Curcumin exerts its antioxidant and neuroprotective effects against aluminum-induced oxidative stress and neurotoxicity in male albino rats

Aluminum is a neurotoxicant and one of the most harmful metals in the environment; it is producing tissue inflammation and oxidative stress. Curcumin is an effective antioxidant and neuroprotective compound with medicinal potential. Curcumin's effect on AL toxicity was investigated in this study. Two groups of 70 mature adult albino rats were used, each of which was subdivided into five groups: Control, Vehicle, Curcumin, Aluminum, and Curcumin + Aluminum group. For two periods of 20 and 40 days, animal models were administered orally AlCl3 (20 mg kg-1 bw) and/or Curcumin (100 mg kg-1 bw). In the cerebral cortex, aluminum caused a significant rise (p < 0.05) in lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation, as well as a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase. In the brain hippocampus, aluminum caused a major reduction (p < 0.05) in neurotransmitters (dopamine and serotonin), while Acetylcholine esterase activity increased sharply (p < 0.05). Aluminum also triggered histological analyses in the hippocampus of the brain. Curcumin co-administration considerably reduced the increase in lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation, but also enhanced the depletion of antioxidant enzymes. Curcumin also reversed the decline in neurotransmitters, the increase in Acetylcholine esterase, and the distortion in the brain hippocampus.(AU)

Curcumin alleviated oxidation stress injury by mediating osteopontin in nephrolithiasis rats

Purpose: To explore the role and mechanism of curcumin (Cur) in reducing oxidative stress damage in rats with nephrolithiasis induced by ethylene glycol (EG). Methods: Thirty male rats were divided into normal control, model, positive (10% potassium citrate), Cur-10 (10 mg/kg curcumin) and Cur-20 (20 mg/kg curcumin) groups. Results: The results of kidney tissue section stained by hematoxylin-eosin and von Kossa showed that curcumin treatment can inhibit the formation of kidney stones. The biochemical test results showed that the urea (Ur), creatinine (Cr), uric acid (UA), inorganic phosphorus and Ca2+ concentrations in urine decreased after being treated with curcumin. There were significant differences between different doses of curcumin (P < 0.05). Compared with the Cur-10 group, Cur-20 had a more significant inhibitory effect on malondialdehyde (MDA) (P < 0.05). In addition, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection and immunohistochemical results indicated that the osteopontin (OPN) in the kidney was significantly reduced after curcumin treatment. Conclusion: Curcumin could reduce the oxidative stress damage caused by EG-induced kidney stones.

Análise da atividade antibacteriana do extrato aquoso de Curcuma longa L. e digluconato de clorexidina no tratamento de doenças periodontais em cães e gatos / Analysis of the antibacterial activity of the aqueous extract of Curcuma longa L. in the treatment of periodontal diseases in dogs and cats / Análisis de la actividad antibacteriana del extracto acuoso de Curcuma longa L. en el tratamiento de enfermedades periodontales en perros y gatos

A doença periodontal é a afecção mais comum em cães e gatos. Atualmente, a substância mais eficaz para realizar a limpeza oral em animais de companhia é a Clorexidina muito eficiente no controle das placas bacterianas, mas seu uso prolongado causa muitos efeitos colaterais. O uso de plantas medicinais vem ganhando espaço na veterinária. Curcuma longa L., por exemplo, apresenta grande potencial terapêutico. A cúrcuma despertou interesse no campo da periodontia, pois atinge tanto as bactérias, com sua ação antimicrobiana, como as células inflamatórias do hospedeiro por sua ação anti-inflamatória. Buscando uma alternativa com menos efeito colateral, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a ação antibacteriana de Curcuma longa L. e do digluconato de clorexidina sobre alguns micro-organismos causadores dessa doença. O extrato seco de Curcuma longa L. e o digluconato de clorexidina foram adquiridos comercialmente de uma farmácia de manipulação, onde, posteriormente, obteve-se os extratos aquosos nas concentrações 1%; 2,5%; 5%; 10% e 20% e solução de clorexidina 2%. Realizou-se o preparo do inóculo, na escala de 0,5 de MacFarland, das cepas de E. coli e S. aureus. Todas as concentrações foram testadas em triplicata. Utilizou-se digluconato de clorexidina 2% como controle positivo e solução de água destilada com polissorbato 20 como controle negativo. Staphylococcus aureus mostrou-se sensível ao extrato aquoso de Curcuma longa L. em contrapartida Escherichia coli apresentou resistência. Por este estudo ter como objetivo o tratamento de doenças periodontais, não descarta-se a eficácia do extrato aquoso de curcuma longa sobre a bactéria Gram positiva que está presente na fase inicial dessa doença em cães e gatos, já que demonstrou sensibilidade, tornando necessário novas pesquisas para corroborar este estudo.

Periodontal disease is the most common condition in dogs and cats. Currently, the most effective substance in the control of bacterial plaques to carry out oral cleaning in pets is Chlorhexidine, but its prolonged use causes many side effects. As an alternative, the use of medicinal plants has been gaining ground in veterinary medicine, Curcuma longa L., for example, has great therapeutic potential. Curcumin has aroused interest in the field of periodontics due to its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory action. Seeking an alternative with fewer or no side effects, the present study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial action of Curcuma longa L. on some microorganisms that cause this disease. The dry extract of turmeric and the chlorhexidine digluconate were purchased commercially from a compounding pharmacy, where, subsequently, the aqueous extracts were obtained in concentrations of 1%; 2.5%; 5%; 10% and 20% and 2% chlorhexidine solution. The inoculum was prepared, on a MacFarland scale of 0.5, for the strains of E. coli and S. aureus. All concentrations were tested in triplicate. 2% chlorhexidine digluconate was used as a positive control and a solution of distilled water with polysorbate 20 as a negative control. Staphylococcus aureus was sensitive to the aqueous extract of Curcuma longa, while Escherichia coli showed resistance. Because this study aims to prevent periodontal diseases, the effectiveness of the aqueous extract of curcuma longa on the Gram positive bacteria that is present in the initial phase of this disease in dogs and cats it demonstrate sensitivity, and further research is necessary to corroborate this study.

La enfermedad periodontal es la condición más común en perros y gatos. Actualmente, la sustancia más eficazes en el control de las placas bacterianas para realizar la limpieza bucal en las mascotas es la Clorhexidina, pero su uso prolongado provoca muchos efectos secundarios. Como alternativa, en la medicina veterinaria ha ido ganando terreno el uso de plantas medicinales, por ejemplo, la Curcuma longa L. tiene un gran potencial terapéutico. La curcumina ha despertado interés en el campo de la periodoncia debido a su acción antimicrobiana y antiinflamatoria. Buscando una alternativa con menos o ningún efecto secundario, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la acción antibacteriana de Curcuma longa L. sobre algunos microorganismos que causan esta enfermedad. El extracto seco de Curcuma longa L. y el digluconato de clorhexidina fueron adquiridos comercialmente en una farmacia de compuestos, donde posteriormente se obtuvieron los extractos acuosos a concentraciones del 1%; 2,5%; 5%; al 10% y al 20% Solución de clorhexidina y al 2%. El inóculo se preparó, en una escala de MacFarland de 0,5, para las cepas de Escherichia coli y Staphylococcus aureus. Todas las concentraciones se ensayaron por triplicado. Se utilizó digluconato de clorhexidina al 2% como control positivo y como control negativo una solución de agua destilada con polisorbato 20. Staphylococcus aureus fue sensible al extracto acuoso de Curcuma longa, mientras que Escherichia coli mostró resistencia. Debido a que este estudio tiene como objetivo prevenir las enfermedades periodontales, no se puede descartar la efectividad del extracto acuoso de Curcuma longa sobre la bacteria Gram positiva que está presente en la fase inicial de esta enfermedad en perros y gatos, ya que demostró sensibilidad, lo que hace que se realicen más investigaciones necesario para corroborar este estúdio.

Treatment of colitis by oral negatively charged nanostructured curcumin in rats

Purpose: To examine the effects of a negatively charged nanostructured curcumin microemulsion in experimental ulcerative colitis (UC) in rats. Methods: Four percent acetic acid was used to induce UC. The animals were treated for seven days and randomly assigned to four groups: normal control (NC), colitis/normal saline (COL/NS), colitis/curcumin (COL/CUR), and colitis/mesalazine (COL/MES). The nanostructured curcumin was formulated with a negative zeta potential (-16.70 ± 1.66 mV). Dosage of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 1-ß (IL-1ß), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase), macro and microscopic evaluation of the colon tissue were analyzed. Results: The COL/CUR group had a higher level of antioxidant enzymes compared to the COL/MESgroup. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1ß and IL-6 were significantly lower in the colonic tissue of the COL/CUR group rats, when compared to the COL/NS and COL/MES groups (p < 0.001). The presence of ulcers in the colonic mucosa in rats of the COL/NSgroup was significantly higher than in the COL/MES group (p < 0.001). In the NC and COL/CUR groups, there were no ulcers in the colonic mucosa. Conclusions: The nanostructured microemulsion of curcumin, used orally, positively influenced the results of the treatment of UC in rats. The data also suggests that nanostructured curcumin with negative zeta potential is a promising phytopharmaceutical oral delivery system for UC therapy. Further research needs to be done to better understand the mechanisms of the negatively charged nanostructured curcumin microemulsion in UC therapy.

Turmeric ethanol extract (Curcuma longa L. ) reduces apoptosis and promotes canine osteosarcoma cell proliferation / Extrato etanólico de açafrão (Curcuma longa L. ) reduz apoptose e promove proliferação de células de osteossarcoma canino

Curcuma longa L., also known as turmeric, has been widely studied for its various therapeutic properties, including antineoplastic action. The ethanolic extract of the plant contains several phenolic compounds, especially curcumin. Osteosarcoma is a predominant bone tumor in dogs and humans, characterized by high metastatic potential and an unfavorable prognosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of turmeric ethanol extract on canine osteosarcoma cells from established culture. The cells were cultured and treated with different curcumin concentrations (0, 10 µM, 20 µM, 50 µM, 100 µM, and 1000 µM) and exposure times (24h, 48h, and 72h). We first performed tetrazolium reduction technique (MTT) assay and calculated IC50. An immunocytochemistry assay was performed after extract treatment to verify the expression of mutated p53 and therefore study the proliferative potential of malignant cells; Bcl-2 and Ki-67 were used to assess apoptosis and the degree of malignancy, respectively. The extract enhanced the proliferation of canine osteosarcoma cells, reaching 3,819.74% at 50 µM of curcumin. The extract also significantly altered the expression of mutated p53 and Ki-67 proteins but not that of Bcl-2, suggesting that it did not induce this antiapoptotic pathway. Overall, these results are prerequisite to better understanding how natural compounds such as turmeric ethanolic extract affect cell proliferation and could be used to treat various diseases.

A Curcuma longa L., planta conhecida popularmente como açafrão, tem sido amplamente estudada por suas diversas propriedades terapêuticas, incluindo a ação antineoplásica. O extrato etanólico da planta contém diversos compostos fenólicos, com destaque para a curcumina. O osteossarcoma é um tumor ósseo predominante em cães e humanos, caracterizado por apresentar alto potencial metastático e prognóstico desfavorável. Procurou-se investigar os efeitos de diferentes concentrações de curcumina do extrato etanólico de açafrão sobre células de osteossarcoma canino de cultura estabelecida. As células foram cultivadas e submetidas ao tratamento com extrato com diferentes concentrações de curcumina (0, 10 µM, 20 µM, 50 µM, 100 µM e 1000 µM) e tempos de exposição (24h, 48h e 72h) pelo EEA. Inicialmente, foram realizados: técnica de redução do tetrazólio (MTT) e cálculo da IC50. Posteriormente, após o tratamento com o extrato, realizou-se o ensaio de imunocitoquímica para verificar a expressão de p53 mutada e estudar o potencial proliferativo das células malignas; Bcl-2, com intuito de averiguar o estímulo de via antiapoptótica; e o marcador Ki-67, que sinaliza aumento no grau de malignidade. O extrato promoveu proliferação de células de osteossarcoma canino, com incremento de até 3819,74% na concentração de 50µM de curcumina. O composto também alterou a expressão das proteínas p53 mutante e Ki-67 significativamente, mas não alterou a expressão de Bcl-2, mostrando que não induziu a via antiapoptótica mediada por esta. Estes resultados demonstram que o extrato etanólico do açafrão apresenta potencial proliferativo sobre células de osteossarcoma canino, sugerindo a necessidade de conscientização e conhecimento dos reais efeitos de determinados compostos naturais, considerados seguros ao serem utilizados como tratamento de diversas enfermidades.

Administration of curcumin affects the anxiety behavior in Wistar rats after formaldehyde injected

The curcumin is part of the curcuminoids family. Present in the spice turmeric is a vegetable alkaloid obtained from Curcuma longa. Many studies have been carried out to describe the multiple biological actions of curcumin. The positive antidepressant and anti-anxiety effects of curcumin are most likely due to its ability to normalize specific physiological mechanisms, in addition to being a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Curcumin also protects the brain and simultaneously acts on several mechanisms related to depression. It is considered to be the most promising therapeutic target for treating depressive behaviors. Through this work, we will prove the protective effect of curcumin on the anxious behavior of Wistar rats and the complications induced by the administration of a toxic product that is formaldehyde. To this fact, 25 white rats of Wistar strains (250±50 g) were separated into five experimental batches: control batch (T; n = 5),vehicle control batch (CV; n = 5), Curcumin control batch (CC; n = 5), one batch formaldehyde vehicle (FV; n = 5) and one batch formaldehyde Curcumin (FC; n = 5). A single intraperitoneal injection carried out the formaldehyde administration diluted in distilled water at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Turmeric dissolved in olive oil was administered by gastric gavage at a dose of (60 mg/kg). Our results show the therapeutic benefits of curcumin against the deficits caused by formaldehyde reflected in a disturbance in rat behavior and degree of anxiety using the open-field test and the light and dark box test.(AU)

Administration of curcumin affects the anxiety behavior in Wistar rats after formaldehyde injected

The curcumin is part of the curcuminoids family. Present in the spice turmeric is a vegetable alkaloid obtained from Curcuma longa. Many studies have been carried out to describe the multiple biological actions of curcumin. The positive antidepressant and anti-anxiety effects of curcumin are most likely due to its ability to normalize specific physiological mechanisms, in addition to being a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Curcumin also protects the brain and simultaneously acts on several mechanisms related to depression. It is considered to be the most promising therapeutic target for treating depressive behaviors. Through this work, we will prove the protective effect of curcumin on the anxious behavior of Wistar rats and the complications induced by the administration of a toxic product that is formaldehyde. To this fact, 25 white rats of Wistar strains (250±50 g) were separated into five experimental batches: control batch (T; n = 5),vehicle control batch (CV; n = 5), Curcumin control batch (CC; n = 5), one batch formaldehyde vehicle (FV; n = 5) and one batch formaldehyde Curcumin (FC; n = 5). A single intraperitoneal injection carried out the formaldehyde administration diluted in distilled water at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Turmeric dissolved in olive oil was administered by gastric gavage at a dose of (60 mg/kg). Our results show the therapeutic benefits of curcumin against the deficits caused by formaldehyde reflected in a disturbance in rat behavior and degree of anxiety using the open-field test and the light and dark box test.

Phytochemical analysis and biological activities of ethanolic extract of Curcuma longa rhizome / Análise fitoquímica e atividades biológicas do extrato etanólico do rizoma de Curcuma longa

Curcuma longa is an important dietary plant which possess several pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflamatory, anticancer and anti clotting etc. The aim of the present study was to determine the phenolic profile of Curcuma longa and in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. In HPLC chromatogram of Curcuma longa rhizome extract 15 phenolic compounds were identified namely Digalloyl-hexoside, Caffeic acid hexoside, Curdione, Coumaric, Caffeic acid, Sinapic acid, Qurecetin-3-D-galactoside, Casuarinin, Bisdemethoxycurcumin, Curcuminol, Demethoxycurcumin, and Isorhamnetin, Valoneic acid bilactone, Curcumin, Curcumin-O-glucuronide respectively. The ethanolic extract displayed an IC50 value of 37.1±0.3 µg/ml against alpha glucosidase. The IC50 value of DPPH radical scavenging activity was 27.2 ± 1.1 g/mL. It is concluded that ethanolic extract of Curcuma long is rich source of curcumin and contain several important phenolics. The in vitro antioxidant and alpha glucosidase inhibitory effect of the plant justifies its popular use in traditional medicine.(AU)

A Curcuma longa é uma importante planta presente na dieta da população, pois possui diversas atividades farmacológicas, incluindo antioxidante, antimicrobiana, anti-inflamatória, anticancerígena, anticoagulante etc. O objetivo do presente estudo foi elucidar o perfil fenólico da Curcuma longa e determinar as atividades antioxidante e antidiabética in vitro do extrato. No cromatograma por HPLC do extrato de rizoma de Curcuma longa, foram identificados 15 compostos fenólicos: digaloil-hexosídeo, hexosídeo de ácido cafeico, curdiona, cumárico, ácido cafeico, ácido sinápico, quercetina-3-D-galactosídeo, casuarinina, bisdemetoxicurcumina, curcuminol, demetoxicurcumina, isoramnetina, bilactona de ácido valônico, curcumina e curcumina-O-glicuronídeo. O extrato etanólico apresentou um valor de IC50 de 37,1 ± 0,3 µg / mL em relação à alfa-glucosidase. O valor de IC50 da atividade de eliminação de radicais DPPH foi de 27,2 ± 1,1 g / mL. Conclui-se que o extrato etanólico de Curcuma longa é uma rica fonte de curcumina e contém várias substâncias fenólicas importantes. O efeito antioxidante in vitro e inibidor da alfa-glucosidase da planta justifica seu uso popular na medicina tradicional.(AU)

Curcumin protects remote organs against injury that is caused by intestinal ischemia and reperfusion

In addition to several local pathophysiological consequences, intestinal injury that is caused by ischemia and reperfusion can result in the development of lesions in remote organs. Curcumin has therapeutic potential because of its antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects. The present study evaluated the effects of curcumin on oxidative and inflammatory parameters in the liver and kidneys in rats that were subjected to intestinal ischemia and reperfusion. The rats were subjected to 45 min. of ischemia followed by 7 days of reperfusion and treated daily with 60 mg kg-1 curcumin. The liver and kidneys were collected, weighed, and biochemically analyzed. Intestinal ischemia and reperfusion increased levels of lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH), decreased levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), and increased the enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the liver. Intestinal ischemia and reperfusion decreased kidney weight and increased GST activity in the kidneys. Curcumin prevented these changes in the liver and kidneys. Intestinal ischemia and reperfusion mainly affected the liver, promoting inflammation and oxidative stress. The kidneys underwent repair much earlier than the liver, in which they did not present alterations of MPO or main parameters of oxidative stress after 7 days of reperfusion. Treatment with curcumin had beneficial effects, ameliorating or even preventing injury that was caused by intestinal ischemia and reperfusion in the liver and kidneys in rats

Curcumin protects remote organs against injury that is caused by intestinal ischemia and reperfusion

In addition to several local pathophysiological consequences, intestinal injury that is caused by ischemia and reperfusion can result in the development of lesions in remote organs. Curcumin has therapeutic potential because of its antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects. The present study evaluated the effects of curcumin on oxidative and inflammatory parameters in the liver and kidneys in rats that were subjected to intestinal ischemia and reperfusion. The rats were subjected to 45 min. of ischemia followed by 7 days of reperfusion and treated daily with 60 mg kg-1 curcumin. The liver and kidneys were collected, weighed, and biochemically analyzed. Intestinal ischemia and reperfusion increased levels of lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH), decreased levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), and increased the enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the liver. Intestinal ischemia and reperfusion decreased kidney weight and increased GST activity in the kidneys. Curcumin prevented these changes in the liver and kidneys. Intestinal ischemia and reperfusion mainly affected the liver, promoting inflammation and oxidative stress. The kidneys underwent repair much earlier than the liver, in which they did not present alterations of MPO or main parameters of oxidative stress after 7 days of reperfusion. Treatment with curcumin had beneficial effects, ameliorating or even preventing injury that was caused by intestinal ischemia and reperfusion in the liver and kidneys in rats(AU)

Phytochemical analysis and biological activities of ethanolic extract of Curcuma longa rhizome

Abstract Curcuma longa is an important dietary plant which possess several pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflamatory, anticancer and anti clotting etc. The aim of the present study was to determine the phenolic profile of Curcuma longa and in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. In HPLC chromatogram of Curcuma longa rhizome extract 15 phenolic compounds were identified namely Digalloyl-hexoside, Caffeic acid hexoside, Curdione, Coumaric, Caffeic acid, Sinapic acid, Qurecetin-3-D-galactoside, Casuarinin, Bisdemethoxycurcumin, Curcuminol, Demethoxycurcumin, and Isorhamnetin, Valoneic acid bilactone, Curcumin, Curcumin-O-glucuronide respectively. The ethanolic extract displayed an IC50 value of 37.1±0.3 µg/ml against alpha glucosidase. The IC50 value of DPPH radical scavenging activity was 27.2 ± 1.1 g/mL. It is concluded that ethanolic extract of Curcuma long is rich source of curcumin and contain several important phenolics. The in vitro antioxidant and alpha glucosidase inhibitory effect of the plant justifies its popular use in traditional medicine.

Resumo A Curcuma longa é uma importante planta presente na dieta da população, pois possui diversas atividades farmacológicas, incluindo antioxidante, antimicrobiana, anti-inflamatória, anticancerígena, anticoagulante etc. O objetivo do presente estudo foi elucidar o perfil fenólico da Curcuma longa e determinar as atividades antioxidante e antidiabética in vitro do extrato. No cromatograma por HPLC do extrato de rizoma de Curcuma longa, foram identificados 15 compostos fenólicos: digaloil-hexosídeo, hexosídeo de ácido cafeico, curdiona, cumárico, ácido cafeico, ácido sinápico, quercetina-3-D-galactosídeo, casuarinina, bisdemetoxicurcumina, curcuminol, demetoxicurcumina, isoramnetina, bilactona de ácido valônico, curcumina e curcumina-O-glicuronídeo. O extrato etanólico apresentou um valor de IC50 de 37,1 ± 0,3 µg / mL em relação à alfa-glucosidase. O valor de IC50 da atividade de eliminação de radicais DPPH foi de 27,2 ± 1,1 g / mL. Conclui-se que o extrato etanólico de Curcuma longa é uma rica fonte de curcumina e contém várias substâncias fenólicas importantes. O efeito antioxidante in vitro e inibidor da alfa-glucosidase da planta justifica seu uso popular na medicina tradicional.

Supplementation of Curcuma longa hydrolate improves immunomodulatory response in Nile tilapia reared in a recirculation aquaculture system / [Suplementação de extrato aquoso de Curcuma longa aprimorando a resposta imunomoduladora em tilápias cultivadas em sistema de recirculação em aquicultura]

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with different doses of Curcuma longa hydrolate on the hematological, immunological and zootechnical parameters of Nile tilapia cultivated in a recirculation system (RAS). Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were used, distributed in 16 polyethylene boxes, divided into four treatments: 0.0%; 2.5%; 7.5% and 10.0% of Curcuma longa hydrolate, in quadruplicate. After 45 days of treatment, four fish per experimental unit were anesthetized to remove blood aliquot for hematological and immunological analyzes and dissect the liver to evaluate the hepatosomatic index and final biometry. In the haematological analysis, the fish fed with 2.5% had a higher number of leukocytes, monocytes and lymphocytes than control, while the doses of 7.5% and 10.0% did not differ. Antimicrobial activity showed a significant decrease as the dose of C. longa hydrolate increased. The other hematological, immunological, hepatosomatic index and zootechnical data did not differ between treatments. Thus, supplementation of the hydrolate of Curcuma longa at a dosage of 2.5%, improved and maintained blood-immune homeostasis parameters in these animals, being suggested for further studies.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da suplementação dietética com diferentes doses de hidrolato de Curcuma longa nos parâmetros hematológicos, imunológicos e zootécnicos da tilápia-do-nilo cultivada em sistema de recirculação. Utilizou-se tilápia- do-nilo (Oreochromis niloticus), distribuída em 16 caixas de polietileno, divididas em quatro tratamentos: 0,0%; 2,5%7,5% e 10,0% de hidrolato de Curcuma longa, em quadruplicata. Após 45 dias de tratamento, quatro peixes por unidade experimental foram anestesiados para remover uma alíquota sanguínea para análises hematológicas e imunológicas, e removeu-se o fígado para avaliar o índice hepatossomático e a biometria final. Na análise hematológica, os peixes alimentados com 2,5% apresentaram maior número de leucócitos, monócitos e linfócitos que no controle, enquanto as doses de 7,5% e 10,0% não diferiram. Por outro lado, a atividade antimicrobiana apresentou uma redução significativa à medida que a dose de hidrolato de C. longa aumentou. Os demais dados hematológicos, imunológicos, hepatossomáticos e zootécnicos não diferiram entre os tratamentos. Assim, a suplementação do hidrolato de Curcuma longa, na dose de 2,5%, melhorou os parâmetros hematoimunológicos e manteve a homeostase nesses animais, sendo sugerida para novos estudos.(AU)

Alleviation of heat stress in broiler chicken using turmeric (Curcumalonga) - a short review

Heat stress is one of the most crucial issues in broiler production, particularly in tropical regions. Thermal stress may pose several problems related to growth, feed intake,nutrient utilization, physiological condition, immune function, intestinal ecology, and morphology as well as the antioxidantsystem in the body of chickens. Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is rich in curcumin, which can serve as an antioxidant. Being partof the nutritional interventions, treatment using turmeric has been documented to alleviate the negative impact of heatstress on broiler chickens, in terms of production, physiology, immunology, and antioxidant status of broilers. The presentreview elucidates the alleviation of heat stress in broiler chicken using turmeric based on the most recent literature.(AU)

Alleviation of heat stress in broiler chicken using turmeric (Curcumalonga) - a short review

Heat stress is one of the most crucial issues in broiler production, particularly in tropical regions. Thermal stress may pose several problems related to growth, feed intake,nutrient utilization, physiological condition, immune function, intestinal ecology, and morphology as well as the antioxidantsystem in the body of chickens. Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is rich in curcumin, which can serve as an antioxidant. Being partof the nutritional interventions, treatment using turmeric has been documented to alleviate the negative impact of heatstress on broiler chickens, in terms of production, physiology, immunology, and antioxidant status of broilers. The presentreview elucidates the alleviation of heat stress in broiler chicken using turmeric based on the most recent literature.

Physical-chemical characterization of fresh shanklish cheese with kefir and turmeric extract (Curcuma longa l. ) / Caracterização físico-química de queijo chancliche fresco adicionado de kefir e extrato de açafrão (Curcuma longa l. ) / Caracterización física y química del queso chancliche fresco añadido con extracto de kefir y azafrán (Curcuma longa l. )

Currently, a large number of consumers seek to include functional foods in their diets, aiming beyond the nutritional value prevent health problems, among these foods are probiotic products and vegetables containing bioactive compounds. The objective of this work was to develop and physical-chemically evaluate fresh Shanklish cheeses with the addition of kefir and turmeric extract in order to develop a functional cheese. Shanklish cheese was manufactured and submitted to three different treatments: with the addition of kefir, turmeric extract and both of them. The results obtained for cheese composition were close to the results found in the literature and the cheeses showed stable pH values during the 21 days of storage at 8ºC. It concluded that the addition of kefir and turmeric extract in Shanklish cheese is a way to develop a functional cheese.(AU)

Atualmente é grande o número de consumidores que buscam incluir alimentos funcionais em suas dietas visando além do valor nutricional a prevenção de problemas de saúde, entre esses alimentos encontram-se os produtos probióticos e os vegetais contendo compostos bioativos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver e avaliar físico-quimicamente queijos Chancliche frescos com adição de kefir e extrato de cúrcuma buscando o desenvolvimento de um queijo funcional. Foram fabricados queijos Chancliche e submetidos a três tratamentos diferentes: com adição de kefir, extrato de cúrcuma e ambos. Os resultados obtidos para a composição dos queijos estavam próximos dos resultados encontrados na literatura e os queijos mostraram pH estável durante os 21 dias de armazenamento a 8ºC. Concluiu-se que a adição de kefir e extrato de cúrcuma em queijo Chancliche é uma maneira de desenvolver um queijo funcional.(AU)

Actualmente, una gran cantidad de consumidores buscan incluir alimentos funcionales en sus dietas, apuntando más allá del valor nutricional para prevenir problemas de salud, entre estos alimentos se encuentran los productos probióticos y los vegetales que contienen compuestos bioactivos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue desarrollar y evaluar químicamente quesos Chancliche frescos con la adición de kéfir y extracto de cúrcuma para desarrollar un queso funcional. Los quesos Chancliche fueron elaborados y sometidos a tres tratamientos diferentes: con la adición de kéfir, extracto de cúrcuma y ambos. Los resultados obtenidos para la composición de los quesos estaban cercanos a los resultados encontrados en la literatura y los quesos mostraron pH estable durante los 21 días de almacenamiento a 8ºC. Se concluyó que la adición de kéfir y extracto de cúrcuma en queso Chancliche es una forma de desarrollar un queso funcional.(AU)

Physical-chemical characterization of fresh shanklish cheese with kefir and turmeric extract (Curcuma longa l. ) / Caracterização físico-química de queijo chancliche fresco adicionado de kefir e extrato de açafrão (Curcuma longa l. ) / Caracterización física y química del queso chancliche fresco añadido con extracto de kefir y azafrán (Curcuma longa l. )

Currently, a large number of consumers seek to include functional foods in their diets, aiming beyond the nutritional value prevent health problems, among these foods are probiotic products and vegetables containing bioactive compounds. The objective of this work was to develop and physical-chemically evaluate fresh Shanklish cheeses with the addition of kefir and turmeric extract in order to develop a functional cheese. Shanklish cheese was manufactured and submitted to three different treatments: with the addition of kefir, turmeric extract and both of them. The results obtained for cheese composition were close to the results found in the literature and the cheeses showed stable pH values during the 21 days of storage at 8ºC. It concluded that the addition of kefir and turmeric extract in Shanklish cheese is a way to develop a functional cheese.(AU)

Atualmente é grande o número de consumidores que buscam incluir alimentos funcionais em suas dietas visando além do valor nutricional a prevenção de problemas de saúde, entre esses alimentos encontram-se os produtos probióticos e os vegetais contendo compostos bioativos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver e avaliar físico-quimicamente queijos Chancliche frescos com adição de kefir e extrato de cúrcuma buscando o desenvolvimento de um queijo funcional. Foram fabricados queijos Chancliche e submetidos a três tratamentos diferentes: com adição de kefir, extrato de cúrcuma e ambos. Os resultados obtidos para a composição dos queijos estavam próximos dos resultados encontrados na literatura e os queijos mostraram pH estável durante os 21 dias de armazenamento a 8ºC. Concluiu-se que a adição de kefir e extrato de cúrcuma em queijo Chancliche é uma maneira de desenvolver um queijo funcional.(AU)

Actualmente, una gran cantidad de consumidores buscan incluir alimentos funcionales en sus dietas, apuntando más allá del valor nutricional para prevenir problemas de salud, entre estos alimentos se encuentran los productos probióticos y los vegetales que contienen compuestos bioactivos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue desarrollar y evaluar químicamente quesos Chancliche frescos con la adición de kéfir y extracto de cúrcuma para desarrollar un queso funcional. Los quesos Chancliche fueron elaborados y sometidos a tres tratamientos diferentes: con la adición de kéfir, extracto de cúrcuma y ambos. Los resultados obtenidos para la composición de los quesos estaban cercanos a los resultados encontrados en la literatura y los quesos mostraron pH estable durante los 21 días de almacenamiento a 8ºC. Se concluyó que la adición de kéfir y extracto de cúrcuma en queso Chancliche es una forma de desarrollar un queso funcional.(AU)

Effect of Dietary Curcumin on the Antioxidant Status of Laying Hens under High-Temperature Conditions

Heat stress induces oxidative stress, and reduces body antioxidant metabolite levels, which can affect poultry production performance. Dietary antioxidants protect birds against the adverse effects of heat stress. The effects of increasing concentrations of dietary curcumin on the antioxidant parameters of layers maintained under high-temperature conditions for nine weeks were evaluated. Roman laying hens (n = 336, 22 weeks old, 1420 g BW) were divided into three treatment groups. The first group served as a thermoneutral control (kept at 25 ± 1 °C). The second group was exposed to high temperatures (32 ± 1 °C, 6 h/d), given a basal diet. The third group was further divided into five treatment groups (100, 150, 200, 250, 300 mg/kg Curcumin) fed a basal diet (treatments H1, H2, H3, H4, H5) under high temperatures conditions (32 ± 1 °C, 6 hours/day). As a result of this study, total superoxide dismutase activity was significantly higher in H2 and H3 groups, and total antioxidant capacity was higher in H2, H3, and H5 groups. Catalase and glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly higher in the H3 group. Malondialdehyde concentration was lowered in curcumin supplemented hens compared with control groups hens. Laying hens in all curcumin treatment groups had slightly higher activities of CAT, SOD, GSH-Px, and T-AOC in the liver, heart, and lungs, compared with heat stressed control group. It was concluded that dietary curcumin given to laying hens under heat stress may enhance their antioxidant status, and alleviate the detrimental effects of stressful environmental conditions.(AU)

Effect of Dietary Curcumin on the Antioxidant Status of Laying Hens under High-Temperature Conditions

Heat stress induces oxidative stress, and reduces body antioxidant metabolite levels, which can affect poultry production performance. Dietary antioxidants protect birds against the adverse effects of heat stress. The effects of increasing concentrations of dietary curcumin on the antioxidant parameters of layers maintained under high-temperature conditions for nine weeks were evaluated. Roman laying hens (n = 336, 22 weeks old, 1420 g BW) were divided into three treatment groups. The first group served as a thermoneutral control (kept at 25 ± 1 °C). The second group was exposed to high temperatures (32 ± 1 °C, 6 h/d), given a basal diet. The third group was further divided into five treatment groups (100, 150, 200, 250, 300 mg/kg Curcumin) fed a basal diet (treatments H1, H2, H3, H4, H5) under high temperatures conditions (32 ± 1 °C, 6 hours/day). As a result of this study, total superoxide dismutase activity was significantly higher in H2 and H3 groups, and total antioxidant capacity was higher in H2, H3, and H5 groups. Catalase and glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly higher in the H3 group. Malondialdehyde concentration was lowered in curcumin supplemented hens compared with control groups hens. Laying hens in all curcumin treatment groups had slightly higher activities of CAT, SOD, GSH-Px, and T-AOC in the liver, heart, and lungs, compared with heat stressed control group. It was concluded that dietary curcumin given to laying hens under heat stress may enhance their antioxidant status, and alleviate the detrimental effects of stressful environmental conditions.

Propriedades e usos da cúrcuma / Properties and uses of turmeric / Propiedades y usos de la cúrcuma

A Cúrcuma (Curcuma longa) é uma planta originária do sudoeste asiático, que faz parte da família Zingiberaceae. É uma erva amarga, adstringente, com cheiro característico e forte cor amarela e que cujas raízes (rizomas) secas e maceradas têm sido utilizadas atualmente como corante e condimento para carnes e vegetais. O principal composto bioativo da cúrcuma é a curcumina, que se encontra em percentuais de dois a cinco por cento em suas raízes, sendo também é responsável pela sua coloração. Sabendo-se das suas propriedades bioativas e de várias que ainda estão sendo testadas, esse trabalho objetivou apresentar as principais propriedades e usos da cúrcuma. Historicamente a cúrcuma é empregada em diversos medicamentos utilizados pela medicina Ayurveda (sistema medicinal característico da Índia Antiga). Quimicamente é um pó insolúvel na água e no éter etílico, mas solúvel no etanol e acetona, é um diferoilmetano com a fórmula C21H20O6 e peso molecular 368,4. Muitos trabalhos estão sendo produzidos ultimamente buscando entender o funcionamento metabólico da curcumina e suas possíveis atividades biológicas. Entre as propriedades já estudadas destacam-se as capacidades anticoagulante, antifúngica, anti-inflamatória, antimalárica, antioxidante, antiviral, cicatrizante, esquistossomicida, hipolipemiante, leishmanicida, nematocida, tripanocida neuroprotetora, anti-amiloidogênica e imunomoduladora. A curcumina possui a vantagem de ser uma molécula de fácil acesso, uma vez que pode ser adquirida como condimento doméstico em todo o mundo e possui variadas aplicações, porém devido a sua baixa biodisponibilidade, baixa solubilidade em água e alta afinidade pelas proteínas plasmáticas faz-se necessário que novos estudos sejam realizados para que ela possa ser empregada efetivamente como um bioativo vegetal.(AU)

Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is a plant originated from Southeast Asia; it belongs to the Zingiberaceae family. It is a bitter, astringent herb, with a characteristic smell and strong yellow color. Its dried and macerated roots (rhizomes) have been used as coloring and condiment for meat and vegetables. Turmeric main bioactive compound is curcumin, which is found at concentrations of approximately two to five percent on its roots, being also responsible for its coloration. With the knowledge of its bioactive properties and of several other properties that are still being tested, this paper aimed at presenting the main properties and uses of turmeric. Turmeric has historically been used in various medicines by Ayurveda medicine (a medicinal system characteristic of ancient India). Chemically, it is a powder insoluble in either water or ethyl ether, despite being soluble in ethanol and acetone. It is a difoylmethane of formula C21H20O6 and molecular weight 368.4. Many works are being produced seeking to understand the metabolic functioning of curcumin and its possible biological activities. Among the properties already studied, it has proven anticoagulant, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, antioxidant, antiviral, scarring, schistosomicide, hypolipidemic, leishmanicidal, nematocidal, trypanocidal neuroprotective, anti-amyloidogenic and immunomodulatory capacities. Curcumin has the advantage of being an easily accessible molecule as it can be purchased as a domestic condiment worldwide and is widely applied in several cuisines. However, due to its low bioavailability, low water solubility and high affinity for plasma proteins, further studies should be carried out so that it can be effectively employed as a plant bioactive.(AU)

La cúrcuma (Curcuma longa) es una planta originaria del sudeste asiático, pertenece a la familia Zingiberaceae. Es una hierba amarga y astringente, con un olor característico y un fuerte color amarillo y cuyas raíces (rizomas) secas y maceradas se utilizan actualmente como colorante y condimento para carnes y vegetales. El principal compuesto bioactivo de la cúrcuma es la curcumina, que se encuentra cerca del dos al cinco por ciento de sus raíces y también es responsable por su coloración. Debido a sus propiedades bioactivas y de varias que aún se están probando, ese estudio tuvo como objetivo presentar las principales propiedades y usos de la cúrcuma. Históricamente, la cúrcuma es empleada en varias medicinas utilizadas por la medicina Ayurveda (sistema medicinal característico de la antigua India). Químicamente es un polvo insoluble en agua y éter etílico, pero soluble en etanol y acetona, es un diferoilmetano de fórmula C21H20O6 y peso molecular 368.4. Últimamente se están produciendo muchos trabajos que buscan comprender el funcionamiento metabólico de la curcumina y sus posibles actividades biológicas. Entre las propiedades ya estudiadas se encuentran las capacidades anticoagulante, antifúngica, antiinflamatoria, antipalúdica, antioxidante, antiviral, cicatrizante, esquistosomicida, hipolipidémica, leishmanicida, nematocida, tripanocida, neuroprotectora, antiamiloidogénica e inmunomoduladora. La curcumina tiene la ventaja de ser una molécula de fácil acceso, ya que se puede comprar como condimento doméstico en todo el mundo y tiene una variedad de aplicaciones, pero debido a su baja biodisponibilidad, baja solubilidad en agua y alta afinidad por las proteínas plasmáticas se hace necesario que nuevos estudios sean llevados a cabo para que ella pueda ser empleada efectivamente como planta bioactiva.(AU)

Propriedades e usos da cúrcuma / Properties and uses of turmeric / Propiedades y usos de la cúrcuma

A Cúrcuma (Curcuma longa) é uma planta originária do sudoeste asiático, que faz parte da família Zingiberaceae. É uma erva amarga, adstringente, com cheiro característico e forte cor amarela e que cujas raízes (rizomas) secas e maceradas têm sido utilizadas atualmente como corante e condimento para carnes e vegetais. O principal composto bioativo da cúrcuma é a curcumina, que se encontra em percentuais de dois a cinco por cento em suas raízes, sendo também é responsável pela sua coloração. Sabendo-se das suas propriedades bioativas e de várias que ainda estão sendo testadas, esse trabalho objetivou apresentar as principais propriedades e usos da cúrcuma. Historicamente a cúrcuma é empregada em diversos medicamentos utilizados pela medicina Ayurveda (sistema medicinal característico da Índia Antiga). Quimicamente é um pó insolúvel na água e no éter etílico, mas solúvel no etanol e acetona, é um diferoilmetano com a fórmula C21H20O6 e peso molecular 368,4. Muitos trabalhos estão sendo produzidos ultimamente buscando entender o funcionamento metabólico da curcumina e suas possíveis atividades biológicas. Entre as propriedades já estudadas destacam-se as capacidades anticoagulante, antifúngica, anti-inflamatória, antimalárica, antioxidante, antiviral, cicatrizante, esquistossomicida, hipolipemiante, leishmanicida, nematocida, tripanocida neuroprotetora, anti-amiloidogênica e imunomoduladora. A curcumina possui a vantagem de ser uma molécula de fácil acesso, uma vez que pode ser adquirida como condimento doméstico em todo o mundo e possui variadas aplicações, porém devido a sua baixa biodisponibilidade, baixa solubilidade em água e alta afinidade pelas proteínas plasmáticas faz-se necessário que novos estudos sejam realizados para que ela possa ser empregada efetivamente como um bioativo vegetal.(AU)

Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is a plant originated from Southeast Asia; it belongs to the Zingiberaceae family. It is a bitter, astringent herb, with a characteristic smell and strong yellow color. Its dried and macerated roots (rhizomes) have been used as coloring and condiment for meat and vegetables. Turmeric main bioactive compound is curcumin, which is found at concentrations of approximately two to five percent on its roots, being also responsible for its coloration. With the knowledge of its bioactive properties and of several other properties that are still being tested, this paper aimed at presenting the main properties and uses of turmeric. Turmeric has historically been used in various medicines by Ayurveda medicine (a medicinal system characteristic of ancient India). Chemically, it is a powder insoluble in either water or ethyl ether, despite being soluble in ethanol and acetone. It is a difoylmethane of formula C21H20O6 and molecular weight 368.4. Many works are being produced seeking to understand the metabolic functioning of curcumin and its possible biological activities. Among the properties already studied, it has proven anticoagulant, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, antioxidant, antiviral, scarring, schistosomicide, hypolipidemic, leishmanicidal, nematocidal, trypanocidal neuroprotective, anti-amyloidogenic and immunomodulatory capacities. Curcumin has the advantage of being an easily accessible molecule as it can be purchased as a domestic condiment worldwide and is widely applied in several cuisines. However, due to its low bioavailability, low water solubility and high affinity for plasma proteins, further studies should be carried out so that it can be effectively employed as a plant bioactive.(AU)

La cúrcuma (Curcuma longa) es una planta originaria del sudeste asiático, pertenece a la familia Zingiberaceae. Es una hierba amarga y astringente, con un olor característico y un fuerte color amarillo y cuyas raíces (rizomas) secas y maceradas se utilizan actualmente como colorante y condimento para carnes y vegetales. El principal compuesto bioactivo de la cúrcuma es la curcumina, que se encuentra cerca del dos al cinco por ciento de sus raíces y también es responsable por su coloración. Debido a sus propiedades bioactivas y de varias que aún se están probando, ese estudio tuvo como objetivo presentar las principales propiedades y usos de la cúrcuma. Históricamente, la cúrcuma es empleada en varias medicinas utilizadas por la medicina Ayurveda (sistema medicinal característico de la antigua India). Químicamente es un polvo insoluble en agua y éter etílico, pero soluble en etanol y acetona, es un diferoilmetano de fórmula C21H20O6 y peso molecular 368.4. Últimamente se están produciendo muchos trabajos que buscan comprender el funcionamiento metabólico de la curcumina y sus posibles actividades biológicas. Entre las propiedades ya estudiadas se encuentran las capacidades anticoagulante, antifúngica, antiinflamatoria, antipalúdica, antioxidante, antiviral, cicatrizante, esquistosomicida, hipolipidémica, leishmanicida, nematocida, tripanocida, neuroprotectora, antiamiloidogénica e inmunomoduladora. La curcumina tiene la ventaja de ser una molécula de fácil acceso, ya que se puede comprar como condimento doméstico en todo el mundo y tiene una variedad de aplicaciones, pero debido a su baja biodisponibilidad, baja solubilidad en agua y alta afinidad por las proteínas plasmáticas se hace necesario que nuevos estudios sean llevados a cabo para que ella pueda ser empleada efectivamente como planta bioactiva.(AU)