Cardiovascular indicators and mitral valve disease in dogs with spontaneous hypercortisolism - prospective evaluation

Background: Canine hypercortisolism (HC) is the most prevalent endocrinopathy in dogs in southern Brazil. The prognosis depends on several factors including the general health status, owners´ commitment, and the development of disease complications and comorbidities occurrence, such as cardiovascular complications including mitral valve disease (MVD), systemic arterial hypertension, and left ventricular hypertrophy. The main objective of the present study was to assess cardiovascular parameters in canine HC, based on investigating survival-related variables. The study also aimed to evaluate the influence of concurrent preclinical (MVD) on dogs` survival and the impact of HC on MVD progression. Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 25 dogs with spontaneous HC were enrolled and divided into 2 subgroups accordingly to their echocardiographic findings: group HC (normal echocardiography at first evaluation, n = 16); and group HC + MVD (concurrent presence of stages B1 and B2 MVD diagnosed at the first evaluation, n = 9). The patients were evaluated at diagnosis (T0); 6 months after treatment begging (T1); and after 12 months of treatment (T2). The owners were further contacted by phone or e-mail for 1 more year after T2 regarding survival information. A control group (CG, n = 20) was also evaluated at T0 and T1. At each evaluation, dogs were submitted to a complete clinical evaluation and physical exam, associated with a minimum database (CBC, serum biochemistry, and urine analysis) and cardiovascular evaluation composed of systolic blood pressure determination, electrocardiogram (ECG), and echodopplercardiography. In the HC group, 11/16 dogs underwent the evaluation at T2, while 4/9 dogs from the HC + MVD group and 17/20 dogs from the CG underwent the evaluation at T2. Five dogs (31.25%) from the HC group and 4 dogs (44.44%) from the HC + MVD group died before the end of the follow-up period. In the control group, only 1 dog (5.26%) died before the end of the study. Despite the higher mortality in the HC + MVD group during the follow-up period, there was no significant difference (P = 0.632) in survival when compared with the HC group. The MVD of 4 dogs included in the HC + MVD group was classified as stage B1, while the other 5 dogs were classified as stage B2. Only 1 dog from the CG developed stage B1 MVD in the period studied; however, progression of the MVD stage was documented in 1/4 of dogs in the HC + MVD group and MVD development was documented in 3/11 of dogs from the HC group from T0 to T2. The odds ratio (OR) and respective 95% confidence interval (95%CI) for HC as a risk factor for MVD progression were 4.267 (0.4268 - 42.65; P = 0.342). Exercise intolerance (12/16 dogs) and dyspnea (6/16 dogs) were the cardiorespiratory clinical signs with the highest incidence in the HC group at T0. When compared to the control group, both exercise intolerance (P < 0.001) and dyspnea (P = 0.03) occurrence were significantly higher in the HC group. The age (P = 0.001) and the occurrence of dyspnea (P = 0.036) at diagnosis were significantly higher in dogs with HC that died during the follow-up than those that remained alive. Regarding the occurrence of cardiac arrhythmias verified by ECG, no statistically significant differences were observed among groups. Discussion: The study suggests that systemic hypertension and altered echocardiographic measurements did not interfere with dogs' survival; however, dyspnea was associated with a worse prognosis. Finally, it is possible to conclude that mitral valve degeneration is a common comorbidity in dogs with HC, however, it was not evidenced their interference in the survival of dogs with this endocrine disease or even a role of the HC in the progression of the MVD.

Hyperadrenocorticism in a crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) kept under human care / Hiperadrenocorticismo em cachorro-do-mato (Cerdocyon thous) mantido sob cuidados humanos

Hyperadrenocorticism is a relatively common endocrine disease affecting the adrenal glands of domestic dogs. However, there are few reports of this disease in wild canids. A crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) kept under human care was diagnosed with the disease after detection of conformational abnormalities in the adrenal glands visualized by ultrasonography, a cortisol suppression test after low-dose dexamethasone, and the detection of proteinuria and bacteria in urinalysis. After the diagnosis, the patient was treated with trilostane with a satisfactory clinical response. This report aims to report the sonographic and laboratory findings of hyperadrenocorticism and its treatment in a specimen of the species.

O hiperadrenocorticismo é uma doença endócrina que acomete as glândulas adrenais relativamente comum em cães domésticos. Porém, em canídeos selvagens, poucos são os relatos descritos dessa enfermidade. Um exemplar de cachorro-do-mato (Cerdocyon thous), mantido sob cuidados humanos, foi diagnosticado com a doença após detecção de anormalidades conformacionais em glândulas adrenais visibilizadas via ultrassonografia, teste de supressão de cortisol após uso de baixa dose de dexametasona, além de detecção de proteinúria e bactérias em urinálise. Após o diagnóstico, instituiu-se tratamento medicamentoso a base de trilostano com resposta clínica satisfatória. Este relato objetiva reportar os achados ultrassonográficos e laboratoriais de hiperadrenocosticismo e seu tratamento em um exemplar da espécie.

Laparocistotomia para correção de urolitíase vesical em equino: relato de cirurgia a campo / Laparocystotomy for correction of vesical urolithiasis in equine: field surgery report

A urolitíase é uma condição rara, mas considerada de emergência na rotina de equinos. Este trabalho relata um caso de correção de urolitíase vesical em equino pela técnica cirúrgica de laparocistotomia parainguinal a campo. Para isso, foi realizado atendimento de um equino macho, sem raça definida, com histórico de disúria e hematúria exacerbada após exercício. Após realização de exame clínico, a suspeita diagnóstica de urolitíase vesical foi confirmada por meio de ultrassonografia transretal, sendo indicado o tratamento cirúrgico. Diante da impossibilidade de realização do procedimento em centro cirúrgico, optou-se por operá-lo em condições a campo. Para o acesso à cavidade abdominal, optou-se pela laparotomia parainguinal. A bexiga foi localizada e esvaziada por punção. Procedeu-se cistotomia para remoção do urólito, seguida da lavagem da bexiga com solução fisiológica para remoção de possíveis detritos. A cistorrafia foi realizada em dois planos de sutura do tipo Schmieden-Cushing, com fio absorvível sintético, seguida pela laparorrafia. O pós-operatório consistiu em curativos diários da ferida cirúrgica, duchas e administração de antimicrobiano e anti-inflamatório. Conclui-se que o exame ultrassonográfico foi fundamental para o correto diagnóstico e que a escolha da técnica cirúrgica de laparocistotomia parainguinal realizada a campo oferece resultados satisfatórios para o tratamento de equino com urolitíase vesical.

Urolithiasis is a rare condition, but it is considered an emergency in the equine routine. The present work reports a correction case of vesical urolithiasis in equines by the surgical technique of parainguinal laparocystotomy in the field. A male horse, of mixed breed, with a history of dysuria and exacerbated hematuria after exercise was treated. After performing the clinical examination, the diagnostic suspicion of bladder urolithiasis was confirmed through transrectal ultrasonography and the surgical treatment was indicated. Given the impossibility of performing the procedure in the operating room, it was decided to operate the animal in field conditions. For access to the abdominal cavity, parainguinal laparotomy was chosen. The bladder was located and emptied by puncture. A cystotomy was performed to remove the urolith, followed by washing the bladder with saline solution to remove possible debris. The cistorrhaphy was performed in two planes of Schmieden-Cushing suture, with synthetic absorbable suture, followed by laparorrhaphy. The postoperative period consisted of daily dressings of the surgical wound, showers, and administration of antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory. It is concluded that the ultrasound examination was essential for the correct diagnosis and that the choice of the surgical technique of parainguinal laparocystotomy performed in the field offers satisfactory results for the treatment of horses with bladder urolithiasis.

Chronic expanding hematoma secondary to excision of recurrent myxomas in a bitch

Background: Expanding chronic hematoma is a relatively common postoperative complication in humans, not in dogs, nevertheless, is important understand this condition because it may affect the animal's health. A hematoma could be formed within hours and usually stabilizes spontaneously with the reabsorption of its content. However, occasionally the hematoma slowly expands, becomes encapsulated and forms a mass, causing a chronic expanding hematoma. Possibly skin and adipose tissue are displaced secondary to trauma, causing the formation of blood-filled cysts surrounded by a fibrous capsule. The aim of this document is to present the first report of a postsurgical chronic expanding hematoma in dog. Case: A case of chronic expanding hematoma secondary to excision of recurrent myxoma in a bitch was described. Physical examination showed a hard, firm, non-mobile mass enclosed within the deep muscular layers. This mass was between the sternum and the cranial abdomen, similar to previous lesions excised by another veterinarian. Fine needle aspiration indicated the presence of blood. Radiology demonstrated that the bone-cartilage tissue was not involved. Due to the size of the mass, a skin stretching pre-suturing technique using self-adhesive tape was applied around the mass 48 h before surgery. The mass was removed with wide excision margins and portions of the affected muscles, but a large wound with great tension was created; consequently, a parallel to the wound incision and the thoraco-lumbar vertebrae was made. Six months after surgery, the animal presented recurrence of the same lesion, which was also removed. The bleeding times were within the normal range, but the animal was diagnosed with hyperadrenocorticism. After both surgeries histopathological exam revealed a hematoma, that had thrombosis and granulation tissue with fibrosis and severe panniculitis, in addition of multifocal, chronic, moderate lymphohistiocytic myositis; all these changes were compatible with a chronic expanding hematoma. Discussion: Chronic expanding hematoma is a mass that grows slowly secondary to hemorrhage and does not exhibit elements of malignancy. However, it can occasionally be confused for a soft-tissue neoplasm. It has been reported frequently in humans but not in small animals. The first case was reported in 2002: 5 puppies with a cervical hematoma classified as a chronic expanding hematoma was described. In addition, 3 cases were reported: 1 cat with perirenal chronic expanding hematoma; 1 bitch with intra-abdominal presentation, and 1 cat with this pathology on the right pelvic limb after an intramuscular injection. The etiology of chronic expansive hematoma is unidentified in dogs, nevertheless, it is stipulated that is not an inflammatory process as previously assumed, but rather a neoplastic process. As in other cases, it was difficult to determine the origin of the chronic expanding hematoma. The coagulation times and platelets count were within ranges. Similarly, it is very complicated to relate hyperadrenocorticism with chronic expanding hematoma because dogs with Cushing's disease generally present hypercoagulopathies. Myxomas are associated with endocrinopathies in humans and dogs, therefore, hyperadrenocorticism is possibly related with this neoplasia. Myxomas have an expansive growth pattern, contrasting with myxosarcomas, which are infiltrating; Although in the present case the skin mass appeared to be invasive, both macroscopical and histopathological appearance of it corresponded to a well-shaped capsule compatible with chronic expanding hematoma. In summary, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a post-surgical chronic expanding hematoma in a dog.

Bilateral testicular tumors in a non-cryptorchid dog: coexistence of Sertoli cell and interstitial endocrine cell tumors

Background: Testicular neoplasms in dogs are more frequent than in other animal species, representing the most common tumors in elderly subjects after skin neoplasms. In cryptorchid subjects, the risk of neoplastic degeneration is high. The cytological examination is essential to differentiate the type of neoplasia and to determinate the best diagnostic approach. Aim of this report was to describe clinical and histopathological features of a dog with coexistence of Sertoli cell and interstitial endocrine cell tumors in a non-cryptorchid dog. Case: A 9-year-old non-neutered male dog, German Spitz breed, was presented to the veterinary clinic. On clinical examination, the dog had a body condition (BCS 6/9), pink mucous membranes, capillary refill time (CRT) < 2 sec, lymph nodes of normal size, afebrile, normal heart and respiratory rate. The abdomen was depressible to palpation, without pain, the skin appeared hyperpigmented, with generalized presence of comedones, pendular foreskin and absence of hair at the abdominal level, in the ventral portion of the trunk and neck, scant hair also at the level of the inner thighs and in perianal. At ultrasounds examinations, the right testicle presented a hypoechoic circular focal lesion, in the caudal pole, of 0.7 cm in diameter, well defined, echogenicity and a remnant of normal echostructure, smooth and regular margins; the left testicle showed an increase in size, irregular margins, with a heterogeneous echo structure, given by hypoechoic areas, referred to cysts, hemorrhagic or necrotic areas. The hemogram reported slightly microcytic and normochromic regenerative anemia. The leukogram showed monocytosis. The absence of the typical stress leukogram characterized by neutrophilia, lymphopenia and eosinopenia, and the reduction of ALP allows to rule out Cushing's disease. In order to rule out hypothyroidism due to the inhibitory effect of estrogens on the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) the concentration of total thyroxine was analyzed, reporting normal values excluding hypothyroidism. Blood oestradiol 17-ß (E2) concentration was increased, with a normal testosterone (T) concentration of 0.30 ng/mL. Given the suspicion of the presence of testicular tumors, castration was performed by the surgical excision of both gonads, after ruling out the presence of abdominal or pulmonary metastases by chest and abdominal radiography. Discussion: The clinical, histopathological findings supported the diagnosis of testicular tumors. According to the pathological report, both gonads presented parenchymal nodular neoplastic nodular areas referring to the Sertoli sustentacular cells in the right testicle, to the proliferation of Leydig interstitial cells in the left one. The nodule in the left testicle was unencapsulated and showed a solid-diffuse pattern. Neoplastic cells were irregular polygonal, medium to large in size with moderate nucleus/cytoplasm ratio and moderate anisocytosis. In the right testicle, the nodule was heterogeneous in consistency and a diffuse pattern was present. Neoplastic cells were polygonal morphology, had a moderate nucleus/cytoplasm ratio and were organized tubules lined and obliterated the extensive cell growth. Bilateral orchiectomy allowed to improve the clinical signs, and 3 months after surgery, the animal was in good health, with evident improvement skin lesions. The E2 analysis was repeated, detecting normal values, demonstrating that testicular neoplasm in this patient were involved in E2 production; also T concentration decreased considerably from 0.30 to < 0.07 values.

Conduta diagnóstica em equino da raça Crioula com síndrome de Cushing / Diagnostic process in a crioulo horse with Cushing’s syndrome

Background: Equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction, also known as equine Cushing’s syndrome, is a neurodegenerative disease. An important risk factor for Cushing’s is advanced aging and it is the most common endocrine disorder inolder horses. The prevalence in horses aged over 10 and 15 years is reported as 9.3% and 21%, respectively. Due to the slowprogressive nature of the disease, seasonal variation in hormone output and overlapping endocrine response to other events,accurate diagnosis is challenging. The diagnosis requires the combination of anamnesis, clinical signs, in addition to laboratory tests results. This study aimed to report Cushing’s syndrome in a Crioulo breed horse focusing on diagnostic methods.Case: A 13-year-old male Crioulo breed, orchiectomized, was attended at the Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), in PassoFundo, RS, Brazil. The owner reported that the animal had progressive weight loss and coat abnormal growth, with curlyappearance. From visual inspection, body condition score was 4 (1-9) bulging abdomen was noticed, hirsutism, depressionand lethargy. Also, there was a large neoplastic mass on the left side of gluteal region. Later, this mass was classified inhistopathological examination as a fibroblastic sarcoid and was treated. The animal presented physical parameters withinthe physiological limits of the specie. Normochromic normocytic anemia and neutrophilic leukocytosis were reported in thehematologic evaluation. In coproparasitological examination, there were 300 eggs per gram of feaces. Hyperadrenocorticismwas suspected in the clinical examination and dexamethasone suppression test was performed to confirm the fact. Basal serumwas collected at 17 h (M0) and subsequently 40 µg/kg of dexamethasone was administered intramuscular...

Conduta diagnóstica em equino da raça Crioula com síndrome de Cushing / Diagnostic process in a crioulo horse with Cushings syndrome

Background: Equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction, also known as equine Cushings syndrome, is a neurodegenerative disease. An important risk factor for Cushings is advanced aging and it is the most common endocrine disorder inolder horses. The prevalence in horses aged over 10 and 15 years is reported as 9.3% and 21%, respectively. Due to the slowprogressive nature of the disease, seasonal variation in hormone output and overlapping endocrine response to other events,accurate diagnosis is challenging. The diagnosis requires the combination of anamnesis, clinical signs, in addition to laboratory tests results. This study aimed to report Cushings syndrome in a Crioulo breed horse focusing on diagnostic methods.Case: A 13-year-old male Crioulo breed, orchiectomized, was attended at the Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), in PassoFundo, RS, Brazil. The owner reported that the animal had progressive weight loss and coat abnormal growth, with curlyappearance. From visual inspection, body condition score was 4 (1-9) bulging abdomen was noticed, hirsutism, depressionand lethargy. Also, there was a large neoplastic mass on the left side of gluteal region. Later, this mass was classified inhistopathological examination as a fibroblastic sarcoid and was treated. The animal presented physical parameters withinthe physiological limits of the specie. Normochromic normocytic anemia and neutrophilic leukocytosis were reported in thehematologic evaluation. In coproparasitological examination, there were 300 eggs per gram of feaces. Hyperadrenocorticismwas suspected in the clinical examination and dexamethasone suppression test was performed to confirm the fact. Basal serumwas collected at 17 h (M0) and subsequently 40 µg/kg of dexamethasone was administered intramuscular...(AU)

Eosinophilic cystitis, a rare cause of persistent haematuria in a diabetic dog / Cistite eosinofílica, uma causa rara de hematúria persistente em um cão diabético

Eosinophilic cystitis is a rare inflammatory disorder characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of entire layers of the bladder wall. The condition has been described in adults, children, and dogs. However, there are no consensus guidelines for the treatment of eosinophilic cystitis. Although human and veterinary literature reviews show some effectiveness in management with corticosteroids, antihistamines, and antibiotics, a variety of serious and frequent side effects are associated with steroid therapy. As a result, steroids are relatively contraindicated for patients with diabetes mellitus and Cushing's syndrome. A five-year-old neutered male chow-chow with controlled diabetes was referred with an 18-month history of malodorous urine, gross haematuria, and dysuria that were nonresponsive to antibiotics. The findings on general examination were unremarkable except for abdominal suprapubic discomfort. The complete blood count and biochemical profile (such as urea and creatinine) were normal except for mild peripheral eosinophilia. Although ultrasonography, bladder contrast radiography, and urine cytology findings indicated malignancy, with the presence of atypical urothelial cells, histopathology confirmed eosinophilic cystitis. Management with cyclosporine was adequate with complete remission of haematuria. This case report presents the first reported successful use of cyclosporine for the treatment of eosinophilic cystitis in a dog with diabetes.(AU)

A cistite eosinofílica é uma doença inflamatória rara caracterizada por infiltração eosinofílica de todas as camadas da parede da bexiga. Essa enfermidade já foi descrita em adultos, crianças e cães. No entanto, não há um consenso de diretrizes sobre o seu tratamento. Mesmo que as literaturas humana e veterinária mostrem alguma eficácia no manejo com corticosteroides, anti-histamínicos e antibióticos, uma variedade de efeitos colaterais graves e frequentes está associada à terapia com esteroides. Dessa forma, o uso de esteroides é relativamente contraindicado para pacientes com diabetes mellitus e síndrome de Cushing, por exemplo. Um chow-chow, macho, castrado, de cinco anos e diabético estável foi encaminhado para atendimento com histórico de urina fétida, hematúria macroscópica e disúria não responsiva a antibióticos há 18 meses. A avaliação dos parâmetros físicos estava dentro dos padrões, exceto por desconforto abdominal suprapúbico à palpação. O hemograma e o perfil bioquímico (como a ureia e a creatinina) estavam dentro da normalidade para a espécie, exceto por eosinofilia periférica leve. Embora a ultrassonografia, a radiografia contrastada da bexiga e os achados da urinálise indicassem malignidade, com a presença de células uroteliais atípicas, a histopatologia confirmou o diagnóstico definitivo de cistite eosinofílica. O manejo com ciclosporina foi satisfatório, com ausência completa da hematúria. Este relato de caso apresenta o primeiro uso documentado de ciclosporina para o tratamento de cistite eosinofílica com sucesso em um cão com diabetes.(AU)

Eosinophilic cystitis, a rare cause of persistent haematuria in a diabetic dog / Cistite eosinofílica, uma causa rara de hematúria persistente em um cão diabético

Eosinophilic cystitis is a rare inflammatory disorder characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of entire layers of the bladder wall. The condition has been described in adults, children, and dogs. However, there are no consensus guidelines for the treatment of eosinophilic cystitis. Although human and veterinary literature reviews show some effectiveness in management with corticosteroids, antihistamines, and antibiotics, a variety of serious and frequent side effects are associated with steroid therapy. As a result, steroids are relatively contraindicated for patients with diabetes mellitus and Cushing's syndrome. A five-year-old neutered male chow-chow with controlled diabetes was referred with an 18-month history of malodorous urine, gross haematuria, and dysuria that were nonresponsive to antibiotics. The findings on general examination were unremarkable except for abdominal suprapubic discomfort. The complete blood count and biochemical profile (such as urea and creatinine) were normal except for mild peripheral eosinophilia. Although ultrasonography, bladder contrast radiography, and urine cytology findings indicated malignancy, with the presence of atypical urothelial cells, histopathology confirmed eosinophilic cystitis. Management with cyclosporine was adequate with complete remission of haematuria. This case report presents the first reported successful use of cyclosporine for the treatment of eosinophilic cystitis in a dog with diabetes.(AU)

A cistite eosinofílica é uma doença inflamatória rara caracterizada por infiltração eosinofílica de todas as camadas da parede da bexiga. Essa enfermidade já foi descrita em adultos, crianças e cães. No entanto, não há um consenso de diretrizes sobre o seu tratamento. Mesmo que as literaturas humana e veterinária mostrem alguma eficácia no manejo com corticosteroides, anti-histamínicos e antibióticos, uma variedade de efeitos colaterais graves e frequentes está associada à terapia com esteroides. Dessa forma, o uso de esteroides é relativamente contraindicado para pacientes com diabetes mellitus e síndrome de Cushing, por exemplo. Um chow-chow, macho, castrado, de cinco anos e diabético estável foi encaminhado para atendimento com histórico de urina fétida, hematúria macroscópica e disúria não responsiva a antibióticos há 18 meses. A avaliação dos parâmetros físicos estava dentro dos padrões, exceto por desconforto abdominal suprapúbico à palpação. O hemograma e o perfil bioquímico (como a ureia e a creatinina) estavam dentro da normalidade para a espécie, exceto por eosinofilia periférica leve. Embora a ultrassonografia, a radiografia contrastada da bexiga e os achados da urinálise indicassem malignidade, com a presença de células uroteliais atípicas, a histopatologia confirmou o diagnóstico definitivo de cistite eosinofílica. O manejo com ciclosporina foi satisfatório, com ausência completa da hematúria. Este relato de caso apresenta o primeiro uso documentado de ciclosporina para o tratamento de cistite eosinofílica com sucesso em um cão com diabetes.(AU)

Incisional hernia in a dog

Background: The rupture of the suture in the abdominal wall, but with integrity of the cutaneous suture, results in a condition known as incisional hernia. It is characterized by the protrusion of the abdominal viscera through orifices or areas ofthe abdominal wall. In most of the cases these defects in the abdominal wall are iatrogenic. The incisional hernia occursin an intact wall that is weakened by surgical incisions. The available literature on the incidence of incisional herniasin animals is scarce. With the aim to contribute to the information about incisional hernia in animals, it was decided todescribe the case of incisional hernia in a female dog after performing ovariohysterectomy (OH).Case: An adult mongrel shelter bitch, of unknown age, weighing 9.5 kg was admitted for OH in a practical class of theveterinary surgical technical discipline. Once the anesthetic condition was established, a retro-umbilical cutaneous incisionwas made. After opening the abdominal cavity, the bitch was castrated routinely. The abdominal wall was sutured including peritoneum, muscle fascia, and rectus abdominis muscle with nylon thread and U-stitches. The subcutaneous tissuewas then sutured with the same thread using Cushing suture. Ten days after the surgery, when the stitches were removed,the bitch revealed an increase in volume at the region of the surgical scar. Incisional hernia was diagnosed after carefulpalpation. For correction of the hernia, the bitch was submitted to surgical procedure. After the skin opening, an intenseinflammatory reaction was observed in the subcutaneous tissue. The inflamed skin and subcutaneous tissue were removed.The abdominal cavity was closed with nylon thread by means of U-stitches. The subcutaneous and skin...

Incisional hernia in a dog

Background: The rupture of the suture in the abdominal wall, but with integrity of the cutaneous suture, results in a condition known as incisional hernia. It is characterized by the protrusion of the abdominal viscera through orifices or areas ofthe abdominal wall. In most of the cases these defects in the abdominal wall are iatrogenic. The incisional hernia occursin an intact wall that is weakened by surgical incisions. The available literature on the incidence of incisional herniasin animals is scarce. With the aim to contribute to the information about incisional hernia in animals, it was decided todescribe the case of incisional hernia in a female dog after performing ovariohysterectomy (OH).Case: An adult mongrel shelter bitch, of unknown age, weighing 9.5 kg was admitted for OH in a practical class of theveterinary surgical technical discipline. Once the anesthetic condition was established, a retro-umbilical cutaneous incisionwas made. After opening the abdominal cavity, the bitch was castrated routinely. The abdominal wall was sutured including peritoneum, muscle fascia, and rectus abdominis muscle with nylon thread and U-stitches. The subcutaneous tissuewas then sutured with the same thread using Cushing suture. Ten days after the surgery, when the stitches were removed,the bitch revealed an increase in volume at the region of the surgical scar. Incisional hernia was diagnosed after carefulpalpation. For correction of the hernia, the bitch was submitted to surgical procedure. After the skin opening, an intenseinflammatory reaction was observed in the subcutaneous tissue. The inflamed skin and subcutaneous tissue were removed.The abdominal cavity was closed with nylon thread by means of U-stitches. The subcutaneous and skin...(AU)

The use of a locking plate for the treatment of femoral diaphyseal fracture in giant anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla)

Background: The giant anteater is considered a species vulnerable to trauma due to being slow and, therefore, vulnerable to long bone fractures, such as femoral fracture. Locking plates have the potential to restore and maintain fractured bone stability, as well as reduce damage to the vascular supply. This study aims at reporting cases of two giant anteaters subjected to femoral osteosynthesis using locking plates. Cases: Two giant anteaters presenting non-weight bearing lameness on the right pelvic limbs were evaluated, diagnosed with femoral fracture of unknown etiology and submitted to osteosynthesis. A clinical evaluation was performed under chemical restraint for the adult animal and physical restraint for the young one. Crepitation and swelling in the right femur topography led to a radiographic examination, which showed a complete and transverse diaphyseal fracture of the right femur in both cases. The first one was an adult male and was subjected to osteosynthesis of the right femur using a locking plate. Once anesthetized, the animal was placed in left lateral recumbency, and the right pelvic limb was clipped and sterilized. A craniolateral incision was made to expose the femoral diaphysis. A large amount of fibrous-looking tissue was found and removed. Subsequently, the fracture was reduced and the locking plate system was positioned on the craniolateral side of the femur. An osteotomy of the femoral trochanteric crest was required to position the implant. The overlying fascia lata was closed using monofilament suture in a simple continuous pattern. The closure of the subcutaneous tissue and skin was performed using a Cushing pattern and simple interrupted pattern, respectively. Immediate postoperative radiographic examinations showed fracture reduction and bone axis alignment, with a properly positioned implant. The surgical wound was cleaned daily with 0.5% aqueous chlorhexidine solution. Seven days after surgery, the animal had a partial dehiscence at the suture site, with bone and plate exposure. Wound healing by second intention was initiated. At 127 days after surgery, a radiographic examination showed periosteal bone proliferation in the middle third of the right femur and that the bone implants were well-positioned. The second case was of a young 3.68 kg female anteater. The surgery was performed as described for the adult one, but there was no fibrosis at the fracture site and the osteotomy of the femoral trochanteric crest was not required. Closure of the fascia lata, subcutaneous tissue, and skin was performed as in Case 1. An immediate postoperative radiographic examination showed fracture reduction, bone axis alignment, and a properly positioned implant. The surgical wound was cleaned daily with 0.5% aqueous chlorhexidine solution. On the day of the surgery, the animal could already bear weight on its right pelvic limb, presenting discrete lameness with gradual improvement. Twenty-three days after surgery, a radiographic examination showed moderate periosteal bone proliferation in the middle third of the right femur. The bone implant was still well-positioned and bone healing was achieved around the 40th post-operative day. Discussion: The cases are very similar, but the younger anteater's femoral trochanteric crest didn't prevent positioning the plate. The fibrosis observed on the adult specimen is indicative of a chronic fracture, which may explain, in conjunction with the post-surgical complications, the longer time required for bone healing in the adult animal. Even so, both animals recovered fully and it's safe to deduce that the locking plate is an adequate option for internal fixation in transverse diaphyseal femoral fractures in both adult and young giant anteaters.(AU)

Central blindness associated with a pituitary adenoma in a mare / Cegueira de origem central associado a adenoma de pars intermedia de hipófise em uma égua

Background: Pituitary pars intermedia (PI) adenoma is a benign adenohypophysis neoplasm, rare in Brazil, which maycompress adjacent structures and lead to dysfunctions of the endocrine organs. The most affected species are equines,particularly aged animals. This neoplastic disease is often associated with Cushing’s syndrome, when the pituitaryadrenocortical axis is affected. However, this neoplasm is seldom associated with clinical blindness. This paper describesa case of pituitary pars intermedia (PI) adenoma which caused blindness in a mare.Case: An emaciated, blind mare that had difficulty finding water and food was referred to “Hospital Veterinário de GrandesAnimais” of “Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro”, in Seropédica, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and later tothe “Setor de Anatomia Patológica” (SAP/UFRRJ) for necropsy. During necropsy it was found that the animal’s pituitarygland consisted of a circumscribed globous mass measuring 3.5x2.5x2.5 cm, symmetrical and well delimited at the sellaturcica. Several organs were collected, fixed in 10% formalin and then processed for histological examination. The brainwas subjected to serial cleavage along the path of the vision organs. All collected tissues were stained with hematoxylinand eosin; the pituitary was stained with Schiff Periodic Acid (PAS) to differentiate neoplastic cells and with Luxol FastBlue to evidence demyelination. Histopathology found that the pars intermedia (PI) was thickened and compressed theneurohypophysis and adenohypophysis. Cells were arranged in a disorganized manner or formed follicles or cysts containing eosinophilic material (colloid), with granules strongly positive after staining with PAS. Proliferated cells werelarge, polyhedral to ovoid, and contained clear basophilic granular material. The nuclei were spherical to ovoid and therewere mild anisocytosis and anisocariasis. Cysts were frequently found in the pars intermedia (PI)...

Disfunção da Pars Intermédia da Pituitária (PPID) em equinos – em ascensão mas ainda pouco conhecida

A disfunção da pars intermédia da pituitária (ppid), também conhecida como Síndrome de Cushing, é uma doença degenerativa dos neurônios dopaminérgicos afetando a pars intermédia da glândula pituitária ou hipófise e está relacionada à idade em equinos. Um em cada quatro equinos a partir de 10 anos são diagnosticados nos eua e Austrália. Os sintomas da doença são hirsutismo, laminite, perda de musculatura epaxial, infecções recorrentes, feridas de difícil cicatrização e ocorrem devido ao aumento da produção de peptídeos derivados do pró-opiomelanocortina (pomc), como o adrenocorticotrófico (acth). Muitos pacientes vem a óbito devido ao diagnóstico tardio, cronicidade da doença e ineficiência do tratamento em casos avançados. Por isso o alerta para que o diagnóstico e tratamento sejam precoces e efetivos.

Disfunção da Pars Intermédia da Pituitária (PPID) em equinos em ascensão mas ainda pouco conhecida

A disfunção da pars intermédia da pituitária (ppid), também conhecida como Síndrome de Cushing, é uma doença degenerativa dos neurônios dopaminérgicos afetando a pars intermédia da glândula pituitária ou hipófise e está relacionada à idade em equinos. Um em cada quatro equinos a partir de 10 anos são diagnosticados nos eua e Austrália. Os sintomas da doença são hirsutismo, laminite, perda de musculatura epaxial, infecções recorrentes, feridas de difícil cicatrização e ocorrem devido ao aumento da produção de peptídeos derivados do pró-opiomelanocortina (pomc), como o adrenocorticotrófico (acth). Muitos pacientes vem a óbito devido ao diagnóstico tardio, cronicidade da doença e ineficiência do tratamento em casos avançados. Por isso o alerta para que o diagnóstico e tratamento sejam precoces e efetivos.(AU)

Epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory aspects in a case series of canine hyperadrenocorticism: 115 cases (2010-2014) / Aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e laboratoriais em uma série de cães com hiperadrenocorticismo: 115 casos (2010-2014)

Diseases' clinical-epidemiological characterization assists in directing the diagnosis. The objective of this study was to describe epidemiological, clinical and laboratorial aspects of a case series of canine hyperadrenocorticism (HAC). One-hundred fifteen records of dogs diagnosed by the low dose dexamethasone suppression test and/or ACTH stimulation test were evaluated. Of the cases, 81.3% were HAC ACTH-dependent and 18.7% HAC ACTH-independent. Females were more affected, representing 69.3% of the cases. The mean age was 10.3±2.5 years and 64.9% were gonadectomized. Most of the patients were small size dogs, weighting less than 10kg (73.9%). The most frequent breeds were: Poodle (27%), Dachshund (17.4%), and Yorkshire Terrier (10.4%). The most frequent clinical manifestations were polyphagia (86%), polydipsia (82.6%), polyuria (80%), abdominal enlargement (82.6%), thin skin (79.1%), muscular weakness (78.3%) and panting (74.8%). However, eventually unusual HAC-associated signs would be present in some dogs in a more important way compared with the classic disease´s clinical signs. The CBC showed neutrophilia (66%), eosinopenia (58.3%) and lymphopenia (42.6%) as main hematological abnormalities. The most common findings in serum biochemistry were increased alkaline phosphatase activity (81.74%), increased ALT activity (62.6%), hypercholesterolemia (66%) and hypertriglyceridemia (54.7%). Urinalysis revealed hyposthenuria in 14.9% and isostenuria in 13.5%; besides proteinuria in 50% of the cases. Abdominal ultrasound showed bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (92.2%) with adrenal asymmetry in 20.8% of the cases, in addition to hepatomegaly (80.9%), biliary sludge (67.8%) and hepatic hyperechogenicity (47.8%). It was concluded that small size gonadectomized female dogs, mainly Poodles and Dachshunds, presented higher frequency in the population studied, and that the main changes observed in clinical and complementary tests were polyphagia, polyuria, polydipsia, abdominal enlargement, adrenal hyperplasia, increased phosphatase alkaline and hyperlipidemia. These results corroborated to a better disease characterization at Brazil. This work concluded that the population studied resembles the profile describe in European and North American epidemiologic studies, and that the HAC dog´s clinical picture looks similar worldwide.(AU)

A caracterização clínica-epidemiológica de doenças auxilia no direcionamento do diagnóstico. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e laboratoriais de uma série de casos de hiperadrenocorticismo (HAC) canino. Foram avaliados 115 prontuários de cães diagnosticados pelo teste de supressão por baixa dose de dexametasona e/ou teste de estimulação com ACTH. Os casos de HAC ACTH-dependentes representaram 81,3% da população, e 18,7% foram ACTH-independentes. As fêmeas foram mais acometidas, representando 69,3% dos casos. A média de idade foi 10,3 ± 2,5 anos e 64,9% eram gonadectomizados. A maioria dos cães foi de porte pequeno, de até 10 kg (73,9%). As raças mais frequentes foram Poodle (27%), Dachshund (17,4%) e Yorkshire (10,4%). As manifestações clínicas mais relatadas foram polifagia (86%), polidipsia (82,6%), poliúria (80%), abdome pendular (82,6%), atrofia cutânea (79,1%), fraqueza muscular (78,3%) e dispneia (74,8%). Entretanto, eventualmente sinais clínicos pouco associados ao HAC se manifestaram de forma mais importante que os sinais clássicos da doença. O hemograma revelou neutrofilia (66%), eosinopenia (58,3%) e linfopenia (42,6%) como principais alterações hematológicas. Na bioquímica sérica foi observado aumento de fosfatase alcalina (81,74% dos casos), aumento da atividade da ALT (62,6%), hipercolesterolemia (66%) e hipertrigliceridemia (54,7%). A urinálise revelou hipostenúria em 14,9% e isostenúria em 13,5%; além de proteinúria em 50% dos casos. A ecografia abdominal evidenciou hiperplasia bilateral de adrenal (92,2%) com assimetria de adrenais em 20,8% dos casos, além de hepatomegalia (80,9%), lama biliar (67,8%) e hiperecogenicidade hepática (47,8%). Concluiu-se que fêmeas castradas de pequeno porte, principalmente das raças Poodles e Dachshunds, apresentaram maior frequência na população estudada e que as principais alterações observadas clínicas e nos exames complementares foram polifagia, poliúria, polidipsia, aumento abdominal, hiperplasia da adrenal, aumento de fosfatase alcalina e hiperlipidemia. Estes resultados corroboram para melhor caracterização da doença no Brasil. Este estudo concluiu que a população estudada se assemelha ao perfil populacional de cães com HAC descrito em estudos Europeus e Norte Americanos de forma que o perfil dos casos ao redor do globo parece similar.(AU)

Epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory aspects in a case series of canine hyperadrenocorticism: 115 cases (2010-2014) / Aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e laboratoriais em uma série de cães com hiperadrenocorticismo: 115 casos (2010-2014)

Diseases' clinical-epidemiological characterization assists in directing the diagnosis. The objective of this study was to describe epidemiological, clinical and laboratorial aspects of a case series of canine hyperadrenocorticism (HAC). One-hundred fifteen records of dogs diagnosed by the low dose dexamethasone suppression test and/or ACTH stimulation test were evaluated. Of the cases, 81.3% were HAC ACTH-dependent and 18.7% HAC ACTH-independent. Females were more affected, representing 69.3% of the cases. The mean age was 10.3±2.5 years and 64.9% were gonadectomized. Most of the patients were small size dogs, weighting less than 10kg (73.9%). The most frequent breeds were: Poodle (27%), Dachshund (17.4%), and Yorkshire Terrier (10.4%). The most frequent clinical manifestations were polyphagia (86%), polydipsia (82.6%), polyuria (80%), abdominal enlargement (82.6%), thin skin (79.1%), muscular weakness (78.3%) and panting (74.8%). However, eventually unusual HAC-associated signs would be present in some dogs in a more important way compared with the classic disease´s clinical signs. The CBC showed neutrophilia (66%), eosinopenia (58.3%) and lymphopenia (42.6%) as main hematological abnormalities. The most common findings in serum biochemistry were increased alkaline phosphatase activity (81.74%), increased ALT activity (62.6%), hypercholesterolemia (66%) and hypertriglyceridemia (54.7%). Urinalysis revealed hyposthenuria in 14.9% and isostenuria in 13.5%; besides proteinuria in 50% of the cases. Abdominal ultrasound showed bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (92.2%) with adrenal asymmetry in 20.8% of the cases, in addition to hepatomegaly (80.9%), biliary sludge (67.8%) and hepatic hyperechogenicity (47.8%). It was concluded that small size gonadectomized female dogs, mainly Poodles and Dachshunds, presented higher frequency in the population studied, and that the main changes observed in clinical and complementary tests were polyphagia, polyuria, polydipsia, abdominal enlargement, adrenal hyperplasia, increased phosphatase alkaline and hyperlipidemia. These results corroborated to a better disease characterization at Brazil. This work concluded that the population studied resembles the profile describe in European and North American epidemiologic studies, and that the HAC dog´s clinical picture looks similar worldwide.(AU)

A caracterização clínica-epidemiológica de doenças auxilia no direcionamento do diagnóstico. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e laboratoriais de uma série de casos de hiperadrenocorticismo (HAC) canino. Foram avaliados 115 prontuários de cães diagnosticados pelo teste de supressão por baixa dose de dexametasona e/ou teste de estimulação com ACTH. Os casos de HAC ACTH-dependentes representaram 81,3% da população, e 18,7% foram ACTH-independentes. As fêmeas foram mais acometidas, representando 69,3% dos casos. A média de idade foi 10,3 ± 2,5 anos e 64,9% eram gonadectomizados. A maioria dos cães foi de porte pequeno, de até 10 kg (73,9%). As raças mais frequentes foram Poodle (27%), Dachshund (17,4%) e Yorkshire (10,4%). As manifestações clínicas mais relatadas foram polifagia (86%), polidipsia (82,6%), poliúria (80%), abdome pendular (82,6%), atrofia cutânea (79,1%), fraqueza muscular (78,3%) e dispneia (74,8%). Entretanto, eventualmente sinais clínicos pouco associados ao HAC se manifestaram de forma mais importante que os sinais clássicos da doença. O hemograma revelou neutrofilia (66%), eosinopenia (58,3%) e linfopenia (42,6%) como principais alterações hematológicas. Na bioquímica sérica foi observado aumento de fosfatase alcalina (81,74% dos casos), aumento da atividade da ALT (62,6%), hipercolesterolemia (66%) e hipertrigliceridemia (54,7%). A urinálise revelou hipostenúria em 14,9% e isostenúria em 13,5%; além de proteinúria em 50% dos casos. A ecografia abdominal evidenciou hiperplasia bilateral de adrenal (92,2%) com assimetria de adrenais em 20,8% dos casos, além de hepatomegalia (80,9%), lama biliar (67,8%) e hiperecogenicidade hepática (47,8%). Concluiu-se que fêmeas castradas de pequeno porte, principalmente das raças Poodles e Dachshunds, apresentaram maior frequência na população estudada e que as principais alterações observadas clínicas e nos exames complementares foram polifagia, poliúria, polidipsia, aumento abdominal, hiperplasia da adrenal, aumento de fosfatase alcalina e hiperlipidemia. Estes resultados corroboram para melhor caracterização da doença no Brasil. Este estudo concluiu que a população estudada se assemelha ao perfil populacional de cães com HAC descrito em estudos Europeus e Norte Americanos de forma que o perfil dos casos ao redor do globo parece similar.(AU)

Epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory aspects in a case series of canine hyperadrenocorticism: 115 cases (2010-2014)

ABSTRACT: Diseases clinical-epidemiological characterization assists in directing the diagnosis. The objective of this study was to describe epidemiological, clinical and laboratorial aspects of a case series of canine hyperadrenocorticism (HAC). One-hundred fifteen records of dogs diagnosed by the low dose dexamethasone suppression test and/or ACTH stimulation test were evaluated. Of the cases, 81.3% were HAC ACTH-dependent and 18.7% HAC ACTH-independent. Females were more affected, representing 69.3% of the cases. The mean age was 10.3±2.5 years and 64.9% were gonadectomized. Most of the patients were small size dogs, weighting less than 10kg (73.9%). The most frequent breeds were: Poodle (27%), Dachshund (17.4%), and Yorkshire Terrier (10.4%). The most frequent clinical manifestations were polyphagia (86%), polydipsia (82.6%), polyuria (80%), abdominal enlargement (82.6%), thin skin (79.1%), muscular weakness (78.3%) and panting (74.8%). However, eventually unusual HAC-associated signs would be present in some dogs in a more important way compared with the classic disease´s clinical signs. The CBC showed neutrophilia (66%), eosinopenia (58.3%) and lymphopenia (42.6%) as main hematological abnormalities. The most common findings in serum biochemistry were increased alkaline phosphatase activity (81.74%), increased ALT activity (62.6%), hypercholesterolemia (66%) and hypertriglyceridemia (54.7%). Urinalysis revealed hyposthenuria in 14.9% and isostenuria in 13.5%; besides proteinuria in 50% of the cases. Abdominal ultrasound showed bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (92.2%) with adrenal asymmetry in 20.8% of the cases, in addition to hepatomegaly (80.9%), biliary sludge (67.8%) and hepatic hyperechogenicity (47.8%). It was concluded that small size gonadectomized female dogs, mainly Poodles and Dachshunds, presented higher frequency in the population studied, and that the main changes observed in clinical and complementary tests were polyphagia, polyuria, polydipsia, abdominal enlargement, adrenal hyperplasia, increased phosphatase alkaline and hyperlipidemia. These results corroborated to a better disease characterization at Brazil. This work concluded that the population studied resembles the profile describe in European and North American epidemiologic studies, and that the HAC dog´s clinical picture looks similar worldwide.

RESUMO: A caracterização clínica-epidemiológica de doenças auxilia no direcionamento do diagnóstico. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e laboratoriais de uma série de casos de hiperadrenocorticismo (HAC) canino. Foram avaliados 115 prontuários de cães diagnosticados pelo teste de supressão por baixa dose de dexametasona e/ou teste de estimulação com ACTH. Os casos de HAC ACTH-dependentes representaram 81,3% da população, e 18,7% foram ACTH-independentes. As fêmeas foram mais acometidas, representando 69,3% dos casos. A média de idade foi 10,3 ± 2,5 anos e 64,9% eram gonadectomizados. A maioria dos cães foi de porte pequeno, de até 10 kg (73,9%). As raças mais frequentes foram Poodle (27%), Dachshund (17,4%) e Yorkshire (10,4%). As manifestações clínicas mais relatadas foram polifagia (86%), polidipsia (82,6%), poliúria (80%), abdome pendular (82,6%), atrofia cutânea (79,1%), fraqueza muscular (78,3%) e dispneia (74,8%). Entretanto, eventualmente sinais clínicos pouco associados ao HAC se manifestaram de forma mais importante que os sinais clássicos da doença. O hemograma revelou neutrofilia (66%), eosinopenia (58,3%) e linfopenia (42,6%) como principais alterações hematológicas. Na bioquímica sérica foi observado aumento de fosfatase alcalina (81,74% dos casos), aumento da atividade da ALT (62,6%), hipercolesterolemia (66%) e hipertrigliceridemia (54,7%). A urinálise revelou hipostenúria em 14,9% e isostenúria em 13,5%; além de proteinúria em 50% dos casos. A ecografia abdominal evidenciou hiperplasia bilateral de adrenal (92,2%) com assimetria de adrenais em 20,8% dos casos, além de hepatomegalia (80,9%), lama biliar (67,8%) e hiperecogenicidade hepática (47,8%). Concluiu-se que fêmeas castradas de pequeno porte, principalmente das raças Poodles e Dachshunds, apresentaram maior frequência na população estudada e que as principais alterações observadas clínicas e nos exames complementares foram polifagia, poliúria, polidipsia, aumento abdominal, hiperplasia da adrenal, aumento de fosfatase alcalina e hiperlipidemia. Estes resultados corroboram para melhor caracterização da doença no Brasil. Este estudo concluiu que a população estudada se assemelha ao perfil populacional de cães com HAC descrito em estudos Europeus e Norte Americanos de forma que o perfil dos casos ao redor do globo parece similar.

Granulosa cell tumor associated with occult hyperadrenocorticism in a yorkshire terrier bitch

Background: Hyperadrenocorticism (HAC), is considered a set of symptoms due to excessive exposure to cortisol. Naturally occurring HAC is most often related to pituitary tumors (pituitary-dependent HAC - PDH). Occult HAC, is referred as a clinical picture highly consistent with HAC; however, routine screening tests are negative. In addition, one or more steroids are elevated following administration of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH). Ovarian granulosa cell tumors, can produce steroids leading to paraneoplastic syndromes. The objective of this study was to report an unpublished case of ovarian granulosa cell tumor associated with occult hyperadrenocorticism in a Yorkshire Terrier.Case: A 13-year-old intact female dog, Yorkshire Terrier, was brought for consultation with slight weight loss, polyuria, polydipsia, irregular estrous cycles, increased abdominal volume and thin coat. On physical examination the animal was gasping and presented severe periodontal disease, bulging abdomen, alopecia and skin hyperpigmentation. Complete blood count presented no changes; however, serum biochemistry evaluation highlighted hyperalbuminemia, hypertriglyceridemia, alkaline phosphatase increased activity, and urinary specific gravity and creatinine below reference values. On abdominal ultrasonography left adrenal gland measured 2.08 cm x 1.08 cm and the right adrenal gland measured 2.11 cm x 0.84 cm, indicating bilateral adrenomegaly compatible with PDH. In the hypogastric abdomen, a large heterogeneous hypoechogenic mass was also observed, with areas of cystic cavities, measuring 5.80 cm x 7.30 cm. A low dose dexamethasone suppression test (LDDST) was performed, due to PDH suspicion. The test did not confirm HAC, suspecting, then, to be a case of occult/atypical HAC. Due to the strong clinical suspicion, and owner financial problems for further investigated occult HAC, trilostane treatment was initiated.[...]

Myolipoma associated with hyperadrenocorticism and diabetes mellitus in a female poodle / Miolipoma associado a hiperadrenocorticismo e diabetes mellitus em uma poodle fêmea

This report provides an unpublished account of an intra-abdominal myolipoma in a 11-year-old female Poodle with hyperadrenocorticism and diabetes mellitus. The patient was well controlled for both endocrine diseases; however, was suffering for severe abdominal discomfort. Ultrasound scan revealed a huge abdominal mass. At necropsy a pinkish mass (35cm x 28cm x 12cm) of elastic consistency attached to the broad ligament of the left uterine horn was reported. Histologically, this mass was constituted of a mixed population of well-differentiated adipocytes and of spindle-shaped mesenchymal cells. Both tumor cells were positive for vimentin at immunohistochemistry, while the spindle-shaped cells were positive for desmin and actin, compatible with smooth muscle cells. Immunohistochemistry was crucial for myolipoma characterization.(AU)

Este relato apresenta um caso inédito de miolipoma intra-abdominal em um poodle fêmea de 11 anos de idade com hiperadrenocorticismo e diabetes mellitus concomitante. A paciente apresentava um bom controle das doenças endócrinas, porém, grande desconforto abdominal. Ao ultrassom abdominal evidenciou-se uma massa de grandes proporções. Na necropsia uma massa rosácea (35cm x 28cm x 12cm) de consistência elástica unida ao ligamento largo do corno uterino esquerdo foi identificada. Histologicamente esta massa era constituída de uma população mista de adipócitos bem diferenciados e células fusiformes mesenquimais. Ambos tipos celulares foram positivos para vimentina na imuno-histoquímica, enquanto as células fusiformes foram positivas também para desmina e actina, compatível com músculo liso. A imuno-histoquímica foi crucial para o diagnóstico do miolipoma.(AU)