Pachira aquatica fruits shells valorization: renewables phenolics through analytical pyrolysis study (Py-GC/MS) / Valorização das cascas dos frutos da Pachira aquática: fenólicos renováveis através de estudo analítico de pirólise (Py-GC/MS)

This research valorized Pachira aquatica Aubl.'s fruit shells (PAS) through its energetic characterization and flash pyrolysis for biofuels or chemicals production. The characterization was performed through proximate and ultimate analysis, bulk density, higher heating value (HHV), hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin content, thermogravimetric analysis and absorption spectra in the infrared region obtained by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy technique (FTIR). The analytical flash pyrolysis was performed at 500°C in a Py-5200 HP-R coupled to a gas chromatograph (Py-GC/MS). The PAS biomass presents potential for thermochemical energy conversion processes due to its low moisture and ash content, 76.90% of volatile matter, bulk density of 252.6 kg/m3 and HHV of 16.24 MJ/kg. Flash pyrolysis products are mostly phenols or light organic acids derived from the decomposition of polysaccharides. Results confirmed the potential of PAS to produce bio-phenolics, such as 4-methoxyphenol which is an important active ingredient for skin depigmentation used in drugs and cosmetics, and as phenolic extract that can be used as a precursor to resins, applications that convert this forest waste into bio products for industry into a green circular economy.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo a valorização das cascas dos frutos da Pachira aquatica Aubl. (PAC) através da sua caracterização energética e pirólise flash para produção de biocombustíveis ou produtos químicos. A caracterização foi realizada através de análises imediata e final, densidade aparente, poder calorífico superior (PCS), conteúdos de hemicelulose, celulose e lignina, análise termogravimétrica e espectros de absorção na região do infravermelho obtidos pela técnica de espectroscopia no infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FTIR). A pirólise flash analítica foi realizada a 500 °C em equipamento Py-5200 HP-R acoplado a um cromatógrafo à gás (Py-GC/MS). A biomassa das PAC apresenta potencial para processos de conversão termoquímica de energia devido ao seu baixo teor de umidade e cinzas, além de 76,90% de materiais voláteis, densidade aparente de 252,6 kg/m3 e PCS igual a 16,24 MJ / kg. Os produtos da pirólise rápida são principalmente fenóis ou ácidos orgânicos leves derivados da decomposição de polissacarídeos. Os resultados confirmam o potencial das PAC para produzir bio-fenólicos, como o 4-metoxifenol que é um importante ingrediente ativo para despigmentação da pele usado em medicamentos e cosméticos, e como extrato fenólico que pode ser usado como precursor de resinas. Estas aplicações convertem esses resíduos florestais em produtos biológicos para a indústria em uma economia circular verde.

Discoid lupus erythematosus in dog / Lúpus eritematoso discoide em cão

Lupus erythematosus complex is an immune-mediated dermatological disease, mainly represented by the generalized and discoid forms. The last form described is milder, as it is limited to the appearance of lesions, usually on the face and in mucocutaneous regions. Its pathophysiology is considered multifactorial, however, continuous exposure to ultraviolet radiation seems to be very relevant to trigger and/or worsen clinical manifestations. DeÞ nitive diagnosis is obtained by histopathological analysis, and treatment is mainly based on immunosuppression and protection against ultraviolet radiation. The objective of this study was to report the case and clinical evolution of a mixed breed bitch, diagnosed with discoid lupus erythematosus. The bitch presented moderate desquamation, crusts and depigmentation restricted to the nasal plane. No other clinical or laboratory Þ ndings were evidenced in the screening tests. Upon conÞ rmation by histopathology, the initial therapy was started with oral prednisolone. The owners were also instructed to avoid exposure to sunlight, as well as to use topical protectors against ultraviolet radiation. The patient presented good response to therapy, showing remission of signs. Other sporadic recurrences were observed later, however, they were controlled only with topical corticosteroids, but always reinforcing the other precautions of environmental management. This work also addressed the risks, beneÞ ts and need to institute ongoing care to control discoid lupus erythematosus. Therapeutic success can vary among patients, as the intensity of the disease can be manifested in varying degrees. Therefore, in those individuals in which the condition is mild, it may be advantageous to opt for more conservative therapies in order to avoid side effects.(AU)

O complexo lúpus eritematoso é uma enfermidade dermatológica imunomediada, sendo principalmente representado pela forma generalizada e discoide. A última descrita é mais branda, pois se limita ao aparecimento de lesões geralmente em face e em regiões muco-cutâneas. Sua Þ - siopatogenia é considerada multifatorial, entretanto, a exposição contínua à radiação ultravioleta parece ser muito relevante para desencadear e/ou agravar as manifestações clínicas. O diagnóstico deÞ nitivo é obtido pela análise histopatológica, e o tratamento se baseia principalmente na imunossupressão e proteção contra a radiação ultravioleta. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar o caso e evolução clínica de uma cadela sem raça deÞ nida, diagnosticada com lúpus eritematoso discoide. A mesma apresentou moderada descamação, crostas e despigmentação restritas ao plano nasal. Nenhum outro achado clínico ou laboratorial foi evidenciado nos demais exames de triagem. Após conÞ rmado pela histopatologia, a terapia inicial foi instituída a partir da prednisolona por via oral. Os tutores também foram orientados a evitar exposição a luz solar, bem como, fazer a utilização de protetores tópicos contra a radiação ultravioleta. A paciente teve boa resposta à terapia, apresentando remissão dos sinais. Após este episódio, outras recidivas esporádicas foram observadas, entretanto, controladas apenas com corticoides tópicos, mas sempre reforçando os demais cuidados com o manejo ambiental. Este trabalho também abordou os riscos, benefícios e necessidade de instituir o cuidado contínuo para controle do lúpus eritematoso discoide. O sucesso terapêutico pode variar entre os pacientes, uma vez que a intensidade da doença pode ser manifestada em vários graus. Portanto, naqueles indivíduos em que o quadro é brando, pode ser vantajoso optar por terapias mais conservadoras, a Þ m de evitar seus efeitos colaterais.(AU)

Metastatic vulvar squamous cell carcinoma in a mare

Background: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a common cutaneous neoplasm in horses, which mainly affects the external genitalia, oral cavity, and periocular region. The development of SCC metastases is rare in these animals, and the most common occurrence is a marked local infiltration. Exposure to ultraviolet rays and skin depigmentation are the main etiological factors of SCC. Definitive diagnosis of the neoplasm is performed through histological examination of lesions. The present report describes the clinical, anatomopathological, and immunohistochemical (IHC) aspects of a case of metastatic SCC, with the vulva as the primary site in a mare. Case: A 17-year-old mare, mixed breed, was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), with history of areas of depigmented skin (pinto coat), and clinical history of anorexia, frequent episodes of colic, and recumbency. During clinical evaluation, heart rate (68 bpm), rectal temperature (38.4ºC), and respiratory rate (48 mpm) were elevated, and the oral mucosa was pale. The mare also had an ulcerated tumor mass involving the vulva, which extended to the inguinal region and involved the mammary gland. A cytological aspirate of the vulvar tumor was performed, in which no neoplastic cells were found. Next, a biopsy of 2 distinct areas of the vulva was performed. The material was sent for anatomopathological examination, which showed markedly pleomorphic malignant squamous cells, with individual keratinization and high mitotic index, organized in trabeculae with rare keratin pearl-like formations. The exam allowed the diagnosis of SCC Grade II. Due to the poor prognosis and high cost of treatment, the owner consented to euthanasia and necropsy examination. During necropsy, the vulvar tumor mass was grayish, firm to hard, infiltrative, and had friable areas. Tumor foci suggestive of metastasis were also observed in inguinal, mesenteric, mediastinal and renal lymph nodes, adrenal glands, lung, pericardium, medullary canal, intercostal muscles, right 15th rib, and tissue surrounding the azygos vein. Samples from all organs were collected for anatomopathological examination. Diagnosis of metastatic vulvar SCC was confirmed through histological and IHC studies, which evaluated the expression of cytokeratins (AE1/ AE3), as well as the proliferative activity of neoplastic cells through the PCNA marker. Discussion: The diagnosis of metastatic SCC was obtained through the observed clinical, necroscopic, histological, and IHC characteristics. This neoplasm usually appears in depigmented regions exposed to ultraviolet light, and older animals are more likely to be affected. The mare in the present case had areas of depigmented skin (pinto coat). The animal was kept in a paddock outdoor and exposed to constant solar radiation. Although rare in horses, manifestation of anorexia, progressive weight loss, and frequent colic episodes and recumbency may be closely related to the multiple sites of metastasis in the present case. The main histological findings of the neoplasm were the dense proliferation of malignant squamous cells with individual keratinization, arranged in a trabecular pattern and with rare formations of keratin pearls, in line with previous studies. During IHC evaluation, the neoplastic cells showed expression of cytokeratins (AE1/AE3), as well as high proliferative activity evidenced by the PCNA marker. Given this background, the present report describes the clinical, anatomopathological, and IHC aspects of a case of metastatic SCC with a primary site in the vulva of a mare.

Efeitos da consanguinidade em rebanho de bubalinos no pantanal Mato-Grossense / Effects of inbreeding in bubaline herds in the pantanal Mato-Grossense / Efectos de la consanguinidad en rebaño de búfalos en el pantanal Mato-Grossense

A consanguinidade é uma realidade na criação de bubalinos no Brasil, devido ao número pequeno de animais no rebanho, e principalmente a falta de escrituração zootécnica e seleção genética da espécie. Isso faz com que exista muita endogamia e como consequência aparecem as anomalias congênitas, que associadas às condições ambientais resultam em animais com problemas de pele, baixo desenvolvimento, baixa produção e sanidade deficitária. O presente estudo demonstrou os efeitos de um manejo cuja persistência de um touro por período de 8 anos gerou progênie com despigmentação, culminando com alterações dermatológicas e baixo desenvolvimento em alguns animais de um rebanho, sendo estas: albinismo acentuado, albinismo parcial -cabeça e peitoral e fotossensibilização, na qual todos eram menos desenvolvidos se comparados aos pais não consanguíneos. A alta incidência de raios solares na região do Pantanal Mato-Grossense potencializou queimaduras cutâneas e desgaste desses animais. Com objetivo de eliminar os genes defeituosos, os animais foram descartados e um novo touro foi introduzido.(AU)

IInbreeding is a reality in buffalo breeding in Brazil, due to the small number of animals in the herd, and mainly the lack of zootechnical bookkeeping and genetic selection of the species. This means that there is a lot of inbreeding and, as a consequence, congenital anomalies appear, which, associated with environmental conditions, result in animals with skin problems, poor development, low production and poor health. The present study demonstrated the effects of a management whose persistence of a bull for a period of 8 years generated progeny with depigmentation, culminating with dermatological alterations and low development in some animals of a herd, namely: accentuated albinism, partial albinism -head and pectoral and photosensitization, in which all were less developed compared to non-consanguineous parents. The high incidence of solar rays in the Pantanal Mato-Grossense region potentiated skin burns and wear of these animals. In order to eliminate the defective genes, the animals were discarded anda new bull was introduced.(AU)

La consanguinidad es una realidad en la cría de búfalos en Brasil,debido al pequeño número de animales en el rebaño, y principalmente la falta de contabilidad zootécnica y de selección de genética de la especie. Esto provoca la existencia de mucha endogamia y como consecuencia aparecen las anomalías congénitas, que asociadas a las condiciones ambientales resultan en animales con problemas de piel, bajo desarrollo, baja producción y salud. El presente estudio demostró los efectos de un manejo donde la persistencia de un toro por un periodo de 8 años generó progenie con despigmentación, culminando en alteraciones dermatológicas en un rebaño de 35 animales, siendo de los afectados: despigmentación severa, albinismo parcial -cabeza y pecho y fotosensibilización, en los que todos fueron menos desarrollados si se comparan con los padres no consanguíneos. La alta incidencia de los rayos solares en la región del Pantanal Mato-Grossense colaboró con las quemaduras y el desgaste de estos animales. Con el objetivo de eliminar los genes defectuosos, los animales fueron descartados y se introdujo un nuevo toro.(AU)

Vitiligo in equine: a four-year case study of a roan horse - case report / [Vitiligo em equinos: um estudo de caso de quatro anos de um cavalo roan - relato de caso]

Vitiligo is a dermatological disease affecting both animals and humans. It is characterized by depigmented macules of varying shape and size, originated from melanocyte destruction. Even though there are some theories tackling causation, disease etiopathology is not yet certain. Moreover, lesion areas can either increase or diminish over time, and therefore, available treatment alternatives tend to prove inconsistencies. No epidemiological data or registered cases were found for equines in Brazil. The horse in this case description displayed depigmentation areas in facial regions, including upper lip, nose and lips. However, the individual did not happen to develop any systemic alteration. Through clinical evaluation, backed by a histopathological exam, a definitive vitiligo diagnosis was obtained. However, no therapeutic plan was stipulated. The animal was accompanied for four years, during which period some affected areas diminished while others increased in size. In addition, emergence of new skin lesions was also observed during the time the animal was studied. Overall, this disease does not display alterations to organism functionality, only aesthetic changes. Therefore, treatment plans may vary from case to case, occasionally being even ruled out.(AU)

O vitiligo é uma doença dermatológica que pode afetar animais e humanos. Caracteriza-se por áreas despigmentadas, de formas e tamanhos variáveis, que surgem devido a destruição dos melanócitos. Existem algumas teorias que tentam explicar a etiopatogenia da doença, entretanto ainda não é totalmente esclarecida. As lesões podem aumentar ou diminuir com o tempo, por isso os tratamentos disponíveis são inconsistentes. Não foram encontrados dados epidemiológicos ou relatos de vitiligo em cavalos no Brasil. O equino deste relato apresentava lesões despigmentadas na região da face, incluindo pálpebras, narina e lábios, sem alterações sistêmicas. Por meio da avaliação clínica em conjunto com o exame histopatológico obteve-se o diagnóstico definitivo de vitiligo. Não foi instituído nenhuma terapia, e o equino foi acompanhado durante quatro anos. Durante esse período algumas lesões diminuíram e outras aumentaram de tamanho sendo também observado o aparecimento de novas lesões. O vitiligo não traz alterações sistêmicas, apenas mudanças estéticas, por isso a escolha pelo tratamento dependerá de cada caso.(AU)

Treatment of discoid lupus erythematosus in a dog with human intravenous immunoglobulin

Background: Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) is a common canine autoimmune skin disease, in which systemic manifestations are absent. Skin Lesions are usually present on the nasal planum, and characterised by erythema, depigmentation, erosion, ulceration, and crusting. The diagnosis is based on histopathological results, which should demonstrate lymphoplasmacytic lichenoid-interface dermatitis. Human intravenous immunoglobulin (hIVIg) has been used in veterinary medicine to treat cutaneous diseases including erythema multiforme, PF, and severe adverse cutaneous drug reactions. In human medicine, it has been effective to treat DLE. This report firstly describes the clinical response to hIVIg in a dog with DLE resistant to common immunosuppressive drugs. Case: A 5-year-old, intact female Shih Tzu presented with a 1-month history of slowly progressive black crusting on the nasal planum, chin, and claw. Based on the results of a dermatologic examination, superficial pyoderma was diagnosed. The skin lesions did not improve during and after anti-infective treatment. After removing the crusts, a skin biopsy was obtained from the muzzle. Histopathology of lesional skin biopsy specimens revealed lymphoplasmacytic interface dermatitis at the dermoepidermal junction. Microscopic examination also revealed vacuolar changes and pigmentary incontinence of the basal layer as a lichenoid tissue reaction. No mites or fungi were detected on the skin section. The absence of acantholytic cells excluded pemphigus foliaceus, which is also characterised by the lesions of the nasal planum. Based on the distribution of the lesions, histopathology and exclusion of other dermatoses, the dog was diagnosed with DLE. The skin lesions temporarily improved after treatment with prednisolone (2 mg/kg PO q12h). However, after tapering the dose of prednisolone, new black crusts developed on the nasal planum and claw. Although the dog was successively treated with other immunosuppressive drugs, including azathioprine, cyclosporin with dexamethasone, and mycophenolate mofetil, black crusts still remained. Due to the low efficacy of these immunosuppressive drugs, hIVIg was administered at 0.5 g/kg once daily for 4 days, for a total dose of 2 g/kg. During hIVIg administration, the crusted lesions gradually improved. After the hIVIg administration, the dog was treated with prednisolone (1 mg/kg PO q12h). The lesions were almost in complete remission at 21 days after an additional application of prednisolone. The skin lesions did not recur, and the treatment was eventually discontinued after 6 weeks of additional prednisolone application. Discussion: The standard treatment of canine DLE includes glucocorticoids, and second-line immunosuppressive drugs, such as azathioprine and cyclosporine, are usually added in cases resistant to steroids. This case suggests that hIVIg may be beneficial as an adjunctive treatment option for canine DLE, especially when the application of standard immunosuppressive drugs is limited due to adverse effects or low efficacy. There is evidence from several studies that the steroid-sparing effect of hIVIg is significant in human patients. In the current case, the effective dose of prednisolone was reduced to 2 mg/kg/day after hIVIg administration, and prednisolone therapy was finally discontinued completely. The hIVIg appears to lower the daily steroid dose requirement in this dog.

Caracterização fenotípica de vacas F1 Holandês x Zebu de diferentes bases maternas / [Phenotypic characterization of Holsteins x Zebu F1 cows from different maternal bases]

Caracterizaram-se fêmeas F1 Holandês x Zebu de diferentes bases maternas quanto às pelagens, despigmentações e características morfométricas. Foram utilizadas 266 fêmeas F1, progênies do cruzamento de 26 touros da raça Holandesa com fêmeas de composição genética zebuínas: Gir, Nelore, Guzonel, Nelogir. Foram aplicadas análise de distribuição de frequência para características qualitativas e medidas de dispersão e tendência central para características morfométricas, e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Acima de 60,0% dos animais foram de pelagem preta. As vacas que tiveram origem na raça Gir apresentaram comprimento de cabeça 2,8cm maior (P<0,05) que as fêmeas da raça Nelore. O comprimento da orelha variou (P<0,05) conforme a base materna utilizada. As vacas com genes da raça Nelore são 5,0cm mais altas (P<0,05). O perímetro torácico foi a característica morfométrica que teve correlação fenotípica de elevada magnitude com o peso, acima de 0,70, para as fêmeas das bases maternas Gir, Nelore e Nelogir. A pelagem não é indicativa da base materna utilizada. As vacas F1 de base materna Gir tiveram estrutura corporal menor que as fêmeas que portam genes da raça Nelore.(AU)

F1 Holstein x Zebu females from different maternal bases were characterized regarding coat, depigmentation and morphometric characteristics. A total of 266 F1 female progenies from the crossbreeding of 26 Holstein bulls with females of Zebu genetic composition were used: Gir, Nellore, Guzonel, Nellogir. Frequency distribution analysis was applied for qualitative characteristics and dispersion measures and central tendency for morphometric characteristics, and means were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. Over 60.0% of the animals had a black coat. The cows that originated from the Gir breed had a head length of 2.8cm (P<0.05) higher than the Nellore females. Ear length varied (P<0.05) according to the maternal base used. Cows with Nelore genes were 5.0cm taller (P<0.05). The thoracic perimeter was the morphometric characteristic that had a high magnitude phenotypic correlation with weight, above 0.70, for the females of the Gir, Nellore and Nellogir maternal bases. The coat is not indicative of the maternal base used. F1 Gir-based cows had a smaller body structure than females with Nellore genes.(AU)

Caracterização fenotípica de vacas F1 Holandês x Zebu de diferentes bases maternas / [Phenotypic characterization of Holsteins x Zebu F1 cows from different maternal bases]

Caracterizaram-se fêmeas F1 Holandês x Zebu de diferentes bases maternas quanto às pelagens, despigmentações e características morfométricas. Foram utilizadas 266 fêmeas F1, progênies do cruzamento de 26 touros da raça Holandesa com fêmeas de composição genética zebuínas: Gir, Nelore, Guzonel, Nelogir. Foram aplicadas análise de distribuição de frequência para características qualitativas e medidas de dispersão e tendência central para características morfométricas, e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Acima de 60,0% dos animais foram de pelagem preta. As vacas que tiveram origem na raça Gir apresentaram comprimento de cabeça 2,8cm maior (P<0,05) que as fêmeas da raça Nelore. O comprimento da orelha variou (P<0,05) conforme a base materna utilizada. As vacas com genes da raça Nelore são 5,0cm mais altas (P<0,05). O perímetro torácico foi a característica morfométrica que teve correlação fenotípica de elevada magnitude com o peso, acima de 0,70, para as fêmeas das bases maternas Gir, Nelore e Nelogir. A pelagem não é indicativa da base materna utilizada. As vacas F1 de base materna Gir tiveram estrutura corporal menor que as fêmeas que portam genes da raça Nelore.(AU)

F1 Holstein x Zebu females from different maternal bases were characterized regarding coat, depigmentation and morphometric characteristics. A total of 266 F1 female progenies from the crossbreeding of 26 Holstein bulls with females of Zebu genetic composition were used: Gir, Nellore, Guzonel, Nellogir. Frequency distribution analysis was applied for qualitative characteristics and dispersion measures and central tendency for morphometric characteristics, and means were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. Over 60.0% of the animals had a black coat. The cows that originated from the Gir breed had a head length of 2.8cm (P<0.05) higher than the Nellore females. Ear length varied (P<0.05) according to the maternal base used. Cows with Nelore genes were 5.0cm taller (P<0.05). The thoracic perimeter was the morphometric characteristic that had a high magnitude phenotypic correlation with weight, above 0.70, for the females of the Gir, Nellore and Nellogir maternal bases. The coat is not indicative of the maternal base used. F1 Gir-based cows had a smaller body structure than females with Nellore genes.(AU)

Lúpus eritematoso discoide em cão / Dischoid erythematosus lupus in dog

O Lúpus Eritematoso Discoide (LED) é uma doença autoimune que causa alterações no sistema tegumentar dos animais. Ela acomete cães, gatos, equinos e humanos. Sua etiologia ainda não é bem elucidada, mas acredita-se que fatores genéticos, hormonais e ambientais possam possivelmente desencadeá-la. Essa enfermidade é caracterizada por despigmentação, eritema e descamação nas áreas acometidas, podendo em casos crônicos úlceras serem observadas. Seu diagnóstico baseia-se nos resultados obtidos na anamnese, histórico, exame físico e no exame histopatológico. Por se tratar de uma doença autoimune não há cura definitiva, ocorre apenas o controle, que para tal, pode-se utilizar drogas imunossupressoras e restrição solar. Objetiva-se com presente trabalho relatar um caso de Lúpus Eritematoso Discoide em um cão. No caso relatado o animal apresentava lesões com aspecto eritematoso, descamativo e ulcerado, na região nasal, nos lábios e gengiva, região perianal e na região abdominal caudal. O diagnóstico confirmatório da doença foi realizado por meio do exame histopatológico. Como tratamento foi instituído a corticoterapia a base de prednisolona na dose de 2mg/kg, BID, por 10 dias, posteriormente a dose foi reduzida para 1mg/kg, BID, por mais 10 dias e depois 1mg/kg, em dias alternados, também foi recomendado a restrição solar. O animal respondeu positivamente ao tratamento instituído com melhora significativa dos sinais clínicos apresentados. Contudo, deve-se salientar que a terapêutica instituída com objetivo de controle, pois conforme já foi mencionado não há cura definitiva para a enfermidade.

Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (LED) is an autoimmune disease that causes changes in the integumentary system of animals. It affects dogs, cats, horses and humans. Its etiology is still not well understood, but it is believed that genetic, hormonal and environmental factors may possibly trigger it. This disease is characterized by depigmentation, erythema and desquamation in the affected areas, and in chronic cases ulcers may be observed. Its diagnosis is based on the results obtained in the anamnesis, history, physical examination and histopathological examination. Because it is an autoimmune disease, there is no definitive cure, only control occurs, for which, immunosuppressive drugs and solar restriction can be used. The objective of this work is to report a case of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus in a dog. In the case reported, the animal presented lesions with an erythematous, scaly and ulcerated aspect, in the nasal region, on the lips and gums, perianal region and in the caudal abdominal region. The confirmatory diagnosis of the disease was performed by means of histopathological examination. As treatment, prednisolone-based corticosteroids were administered at a dose of 2mg / kg, BID, for 10 days, then the dose was reduced to 1mg / kg, BID, for another 10 days and then 1mg / kg, every other day, as well. solar restriction was recommended. The animal responded positively to the treatment instituted with a significant improvement in the clinical signs presented. However, it should be noted that the therapy instituted for the purpose of control, as as already mentioned, there is no definitive cure for the disease.

Lúpus eritematoso discoide em cão / Dischoid erythematosus lupus in dog

O Lúpus Eritematoso Discoide (LED) é uma doença autoimune que causa alterações no sistema tegumentar dos animais. Ela acomete cães, gatos, equinos e humanos. Sua etiologia ainda não é bem elucidada, mas acredita-se que fatores genéticos, hormonais e ambientais possam possivelmente desencadeá-la. Essa enfermidade é caracterizada por despigmentação, eritema e descamação nas áreas acometidas, podendo em casos crônicos úlceras serem observadas. Seu diagnóstico baseia-se nos resultados obtidos na anamnese, histórico, exame físico e no exame histopatológico. Por se tratar de uma doença autoimune não há cura definitiva, ocorre apenas o controle, que para tal, pode-se utilizar drogas imunossupressoras e restrição solar. Objetiva-se com presente trabalho relatar um caso de Lúpus Eritematoso Discoide em um cão. No caso relatado o animal apresentava lesões com aspecto eritematoso, descamativo e ulcerado, na região nasal, nos lábios e gengiva, região perianal e na região abdominal caudal. O diagnóstico confirmatório da doença foi realizado por meio do exame histopatológico. Como tratamento foi instituído a corticoterapia a base de prednisolona na dose de 2mg/kg, BID, por 10 dias, posteriormente a dose foi reduzida para 1mg/kg, BID, por mais 10 dias e depois 1mg/kg, em dias alternados, também foi recomendado a restrição solar. O animal respondeu positivamente ao tratamento instituído com melhora significativa dos sinais clínicos apresentados. Contudo, deve-se salientar que a terapêutica instituída com objetivo de controle, pois conforme já foi mencionado não há cura definitiva para a enfermidade.(AU)

Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (LED) is an autoimmune disease that causes changes in the integumentary system of animals. It affects dogs, cats, horses and humans. Its etiology is still not well understood, but it is believed that genetic, hormonal and environmental factors may possibly trigger it. This disease is characterized by depigmentation, erythema and desquamation in the affected areas, and in chronic cases ulcers may be observed. Its diagnosis is based on the results obtained in the anamnesis, history, physical examination and histopathological examination. Because it is an autoimmune disease, there is no definitive cure, only control occurs, for which, immunosuppressive drugs and solar restriction can be used. The objective of this work is to report a case of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus in a dog. In the case reported, the animal presented lesions with an erythematous, scaly and ulcerated aspect, in the nasal region, on the lips and gums, perianal region and in the caudal abdominal region. The confirmatory diagnosis of the disease was performed by means of histopathological examination. As treatment, prednisolone-based corticosteroids were administered at a dose of 2mg / kg, BID, for 10 days, then the dose was reduced to 1mg / kg, BID, for another 10 days and then 1mg / kg, every other day, as well. solar restriction was recommended. The animal responded positively to the treatment instituted with a significant improvement in the clinical signs presented. However, it should be noted that the therapy instituted for the purpose of control, as as already mentioned, there is no definitive cure for the disease.(AU)

Melanin bleaching with potassium permanganate for melanocytic lesions diagnosis in veterinary medicine / Despigmentação de melanócitos com permanganato de potássio para diagnóstico de lesões melanocíticas na medicina veterinária

The aim of this study was to microscopically re-evaluate the melanocytic lesions diagnoses established by the Animal Pathology Laboratory of the Federal University of Uberlândia, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, over a period of eleven years; in addition, to perform a comparative analysis between the conventional histopathological (CH) method and the use of the melanin bleaching (MB) technique with potassium permanganate, sulfuric acid, and oxalic acid solutions. The results of the MB method presented a disagreement in 24.32% of the diagnosis previously by CH, with low agreement (61.0%) and low Kappa coefficient (0.2267). Melanoma was the most frequent lesion, more frequent in elderly and non-breed female dogs. The most frequent melanoma location was in the cutaneous tissue. The presence or absence of a pagetoid spread in cutaneous samples, distribution of melanin, pattern of cell layout, cell morphology, degree of cellular atypia, and the number of mitoses verified after MB were the most important criteria to confirm the diagnosis of malignancy or benignity of the lesions. Evaluating pathologists considered MB to be essential for the majority of diagnoses and an efficient complementary method for the diagnosis of melanocytic lesions, even in cases with a moderate degree of pigmentation.(AU)

Este estudo objetivou reavaliar microscopicamente os diagnósticos de lesões melanocíticas estabelecidos pelo setor de Patologia Animal da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, em um período de 11 anos, e, com base nesse levantamento, realizar uma análise comparativa entre o método histopatológico convencional (HC) e o método de despigmentação de melanócitos (DM) com permanganato de potássio, ácido sulfúrico e ácido oxálico. A DM revelou discordância em 24,32% dos diagnósticos previamente estabelecidos por HC, apresentando baixa concordância (61,0%) e baixo valor de coeficiente Kappa (0,2267). A alteração mais frequente foi o melanoma, com maior ocorrência em cadelas idosas sem raça definida (SRD). A localização mais frequente dos melanomas foi cutânea. A presença ou ausência de disseminação pagetoide nos casos cutâneos, a forma de distribuição da melanina, o padrão de disposição das células, a morfologia celular, o grau de atipia celular e a quantidade de mitoses verificada após a despigmentação foram critérios de elevada importância para firmar o diagnóstico quanto à malignidade ou benignidade da lesão. A despigmentação foi considerada pelos patologistas avaliadores como essencial para o diagnóstico na maioria dos casos, o que leva a concluir que ela constitui um método complementar eficiente no diagnóstico das lesões melanocíticas, mesmo em casos com grau moderado de pigmentação.(AU)

Melanin bleaching with potassium permanganate for melanocytic lesions diagnosis in veterinary medicine / Despigmentação de melanócitos com permanganato de potássio para diagnóstico de lesões melanocíticas na medicina veterinária

The aim of this study was to microscopically re-evaluate the melanocytic lesions diagnoses established by the Animal Pathology Laboratory of the Federal University of Uberlândia, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, over a period of eleven years; in addition, to perform a comparative analysis between the conventional histopathological (CH) method and the use of the melanin bleaching (MB) technique with potassium permanganate, sulfuric acid, and oxalic acid solutions. The results of the MB method presented a disagreement in 24.32% of the diagnosis previously by CH, with low agreement (61.0%) and low Kappa coefficient (0.2267). Melanoma was the most frequent lesion, more frequent in elderly and non-breed female dogs. The most frequent melanoma location was in the cutaneous tissue. The presence or absence of a pagetoid spread in cutaneous samples, distribution of melanin, pattern of cell layout, cell morphology, degree of cellular atypia, and the number of mitoses verified after MB were the most important criteria to confirm the diagnosis of malignancy or benignity of the lesions. Evaluating pathologists considered MB to be essential for the majority of diagnoses and an efficient complementary method for the diagnosis of melanocytic lesions, even in cases with a moderate degree of pigmentation.(AU)

Este estudo objetivou reavaliar microscopicamente os diagnósticos de lesões melanocíticas estabelecidos pelo setor de Patologia Animal da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, em um período de 11 anos, e, com base nesse levantamento, realizar uma análise comparativa entre o método histopatológico convencional (HC) e o método de despigmentação de melanócitos (DM) com permanganato de potássio, ácido sulfúrico e ácido oxálico. A DM revelou discordância em 24,32% dos diagnósticos previamente estabelecidos por HC, apresentando baixa concordância (61,0%) e baixo valor de coeficiente Kappa (0,2267). A alteração mais frequente foi o melanoma, com maior ocorrência em cadelas idosas sem raça definida (SRD). A localização mais frequente dos melanomas foi cutânea. A presença ou ausência de disseminação pagetoide nos casos cutâneos, a forma de distribuição da melanina, o padrão de disposição das células, a morfologia celular, o grau de atipia celular e a quantidade de mitoses verificada após a despigmentação foram critérios de elevada importância para firmar o diagnóstico quanto à malignidade ou benignidade da lesão. A despigmentação foi considerada pelos patologistas avaliadores como essencial para o diagnóstico na maioria dos casos, o que leva a concluir que ela constitui um método complementar eficiente no diagnóstico das lesões melanocíticas, mesmo em casos com grau moderado de pigmentação.(AU)

CD45+, CD68+ and E-cadherin+ Expressions in Skin Dogs Naturally Infected by Leishmania infantum

Background: In canine leishmaniasis (CanL), infection occurs through phlebotomine vectors that inoculate the protozoan Leishmania infantum into the skin that infected macrophages and activated dendritic cells (CD). Dogs with CanL present variable clinical manifestations, being common the presence of cutaneous lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of CD45+, CD68+ and E-cadherin+  associating the skin sentinels cells and to compare the clinical-dermatological manifestations in the skin of dogs naturally infected by L. infantum.Materials, Methods & Results: Dogs infected (n = 22) by L. infantum were divided into asymptomatic group (AD, n = 9), and symptomatic group (SD, n = 13), according criteria based on the presence or absence of skin changes. Dogs non-infected (CD, n = 5) were included as control group. Samples of skin biopsies collected from scapular region were processed by routine histology and labeled by immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibodies against CD45+, CD68+ and E-cadherin+, and were described as none, mild, moderate and intense. SD presented keratoconjunctivitis, onychogryphose, lichenification, depigmentation, alopecia, hypotrichosis, erythematous dermatitis, exfoliative dermatitis, ulcerative dermatitis and crusted dermatitis, and the frequency these alterations was expressed as percentage. The results of hematological and bioch

Linfoma cutâneo em equino Quarto de Milha / Cutaneous lymphoma in a Quarter Mile horse

Background: Lymphoma, although rare, is the most common hematopoietic neoplasia in horses. The overall incidence of lymphoma is between 1.3-2.8% of all equine neoplasia and it has a prevalence of 0.002-0.5% in the equine population. Lymphoma can be classified as multicentric, alimentary, mediastinal, cutaneous and solitary. The cutaneous is the rarest form and it usually presents with multifocal skin lesions, with no other clinical signs. The diagnoses is accomplished by histopathological examination of a biopsy or cytological examination of a fine needle aspirate. The aim of the current study is to report a case of the rarest form of equine lymphoma, the cutaneous. Case: An 8-year-old equine female, Quarter Mile, was evaluated due to volumes increase and subcutaneous nodules disseminated along the body. These lesions developed gradually during 2 years. The mare was used for ridding, it was kept in the field with 10 other equines and was the only one affected. The mare was vaccinated for influenza and was negative for glanders and equine infectious anemia. During clinical exam, all vital parameters were within limits and body condition score was classified as 6 (Henneke Chart). It was observed bilateral nasal secretion and depigmentation in ocular and vulvar mucous. It was observed multiple delimited areas with size ranging from few cm up to 7 cm, hard, mobile, painless, located in the subcutaneous and disseminated in the body (including head, neck, thorax, limbs and perineum). Red blood cell, leucocytes, fibrinogen, total plasmatic protein were within normal limits. Due to clinical signs and the potential risk of a zoonosis, the glanders test was repeated (complement fixation test) and the result was negative. Differential diagnoses also included insect hypersensitive, which was discarded since the female did not presented pruritus nor alopecia, lesions gradually increased in size and no […](AU)

Linfoma cutâneo em equino Quarto de Milha / Cutaneous lymphoma in a Quarter Mile horse

Background: Lymphoma, although rare, is the most common hematopoietic neoplasia in horses. The overall incidence of lymphoma is between 1.3-2.8% of all equine neoplasia and it has a prevalence of 0.002-0.5% in the equine population. Lymphoma can be classified as multicentric, alimentary, mediastinal, cutaneous and solitary. The cutaneous is the rarest form and it usually presents with multifocal skin lesions, with no other clinical signs. The diagnoses is accomplished by histopathological examination of a biopsy or cytological examination of a fine needle aspirate. The aim of the current study is to report a case of the rarest form of equine lymphoma, the cutaneous. Case: An 8-year-old equine female, Quarter Mile, was evaluated due to volume’s increase and subcutaneous nodules disseminated along the body. These lesions developed gradually during 2 years. The mare was used for ridding, it was kept in the field with 10 other equines and was the only one affected. The mare was vaccinated for influenza and was negative for glanders and equine infectious anemia. During clinical exam, all vital parameters were within limits and body condition score was classified as 6 (Henneke Chart). It was observed bilateral nasal secretion and depigmentation in ocular and vulvar mucous. It was observed multiple delimited areas with size ranging from few cm up to 7 cm, hard, mobile, painless, located in the subcutaneous and disseminated in the body (including head, neck, thorax, limbs and perineum). Red blood cell, leucocytes, fibrinogen, total plasmatic protein were within normal limits. Due to clinical signs and the potential risk of a zoonosis, the glanders test was repeated (complement fixation test) and the result was negative. Differential diagnoses also included insect hypersensitive, which was discarded since the female did not presented pruritus nor alopecia, lesions gradually increased in size and no […]

CD45+, CD68+ and E-cadherin+ expressions in skin dogs naturally infected by Leishmania infantum

Background: In canine leishmaniasis (CanL), infection occurs through phlebotomine vectors that inoculate the protozoan Leishmania infantum into the skin that infected macrophages and activated dendritic cells (CD). Dogs with CanL present variable clinical manifestations, being common the presence of cutaneous lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of CD45+ , CD68+ and E-cadherin+ associating the skin sentinels cells and to compare the clinical-dermatological manifestations in the skin of dogs naturally infected by L. infantum. Materials, Methods & Results: Dogs infected (n = 22) by L. infantum were divided into asymptomatic group (AD, n = 9), and symptomatic group (SD, n = 13), according criteria based on the presence or absence of skin changes. Dogs non-infected (CD, n = 5) were included as control group. Samples of skin biopsies collected from scapular region were processed by routine histology and labeled by immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibodies against CD45+ , CD68+ and E-cadherin+ , and were described as none, mild, moderate and intense. SD presented keratoconjunctivitis, onychogryphose, lichenification, depigmentation, alopecia, hypotrichosis, erythematous dermatitis, exfoliative dermatitis, ulcerative dermatitis and crusted dermatitis, and the frequency these alterations was expressed as percentage. The results of hematological and [...](AU)

CD45+, CD68+ and E-cadherin+ expressions in skin dogs naturally infected by Leishmania infantum

Background: In canine leishmaniasis (CanL), infection occurs through phlebotomine vectors that inoculate the protozoan Leishmania infantum into the skin that infected macrophages and activated dendritic cells (CD). Dogs with CanL present variable clinical manifestations, being common the presence of cutaneous lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of CD45+ , CD68+ and E-cadherin+ associating the skin sentinels cells and to compare the clinical-dermatological manifestations in the skin of dogs naturally infected by L. infantum. Materials, Methods & Results: Dogs infected (n = 22) by L. infantum were divided into asymptomatic group (AD, n = 9), and symptomatic group (SD, n = 13), according criteria based on the presence or absence of skin changes. Dogs non-infected (CD, n = 5) were included as control group. Samples of skin biopsies collected from scapular region were processed by routine histology and labeled by immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibodies against CD45+ , CD68+ and E-cadherin+ , and were described as none, mild, moderate and intense. SD presented keratoconjunctivitis, onychogryphose, lichenification, depigmentation, alopecia, hypotrichosis, erythematous dermatitis, exfoliative dermatitis, ulcerative dermatitis and crusted dermatitis, and the frequency these alterations was expressed as percentage. The results of hematological and [...]

Produção de lacase de Pycnoporus sanguineus em meio de cultivo à base de melaço soja / Laccase production by Pycnoporus sanguineus in culture media with soybean molasses / Producción de lacasa de Pycnoporus sanguineus en medio de cultivo con melaza de soja

Lacases são polifenol oxidases que utilizam a capacidade redox de íons cobre para reduzir oxigênio a água e oxidar um substrato fenólico. A síntese e secreção de lacases de basidiomicetos dependem de vários fatores como os nutrientes presentes no meio de cultura. Visando à produção de lacase, Pycnoporus sanguineus foi cultivado em meio contendo melaço de soja como única fonte de carbono, ureia como fonte de nitrogênio suplementar em diferentes concentrações (0,6; 1,2; 2,4; 4,8 e 9,6 g/L de nitrogênio) e diferentes concentrações de CuSO4 (0, 150, 200, 250 e 300 µM). O extrato enzimático produzido nas melhores condições de cultivo foi utilizado para a descoloração dos corantes remazol azul brilhante R (antraquinona), amarelo 145, preto 5, vermelho 195 (azo) e verde malaquita (trifenilmetano). As concentrações de nitrogênio não afetaram a produção de lacase, exceto a maior concentração (9,6 g/L) que reduziu a atividade enzimática. A adição de cobre ao meio de cultivo (150 µM) aumentou a atividade de lacase em 112%. A maior atividade de lacase (~34300 U/L) promoveu a descoloração dos corantes remazol azul brilhante R (67,5%) e verde malaquita (28,3%) em 24h, sendo os corantes azo descoloridos apenas parcialmente. Concluiu-se que o melaço de soja é um resíduo agroindustrial adequado para produção de lacase de P. sanguineus com potencial para degradação de corantes.(AU)

Laccases are multicopper oxidases using the redox ability from copper ions to reduce oxygen to water, while oxidizing a phenolic substrate. Laccase synthesis and secretion in basidiomycetes depend on the conditions provided and on the nutrients present in the culture medium. Pycnoporus sanguineus was cultivated in medium containing soybean molasses as the sole carbon source, with urea as the source of supplemental nitrogen at different concentrations (0.6, 1.2, 2.4, 4.8 and 9.6 g/L nitrogen), and different CuSO4 concentrations (0, 150, 200, 250 and 300 µM). The enzymatic extract produced under the best cultivation conditions was used for the depigmentation of remazole brilliant blue R (anthraquinone), yellow 145, black 5, red 195 (azo) and malachite green (triphenylmethane). Nitrogen concentrations did not affect laccase production, except for the higher concentration (9.6 g/L) reducing enzymatic activity. The addition of copper to the culture medium (150 µM) increased laccase activity by 112%. The highest laccase activity (~34300 U/L) promoted the depigmentation of remazol brilliant blue R (67.5%) and malachite green (28.3%) dyes in 24 hours. Azo dyes were only partially discolored. Therefore, it can be considered that soybean molasses is an agro-industrial byproduct suitable for the production of P. sanguineus laccase with potential for dye degradation.(AU)

Lacasas son polifenoles oxidasas que utilizan la capacidad redox de iones de cobre para reducir el oxígeno del agua y oxidar un sustrato fenólico. La síntesis y secreción de lacasas de basidiomicetos dependen de las condiciones como los nutrientes presentes en el medio de cultura. Buscando la producción de lacasa, se cultivó Pycnoporus sanguineus en medio que contenía melaza de soja como única fuente de carbono, urea como fuente de nitrógeno suplementar a diferentes concentraciones (0,6, 1,2, 2,4, 4,8 y 9,6 g/L de nitrógeno) y diferentes concentraciones de CuSO4 (0, 150, 200, 250 y 300 µM). El extrato enzimático producido en mejores condiciones de cultivo ha sido utilizado para la decoloración de los colorantes remazol azul brillante R (antraquinona), amarillo 145, negro 5, rojo 195 (azoico) y verde malaquita (trifenilmetano). Las concentraciones de nitrógeno no afectaron la producción de lacasa, excepto la mayor concentración (9,6 g/L) que redujo la actividad enzimática. La adición de cobre al medio de cultivo (150 µM) aumentó la actividad de la lacasa en un 112%. La mayor actividad de lacasa (~34300 U/L) promovió la decoloración de los colorantes remazol azul brillante R (67,5%) y verde malaquita (28,3%) en 24h, siendo que los colorantes azoicos fueran parcialmente decolorados. Se concluye que la melaza de soja es un desecho agroindustrial adecuado para la producción de lacasa de P. sanguineus con potencial para degradación de colorantes.(AU)

Produção de lacase de Pycnoporus sanguineus em meio de cultivo à base de melaço soja / Laccase production by Pycnoporus sanguineus in culture media with soybean molasses / Producción de lacasa de Pycnoporus sanguineus en medio de cultivo con melaza de soja

Lacases são polifenol oxidases que utilizam a capacidade redox de íons cobre para reduzir oxigênio a água e oxidar um substrato fenólico. A síntese e secreção de lacases de basidiomicetos dependem de vários fatores como os nutrientes presentes no meio de cultura. Visando à produção de lacase, Pycnoporus sanguineus foi cultivado em meio contendo melaço de soja como única fonte de carbono, ureia como fonte de nitrogênio suplementar em diferentes concentrações (0,6; 1,2; 2,4; 4,8 e 9,6 g/L de nitrogênio) e diferentes concentrações de CuSO4 (0, 150, 200, 250 e 300 µM). O extrato enzimático produzido nas melhores condições de cultivo foi utilizado para a descoloração dos corantes remazol azul brilhante R (antraquinona), amarelo 145, preto 5, vermelho 195 (azo) e verde malaquita (trifenilmetano). As concentrações de nitrogênio não afetaram a produção de lacase, exceto a maior concentração (9,6 g/L) que reduziu a atividade enzimática. A adição de cobre ao meio de cultivo (150 µM) aumentou a atividade de lacase em 112%. A maior atividade de lacase (~34300 U/L) promoveu a descoloração dos corantes remazol azul brilhante R (67,5%) e verde malaquita (28,3%) em 24h, sendo os corantes azo descoloridos apenas parcialmente. Concluiu-se que o melaço de soja é um resíduo agroindustrial adequado para produção de lacase de P. sanguineus com potencial para degradação de corantes.

Laccases are multicopper oxidases using the redox ability from copper ions to reduce oxygen to water, while oxidizing a phenolic substrate. Laccase synthesis and secretion in basidiomycetes depend on the conditions provided and on the nutrients present in the culture medium. Pycnoporus sanguineus was cultivated in medium containing soybean molasses as the sole carbon source, with urea as the source of supplemental nitrogen at different concentrations (0.6, 1.2, 2.4, 4.8 and 9.6 g/L nitrogen), and different CuSO4 concentrations (0, 150, 200, 250 and 300 µM). The enzymatic extract produced under the best cultivation conditions was used for the depigmentation of remazole brilliant blue R (anthraquinone), yellow 145, black 5, red 195 (azo) and malachite green (triphenylmethane). Nitrogen concentrations did not affect laccase production, except for the higher concentration (9.6 g/L) reducing enzymatic activity. The addition of copper to the culture medium (150 µM) increased laccase activity by 112%. The highest laccase activity (~34300 U/L) promoted the depigmentation of remazol brilliant blue R (67.5%) and malachite green (28.3%) dyes in 24 hours. Azo dyes were only partially discolored. Therefore, it can be considered that soybean molasses is an agro-industrial byproduct suitable for the production of P. sanguineus laccase with potential for dye degradation.

Lacasas son polifenoles oxidasas que utilizan la capacidad redox de iones de cobre para reducir el oxígeno del agua y oxidar un sustrato fenólico. La síntesis y secreción de lacasas de basidiomicetos dependen de las condiciones como los nutrientes presentes en el medio de cultura. Buscando la producción de lacasa, se cultivó Pycnoporus sanguineus en medio que contenía melaza de soja como única fuente de carbono, urea como fuente de nitrógeno suplementar a diferentes concentraciones (0,6, 1,2, 2,4, 4,8 y 9,6 g/L de nitrógeno) y diferentes concentraciones de CuSO4 (0, 150, 200, 250 y 300 µM). El extrato enzimático producido en mejores condiciones de cultivo ha sido utilizado para la decoloración de los colorantes remazol azul brillante R (antraquinona), amarillo 145, negro 5, rojo 195 (azoico) y verde malaquita (trifenilmetano). Las concentraciones de nitrógeno no afectaron la producción de lacasa, excepto la mayor concentración (9,6 g/L) que redujo la actividad enzimática. La adición de cobre al medio de cultivo (150 µM) aumentó la actividad de la lacasa en un 112%. La mayor actividad de lacasa (~34300 U/L) promovió la decoloración de los colorantes remazol azul brillante R (67,5%) y verde malaquita (28,3%) en 24h, siendo que los colorantes azoicos fueran parcialmente decolorados. Se concluye que la melaza de soja es un desecho agroindustrial adecuado para la producción de lacasa de P. sanguineus con potencial para degradación de colorantes.

INQUÉRITO EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DE LEISHMANIOSE CANINA EM UM MUNICÍPIO DA REGIÃO DO RECÔNCAVO BAIANO

RESUMO VARJÃO, B. M. Inquérito epidemiológico de leishmaniose canina em um município da região do Recôncavo Baiano. 2020. 73 f. Dissertação (Mestre em Ciência Animal nos Trópicos) Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Universidade Federal da Bahia, 2020. O estado da Bahia apresenta casos de leishmaniose visceral humana (LVH) causada por Leishmania infantum, assim como relatos de infecção em animais. O Recôncavo Baiano, onde a doença é conhecidamente endêmica em humanos, até o presente momento não apresenta quantidade de estudos suficientes quanto a real situação da leishmaniose canina causada por L. infantum (LCan). Objetivou-se investigar a situação epidemiológica da doença canina no município de Muritiba, localizado no recôncavo, onde a LVH é considerada de ocorrência esporádica. Foram examinados 351 cães clinicamente e por meio de diagnóstico sorológico e molecular (PCR) a partir de amostras de aspirado de medula óssea; aspectos ambientais foram levantados e as localidades que tinham cães soropositivos registradas por georreferenciamento. Com base nos critérios do Ministério da Saúde foi considerado infectado o cão com resultados positivos no teste de triagem (TR-DPP) e no teste confirmatório (ELISA), encontrando-se uma soroprevalência de 15,7% (55/351). Nenhuma associação foi encontrada entre a soropositividade para LCan e o sexo, raça, idade e se os cães eram domiciliados. Quanto à caracterização clínica dos cães soropositivos, 72,7% (40/55) apresentavam algum sinal clínico sugestivo de LCan, como alopecia (p<0,0001), úlceras na pele (p<0,0001), onicogrifose (p<0,0001), despigmentação do focinho (p<0,0001), crostas na pele (p=0,0051) e hiperqueratose (p<0,0001), alterações oculares (p=0,0117), apatia (p=0,0007), emagrecimento (p<0,0001), mucosas hipocoradas (p=0,0015), linfonodos aumentados (p=0,0139) e esplenomegalia (p<0,0001). O método de PCR em amostras de medula óssea, realizado em 36 cães soropositivos, confirmou a presença de DNA de L. infantum em 88,8% (32/36) desses cães. Verificou-se ainda que os animais positivos não estão distribuídos uniformemente no município e que os aspectos ambientais como criação de aves e falta de saneamento básico adequado podem facilitar a manutenção do vetor na região, o que com a presença do agente oferece um risco de transmissão para os seres humanos e manutenção da infecção entre os animais gerando um potencial para endemicidade na área estudada. Os dados confirmam a ocorrência de infecção e doença canina causada por L. infantum no município de Muritiba. Palavras-Chave: Georreferenciamento. Leishmania infantum. Saúde Única. Zoonose.

ABSTRACT VARJÃO, B. M. Canine leishmaniasis epidemiological survey in a city from Recôncavo Baiano region. 2020. 73 f. Dissertation (Master in Animal Science in the Tropics) - School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - Federal University of Bahia, 2020. Bahia state presents cases of human visceral leishmaniasis (LVH) caused by Leishmania infantum, as well as reports of infection in animals. Recôncavo Baiano, where the disease is known to be endemic in humans, has not yet been studied for canine leishmaniasis caused by L. infantum (LCan). The objective was to investigate an epidemiological situation of the disease in the municipality of Muritiba, located in the recôncavo, where an LVH is considered a sporadic occurrence. 351 dogs were examined clinically and by serological and molecular diagnosis (PCR) from samples of bone marrow aspirate; environmental aspects were raised and as places that had seropositive dogs registered by georeferencing. Based on the requirements of Ministry of Health, the dog with positive results in serology a screening test (TR-DPP) and a confirmatory test (ELISA) was considered positive, found a seroprevalence of 15.7% (55/351). No association was found between seropositivity for LCan and sex, race, age and whether the dogs were domiciled. Regarding the clinical characterization of seropositive dogs, 72.7% (40/55) presented some clinical sign suggestive of LCan, such as alopecia (p <0.0001), skin ulcers (p <0.0001), onychoglyphosis (p < 0.0001), depigmentation of the dog's snout (p <0.0001), crusts on the skin (p = 0.0051) and hyperkeratosis (p <0.0001), eye changes (p = 0.0117), apathy (p = 0.0007), weight loss (p <0.0001), pale mucous membranes (p = 0.0015), enlarged lymph nodes (p = 0.0139) and splenomegaly (p <0.0001). Bone marrow PCR method performed in 36 seropositive dogs confirmed the presence of L. infantum DNA in 88.8% (32/36) of these dogs. It was also found that positive animals are not evenly distributed in the municipality and that environmental aspects such as poultry farming and the lack of basic sanitation are adequate to allow the maintenance of vectors in the region, or the presence of agents that offer a risk of transmission to humans and maintenance of infection among animals that generate an endemic potential in the studied area. The data confirm an occurrence of infection and canine disease caused by L. infantum in the municipality of Muritiba. Keywords: Georeferencing. Leishmania infantum. Single Health. Zoonosis.