Resumo
Cnesterodon hypselurus is a small fish that has a restricted distribution in southern Brazil, including headwaters of the Tibagi and Itararé river basins (Upper Paraná River). This study reported C. hypselurus in a headwater of Cinzas River basin, where there were no previous records of this species, and employed microsatellite loci and mitochondrial haplotypes in a population genetic analysis. A total of 57 specimens was analyzed, including 30 from Cinzas River basin, 25 from Itararé River basin and two from Tibagi River basin. Results indicated low genetic diversity levels (HE = 0.334 and h = 0.246) for the sample from Cinzas River, suggesting reflections of a founder effect after the species had dispersed from one watershed to another, possibly by headwater captures. Since different populations were detected between the Cinzas and Itararé rivers (DEST = 0.248, P-value < 0.05) and other occurrence sites are still unknown in the Cinzas River basin, the data herein have great relevance and should be taken into account in future management and conservation actions, as well as in evolutionary studies of C. hypselurus.(AU)
Cnesterodon hypselurus é um pequeno peixe que possui distribuição restrita no sul do Brasil, incluindo cabeceiras das bacias dos rios Tibagi e Itararé (alto rio Paraná). Este estudo reportou C. hypselurus na cabeceira da bacia do rio das Cinzas, onde não havia registros prévios desta espécie, e empregou locos microssatélites e haplótipos mitocondriais em uma análise genética de populações. Um total de 57 espécimes foi analisado, incluindo 30 do rio das Cinzas, 25 da bacia do rio Itararé e dois da bacia do rio Tibagi. Os resultados indicaram baixos níveis de diversidade genética (HE = 0,334 e h = 0,246) para a amostra do rio das Cinzas, sugerindo reflexos de um efeito fundador após a espécie ter dispersado de uma bacia para a outra, possivelmente a partir de captura de cabeceiras. Uma vez que diferentes populações foram detectadas entre os rios das Cinzas e Itararé (DEST = 0,248, valor de P < 0,05) e que outros pontos de ocorrência ainda são desconhecidos na bacia do rio das Cinzas, os dados do presente estudo mostram grande relevância e deveriam ser considerados em futuras ações de manejo e conservação, bem como em estudos evolutivos de C. hypselurus.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Variação Genética , Poecilia/genética , Repetições de Microssatélites/genética , BrasilResumo
Prochilodus lineatus is a species of migratory fish widely distributed in the Paraná River basin, found mainly in the Grande, Pardo and Mogi-Guaçu rivers located in a well-developed region of the state of São Paulo. This study analyzes the genetic diversity and population structure in shoals of P. lineatus based on temporal analysis of specimens sampled over the years 2003, 2005, 2006, 2009, 2010, and 2015 in the Mogi-Guaçu River, São Paulo, at the region of Cachoeira de Emas. Genetic analysis performed using the D-Loop and seven microsatellite marker revealed significant genetic variability in all sampled groups. Moderate levels of structuring between groups were identified with the microsatellite markers (Fst = 0.14), while the mitochondrial marker did not reveal patterns of genetic structuring (Fst = 0.01). The genetic variability fluctuated over time, characterizing patterns of structuring among the analyzed samples. The occurrence of environmental alterations resulting in increased mortality rates, as well as changes in the water level in the ecosystem, among other factors, could determine changes in the reproductive behavior of species. The lack of favorable environmental conditions for reproduction in the basin, as reflected by tests of population bottlenecks, could have resulted in the differentiation of populations of P. lineatus over time.(AU)
Prochilodus lineatus é uma espécie de peixe migratório amplamente distribuído na bacia do rio Paraná, principalmente nos rios Grande, Pardo e Mogi-Guaçu localizados em uma região bem desenvolvida do estado de São Paulo. Este estudo analisou a diversidade genética e a estrutura populacional em cardumes de P. lineatus com base na análise temporal de espécimes amostrados ao longo dos anos de 2003, 2005, 2006, 2009, 2010 e 2015 na Cachoeira de Emas no rio Mogi-Guaçu, São Paulo, Brasil. A análise genética realizada com o marcador D-Loop e sete microssatélites revelou variabilidade genética significativa em todos os grupos amostrados. Níveis moderados de estruturação entre os grupos foram identificados com os marcadores microssatélites (Fst = 0.14), enquanto o marcador mitocondrial não revelou padrões de estruturação genética (Fst = 0.01). A variabilidade genética identificada no estoque oscilou ao longo do tempo, caracterizando padrões de estruturação entre as amostras analisadas. A ocorrência de alterações ambientais resultando em aumento das taxas de mortalidade, bem como mudanças no nível de água no ecossistema, entre outros fatores, podem determinar mudanças no comportamento reprodutivo das espécies. A falta de condições ambientais favoráveis para a reprodução na bacia, pode ter resultado na diferenciação das populações de P. lineatus ao longo do tempo.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Variação Genética/genética , Fenômenos Biológicos/genética , Caraciformes/genética , Brasil , Ecossistema , Repetições de MicrossatélitesResumo
Background: The cardiovascular system is one of the first systems to be affected by snake toxins; but not many toxins exert a direct effect on the heart. Cobra venom cardiotoxins are among those few toxins that attack the heart. Although the two cardiotoxin types (S and P) differ in their central-loop structure, it is not known whether they differ in their effect on the mammalian heart. We compared the effects of S- and P-type cardiotoxins, CTÐ¥-1 and CTÐ¥-2, respectively, from the cobra Naja oxiana, on the isolated rat heart. Methods: An isolated rat heart perfused according to the Langendorff technique was used in this study to investigate the activity of cardiotoxins CTX-1 and CTX-2. The following parameters were registered: the left ventricular developed pressure, calculated as the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure in the left ventricle, the end-diastolic pressure, the heart rate, time to maximal end-diastolic pressure (heart contracture), and time to depression of the heart contraction. Results: Both cardiotoxins at the concentration of 5 µg/mL initially produce a slight increase in systolic intraventricular pressure, followed by its rapid decrease with a simultaneous increase in diastolic intraventricular pressure until reaching contracture. CTX-2 blocks cardiac contractions faster than CTX-1; in its presence the maximum diastolic pressure is reached faster and the magnitude of the developed contracture is higher. Conclusion: The P-type cardiotoxin CTX-2 more strongly impairs rat heart functional activity than the S-type cardiotoxin CTX-1, as expressed in its faster blockage of cardiac contractions as well as in more rapid development and greater magnitude of contracture in its presence.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Proteínas Cardiotóxicas de Elapídeos/química , Venenos Elapídicos/toxicidade , Coração/fisiologiaResumo
The guitarfishes Pseudobatos horkelii and Pseudobatos percellens meet the criteria for threatened status as Critically Endangered (CR) and Endangered (EN), respectively. Both species occur in the Southern Atlantic Ocean. Considering the lack of data on the genetic structure of these species, the present study evaluated the genetic variability and population structure of the P. horkelii and P. percellens in the southern region of Brazil and the northern coast of Argentina, based on sequences of mitochondrial DNA, Control Region (D-loop). Samples of P. horkelii (n = 135) were analyzed in six localities situated in Northern Argentina, along the Brazilian states' coast. The mean of nucleotide diversity was 0.0053, the ΦST was 0.4277 and demographic analysis of P. horkelii suggests the existence of stability of the populations, with D = 0.9929, FS = 2.0155, SSD = 0.0817, R = 0.2153. In P. percellens (n = 101) were analyzed from six Brazilian localities along the coast of Santa Catarina, Paraná, and São Paulo. The mean nucleotide diversity was 0.0014 and ΦST value of 0.2921, the demographic analysis indicates a high migration rate of P. percellens among the localities evaluated, with D = 0.5222, FS = 0.3528, SSD = 0.01785, R = 0.3890.(AU)
As raias violas Pseudobatos horkelii e Pseudobatos percellens, são listados como "Criticamente em Perigo" (CR) e "Em Perigo" (EN), respectivamente. Ambas as espécies ocorrem no Sul do Oceano Atlântico. Considerando a falta de dados sobre a estrutura genética dessas espécies, o presente estudo avaliou a variabilidade genética e a estrutura populacional de P. horkelii e P. percellens na região sudeste do Brasil e litoral norte da Argentina, com base em sequências de DNA mitocondrial, região de controle (D-loop). Amostras de 135 indivíduos de P. horkelii analisados em seis localidades, situadas no norte da Argentina e ao longo da costa dos estados brasileiros. A média da diversidade nucleotídica foi de 0.0053, o índice ΦST foi de 0.4277 e a análise demográfica de P. horkelii, indicou a existência de estabilidade das populações, com D = 0.9929, Fus = 2.0155, SSD = 0.0817, R = 0.2153. Em 101 exemplares de P. percellens, foram analisados em seis localidades brasileiras ao longo do litoral de Santa Catarina, Paraná e São Paulo. A diversidade nucleotídica média foi de 0.0014 e o valor ΦST de 0.2921, a análise demográfica indicou uma alta taxa de migração de P. percellens entre as localidades analisadas, com D = 0.5222, FS = 0.3528, SSD = 0.01785, R = 0.3890.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Variação Genética , Rajidae , Estruturas Genéticas , DNA MitocondrialResumo
The guitarfishes Pseudobatos horkelii and Pseudobatos percellens meet the criteria for threatened status as Critically Endangered (CR) and Endangered (EN), respectively. Both species occur in the Southern Atlantic Ocean. Considering the lack of data on the genetic structure of these species, the present study evaluated the genetic variability and population structure of the P. horkelii and P. percellens in the southern region of Brazil and the northern coast of Argentina, based on sequences of mitochondrial DNA, Control Region (D-loop). Samples of P. horkelii (n = 135) were analyzed in six localities situated in Northern Argentina, along the Brazilian states' coast. The mean of nucleotide diversity was 0.0053, the ΦST was 0.4277 and demographic analysis of P. horkelii suggests the existence of stability of the populations, with D = 0.9929, FS = 2.0155, SSD = 0.0817, R = 0.2153. In P. percellens (n = 101) were analyzed from six Brazilian localities along the coast of Santa Catarina, Paraná, and São Paulo. The mean nucleotide diversity was 0.0014 and ΦST value of 0.2921, the demographic analysis indicates a high migration rate of P. percellens among the localities evaluated, with D = 0.5222, FS = 0.3528, SSD = 0.01785, R = 0.3890.(AU)
As raias violas Pseudobatos horkelii e Pseudobatos percellens, são listados como "Criticamente em Perigo" (CR) e "Em Perigo" (EN), respectivamente. Ambas as espécies ocorrem no Sul do Oceano Atlântico. Considerando a falta de dados sobre a estrutura genética dessas espécies, o presente estudo avaliou a variabilidade genética e a estrutura populacional de P. horkelii e P. percellens na região sudeste do Brasil e litoral norte da Argentina, com base em sequências de DNA mitocondrial, região de controle (D-loop). Amostras de 135 indivíduos de P. horkelii analisados em seis localidades, situadas no norte da Argentina e ao longo da costa dos estados brasileiros. A média da diversidade nucleotídica foi de 0.0053, o índice ΦST foi de 0.4277 e a análise demográfica de P. horkelii, indicou a existência de estabilidade das populações, com D = 0.9929, Fus = 2.0155, SSD = 0.0817, R = 0.2153. Em 101 exemplares de P. percellens, foram analisados em seis localidades brasileiras ao longo do litoral de Santa Catarina, Paraná e São Paulo. A diversidade nucleotídica média foi de 0.0014 e o valor ΦST de 0.2921, a análise demográfica indicou uma alta taxa de migração de P. percellens entre as localidades analisadas, com D = 0.5222, FS = 0.3528, SSD = 0.01785, R = 0.3890.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Variação Genética , Rajidae , Estruturas Genéticas , DNA MitocondrialResumo
Trypanosoma vivax infections cause nonspecific clinical signs in cattle associated with aparasitemic intervals, making disease diagnosis a challenge. In Brazil, diminazene aceturate and isometamidium chloride (ISM) are available to treat bovine trypanosomosis. The objective of this study was to follow-up, by molecular and serological techniques, dairy cattle naturally infected by T. vivax after ISM treatment. Thirty cattle naturally infected with T. vivax received two applications of ISM, at a dosage of 1.0 mg/kg intramuscularly, on days 0 and 150. For T. vivax diagnosis, EDTA-blood and serum samples were evaluated on 0, 7, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, and 240 days after treatment PCR, Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and ELISA. Animals with persistent detection of T. vivax DNA by both PCR and LAMP were found and continuous detection of anti-T. vivax IgG antibodies by ELISA, suggesting the presence of T. vivax resistance to ISM. The combination of LAMP and ELISA tests can prevent misdiagnosis of the parasite clearance in treated cattle, contributing to better disease control. This is the first experiment that demonstrates the persistence infection of T. vivax under ISM treatment in a natural infected herd and evidence of ISM chemotherapy-resistant T. vivax in Brazil.(AU)
Em bovinos, infecções por Trypanosoma vivax geram sinais clínicos inespecíficos que, associados a intervalos aparasitêmicos, faz com que o diagnóstico da enfermidade seja desafiador. No Brasil, somente aceturato de diaminazeno e cloridrato de isometamidum (ISM) estão disponíveis para o tratamento da tripanossomose bovina. Este trabalho teve como objetivo acompanhar bovinos leiteiros naturalmente infectados por T. vivax, após o tratamento com ISM por meio de técnicas moleculares e sorológica. Foram utilizados 30 bovinos naturalmente infectados com T. vivax, sendo estes tratados com duas aplicações de ISM, na dosagem de 1,0 mg/kg por via intramuscular profunda, nos dias 0 e 150. Foram avaliadas, para diagnóstico de T. vivax, amostras de sangue acrescido de EDTA e soro, colhidas nos 0, 7, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210 e 240 dias após os tratamentos pela reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR), amplificação circular isotérmica do DNA (LAMP) e ensaio de imunoabsorção enzimático (ELISA). Verificou-se a presença de animais com persistência na detecção de DNA de T. vivax pela PCR e LAMP, bem como detecção contínua de anticorpos IgG anti-T. vivax pelo método de ELISA, sugerindo a presença de resistência de T. vivax ao ISM. A combinação dos testes LAMP e ELISA pode evitar falsos diagnósticos da eliminação do parasita nos bovinos tratados, contribuindo para um melhor controle da doença. Este é o primeiro experimento que demonstra infecção persistente do T. vivax em rebanho naturalmente infectado, tratado com ISM, e evidencia possível resistência ao quimioterápico no Brasil.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Trypanosoma vivax/patogenicidade , Bovinos/parasitologia , Sorologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção EnzimáticaResumo
The coastal basins in Northeastern Brazil used in this study make up two different ecoregions for freshwater fishes (Amazonas estuary and coastal drainages, and Parnaiba) and two areas of endemism for Characiformes (Maranhão and Parnaíba), and exhibits a diversified yet poorly explored freshwater fish fauna. The population structure and biogeography of two migratory freshwater fish species that are commercially exploited from Maranhão and Parnaíba regions were herein analyzed. Molecular sequence data and statistical analyses were used to estimate haplotypes networks and lineage divergence times and correlated with hydrographic history of drainage and paleodrainages of the region. A total of 171 sequences was produced for both species, Schizodon dissimilis (coI, n = 70) and Prochilodus lacustris (D-loop, n = 101). All analyses identified the presence of three genetically delimited groups of S. dissimilis and six groups of P. lacustris. The lineage time analyses indicate diversification among these species within the past 1 million year. The results indicate the influence of geodispersal in the formation of the ichthyofauna in the studied area through headwater stream capture events and reticulated connections between the mouths of rivers along the coastal plain due to eustatic sea level fluctuations.(AU)
As bacias costeiras do nordeste do Brasil usadas neste estudo compõem duas ecorregiões diferentes para peixes de água doce (Estuário do Amazonas e drenagens costeiras e Parnaíba) e duas áreas de endemismo para Characiformes (Maranhão e Parnaíba), exibindo uma diversificada e ainda pouco explorada fauna de peixes de água doce. A estrutura populacional e biogeografia de duas espécies migradoras de peixes de água doce exploradas comercialmente nas regiões do Maranhão e Parnaíba foram analisadas. Dados de sequências moleculares e análises estatísticas foram utilizados para estimar redes de haplótipos e tempos de divergência entre linhagens, e foram correlacionados com a história hidrográfica das drenagens e paleodrenagens da região. Um total de 171 sequências foram geradas para ambas espécies, Schizodon dissimilis (coI, n = 70) e Prochilodus lacustris (D-loop, n = 101). Todas análises identificaram a presença de três grupos geneticamente delimitados para S. dissimilis e seis grupos para P. lacustris. A análise de tempo de divergência das linhagens indicou uma diversificação entre estas espécies nos últimos 1 Ma. Os resultados indicam influência da geodispersão na formação da ictiofauna do Maranhão, devido eventos de capturas de cabeceira e conexões reticuladas entre as fozes dos rios ao longo da planície costeira devido às flutuações eustáticas do nível do mar.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Filogeografia , Caraciformes/genética , Peixes/genética , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Nível do Mar , FilogeografiaResumo
The coastal basins in Northeastern Brazil used in this study make up two different ecoregions for freshwater fishes (Amazonas estuary and coastal drainages, and Parnaiba) and two areas of endemism for Characiformes (Maranhão and Parnaíba), and exhibits a diversified yet poorly explored freshwater fish fauna. The population structure and biogeography of two migratory freshwater fish species that are commercially exploited from Maranhão and Parnaíba regions were herein analyzed. Molecular sequence data and statistical analyses were used to estimate haplotypes networks and lineage divergence times and correlated with hydrographic history of drainage and paleodrainages of the region. A total of 171 sequences was produced for both species, Schizodon dissimilis (coI, n = 70) and Prochilodus lacustris (D-loop, n = 101). All analyses identified the presence of three genetically delimited groups of S. dissimilis and six groups of P. lacustris. The lineage time analyses indicate diversification among these species within the past 1 million year. The results indicate the influence of geodispersal in the formation of the ichthyofauna in the studied area through headwater stream capture events and reticulated connections between the mouths of rivers along the coastal plain due to eustatic sea level fluctuations.(AU)
As bacias costeiras do nordeste do Brasil usadas neste estudo compõem duas ecorregiões diferentes para peixes de água doce (Estuário do Amazonas e drenagens costeiras e Parnaíba) e duas áreas de endemismo para Characiformes (Maranhão e Parnaíba), exibindo uma diversificada e ainda pouco explorada fauna de peixes de água doce. A estrutura populacional e biogeografia de duas espécies migradoras de peixes de água doce exploradas comercialmente nas regiões do Maranhão e Parnaíba foram analisadas. Dados de sequências moleculares e análises estatísticas foram utilizados para estimar redes de haplótipos e tempos de divergência entre linhagens, e foram correlacionados com a história hidrográfica das drenagens e paleodrenagens da região. Um total de 171 sequências foram geradas para ambas espécies, Schizodon dissimilis (coI, n = 70) e Prochilodus lacustris (D-loop, n = 101). Todas análises identificaram a presença de três grupos geneticamente delimitados para S. dissimilis e seis grupos para P. lacustris. A análise de tempo de divergência das linhagens indicou uma diversificação entre estas espécies nos últimos 1 Ma. Os resultados indicam influência da geodispersão na formação da ictiofauna do Maranhão, devido eventos de capturas de cabeceira e conexões reticuladas entre as fozes dos rios ao longo da planície costeira devido às flutuações eustáticas do nível do mar.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Filogeografia , Caraciformes/genética , Peixes/genética , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Nível do Mar , FilogeografiaResumo
Purpose To assess the impact of three-dimensional (3D) vision use on operative time (OT) in laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) with hand-sewn anastomoses. Methods We analyzed a prospectively collected database of patients who underwent LRYGB. We included all patients operated on with either 2D or 3D vision. Demographics and clinical characteristics, operative time, hospital stay and 30-day postoperative complications were collected for all patients and analyzed. Results During the study time, out of 143 patients who underwent LRYGB for morbid obesity, 111 were considered eligible. Seventy-eight patients were operated with 2D vision and 33 patients with 3D vision. Demographics and clinical characteristics were not different among groups. Mean OT was 203±51 and 167±32 minutes in the 2D and 3D groups respectively (p<0.001). Multivariate analyses showed that increasing age and BMI were independently related to prolonged OT, while 3D vision (OR 6.675, 95% CI 2.380-24.752, p<0.001) was strongly associated with shorter OT. Conclusions The use of 3D vision in LRYGB significantly reduced the OT, though intra- and postoperative complication rates and the length of hospital stay were not affected. Despite its limitations, our study supports the value of 3D vision laparoscopy in bariatric surgery.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Derivação Gástrica/métodos , Cirurgia Bariátrica/métodos , Duração da Cirurgia , Anastomose em-Y de Roux , Imageamento TridimensionalResumo
Brycon nattereri is an endangered Neotropical fish reported along conserved stretches of the upper Paraná, Tocantins and São Francisco rivers. Populations of this species have been very rare in some Paraná River sub basins. This study analyzes the genetic diversity and population structure of B. nattereri in a restricted area of occurrence recently identified in upper Paraná River basin. Seven microsatellite loci and 497 bp of D-Loop mitochondrial region were examined in 92 individuals from four points along the area of occurrence. Both molecular markers indicated a single population distributed along a stretch of the river approximately 80 km long. Although some of the data suggest an ancient bottleneck, current levels of genetic diversity (H E = 0.574 and h = 0.616) were similar to those of other species of the genus Brycon. The results suggest that the population of B. nattereri has been able to maintain satisfactory levels of genetic diversity, in spite of the small area of occurrence. These data have highlighted an important conservation area and action may prove essential to improve the quality of the environment, and especially the water and riparian plant life, if the area is to be managed and conserved efficiently.(AU)
Brycon nattereri é um peixe Neotropical ameaçado de extinção reportado para trechos conservados dos rios Paraná, Tocantins e São Francisco. Populações desta espécie têm sido muito raras em algumas sub-bacias do rio Paraná. Este estudo analisou a diversidade genética e a estrutura populacional de B. nattereri em uma área de ocorrência restrita recentemente identificada na bacia do alto rio Paraná. Sete locos microssatélites e 497 pb da região mitocondrial D-Loop foram examinados para 92 indivíduos de quatro pontos ao longo da área de ocorrência. Ambos os marcadores moleculares indicaram uma única população distribuída em um trecho de aproximadamente 80 km do rio. Embora alguns dados tenham sugerido um antigo gargalo genético, os atuais níveis de diversidade genética (H E = 0,574, h = 0,616) foram similares aos de outras espécies do gênero Brycon. Estes resultados sugerem que a população de B. nattereri tem mantido níveis satisfatórios de diversidade genética, apesar da pequena área de ocorrência. Estes dados destacaram uma importante área de conservação e ações podem melhorar a qualidade do ambiente, especialmente para a vida aquática e mata ciliar, se a área for eficientemente manejada e conservada.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Variação Genética , Extinção Biológica , Caraciformes/classificação , Caraciformes/genéticaResumo
Brycon nattereri is an endangered Neotropical fish reported along conserved stretches of the upper Paraná, Tocantins and São Francisco rivers. Populations of this species have been very rare in some Paraná River sub basins. This study analyzes the genetic diversity and population structure of B. nattereri in a restricted area of occurrence recently identified in upper Paraná River basin. Seven microsatellite loci and 497 bp of D-Loop mitochondrial region were examined in 92 individuals from four points along the area of occurrence. Both molecular markers indicated a single population distributed along a stretch of the river approximately 80 km long. Although some of the data suggest an ancient bottleneck, current levels of genetic diversity (H E = 0.574 and h = 0.616) were similar to those of other species of the genus Brycon. The results suggest that the population of B. nattereri has been able to maintain satisfactory levels of genetic diversity, in spite of the small area of occurrence. These data have highlighted an important conservation area and action may prove essential to improve the quality of the environment, and especially the water and riparian plant life, if the area is to be managed and conserved efficiently.(AU)
Brycon nattereri é um peixe Neotropical ameaçado de extinção reportado para trechos conservados dos rios Paraná, Tocantins e São Francisco. Populações desta espécie têm sido muito raras em algumas sub-bacias do rio Paraná. Este estudo analisou a diversidade genética e a estrutura populacional de B. nattereri em uma área de ocorrência restrita recentemente identificada na bacia do alto rio Paraná. Sete locos microssatélites e 497 pb da região mitocondrial D-Loop foram examinados para 92 indivíduos de quatro pontos ao longo da área de ocorrência. Ambos os marcadores moleculares indicaram uma única população distribuída em um trecho de aproximadamente 80 km do rio. Embora alguns dados tenham sugerido um antigo gargalo genético, os atuais níveis de diversidade genética (H E = 0,574, h = 0,616) foram similares aos de outras espécies do gênero Brycon. Estes resultados sugerem que a população de B. nattereri tem mantido níveis satisfatórios de diversidade genética, apesar da pequena área de ocorrência. Estes dados destacaram uma importante área de conservação e ações podem melhorar a qualidade do ambiente, especialmente para a vida aquática e mata ciliar, se a área for eficientemente manejada e conservada.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Variação Genética , Extinção Biológica , Caraciformes/classificação , Caraciformes/genéticaResumo
Chinese indigenous chicken breeds are geographically widespread, and a total of 116 indigenous chicken breeds are listed as Chinese national genetic resources. However, these indigenous chicken breeds are facing serious challenges as declining population and germplasm degeneration because lots of commercial chicken breeds had been introduced. In this study, the genetic variations of eleven Chinese indigenous chicken breeds of Sichuan province and three commercial chicken breeds were investigated based on the partial mitochondrial DNA D-loop of 487bp in length. 147 individuals from 14 breeds were examined and 34 haplotypes were observed. Genetic diversity analysis showed that the highest haplotype diversity level was found in Dahen Chicken (DH) population, while the Arbor Acres Chicken (WF) and Roman layer (RM) showed lower genetic diversity levels. The long-term artificial selection may lead to reduced nucleotide diversity. Genetic population differentiation analysis indicated that most of the variation (80.80%) was attributed to variations among breeds. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these individuals were divided into four distinct genetic clades, including cluster A, B, C and D. Eighteen haplotypes were classified as cluster A, eight haplotypes were classified as cluster B, five haplotypes were classified as cluster C and three haplotypes were classified as cluster D. There was no breed-specific clade. Our study firstly identified the populations genetic structure of Chinese indigenous chickens and the most important commercial breeds in Sichuan province, though the genetic diversity of indigenous breeds did not suffer obvious decrease, but could be helpful for efficient artificial breeding selection and genetic resources conservation.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Galinhas/genética , Variação Genética , Análise de Sequência/veterinária , DNA MitocondrialResumo
Chinese indigenous chicken breeds are geographically widespread, and a total of 116 indigenous chicken breeds are listed as Chinese national genetic resources. However, these indigenous chicken breeds are facing serious challenges as declining population and germplasm degeneration because lots of commercial chicken breeds had been introduced. In this study, the genetic variations of eleven Chinese indigenous chicken breeds of Sichuan province and three commercial chicken breeds were investigated based on the partial mitochondrial DNA D-loop of 487bp in length. 147 individuals from 14 breeds were examined and 34 haplotypes were observed. Genetic diversity analysis showed that the highest haplotype diversity level was found in Dahen Chicken (DH) population, while the Arbor Acres Chicken (WF) and Roman layer (RM) showed lower genetic diversity levels. The long-term artificial selection may lead to reduced nucleotide diversity. Genetic population differentiation analysis indicated that most of the variation (80.80%) was attributed to variations among breeds. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these individuals were divided into four distinct genetic clades, including cluster A, B, C and D. Eighteen haplotypes were classified as cluster A, eight haplotypes were classified as cluster B, five haplotypes were classified as cluster C and three haplotypes were classified as cluster D. There was no breed-specific clade. Our study firstly identified the populations genetic structure of Chinese indigenous chickens and the most important commercial breeds in Sichuan province, though the genetic diversity of indigenous breeds did not suffer obvious decrease, but could be helpful for efficient artificial breeding selection and genetic resources conservation.
Assuntos
Animais , Análise de Sequência/veterinária , Galinhas/genética , Variação Genética , DNA MitocondrialResumo
Donganyellow chicken (Gallus gallusdomesticus, DYC) is one of the famous native breeds of Hunan province in China. It is the first time that the complete mitochondrialgenome sequence of DYC was reported. The total length of the mtDNA is16, 786bp. It contains 22transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes,13 protein-coding genes and 1 D-loop region. The overall composition of the mtDNA is 30.27% for A, 23.74% for T, 32.50% for C and 13.49% for G. Phylogenetic analyses using N-J computational algorithms showed that the analyzed20Galliformes species are divided into three major clades: Phasianidae, Numidiidae and Odontophoridae. In addition, our work confirmed that DYCand Taoyuan chickenhave a closegenetic relationship with fellow tribal members Xuefeng black-boned chicken and Huang Lang chicken. This work will provide an important data set for the study in genetic mechanism of chicken in Hunan province.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Galinhas/genética , Genoma Mitocondrial/genética , FilogeniaResumo
Donganyellow chicken (Gallus gallusdomesticus, DYC) is one of the famous native breeds of Hunan province in China. It is the first time that the complete mitochondrialgenome sequence of DYC was reported. The total length of the mtDNA is16, 786bp. It contains 22transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes,13 protein-coding genes and 1 D-loop region. The overall composition of the mtDNA is 30.27% for A, 23.74% for T, 32.50% for C and 13.49% for G. Phylogenetic analyses using N-J computational algorithms showed that the analyzed20Galliformes species are divided into three major clades: Phasianidae, Numidiidae and Odontophoridae. In addition, our work confirmed that DYCand Taoyuan chickenhave a closegenetic relationship with fellow tribal members Xuefeng black-boned chicken and Huang Lang chicken. This work will provide an important data set for the study in genetic mechanism of chicken in Hunan province.
Assuntos
Animais , Filogenia , Galinhas/genética , Genoma Mitocondrial/genéticaResumo
Background: Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm rarely described in the veterinary routine. The aim of this study was to report a case of GIST accompanied by a periosteal reaction, suggestive ofhypertrophic osteopathy, in a dog.Case: An 11-year-old male dog had a history of progressive weight loss, difficulty in locomotion, and dyspnea. During clinical care, increased bone volume was observed. Blood samples were collected for a complete blood count and biochemicalanalysis. The dog also underwent thoracic radiography and abdominal ultrasonography. The test results revealed anemia,leukocytosis, hypocalcemia, hypoalbuminemia, and hypocholesterolemia. The radiographic images of the limbs showeda generalized periosteal reaction, and thoracic radiography indicated changes compatible with mild chronic lung disease.Ultrasonographic findings indicated a neoformation in the intestinal loop of the right mesogastric region and increasedvolume in the left testicle, both of which were indicative of neoplasia. Therefore, the dog was referred for surgery, whereinthe intestinal mass and both testes were removed; the intestinal mass and left testicle were subjected to histopathologicaldiagnosis. The results of the biopsies confirmed that the testicular neoplasm was a seminoma, whereas the intestinal nodulewas compatible with GIST, and immunohistochemical analysis was necessary to confirm the diagnosis. On the basis ofpositive labeling for the antibodies vimentin, desmin, S100, and c-kit, the diagnosis of GIST was confirmed. Therefore,the animal underwent metronomic chemotherapy with 12 mg/m2 cyclophosphamide every 24 h for 3 months, and thereafter every 48 h for 6 months. Moreover, the dog was periodically monitored via imaging (radiography of the anteriorand posterior limbs, abdominal ultrasonography, and computed tomography)...
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Hiperostose/patologia , Hiperostose/veterinária , Tumores do Estroma Gastrointestinal/patologia , Tumores do Estroma Gastrointestinal/veterinária , Imuno-Histoquímica/veterináriaResumo
Background: Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm rarely described in the veterinary routine. The aim of this study was to report a case of GIST accompanied by a periosteal reaction, suggestive ofhypertrophic osteopathy, in a dog.Case: An 11-year-old male dog had a history of progressive weight loss, difficulty in locomotion, and dyspnea. During clinical care, increased bone volume was observed. Blood samples were collected for a complete blood count and biochemicalanalysis. The dog also underwent thoracic radiography and abdominal ultrasonography. The test results revealed anemia,leukocytosis, hypocalcemia, hypoalbuminemia, and hypocholesterolemia. The radiographic images of the limbs showeda generalized periosteal reaction, and thoracic radiography indicated changes compatible with mild chronic lung disease.Ultrasonographic findings indicated a neoformation in the intestinal loop of the right mesogastric region and increasedvolume in the left testicle, both of which were indicative of neoplasia. Therefore, the dog was referred for surgery, whereinthe intestinal mass and both testes were removed; the intestinal mass and left testicle were subjected to histopathologicaldiagnosis. The results of the biopsies confirmed that the testicular neoplasm was a seminoma, whereas the intestinal nodulewas compatible with GIST, and immunohistochemical analysis was necessary to confirm the diagnosis. On the basis ofpositive labeling for the antibodies vimentin, desmin, S100, and c-kit, the diagnosis of GIST was confirmed. Therefore,the animal underwent metronomic chemotherapy with 12 mg/m2 cyclophosphamide every 24 h for 3 months, and thereafter every 48 h for 6 months. Moreover, the dog was periodically monitored via imaging (radiography of the anteriorand posterior limbs, abdominal ultrasonography, and computed tomography)...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Tumores do Estroma Gastrointestinal/patologia , Tumores do Estroma Gastrointestinal/veterinária , Hiperostose/patologia , Hiperostose/veterinária , Imuno-Histoquímica/veterináriaResumo
ABSTRACT The black-bone chicken has special economic value in Chinese poultry breeds, which also are valued for the medicinal properties of their meat in traditional Chinese medicine. In order to protect the genetic resources of native black-bone chicken breeds, we analyzed the genetic diversity and matrilineal components of 64 mtDNA D-loop partial sequences from three native black-bone chicken breeds, together with reported 596 black-bone chicken mtDNA sequences from China, Japan, and Korea. A total of 108 haplotypes were observed from 73 variable sites. These domestic chicken mtDNA sequences could be assigned into seven clades (A-G). The results indicated that 71.97% of the black-bone haplotypes were related to the reference sequence that may originate from Eurasia, while the minor part of mtDNA sequences presumably derive from Southeast Asia, China, and Japan. Three clades were shared by Korean, Japanese, and Chinese black-bone chickens. These results provide basic data useful for making new breeding and conservation strategies for the black-bone chicken in China.
Resumo
The black-bone chicken has special economic value in Chinese poultry breeds, which also are valued for the medicinal properties of their meat in traditional Chinese medicine. In order to protect the genetic resources of native black-bone chicken breeds, we analyzed the genetic diversity and matrilineal components of 64 mtDNA D-loop partial sequences from three native black-bone chicken breeds, together with reported 596 black-bone chicken mtDNA sequences from China, Japan, and Korea. A total of 108 haplotypes were observed from 73 variable sites. These domestic chicken mtDNA sequences could be assigned into seven clades (A-G). The results indicated that 71.97% of the black-bone haplotypes were related to the reference sequence that may originate from Eurasia, while the minor part of mtDNA sequences presumably derive from Southeast Asia, China, and Japan. Three clades were shared by Korean, Japanese, and Chinese black-bone chickens. These results provide basic data useful for making new breeding and conservation strategies for the black-bone chicken in China.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Variação Genética , Galinhas/genética , Osso e Ossos , Haplótipos , China , FilogeniaResumo
The black-bone chicken has special economic value in Chinese poultry breeds, which also are valued for the medicinal properties of their meat in traditional Chinese medicine. In order to protect the genetic resources of native black-bone chicken breeds, we analyzed the genetic diversity and matrilineal components of 64 mtDNA D-loop partial sequences from three native black-bone chicken breeds, together with reported 596 black-bone chicken mtDNA sequences from China, Japan, and Korea. A total of 108 haplotypes were observed from 73 variable sites. These domestic chicken mtDNA sequences could be assigned into seven clades (A-G). The results indicated that 71.97% of the black-bone haplotypes were related to the reference sequence that may originate from Eurasia, while the minor part of mtDNA sequences presumably derive from Southeast Asia, China, and Japan. Three clades were shared by Korean, Japanese, and Chinese black-bone chickens. These results provide basic data useful for making new breeding and conservation strategies for the black-bone chicken in China.