Three new species of the Amazonian millipede genus Leptherpum (Polydesmida: Chelodesmidae)

This study concerns the millipede genus Leptherpum Attems, 1931, which contains nine valid species distributed across the Amazonian rainforest of northeastern South America. The type species L. carinovatum (Attems, 1898) is reexamined based on the type material and high-resolution photographs, including the first scanning electron micrographs of this species. The following three new species are described: Leptherpum tialaura sp. nov. from the state of Pará, Brazil; Leptherpum battirolai sp. nov. from the state of Amazonas, Brazil; and Leptherpum buenovillegasi sp. nov. from the commune of Maripasoula, French Guiana. A brief review of Leptherpum taxonomy and geographic distribution is provided, along with a key to males.

Six new species of the widespread Brazilian millipede genus Eucampesmella (Polydesmida: Chelodesmidae)

ABSTRACT This study concerns the diplopod genus Eucampesmella Schubart, 1955, widespread in Brazil. After this work, the genus includes 12 valid species, and three incertae sedis: E. pugiuncula (Schubart, 1946), E. brunnea Kraus, 1959 and E. schubarti Kraus, 1957. The type-species, Eucampesmella tricuspis (Attems, 1931), is redescribed based on the holotype, and the following six new Brazilian species are added: Eucampesmella macunaima sp. nov. from the states of Rondônia, Pará, and Piauí; E. capitu sp. nov. from the states of Piauí and Paraíba; E. brascubas sp. nov. from the state of Sergipe; E. iracema sp. nov. from the state of Pernambuco; E. pedrobala sp. nov. from the state of Ceará; and E. lalla sp. nov. from the state of Rio Grande do Norte. Furthermore, E. lartiguei ferrii (Schubart, 1956) is recognized as a junior synonym of E. lartiguei lartiguei (Silvestri, 1897), which also had its status changed, and E. sulcata (Attems, 1898) is revalidated, prevailing under the name Leptodesmus tuberculiporus Attems, 1898. In addition, drawings, diagnoses, and distribution maps for all species of the genus are provided.

Six new species of the widespread Brazilian millipede genus Eucampesmella (Polydesmida: Chelodesmidae)

This study concerns the diplopod genus Eucampesmella Schubart, 1955, widespread in Brazil. After this work, the genus includes 12 valid species, and three incertae sedis: E. pugiuncula (Schubart, 1946), E. brunnea Kraus, 1959 and E. schubarti Kraus, 1957. The type-species, Eucampesmella tricuspis (Attems, 1931), is redescribed based on the holotype, and the following six new Brazilian species are added: Eucampesmella macunaima sp. nov. from the states of Rondônia, Pará, and Piauí; E. capitu sp. nov. from the states of Piauí and Paraíba; E. brascubas sp. nov. from the state of Sergipe; E. iracema sp. nov. from the state of Pernambuco; E. pedrobala sp. nov. from the state of Ceará; and E. lalla sp. nov. from the state of Rio Grande do Norte. Furthermore, E. lartiguei ferrii (Schubart, 1956) is recognized as a junior synonym of E. lartiguei lartiguei (Silvestri, 1897), which also had its status changed, and E. sulcata (Attems, 1898) is revalidated, prevailing under the name Leptodesmus tuberculiporus Attems, 1898. In addition, drawings, diagnoses, and distribution maps for all species of the genus are provided.(AU)

Six new species of the widespread Brazilian millipede genus Eucampesmella (Polydesmida: Chelodesmidae)

This study concerns the diplopod genus Eucampesmella Schubart, 1955, widespread in Brazil. After this work, the genus includes 12 valid species, and three incertae sedis: E. pugiuncula (Schubart, 1946), E. brunnea Kraus, 1959 and E. schubarti Kraus, 1957. The type-species, Eucampesmella tricuspis (Attems, 1931), is redescribed based on the holotype, and the following six new Brazilian species are added: Eucampesmella macunaima sp. nov. from the states of Rondônia, Pará, and Piauí; E. capitu sp. nov. from the states of Piauí and Paraíba; E. brascubas sp. nov. from the state of Sergipe; E. iracema sp. nov. from the state of Pernambuco; E. pedrobala sp. nov. from the state of Ceará; and E. lalla sp. nov. from the state of Rio Grande do Norte. Furthermore, E. lartiguei ferrii (Schubart, 1956) is recognized as a junior synonym of E. lartiguei lartiguei (Silvestri, 1897), which also had its status changed, and E. sulcata (Attems, 1898) is revalidated, prevailing under the name Leptodesmus tuberculiporus Attems, 1898. In addition, drawings, diagnoses, and distribution maps for all species of the genus are provided.(AU)

Annotated checklist of the millipede family Chelodesmidae Cook, 1895 from São Paulo state, Brazil (Diplopoda: Polydesmida)

A checklist of the family Chelodesmidae Cook, 1895 (order Polydesmida) from state of São Paulo, Brazil has been performed based on literature and examined material from the collection of the Instituto Butantan, São Paulo (IBSP). A total of 15 genera (7 tribes and 5 genera considered incertae sedis) with 64 species are listed. Among these species, 30 presented a single one record in the state, 19 with more than one record and four recorded for the first time for the state of São Paulo, and 11 species occurring in other Brazilian states. The most distributed species is Brasilodesmus paulistus paulistus (Brõlemann, 1902) with 52 records of occurrence. In addition, a complete bibliography list of the chelodesmidan fauna from the state is compiled, as well as distribution maps for all species are provided.

Annotated checklist of the millipede family Chelodesmidae Cook, 1895 from São Paulo state, Brazil (Diplopoda: Polydesmida)

A checklist of the family Chelodesmidae Cook, 1895 (order Polydesmida) from state of São Paulo, Brazil has been performed based on literature and examined material from the collection of the Instituto Butantan, São Paulo (IBSP). A total of 15 genera (7 tribes and 5 genera considered incertae sedis) with 64 species are listed. Among these species, 30 presented a single one record in the state, 19 with more than one record and four recorded for the first time for the state of São Paulo, and 11 species occurring in other Brazilian states. The most distributed species is Brasilodesmus paulistus paulistus (Brõlemann, 1902) with 52 records of occurrence. In addition, a complete bibliography list of the chelodesmidan fauna from the state is compiled, as well as distribution maps for all species are provided.(AU)

Two new Brazilian species of Chelodesmidae of the genera Iguazus and Tessarithys (Diplopoda: Polydesmida)

Two new species of Chelodesmidae from the Brazilian northeast are described, Iguazus robustus sp. nov., from the state of Paraíba, and Tessarithys exacuminatus sp. nov., from the states of Pernambuco and Sergipe. Iguazus robustus sp. nov. differs from other species of the genus by having a constriction in the zone of the gonopodal acropodite tip and an extra branch at the tip of the acropodite. Tessarithys exacuminatus sp. nov. differs from the other species of the genus by the large and ascending subterminal dorsal branch of the prefemoral process of the gonopod. Brief reviews of the taxonomy, geographic distribution and a key for males of the respective genera are provided.

Two new Brazilian species of Chelodesmidae of the genera Iguazus and Tessarithys (Diplopoda: Polydesmida)

Two new species of Chelodesmidae from the Brazilian northeast are described, Iguazus robustus sp. nov., from the state of Paraíba, and Tessarithys exacuminatus sp. nov., from the states of Pernambuco and Sergipe. Iguazus robustus sp. nov. differs from other species of the genus by having a constriction in the zone of the gonopodal acropodite tip and an extra branch at the tip of the acropodite. Tessarithys exacuminatus sp. nov. differs from the other species of the genus by the large and ascending subterminal dorsal branch of the prefemoral process of the gonopod. Brief reviews of the taxonomy, geographic distribution and a key for males of the respective genera are provided.(AU)

Comparative study of the ovarian morphology in the order Polydesmida (Diplopoda) and description of unusual structures in the female reproductive system / Estudo comparativo da morfologia ovariana na ordem Polydesmida (Diplopoda) e descrição de estruturas incomuns do sistema reprodutor feminino

Polydesmida is the largest order in the class Diplopoda in terms of the number of species, genera and families, but there are few studies of the ovarian morphology of species in this order. This study aimed to perform a comparative study of the ovarian morphology of three species from this order to increase the understanding of the morphological evolution of this system in Polydesmida. Adults females of two of these species, Poratia salvator and Myrmecodesmus hastatus, belonging to the family Pyrgodesmidae, had a unpaired ovary that formed a tubular organ containing oocytes, with P. salvator present grouping of oocytes into a structure similar to ovisacs. This condition appeared to be apomorphic and was associated with the small size of these species ( 10 mm) and their short life cycle. The third species, Telonychopus klossae (Chelodesmidae), had a large body and an ovary with paired ovisacs, which was symplesiomorphic with other Polydesmida families.

A ordem Polydesmida é a maior da classe Diplopoda em número de espécies, gêneros e famílias, entretanto existem poucos estudos sobre a morfologia ovariana de suas espécies. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo realizar um estudo comparativo sobre a morfologia ovariana de três espécies dessa ordem a fim de contribuir para discussões sobre a evolução morfológica deste sistema no grupo. Duas dessas espécies, Poratia salvator e Myrmecodesmus hastatus, representantes da família Pyrgodesmidae, apresentam ovário como um órgão tubular único, com a primeira possuindo os ovócitos agrupados em uma estrutura semelhante a ovissacos. Esta condição parece ser uma apomorfia aparentemente associada ao tamanho diminuto dos animais destas espécies (menos de 10 mm) e suas histórias de vida curtas. A terceira espécie, Telonychopus klossae, um quelodesmídeo de tamanho corporal grande, possui um ovário pareado com presença de ovissacos, condição simplesiomórfica semelhante à de outras famílias de Polydesmida.

Comparative study of the ovarian morphology in the order Polydesmida (Diplopoda) and description of unusual structures in the female reproductive system / Estudo comparativo da morfologia ovariana na ordem Polydesmida (Diplopoda) e descrição de estruturas incomuns do sistema reprodutor feminino

Polydesmida is the largest order in the class Diplopoda in terms of the number of species, genera and families, but there are few studies of the ovarian morphology of species in this order. This study aimed to perform a comparative study of the ovarian morphology of three species from this order to increase the understanding of the morphological evolution of this system in Polydesmida. Adults females of two of these species, Poratia salvator and Myrmecodesmus hastatus, belonging to the family Pyrgodesmidae, had a unpaired ovary that formed a tubular organ containing oocytes, with P. salvator present grouping of oocytes into a structure similar to ovisacs. This condition appeared to be apomorphic and was associated with the small size of these species ( 10 mm) and their short life cycle. The third species, Telonychopus klossae (Chelodesmidae), had a large body and an ovary with paired ovisacs, which was symplesiomorphic with other Polydesmida families.(AU)

A ordem Polydesmida é a maior da classe Diplopoda em número de espécies, gêneros e famílias, entretanto existem poucos estudos sobre a morfologia ovariana de suas espécies. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo realizar um estudo comparativo sobre a morfologia ovariana de três espécies dessa ordem a fim de contribuir para discussões sobre a evolução morfológica deste sistema no grupo. Duas dessas espécies, Poratia salvator e Myrmecodesmus hastatus, representantes da família Pyrgodesmidae, apresentam ovário como um órgão tubular único, com a primeira possuindo os ovócitos agrupados em uma estrutura semelhante a ovissacos. Esta condição parece ser uma apomorfia aparentemente associada ao tamanho diminuto dos animais destas espécies (menos de 10 mm) e suas histórias de vida curtas. A terceira espécie, Telonychopus klossae, um quelodesmídeo de tamanho corporal grande, possui um ovário pareado com presença de ovissacos, condição simplesiomórfica semelhante à de outras famílias de Polydesmida.(AU)

New genera for two poorly-known millipeds from Bahia (Polydesmida: Chelodesmidae)

Two chelodesmid millipeds described by Brölemann (1903) from the interior of Bahia have not been reported for over 100 years despite their large size and bright coloration. Originally described as Leptodesmus gounellei and Leptodesmus carminatus, neither species is referable to Leptodesmus as currently defined nor any other established genus. Both have been studied from the type specimens, and are here designated the type species of two new genera, Plectrogonodesmus for gounellei and Baianassa for carminatus. Diagnostic characters are illustrated for both taxa. Intergeneric relationships are at present not evident, and are not suggested pending better understanding of the chelodesmid fauna of eastern Brazil.

Duas espécies de milípedes quelodesmídeos descritas por Brölemann (1903) e provenientes do interior do Estado da Bahia não foram registradas por mais de 100 anos, apesar de seu grande porte e coloração brilhante. Inicialmente foram descritas como Leptodesmus gounellei e Leptodesmus carminatus, embora nenhuma delas pode ser referida para o gênero Leptodesmus tal como atualmente definido nem para qualquer outro gênero já estabelecido. As duas espécies foram estudadas a partir do material tipo e estão aqui designadas as espécies-tipos de dois novos gêneros - Plectrogonodesmus para gounellei e Baianassa para carminatus. Os carácteres diagnósticos são ilustrados para os dois táxons. As relações inter-genéricas estão hoje pouco evidentes, e aqui não são sugeridas pendente melhor conhecimento da fauna dos quelodesmídeos do Brasil oriental.

New genera for two poorly-known millipeds from Bahia (Polydesmida: Chelodesmidae)

Two chelodesmid millipeds described by Brölemann (1903) from the interior of Bahia have not been reported for over 100 years despite their large size and bright coloration. Originally described as Leptodesmus gounellei and Leptodesmus carminatus, neither species is referable to Leptodesmus as currently defined nor any other established genus. Both have been studied from the type specimens, and are here designated the type species of two new genera, Plectrogonodesmus for gounellei and Baianassa for carminatus. Diagnostic characters are illustrated for both taxa. Intergeneric relationships are at present not evident, and are not suggested pending better understanding of the chelodesmid fauna of eastern Brazil.

Duas espécies de milípedes quelodesmídeos descritas por Brölemann (1903) e provenientes do interior do Estado da Bahia não foram registradas por mais de 100 anos, apesar de seu grande porte e coloração brilhante. Inicialmente foram descritas como Leptodesmus gounellei e Leptodesmus carminatus, embora nenhuma delas pode ser referida para o gênero Leptodesmus tal como atualmente definido nem para qualquer outro gênero já estabelecido. As duas espécies foram estudadas a partir do material tipo e estão aqui designadas as espécies-tipos de dois novos gêneros - Plectrogonodesmus para gounellei e Baianassa para carminatus. Os carácteres diagnósticos são ilustrados para os dois táxons. As relações inter-genéricas estão hoje pouco evidentes, e aqui não são sugeridas pendente melhor conhecimento da fauna dos quelodesmídeos do Brasil oriental.

A new, disjunct, diplopod genus from Espirito Santo, Brasil (Polydesmida: Chelodesmidae)

The new generic and specific names Cryptosolenomeris macrogon are proposed for a large chelodesmoid milliped collected at Linhares, Espírito Santo, Brazil, and characterized particularly by the elongated gonotelopodites lacking torsion and apically recurved into a calyciform shield concealing the solenomere; the typical chelodesmoid prefemoral process appears to be either undeveloped or present in a disjunct position. There are no known close generic relatives in the known Brazilian fauna.

O nome genérico e o epíteto específico novos - Cryptosolenomeris macrogon - são propostos para um diplópodo quelodesmóide de grande porte, o qual foi coletado em Linhares, estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil. Ele é caracterizado em especial pelos gonotelopoditos alongados sem torção e recurvados no ápice para transformar-se em um escudo caliciforme que oculta o solenomero; o típico processo pre-femoral dos quelodesmóides parece ser ou, pouco desenvolvido ou, presente numa posição disjunta. Não são descritos gêneros de parentesco próximo na fauna brasileira já conhecida.

A new, disjunct, diplopod genus from Espirito Santo, Brasil (Polydesmida: Chelodesmidae)

The new generic and specific names Cryptosolenomeris macrogon are proposed for a large chelodesmoid milliped collected at Linhares, Espírito Santo, Brazil, and characterized particularly by the elongated gonotelopodites lacking torsion and apically recurved into a calyciform shield concealing the solenomere; the typical chelodesmoid prefemoral process appears to be either undeveloped or present in a disjunct position. There are no known close generic relatives in the known Brazilian fauna.

O nome genérico e o epíteto específico novos - Cryptosolenomeris macrogon - são propostos para um diplópodo quelodesmóide de grande porte, o qual foi coletado em Linhares, estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil. Ele é caracterizado em especial pelos gonotelopoditos alongados sem torção e recurvados no ápice para transformar-se em um escudo caliciforme que oculta o solenomero; o típico processo pre-femoral dos quelodesmóides parece ser ou, pouco desenvolvido ou, presente numa posição disjunta. Não são descritos gêneros de parentesco próximo na fauna brasileira já conhecida.

Diplopoda from Rondônia, Brazil: II. Three new genera in the family Chelodesmidae (Polydesmida)

New genera are defined to accommodate three disjunct new chelodesmids endemic in Rondônia: Rondonaria n. gen., for R. schubarti n. sp.; Lithobiodesmus n. gen., for L. xenoporus n. sp., and Rhicnostethus n. gen., for the type species R. rondoni n. sp., and R. coriaceus (Schubart, 1947) n. comb., described from Mato Grosso. The tribal position of these new taxa cannot be confidently established on the basis of existing knowledge of the family; each is distinguished by one or more unusual anatomical characters.

Sao definidos três novos gêneros de Chelodesmidae, endêmicos de Rondônia, Brasil, com distribuições distintas: Rondonaria n. gen., para R. schubarti n. sp.; Lithobiodesmus n. gen. para L. xenopus n. sp.; e Rhicnostethus n. gen. para a espécies-tipo R. rondoni n. sp., e R. coriaceus (Schubart, 1947) n. comb., descrita para Mato Grosso, Brasil. Com base no conhecimento atual da familia, a posição em tribo não pode ser estabelecida com confiança; cada taxon é distinguido por um ou mail carateres anatomicos incomuns.

Diplopoda from Rondônia, Brazil: II. Three new genera in the family Chelodesmidae (Polydesmida)

New genera are defined to accommodate three disjunct new chelodesmids endemic in Rondônia: Rondonaria n. gen., for R. schubarti n. sp.; Lithobiodesmus n. gen., for L. xenoporus n. sp., and Rhicnostethus n. gen., for the type species R. rondoni n. sp., and R. coriaceus (Schubart, 1947) n. comb., described from Mato Grosso. The tribal position of these new taxa cannot be confidently established on the basis of existing knowledge of the family; each is distinguished by one or more unusual anatomical characters.

Sao definidos três novos gêneros de Chelodesmidae, endêmicos de Rondônia, Brasil, com distribuições distintas: Rondonaria n. gen., para R. schubarti n. sp.; Lithobiodesmus n. gen. para L. xenopus n. sp.; e Rhicnostethus n. gen. para a espécies-tipo R. rondoni n. sp., e R. coriaceus (Schubart, 1947) n. comb., descrita para Mato Grosso, Brasil. Com base no conhecimento atual da familia, a posição em tribo não pode ser estabelecida com confiança; cada taxon é distinguido por um ou mail carateres anatomicos incomuns.