Physicochemical composition and antioxidant activity of sweet potato flours from different cultivars produced in the Sub-middle São Francisco region / Composição físico-química e atividade antioxidante de farinhas de batata-doce de diferentes cultivares produzidas na região do Submédio São Francisco

ABSTRACT: This research determined the nutritional composition, antioxidant activity and total phenolic compound content of sweet potato flour from different cultivars: Beauregard cv. sweet potato (BF) and the common sweet potato Brazlândia Rosada cv. (CF). Total lipids, proteins, moisture, carbohydrates, pH, titratable acidity, fiber, ash, iron, zinc, beta-carotene, vitamin A and determination of caloric value were analyzed. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic compounds were also determined by the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl), ABTS (2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) methods. CF showed higher levels of carbohydrates, ash, fiber, pH and antioxidant activity by the ABTS method. Protein and zinc contents were similar between the two flours. BF had higher moisture content, caloric value, lipids, iron, DPPH radical scavenging capacity and antioxidant activity by the FRAP method, as well as total phenolic compounds, beta-carotene and vitamin A content. The data revealed good nutritional composition for both analyzed flours. The Beauregard flour can be highlightedregarding its higher beta-carotene and iron content. Moreover, the Beauregard sweet potato flour is a good source of provitamin A, in addition to being a source of fiber.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a composição nutricional, atividade antioxidante e teor de compostos fenólicos totais de farinhas de batata-doce de diferentes cultivares: batata-doce Beauregard (FB) e batata-doce comum, cv. Brazlândia Rosada (FC). Foram realizadas as análises de lipídeos, proteínas, umidade, carboidratos, pH, acidez titulável, fibras, cinzas, ferro, zinco, betacaroteno, vitamina A e determinação do valor calórico. Também foram determinadas a atividade antioxidante, pelos métodos DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-picril-hidrazil), ABTS (2,2-azinobis (3-etilbenzotiazolina-6-ácido sulfônico) e FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power), e compostos fenólicos totais. A FC apresentou maiores teores de carboidratos, cinzas, fibras, pH e atividade antioxidante pelo método ABTS. Os teores de proteínas e zinco foram semelhantes entre as duas farinhas. A FB apresentou maiores teores de umidade, valor calórico, lipídeos, ferro, capacidade sequestradora de radicais DPPH e atividade antioxidante pelo método FRAP, compostos fenólicos totais, conteúdo de betacaroteno e vitamina A. Os dados revelaram uma boa composição nutricional para ambas as farinhas analisadas. O destaque para a farinha da batata-doce Beauregard é maior em relação ao seu teor de betacaroteno e ferro. Sendo a farinha obtida pela batata-doce Beauregard uma boa fonte de pró-vitamina A, além de ser fonte de fibras.

Physicochemical composition and antioxidant activity of sweet potato flours from different cultivars produced in the Sub-middle São Francisco region / Composição físico-química e atividade antioxidante de farinhas de batata-doce de diferentes cultivares produzidas na região do Submédio São Francisco

This research determined the nutritional composition, antioxidant activity and total phenolic compound content of sweet potato flour from different cultivars: Beauregard cv. sweet potato (BF) and the common sweet potato Brazlândia Rosada cv. (CF). Total lipids, proteins, moisture, carbohydrates, pH, titratable acidity, fiber, ash, iron, zinc, beta-carotene, vitamin A and determination of caloric value were analyzed. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic compounds were also determined by the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl), ABTS (2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) methods. CF showed higher levels of carbohydrates, ash, fiber, pH and antioxidant activity by the ABTS method. Protein and zinc contents were similar between the two flours. BF had higher moisture content, caloric value, lipids, iron, DPPH radical scavenging capacity and antioxidant activity by the FRAP method, as well as total phenolic compounds, beta-carotene and vitamin A content. The data revealed good nutritional composition for both analyzed flours. The Beauregard flour can be highlightedregarding its higher beta-carotene and iron content. Moreover, the Beauregard sweet potato flour is a good source of provitamin A, in addition to being a source of fiber.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a composição nutricional, atividade antioxidante e teor de compostos fenólicos totais de farinhas de batata-doce de diferentes cultivares: batata-doce Beauregard (FB) e batata-doce comum, cv. Brazlândia Rosada (FC). Foram realizadas as análises de lipídeos, proteínas, umidade, carboidratos, pH, acidez titulável, fibras, cinzas, ferro, zinco, betacaroteno, vitamina A e determinação do valor calórico. Também foram determinadas a atividade antioxidante, pelos métodos DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-picril-hidrazil), ABTS (2,2-azinobis (3-etilbenzotiazolina-6-ácido sulfônico) e FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power), e compostos fenólicos totais. A FC apresentou maiores teores de carboidratos, cinzas, fibras, pH e atividade antioxidante pelo método ABTS. Os teores de proteínas e zinco foram semelhantes entre as duas farinhas. A FB apresentou maiores teores de umidade, valor calórico, lipídeos, ferro, capacidade sequestradora de radicais DPPH e atividade antioxidante pelo método FRAP, compostos fenólicos totais, conteúdo de betacaroteno e vitamina A. Os dados revelaram uma boa composição nutricional para ambas as farinhas analisadas. O destaque para a farinha da batata-doce Beauregard é maior em relação ao seu teor de betacaroteno e ferro. Sendo a farinha obtida pela batata-doce Beauregard uma boa fonte de pró-vitamina A, além de ser fonte de fibras.

Nutrient compositional variation and interrelationship in the muscle of wild and plastic-reared brachyuran

Edible brachyurans are recognized as a popular source of food due to their delicious taste and nutritional quality. This study investigated the nutrient compositional variation and interrelationship in the muscle of wild and plastic-reared Cardisoma armatum. The plastic-reared crab had 27.81 ± 2.29 g 100 g-1protein while crab from the wild contained 22.45 ± 2.65 g 100 g-1protein. The difference in protein content of plastic-reared and its counterpart from the mangrove swamp was not significantly different(p > 0.05). This is also true of other proximate composition except that wild crabs were slightly higher in both crude fat (2.68 ± 0.35 g 100 g-1) and carbohydrate (5.89 ± 3.05 g 100 g-1). Generally, the total energy contributed due to protein, carbohydrate and fat in the tissues of both wild and plastic-reared C. armatumare similar. In the wild crab, contents of calcium (16083.27 ± 2127.90 mg 100 g-1) and phosphorus (1191.42 ± 199.21) were relatively higher, while contents of magnesium (368.69 ± 111.05 mg 100 g-1), sodium (125.30 ± 11.18 mg 100 g-1) and potassium (87.36 ± 7.27 mg 100 g-1) were relatively higher inplastic-reared crabs. All significant mineral ratios in wild and plastic-reared C. amartumfall within acceptable range. The positive relationship in the nutritional quality indicates that changes in proximate composition are associated with changes in mineral contents of the crab tissue.(AU)

Effect of Sunflower Kernel Peptides Produced by Dual-Degradation on the Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Health Status of Broilers

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sunflower kernel peptides produced by enzymatic digestion, fermentation, or both on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and health status of broilers. Four diets contained 20% of sunflower kernel meal as its raw form (CON) or degraded by protease (ESM), Bacillus pumilus (FSM), or both (DSM). A total of 480 yellow broilers at one day old were randomly distributed to 4 groups with 6 replicates of 20 chicks each. The feeding trial lasted for 63 d. Results showed that peptide content was increased (p<0.001) from 3.97% (CON) to 32.5% (ESM), 24.2% (FSM), and 39.1% (DSM). The three sunflower peptide groups improved (p≤0.001) feed intake and body weight gain. The peptide groups increased (p≤0.015) ileal apparent digestibility of dry matter, energy, crude protein, and amino acids (methionine, lysine, tryptophan, and threonine). Furthermore, the peptide groups improved (p≤0.029) the health status by increasing serum immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG) and glutathione peroxidase. Additionally, among the peptide groups, DSM showed more pronounced effects (p<0.05) on these parameters than ESM or FSM. It is concluded that dual-degradation by enzymolysis and fermentation has a better improvement in the nutrition and application of sunflower kernel meal in broilers.(AU)

Chromium supplemented carbohydrate diets for Cirrhinus mrigala: effects on body composition, gut enzyme activity and hematological parameters

Abstract A ninety days nutritional trial was directed to explore the effects of dietary chromium on body composition, gut enzyme activity and physiological status of Cirrhinus mrigala by using G & NG corn. Six experimental diets were prepared by using different levels of chromium chloride hexahydrate (0, 0.2, 0.4 mg/kg, each with G & NG corn). For this experimental trial, 480 fingerlings, irrespective of sex were distributed in six aquariums each with replicate. Results revealed that gelatinized corn along with increasing level of Cr2Cl3.6H2O have a positive impact upon body composition of fish. Hematology was positively correlated with chromium chloride hexahydrate supplementation in gelatinized corn. Amylase gut enzyme also showed significant (P 0.05) increase in group fed with chromium chloride hexahydrate supplemented diet (G corn). However, corn with chromium chloride hexahydrate supplementation did not revealed any significant impact on gut protease enzyme activity. From these results it can be concluded that both chromium chloride hexahydrate and gelatinized corn in fish feed are very beneficial to improve body composition, enzymes activity and physiological health status of fish.

Resumo Um ensaio nutricional de 90 dias foi dirigido para explorar os efeitos do cromo dietético na composição corporal, atividade enzimática intestinal e estado fisiológico de Cirrhinus mrigala usando milho G & NG. Seis dietas experimentais foram preparadas usando diferentes níveis de cloreto de cromo hexa-hidratado (0, 0,2, 0,4 mg/kg, cada um com milho G e NG). Para este ensaio experimental, 480 alevinos, independentemente do sexo, foram distribuídos em seis aquários, cada um com réplicas. Os resultados revelaram que o milho gelatinizado, juntamente com o aumento do nível de Cr2Cl3.6H2O, tem um impacto positivo na composição corporal dos peixes. A hematologia foi positivamente correlacionada com a suplementação de cloreto de cromo hexa-hidratado em milho gelatinizado. A enzima amilase intestinal também apresentou aumento significativo (P 0,05) no grupo alimentado com dieta suplementada com cloreto de cromo hexa-hidratado (milho G). No entanto, o milho com suplementação de hexahidrato de cloreto de cromo não revelou nenhum impacto significativo na atividade da enzima protease intestinal. Desses resultados, pode-se concluir que tanto o cloreto de cromo hexa-hidratado quanto o milho gelatinizado na alimentação de peixes são muito benéficos para melhorar a composição corporal, a atividade de enzimas e o estado fisiológico de saúde dos peixes.

Efficacy of acidified phytase supplemented cottonseed meal based diets on growth performance and proximate composition of Labeo rohita fingerlings

Abstract The growth of aquaculture sector is strongly dependent upon the continuous supply of inexpensive fish feed with balanced nutritional profile. However, fish meal (FM) is unable to satisfy this demand due to its scarce supply and high cost. In order to test the potential of cottonseed meal (CSM) as a fish meal replacer, a feeding trial of 12 weeks was conducted to check growth performance and proximate composition of Labeo rohita fingerlings. The protein ration of the test feed was satisfied by replacing FM with CSM at 0, 25, 50 and 75%. Sixteen test diets viz., TD1 (control), TD2, TD3, TD4, TD5, TD6, TD7, TD8, TD9, TD10, TD11, TD12, TD13, TD14, TD15 and TD16 were supplemented with citric acid (CA; 0 and 2.5%) and phytase (PHY; 0 and 750 FTU/kg) in a completely randomized design with 3×3 factorial arrangement. The highest weight gain (11.03g), weight gain% (249.21%), specific growth rate (1.39) and best feed conversion ratio (1.20) were recorded by fish fed with TD12. Furthermore, the same level increased the crude protein (59.26%) and fat (16.04%) being significantly different (p 0.05) than that of control. Conclusively, the addition of acidified phytase (CA; 2.5%, PHY; 750 FTU/kg) in TD12 (CSM=50%) led to the improved growth and proximate composition of L. rohita fingerlings.

Resumo O crescimento do setor de aquicultura é fortemente dependente do fornecimento contínuo de rações baratas para peixes com perfil nutricional equilibrado. Porém, a farinha de peixe (FM) não consegue atender a essa demanda devido à sua escassa oferta e alto custo. Com o objetivo de testar o potencial da farinha de semente de canola (MSC) como substituto da farinha de peixe, um ensaio alimentar de 12 semanas foi conduzido para verificar o desempenho de crescimento e a composição centesimal de alevinos de Labeo rohita. A ração de proteína da ração teste foi satisfeita substituindo FM por CSM em 0, 25, 50 e 75%. Dezesseis dietas de teste, viz., TD1 (controle), TD2, TD3, TD4, TD5, TD6, TD7, TD8, TD9, TD10, TD11, TD12, TD13, TD14, TD15 e TD16 foram suplementadas com ácido cítrico (CA; 0 e 2,5%) e fitase (PHY; 0 e 750 FTU / kg) em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com arranjo fatorial 3 × 3. O maior ganho de peso (11,03g), % de ganho de peso (249,21%), taxa de crescimento específico (1,39) e melhor taxa de conversão alimentar (1,20) foram registrados por peixes alimentados com TD12. Além disso, o mesmo nível aumentou a proteína bruta (59,26%) e a gordura (16,04%), sendo significativamente diferente (p 0,05) do controle. Conclusivamente, a adição de fitase acidificada (CA; 2,5%, PHY; 750 FTU / kg) em TD12 (CSM = 50%) levou a um melhor crescimento e composição próxima de alevinos de L. rohita.

Comparative Nutritional Analysis of Domestic and Imported Commercial Canary Egg Food and Mixed Seeds Based Diets

In this study, the aim was to determine the nutritional content of specially formulated commercial soft/egg foods for canaries, preferred by professional breeders in Türkiye, and the nutritional and raw material content of seed mixtures, thereby providing insights into the general diet compositions and essential feeding regimens for canaries. The study examined 17 different seed types, eight mixed seed feeds, and 11 egg food formulations. Two main groups, "domestic" and "imported," were formed from these mixed seed feed and egg food products. The nutritional content ratios of each feed material were determined through chemical analyses, and the predicted metabolizable energy values were calculated and compared between group averages. According to the results, there were no significant differences (p>0.05) between the data of domestic and imported mixed seed feed groups in terms of parameters other than crude fiber (CF). However, the CF value was found to be statistically significantly lower in the imported group (p<0.05), and a decreasing trend in the crude ash (CA) value was also observed in the same group. It was determined that almost all parameters resulted in similar values between the domestic and imported egg food groups. However, when each feed product was evaluated separately, significant data differences and wide variation ranges were found within the groups, especially in terms of crude fat and starch parameters. As a result, it is understood that domestically produced commercial egg food formulations with basic nutritional content comparable to European imported products are available for use by canary breeders in Türkiye. However, it is apparent that imported products, particularly in mixed seed formulations, had raw materials with lower CF and CA contents.(AU)

Performance and carcass characteristics of Santa Inês lambs fed different protein sources

The objective of this study was to evaluate the productive performance and carcass characteristics of confined Santa Inêssheep, fed different diets, in a Semiarid environment. Twenty whole sheep with 5 ± 0.5 months of age and 27 ± 2.0 kg were used, receiving two different diets for 72 experimental days, one composed of defatted soybean meal and the other of protein-enrichedcactus meal. They were evaluated for different diets, consumption, production, carcass characteristics, morphometric measures and edible components. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with two treatments and 10 replications. Performance dataand carcass characteristics were evaluated by analysis of variance and means compared by t test at 5% probability level using Statistical Analysis System [SAS]®(1999). Thus, the use of emulsified palm forage protein in the feeding of Santa Inês male lambs proved to be an excellent protein source when compared to the use of defatted soybean meal, since the results of performance and carcass characteristics were similar, being the use of this alternative source advised as it presents the best benefit-cost ratio.(AU)

Elaboration, characterization, and probiotic viability of synbiotic non-dairy drink based on coconut / Elaboração, caracterização e viabilidade probiótica de bebida simbiótica não-láctea a base de coco

ABSTRACT: Coconut is a fruit grown in more than 80 countries owing to its outstanding nutritional and biological value and it is an important crop for the food industry" por "Coconut is a fruit grown in more than 80 countries and owing to its outstanding nutritional and biological value and it is an important crop for the food industry. Thus, developing new coconut-based products is attractive to explore the benefits provided by microorganisms and improve the nutritional and bioactive composition of coconut products, such as by preparing fermented beverages. This study developed and characterize a drink based on dry coconut with the prebiotic fructooligosaccharide fermented by the probiotic Lactobacillus casei. The drink was formulated, filtered, fermented, matured, and stored under refrigeration (4 °C) for 28 days; it was evaluated for its physical, chemical, antioxidant, and microbiological characteristics. Compared to the standard non-fermented sample during storage, the fermented drink showed significant variations (P < 0.05) in instrumental color, acidity, and pH, while changes in soluble solids and stability index were observed after 7 days of storage. Regarding the chemical composition, all parameters varied significantly after fermentation. The total phenolic compound content and antioxidant capacity increased significantly after fermentation. Significant reductions were observed (P < 0.05) in the viability of Lactobacillus casei after exposure to gastrointestinal tract conditions, with the following counts (in log CFU mL-1) after 0 and 28 days of storage: - initial: 9.23 ± 0.04 and 9.05 ± 0.12; after the gastric phase: 6.21 ± 0.09 and 5.90 ± 0.01; and after the intestinal phase: 4.59 ± 0.33 and 4.75 ± 0.23, respectively.

RESUMO: O coco é uma fruta cultivada em mais de 80 países e devido ao seu excelente valor nutricional e biológico é uma importante cultura para a indústria alimentícia. Assim, desenvolver novos produtos à base de coco é atrativo para explorar os benefícios proporcionados por microrganismos e melhorar a composição nutricional e bioativa de produtos de coco, como na preparação de bebidas fermentadas. Este estudo desenvolveu e caracterizou uma bebida à base de coco seco com o prebiótico frutooligossacarídeo, fermentada pelo probiótico Lactobacillus casei. A bebida foi formulada, filtrada, fermentada, maturada e armazenada sob refrigeração (4 °C) por 28 dias; além de avaliada em relação às suas características físicas, químicas, antioxidantes e microbiológicas. Quando comparada à amostra padrão não-fermentada ao longo do armazenamento, a bebida fermentada apresentou variações significativas (P < 0.05) para cor instrumental, acidez e pH, enquanto as alterações para sólidos solúveis e índice de estabilidade foram observadas a partir do 7° dia de armazenamento. Em relação à composição química, todos os parâmetros variaram significativamente após o processo fermentativo. O teor de compostos fenólicos totais e capacidade antioxidante aumentaram significativamente após a fermentação. Reduções significativas foram observadas (P < 0,05) na viabilidade do Lactobacillus casei após a exposição às condições do trato gastrointestinal, com as seguintes contagens (em UFC mL-1) após 0 e 28 dias de armazenamento: - inicial: 9,23 ± 0.04 e 9,05 ± 0,12; após a fase gástrica: 6,21 ± 0,09 e 5,90 ± 0,01; e após a fase intestinal: 4,59 ± 0,33 e 4,75 ± 0,23, respectivamente.

Energy and lipid contents, and polyphenols composition of pequi pulp according to the fruit native area / Teores energético e lipídico, e composição em polifenóis da polpa de pequi de acordo com a área nativa do fruto

ABSTRACT: Pequi (Caryocar spp.) is a fruit native to the Brazilian Savannah (Cerrado), and Caryocar brasilienseCamb. is one of the most prevalent species in this biome. The consumption of the pequi pulp has been associated with health benefits, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective, and anticarcinogenic effects. These benefits have been attributed to its high density in nutrients and bioactive compounds. However, there is evidence about considerable variation in the nutritional profile among pequi pulps of different species, and among pulps of the same species, but from different areas of the Cerrado. In addition, there is no information in literature regarding the polyphenols profile of C. brasiliense pulp, neither about the influence of the native area of the fruit on the composition of these phytochemicals. So, this study analyzed the nutrient composition and identified the phenolic compounds in the pulp of C. brasiliense fruits native to four different areas of the Cerrado. There was a remarkable variation in the contents of energy (176.3-387.2 kcal/100 g) and lipids (13.0-37.5 g/100 g) among samples. In contrast, no difference was observed in the polyphenols composition, since gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, catechin, epicatechin, p-coumaric acid, and ellagic acid were identified in all pequi pulps. C. brasiliense pulp shows potential to be used as a functional ingredient rich in bioactive compounds, but with different contents of energy and lipids according to the fruit's native area to attempt distinct health allegations of the product.

RESUMO: O pequi (Caryocar spp.) é um fruto nativo do cerrado brasileiro e Caryocar brasiliense Camb. é uma das espécies mais prevalentes neste bioma. O consumo da polpa de pequi tem sido associado a benefícios à saúde, como efeitos antioxidantes, anti-inflamatórios, hipolipidêmicos, hepatoprotetores e anticarcinogênicos. Esses benefícios têm sido atribuídos à sua alta densidade em nutrientes e compostos bioativos. No entanto, há evidências de considerável variação no perfil nutricional entre polpas de pequi de diferentes espécies, e entre polpas da mesma espécie, mas de diferentes áreas do cerrado. Além disso, não há informações na literatura sobre o perfil de polifenóis da polpa de C. brasiliense, tampouco sobre a influência da área nativa do fruto na composição desses fitoquímicos. Assim, este estudo analisou a composição de nutrientes e identificou os compostos fenólicos na polpa de frutos de C. brasiliense nativos de quatro diferentes áreas do Cerrado. Houve notável variação nos teores de energia (176,3-387,2 kcal/100 g) e lipídios (13,0-37,5 g/100 g) entre as amostras. Em contrapartida, não foi encontrada diferença na composição em polifenóis, uma vez que ácido gálico, ácido protocatecuico, catequina, epicatequina, ácido p-cumárico e ácido elágico foram identificados em todas as polpas de pequi analisadas. A polpa de C. brasiliense tem potencial para ser utilizada como ingrediente funcional rico em compostos bioativos, porém com diferentes teores de energia e lipídios de acordo com a área nativa do fruto para atender a distintas alegações de saúde do produto.

Influence of irrigation and supplementation on performance and ingestive behavior of beef cattle on mixed grass pastures

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of beef cattle with two levels of energy-protein supplementation of low-consumption on African Bermudagrass pasture, overseeded in winter with oat and ryegrass, with or without irrigation. Twenty-four castrated Angus steers (11 months old and had an initial average of 220 kg body weight (BW)) were used in experimental area of 3.6 ha. The experiment was completely randomized in a 2×2 factorial design, with three replicates. The evaluation period was 249 days (July/2019 to March/2020). The treatments were: irrigated pasture with supplementation of 1 g/kg BW or 2.7 g/kg BW and non-irrigated pasture with 1 g/kg BW of supplement or 2.7 g/kg BW. The grazing method was continuous with a variable stocking rate. Irrigation provided pastures with better chemical composition in winter and spring. Irrigation increased the daily accumulation rate in winter (84.6 vs. 45.9 kg DM/ha/day), providing a greater stocking rate (1,702 vs. 1,385 kg/ha) and, consequently, body weight gain per hectare. Supplementation of 2.7 g/kg BW provided a greater stocking rate in winter (1,652 vs. 1,435 kg/ha) and spring (3,096 vs. 2,811 kg/ha), not changing in summer. The association of irrigation and supplementation of 2.7 vs. 1.0 g/kg BW improves the intake pattern by the animal in summer without changing productivity parameters. Irrigation increases productivity and the nutritional value of pasture with higher livestock production per area in periods of water deficit. The supply of 2.7 vs. 1.0 g/kg BW provides a greater stocking rate and body weight gain per hectare.(AU)

Bee pollen from different floral species of the caatinga biome: determination of nutritional parameters / Pólen apícola de diferentes fontes florais da caatinga: determinação de parâmetros nutricionais

The objective of this work was to characterize nutritional parameters of bee pollens from plant species occurring in a semiarid region, in Picos, state of Piaui, Brazil. Bee pollen samples were collected from the experimental apiary of the Study Group on Bees from the Semiarid Region of Piaui (GEASPI/UFPI) and subjected to melissopalynological analysis to determine their botanical origins, and bromatological analysis (crude protein, lipids, fibers, and ash) in the Laboratory of Animal Nutrition of the Department of Zootechnics of the Federal University of Piaui (UFPI), in Teresina, Piaui (DZO/UFPI/Teresina). Six plant species (Aspilia sp., Senna obtusifolia,Mimosa pudica L., Cupheaericoides, Croton sp., and Mimosa caesalpiniifolia) were predominant for bee pollen production in the study area. Therefore, the nutritional compositions of the pollen produced in the Caatinga area varied according to their botanical origin, as shown by the crude protein (20.75% to 38.18%), fiber (0.53% to 1.37%), lipid (0.49% to 4.7%), and total mineral (2.56 to 4.17%) contents. Bromatological parameters also varied according to the botanical origin of the pollens evaluated. The study region has considerable diversity of pollinator plant species that provide bee pollens with a wide spectrum of nutritional characteristics.(AU)

O objetivo do trabalho foi caracterizar, por meio de parâmetros nutricionais, amostras de pólen apícola pro-venientes de espécies vegetais ocorrentes em uma região semiárida, no município de Picos, Piauí. As amostras de pólen apícola foram coletadas do apiário experimental do Grupo de Estudos sobre Abelhas do Semiárido Piauiense (GEASPI/UFPI) e submetidas: 1. à análise melissopalinológica para a determinação das origens botânicas; e 2. às análises broma-tológicas (proteína bruta, lipídeos, fibras e cinzas) no Laboratório de Nutrição Animal do Departamento de Zootecnia (DZO/UFPI/Teresina). Constatou-se que existem seis espécies (Aspilia sp., Senna obtusifolia,Mimosa pudica L., Cupheaericoides, Croton sp. e Mimosa caesalpiniifolia) vegetais predominantes na produção de pólen apícola na área de estudo e assim, o pólen apícola produzido em uma área de Caatinga do município de Picos apresentou composição nutricional que variou de acordo com sua origem botânica: teor de proteína bruta (20,75 a 38,18%), a quantidade de fibras (0,53 a 1,37%), o teor de lipídeos (0,49 a 4,7%) e a quantidade de minerais totais (2,56 a 4,17%). Observou-se que os parâme-tros bromatológicos do pólen apícola variaram de acordo com a origem botânica do produto. Concluiu-se que a região apresenta considerável diversidade de espécies vegetais poliníferas que concedem ao pólen apícola um amplo espectro de características nutricionais.(AU)

Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Rosemary Complex Powder on the Growth Performance of Native Chickens

This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with rosemary complex powder on the growth performance of native chickens. In total, 180 one day-old native chicks were assigned to one of three dietary groups (60 birds each). The control group (Group A) received the basal diet. In addition to the basal diet, the two experimental diets (Groups B and C) were supplemented with 0.2% and 0.4% rosemary complex powder, which contained rosemary leaves, sweet basil, pineapple sage and sweet lavender. Over 19 weeks, feed intake was recorded to determine the average daily gain and feed conversion ratio. In weeks 10 and 15, blood samples were taken for serum antibody titer analysis. At the end of the experiment, serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) and serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations were examined. No differences were observed among the groups in terms of the starting weight, weight in week 19, average daily feed intake, average daily gain, or average feed conversion ratio. The addition of rosemary complex powder improved total weight gain by 1.52%. Serum IgA and serum IgG concentrations were significantly lower in the experimental groups in comparison to the control group (p<0.05). Villus height, villus width, crypt depth, and villus height/crypt depth ratio were significantly higher in group B than in group A (p<0.05). In summary, rosemary complex powder improved the intestinal absorption capacity of chickens and significantly reduced their immunoglobulin concentrations.(AU)

Evaluation of nutritional composition of flour residue of mangaba processing / Avaliação dos fatos nutricionais do processamento do resíduo da farinha de mangaba

Abstract Among several fruits, mangaba (Hancornia speciosa Gomes), it aroused the interest of producers and consumers due to its attractive sensory characteristics and health beneficial properties (high nutritional value and presence of bioactive substances), thus, this work evaluates the nutritional factors of the flour residue of mangaba processing that is despised by the food industry, and the influence of temperature on its production. The mangaba processing residue was splited in two main groups: in natura sample (control), and other for preparation of flour that was dried at 50 °C and divided into two other groups: treatment A (flour with roasts at 110 °C and 130 °C) and treatment B (flour from drying at 50 °C). The nutritional characteristics of flours were analyzed considering the chemical parameters: pH, titratable total acidity and soluble solids, in addition to the determination of moisture content, total lipids, total dietary fiber and ash, total energy value, antioxidant activity, phytochemical screening, quantification of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, as well as technological functional properties (water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI), milk absorption index (MAI) and milk solubility index (MSI) and oil absorption index (OAI). The results showed that the bioactive compounds present in the extracts do not have significant properties of acting as free radical kidnappers. The heat treatment, performed in the flour of mangaba processing residues, influenced the nutritional factors and properties of absorption and solubility, which showed statistical differences. These results show that the flour is a viable alternative for the energy enrichment of diets, contributing to the development of new products, the reduction of the disposal of these residues and consequently to the minimization of the environmental impact.

Resumo Dentre as diversas frutas a mangaba (Hancornia speciosa Gomes), despertou interesse de produtores e consumidores devido às suas características sensoriais atrativas e propriedades benéficas à saúde (elevado valor nutricional e presença de substâncias bioativas), assim, o trabalho avaliar os fatores nutricionais do resíduo da farinha de processamento de mangaba que é desprezado pela indústria alimentícia e, a influência da temperatura na sua produção. O resíduo de processamento da mangaba foi dividido em dois lotes, sendo um deles utilizado para as análises in natura (amostra controle) e o outro para a confecção da farinha que foi seca a 50 °C, e dividida em dois lotes: tratamento A (farinha com torras a 110 °C e 130 °C) e no tratamento B (farinha oriunda da secagem a 50 °C). Analisou-se as características nutricionais de farinhas considerando os parâmetros químicos: pH, acidez total titulável e sólidos solúveis, além da determinação do teor de umidade, lipídios totais, fibra alimentar total e cinzas, valor energético total, atividade antioxidante, triagem fitoquímica, quantificação de compostos fenólicos e flavonoides, bem como as propriedades funcionais tecnológicas (índice de absorção de água (IAA), índice de solubilidade em água (ISA), índice de absorção de leite (IAL) e índice de solubilidade em leite (ISL) e índice de absorção de óleo (IAO). Na análise foi inferido que os compostos bioativos presentes nos extratos não possuem propriedades significativas de agir como sequestradores de radicais livres. O tratamento térmico, realizado na farinha de resíduos de processamento de mangaba, influenciou nos dados dos fatores nutricionais e das propriedades de absorção e solubilidade, os quais apresentaram diferenças estatísticas. Estes resultados credenciam a farinha como uma alternativa viável para o enriquecimento energético de dietas, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento de novos produtos, a redução do descarte desses resíduos e consequentemente para a minimização do impacto ambiental.

Effect of adding Spirulina platensis algae to small ruminant rations on productive, reproductive traits and some blood components

This experiment conducted using 20 Rahmani ewes at the last third of pregnancy in two equal groups. One group served as control, while the other group received Spirulina platensis(SP) at the rate of 0.5 gm 10 kg-1live body weight. The objective was to find out the effect of adding Spirulina platensisalgae to small ruminant rations on reproductive and productive traits and blood components of sheep. The experiments lasted for 120 days for both dams and their lambs after weaning. The findings proved that adding SP in ewes' diets had no effect on the average of live body weight change. Average milk yield was significantly (p <0.01) higher in the treatment group than the control. Lamb's birth weight and daily body gain of the treated group were significantly (p <0.01) higher than the control. Blood and serum picture profile of ewes were significantly higher when fed SP additive than the control.It could be concluded that the addition of SP to the ration of sheep positively preserved their health, productive and reproductive status as well as their lambs' growth rate. Also the additive improved the economic efficiency of treated animals by about 53.13%.(AU)

Effects of a hepatoprotectant and different feed energy sources on milk composition and nutrient partitioning in lactating cows / Efeitos de um hepatoprotetor e diferentes fontes de energia na dieta sobre a composição do leite e a partição dos nutrientes em vacas lactantes

The present study aimed at assessing the effects of hepatoprotective agents in diets that contain sources of energy on milk production, milk composition, and nutrient partition in lactating cows. Sixteen Holstein x Gir crossbred mid-lactation cows with an average body weight of 553 ± 85 kg were used in this study. These animals were allocated in a 4x4 Latin square design. A 2x2 factorial arrangement was employed in this feeding experiment. In each treatment, cows received diets with or without a hepatoprotective agent and variable in ground corn grain or citrus pulp as energy sources. Evaluated parameters included nutrient intake and digestibility, milk production, milk composition, energy balance, and nitrogen balance. Performance and nutrient balance variables were assessed and no interaction was observed between the hepatoprotective compounds and the dietary sources of energy. Dry matter intake, milk production and net energy for lactation were higher in corn as an energy source whereas milk fat content was higher in citrus pulp diets. There was a reduction in protein and casein contents in the milk of cows that was supplemented with an hepatoprotective agent. In this study, the hepatoprotective agent improved nitrogen balance in dairy cows. The use of the hepatoprotective compounds in the diet of these lactating cows in confinement reduced the milk protein fraction and favored a higher nitrogen balance in these animals. Retention of nitrogen compounds in the metabolism of lactating cows under confinement is influenced by hepatoprotective agents.(AU)

Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar os efeitos de fontes de energia associadas a um hepatoprotetor sobre a produção, composição do leite e a partição dos nutrientes em vacas lactantes confinadas. Foram utilizadas 16 vacas mestiças Holandês x Gir no terço médio da lactação, com peso corporal médio de 553 ± 85 kg, distribuídas em delineamento experimental quadrado latino 4x4 quádruplo em arranjo fatorial 2x2. Os tratamentos consistiram de dieta com ou sem a inclusão do hepatoprotetor, e variação de milho moído ou polpa cítrica como fontes de energia. Não houve interação (P>0.05) entre as fontes de energia e o hepatoprotetor para as variáveis de desempenho e balanço de nutrientes. O consumo de matéria seca, a produção de leite, o leite corrigido para 4% de gordura foram maiores (P<0.05) nas dietas com milho moído como fonte de energia. O teor de gordura do leite foi maior (P<0.05) nas dietas com a polpa cítrica. Houve redução (P<0.05) no teor de proteína bruta e caseína no leite das vacas que receberam o hepatoprotetor na dieta. O hepatoprotetor favoreceu maior (P<0.05) retenção e balanço de nitrogênio nas vacas. Portanto, o milho moído pode ser utilizado na dieta como fonte de energia para impulsionar a produção de leite. Enquanto, a fonte de energia proveniente da polpa cítrica afeta a composição do leite, através do incremento no teor de gordura. O uso de hepatoprotetores na dieta favoreceu maior retenção de nitrogênio em vacas lactantes confinadas.(AU)

Biomass sorghum silages with sugarcane / Silagem de sorgo biomassa com cana-de-açúcar / Ensilaje de sorgo biomasa con caña de azúcar

The storage of forage to be offered at different times of the year are viable alternatives for all production systems, and sorghum biomass has been highlighted for this purpose. As preservedforage, it was hypothesized that sugarcane can contribute to the fermentation process. Theobjective was to evaluate the inclusion of different levels of sugarcane (0, 20, 40 and60%) inthe silage of three biomass sorghum genotypes (B012, B017 and B018). The material wasensiled using PVC silos and after 60 days the silos were opened and the contents of drymatter, mineral matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, hemicellulose, lignin, and hydrogen potential were determined. The experiment wasconducted in a completely randomized design, in a factorial scheme with four replications. The data were analyzed through the analysis of variance followed by multiple comparisonbyTukey's test (α < 0.05) and linear regression. The biomass sorghum genotypes respondedsatisfactorily to the fermentation process, resulting in quality silages. However, the inclusionof sugarcane did not improve the quality of the silages, and its inclusion in the silage of thegenotypes evaluated is not recommended.(AU)

O armazenamento de forragem a ser ofertada em diferentes épocas do ano são alternativasviáveis para todos os sistemas de produção, e a biomassa de sorgo tem se destacado paraestefim. Como forragem preservada, levantou-se a hipótese de que a cana-de-açúcar podecontribuir para o processo de fermentação. O objetivo foi avaliar a inclusão de diferentesníveis de cana-de-açúcar (0, 20, 40 e 60%) na silagem de três genótipos de sorgo biomassa(B012, B017 e B018). O material foi ensilado em silos de PVC e após 60 dias foramabertosedeterminados os teores de matéria seca, matéria mineral, matéria orgânica, proteína bruta, fibra em detergente neutro, fibra em detergente ácido, hemicelulose, lignina e potencial dehidrogênio. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, emesquema fatorial com quatro repetições. Os dados foram analisados por meio da análisedevariância seguida de comparação múltipla pelo teste de Tukey (α < 0,05) e regressãolinear. Os genótipos de sorgo biomassa responderam satisfatoriamente ao processo de fermentação, resultando em silagens de qualidade. No entanto, a inclusão da cana-de-açúcar não melhoroua qualidade das silagens, não sendo recomendada sua inclusão na silagemdos genótipos avaliados.(AU)

Los acopios de forrajes para ser ofrecidos en diferentes épocas del año son alternativas viablespara todos los sistemas de producción, y para ello se ha destacado la biomasa de sorgo. Comoforraje conservado, se planteó la hipótesis de que la caña de azúcar puede contribuir al proceso de fermentación. El objetivo fue evaluar la inclusión de diferentes niveles de cañadeazúcar (0, 20, 40 y 60%) en el ensilaje de tres genotipos de sorgo de biomasa (B012, B017yB018). El material se ensiló en silos de PVC y después de 60 días se abrieron los silos ysedeterminaron los contenidos de materia seca, materia mineral, materia orgánica, proteínacruda, fibra detergente neutro, fibra detergente ácido, hemicelulosa, lignina y potencial dehidrógeno. El experimento se condujo en un diseño completamente al azar, en un esquemafactorial con cuatro repeticiones. Los datos fueron analizados a través del análisis de varianzaseguido de comparación múltiple por la prueba de Tukey (α < 0,05) y regresión lineal. Losgenotipos de sorgo de biomasa respondieron satisfactoriamente al proceso de fermentación, dando como resultado ensilajes de calidad. Sin embargo, la inclusión de caña de azúcar nomejoró la calidad de los ensilajes, por lo que no se recomienda su inclusión en los ensilajesdelos genotipos evaluados.(AU)

Elaboration, characterization, and probiotic viability of synbiotic non-dairy drink based on coconut / Elaboração, caracterização e viabilidade probiótica de bebida simbiótica não-láctea a base de coco

Coconut is a fruit grown in more than 80 countries owing to its outstanding nutritional and biological value and it is an important crop for the food industry" por "Coconut is a fruit grown in more than 80 countries and owing to its outstanding nutritional and biological value and it is an important crop for the food industry. Thus, developing new coconut-based products is attractive to explore the benefits provided by microorganisms and improve the nutritional and bioactive composition of coconut products, such as by preparing fermented beverages. This study developed and characterize a drink based on dry coconut with the prebiotic fructooligosaccharide fermented by the probiotic Lactobacillus casei. The drink was formulated, filtered, fermented, matured, and stored under refrigeration (4 °C) for 28 days; it was evaluated for its physical, chemical, antioxidant, and microbiological characteristics. Compared to the standard non-fermented sample during storage, the fermented drink showed significant variations (P < 0.05) in instrumental color, acidity, and pH, while changes in soluble solids and stability index were observed after 7 days of storage. Regarding the chemical composition, all parameters varied significantly after fermentation. The total phenolic compound content and antioxidant capacity increased significantly after fermentation. Significant reductions were observed (P < 0.05) in the viability of Lactobacillus casei after exposure to gastrointestinal tract conditions, with the following counts (in log CFU mL-1) after 0 and 28 days of storage: - initial: 9.23 ± 0.04 and 9.05 ± 0.12; after the gastric phase: 6.21 ± 0.09 and 5.90 ± 0.01; and after the intestinal phase: 4.59 ± 0.33 and 4.75 ± 0.23, respectively.

O coco é uma fruta cultivada em mais de 80 países e devido ao seu excelente valor nutricional e biológico é uma importante cultura para a indústria alimentícia. Assim, desenvolver novos produtos à base de coco é atrativo para explorar os benefícios proporcionados por microrganismos e melhorar a composição nutricional e bioativa de produtos de coco, como na preparação de bebidas fermentadas. Este estudo desenvolveu e caracterizou uma bebida à base de coco seco com o prebiótico frutooligossacarídeo, fermentada pelo probiótico Lactobacillus casei. A bebida foi formulada, filtrada, fermentada, maturada e armazenada sob refrigeração (4 °C) por 28 dias; além de avaliada em relação às suas características físicas, químicas, antioxidantes e microbiológicas. Quando comparada à amostra padrão não-fermentada ao longo do armazenamento, a bebida fermentada apresentou variações significativas (P < 0.05) para cor instrumental, acidez e pH, enquanto as alterações para sólidos solúveis e índice de estabilidade foram observadas a partir do 7° dia de armazenamento. Em relação à composição química, todos os parâmetros variaram significativamente após o processo fermentativo. O teor de compostos fenólicos totais e capacidade antioxidante aumentaram significativamente após a fermentação. Reduções significativas foram observadas (P < 0,05) na viabilidade do Lactobacillus casei após a exposição às condições do trato gastrointestinal, com as seguintes contagens (em UFC mL-1) após 0 e 28 dias de armazenamento: - inicial: 9,23 ± 0.04 e 9,05 ± 0,12; após a fase gástrica: 6,21 ± 0,09 e 5,90 ± 0,01; e após a fase intestinal: 4,59 ± 0,33 e 4,75 ± 0,23, respectivamente.

Requirement of digestible methionine + cystine in Japanese quails during the laying phase / Exigência de metionina + cistina digestível para codornas japonesas em fase de postura

An experiment was carried out with Japanese quails in the initial laying phase, from 43 to 168 days of age, to determine the nutritional requirement of digestible methionine + cystine for this period. 375 quails were used, being fifteen quails used per experimental unit. A total of 5 treatments (0.60, 0.75, 0.90, 1.05 and 1.20% digestible methionine + cystine) were used in a completely randomized design with 5 replicates each. The performance parameters evaluated were feed intake (g / bird), body weight (g), egg weight (g), laying rate (%), egg mass (g eggs.bird.day-1 ), feed conversion by mass and dozen eggs (g.g-1 of eggs, g.dz-1 of eggs), viability (%) and the body chemical composition (%). The egg quality parameters were: % of component (yolk, albumen and shell relative to egg weight), specific gravity (g mL-1 ), Haugh unit, yolk index, shell weight per surface area and thickness of the shell (mm). Quadratic effect was found on the performance parameters evaluated (P0.05). The nutritional recommendation of digestible methionine + cystine for Japanese quails at laying phase is 0.90% from the maximum point obtained for the egg mass, egg weight and laying rate, corresponding to daily intake of 241.54 mg of digestible methionine + cystine / day, respectively.

Foi desenvolvido um experimento com codornas japonesas na fase inicial de postura, de 43 a 168 dias de idade, com o objetivo de determinar a exigência nutricional de metionina + cistina digestível para este período. Foram utilizadas 375 codornas, sendo 15 aves por unidade experimental. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado (DIC) totalizando 5 tratamentos (0,60; 0,75; 0,90; 1,05 e 1,20 % de metionina + cistina digestível) com 5 repetições cada. As variáveis de desempenho avaliadas foram, consumo de ração (g/ave), peso corporal (g), peso do ovo (g), taxa de postura (%), produção de massa de ovos (g ovos.ave. dia-1), conversão alimentar por massa e dúzia de ovos (g.g-1 de ovos, g.dz-1 de ovos), viabilidade (%) e a composição química corporal (%). As variáveis de qualidade dos ovos foram, percentagem do componente (gema, albúmen e casca em relação ao peso do ovo), gravidade específica (g mL.-1), unidade Haugh, índice de gema e peso da casca por superfície de área. Foi encontrado efeito quadrático sobre as variáveis de desempenho avaliadas (P0,05). A recomendação nutricional de metionina + cistina digestível para codornas japonesas na fase de postura é de 0,90% a partir do ponto de máxima obtido para as variáveis massa de ovos, peso de ovos e taxa de postura, correspondendo ao consumo diário de 241,54 mg de metionina + cistina digestível / dia, respectivamente.

Cow milk or milk replacer in the diet of Holstein calves: effects on complete blood count, biochemistry variables, and performance / Leite de vacaousucedâneo do leitenadieta de bezerrosholandeses: efeitos no hemogramacompleto, variáveis ​​bioquímicas e desempenho

This study aimed to evaluate whether feeding calves with replacers instead of cow's milk interferes with complete blood count, biochemistry variables, survival, and weight gain, and the cost-benefit of these feeds in the suckling phase. We used 16 calves of the Holstein breed with an average of 8±4 days and 39±6 kg of average body weight, randomly divided into two groups: Replacer Group (N=8), receiving four liters of replacer milk during the 60 experimental days; and the Milk Group (N=8), calves receiving four liters of cow's milk. We observed that animals fed with cow's milk had higher body weight and weight gain at all weightings compared to those who consumed the dairy replacer. There was no calve death during the study. The cost (R$) of the diet of the calves that consumed replacer was lower. However, if we consider the weight gain during the experiment, the cost to produce 1 kg of body weight was similar between the treatments, because the calves that consumed milk were weaned with an average of 19kg more body weight. In conclusion, the use of dairy replacers as a replacer for cow's milk caused calves to have an overall lower performance compared to those who received cow's milk during the suckling phase.(AU)

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar se a alimentação de bezerros com sucedâneoem substituição ao leite de vaca causa interferência no hemograma, variáveis bioquímicas, sobrevivência e ganho de peso e o custo-benefício desses alimentos na fase de aleitamento. Foram utilizados 16 bezerros da raça Holandesa com média de 8±4 dias e 39±6 kg de peso corporal médio, divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: Grupo Sucedâneo (N=8), recebendo quatro litros de leite em pó durante os 60 dias de experimentos; e o Grupo Leite (N=8), bezerros recebendo quatro litros de leite de vaca. Observamos que os animais alimentados com leite de vaca apresentaram maior peso corporal e ganho de peso em todas as pesagens em relação aos que consumiram o sucedâneo lácteo. Não houve morte de bezerros durante o estudo. O custo (R$) da dieta dos bezerros que consumiram substituto foi menor. No entanto, se considerarmos o ganho de peso durante o experimento, o custo para produzir 1 kg de peso corporal foi semelhante entre os tratamentos, pois os bezerros que consumiram leite foram desmamados com média de 19kg a mais de peso corporal. Em conclusão, o uso de sucedâneos lácteos como substituto do leite de vaca fez com que os bezerros tivessem um desempenho geral inferior em comparação com aqueles que receberam leite de vaca durante a fase de aleitamento.(AU)