyish in color. Gram-positive rods forming filaments and/or ramificationswere observed using a Gram staining method. Nocardia spp. were identified according to morphotinctorial characteristics.Susceptibility testing using the disc-diffusion method in agar (antibiogram) was performed using the following antibiotics:penicillin (10 IU), tetracycline (30 µg), amoxicillin (10 µg), gentamicin (10 µg), cephalexin (30 µg), erythromycin (15 µg),cephalothin (30 µg) and ampicillin (30 µg). However, the organism exhibited resistance to all drugs; as such, a new milksample was obtained at the same location the initial samples were collected. Samples (approximately 5 mL) were collectedaseptically and separately from all four teats in sterile bottles, during which the presence of granular material was noted.Bacterial culture was performed as...

Bovine mastitis caused by multidrug-resistant Nocardia farcinica

Background: Mastitis caused by Nocardia is characterized by pyogranulomatous inflammation related to inadequatehygiene conditions and is difficult to treat. Prompted by the absence of documentation of Nocardia farcinica associated tobovine mastitis in the Northeast region of Brazil, this is the first report to describe bovine mastitis caused by multidrugresistant N. farcinica.Case: Four milk samples (one from each teat) obtained from a 3-year-old Jersey cow raised on a property located in the metropolitan region of Recife, Pernambuco state, Brazil, were submitted to the Laboratory of Infectious-Contagious Diseases ofthe Veterinary Hospital at Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco [UFRPE]. At the laboratory, samples were cultured inbase agar enriched with 7% sheep blood (blood agar) in a microbiological incubator at 37°C under aerobic conditions for 72h. After only 48 h, however, pure bacterial colony growth was observed in all samples. Macroscopic analysis revealed smallcolonies, with an irregular shape, dry aspect, and greyish in color. Gram-positive rods forming filaments and/or ramificationswere observed using a Gram staining method. Nocardia spp. were identified according to morphotinctorial characteristics.Susceptibility testing using the disc-diffusion method in agar (antibiogram) was performed using the following antibiotics:penicillin (10 IU), tetracycline (30 µg), amoxicillin (10 µg), gentamicin (10 µg), cephalexin (30 µg), erythromycin (15 µg),cephalothin (30 µg) and ampicillin (30 µg). However, the organism exhibited resistance to all drugs; as such, a new milksample was obtained at the same location the initial samples were collected. Samples (approximately 5 mL) were collectedaseptically and separately from all four teats in sterile bottles, during which the presence of granular material was noted.Bacterial culture was performed as...(AU)