Bypass ileal seguido de tiflostomia no tratamento de abdomen agudo em equino / Ileal bypass followed by tiflostomy to treat acute abdomen in a horse

Background: Equine gastrointestinal colic cases represent one of the diseases with higher morbidity and mortality. Short and long term survivals are commonly correlated with the colic causes, being considered 50 % the survival rate of horses referred to surgery because of small intestine strangulative causes. The jejuno-caecostomy technique is recommended in cases of ileum necrosis or ischemia that indicates ileum removal. The survival rate after this procedure is low, being even lower than others common terminal-terminal enteroanastomoses. This study reports a case of jejuno-caecostomy followed by tiflopexy and tiflostomy performed in a colic horse. Case: A 12-year-old mare, mangalarga breed, with a history of acute abdomen during 18 h was referred to the FZEA-USP equine hospital. According to the owner, the animal suffered previous episodes of colic that had been solved without treatment. On this occasion, the owner, without veterinary advice, had administered 10 mL of flunixin meglumine, but the animal did not show improvement. During the examination, the patient presented tachycardia, tachypnea, toxemic mucosa, a large amount of enterogastric reflux, and it was possible to observe distended small intestine during rectal palpation. The horse was referred to surgery; it was possible to identify necrosis of the ileum and 30 cm of the aboral segment of the jejunum, caused by strangulation due to a pedunculated lipoma localized in the medial band of the caecum. Latero-lateral jejuno-caecostomy was performed between the medial and dorsal bands of the caecum, using polyglactin 910, nº 2.0, potassium penicillin 30.000 IU / kg, every 6 h, gentamicin 6.6 mg / kg, every 24 h, flunixin meglumine 1.1 mg / kg, every 12 h and maintenance fluid therapy were performed post operatively. The animal had ileus and severe enterogastric reflux for five days postoperatively, showing severe signs of endotoxemia, and parenteral hydration seemed to be not enough. So it was...

Bypass ileal seguido de tiflostomia no tratamento de abdomen agudo em equino / Ileal bypass followed by tiflostomy to treat acute abdomen in a horse

Background: Equine gastrointestinal colic cases represent one of the diseases with higher morbidity and mortality. Short and long term survivals are commonly correlated with the colic causes, being considered 50 % the survival rate of horses referred to surgery because of small intestine strangulative causes. The jejuno-caecostomy technique is recommended in cases of ileum necrosis or ischemia that indicates ileum removal. The survival rate after this procedure is low, being even lower than others common terminal-terminal enteroanastomoses. This study reports a case of jejuno-caecostomy followed by tiflopexy and tiflostomy performed in a colic horse. Case: A 12-year-old mare, mangalarga breed, with a history of acute abdomen during 18 h was referred to the FZEA-USP equine hospital. According to the owner, the animal suffered previous episodes of colic that had been solved without treatment. On this occasion, the owner, without veterinary advice, had administered 10 mL of flunixin meglumine, but the animal did not show improvement. During the examination, the patient presented tachycardia, tachypnea, toxemic mucosa, a large amount of enterogastric reflux, and it was possible to observe distended small intestine during rectal palpation. The horse was referred to surgery; it was possible to identify necrosis of the ileum and 30 cm of the aboral segment of the jejunum, caused by strangulation due to a pedunculated lipoma localized in the medial band of the caecum. Latero-lateral jejuno-caecostomy was performed between the medial and dorsal bands of the caecum, using polyglactin 910, nº 2.0, potassium penicillin 30.000 IU / kg, every 6 h, gentamicin 6.6 mg / kg, every 24 h, flunixin meglumine 1.1 mg / kg, every 12 h and maintenance fluid therapy were performed post operatively. The animal had ileus and severe enterogastric reflux for five days postoperatively, showing severe signs of endotoxemia, and parenteral hydration seemed to be not enough. So it was...(AU)

Quantification by computerized morphometry of tissue levels of sulfomucins and sialomucins in diversion colitis in rats / Quantificação por morfometria computadorizada dos níveis teciduais de sulfomucinas e sialomucinas na colite de exclusão em ratos

PURPOSE: To quantify the intensity of sulfomucin and sialomucin expression in the colon mucosa, by means of computer-assisted image processing, comparing segments with and without fecal stream and correlating with the duration of fecal transit exclusion. METHODS: Forty-five Wistar rats were subjected to diversion of the fecal stream in the left colon by means of constructing a proximal colostomy and distal mucosal fistula. They were distributed randomly into three experimental groups of 15 animals, of which 10 were subjected to colon diversion (experimental subgroup) and five were only subjected to laparotomy, without colon diversion (control subgroup). The three experimental groups were formed according to the sacrifice date, which was to be performed six weeks after the surgical procedure (Group A), 12 weeks (Group B) and 18 weeks (Group C). The sulfomucin and sialomucin expression in the colon mucosa was evaluated using the histochemical technique of high iron diamine-alcian blue (HID-AB). The tissue expression was quantified for each animal, in the segments with and without fecal stream, at a location where there were four complete contiguous crypts in two random fields, with the aid of the computer-assisted image analysis software. The final value was taken to be the mean reading from the two fields selected, in the segments with and without fecal stream. To compare the expressions of the two mucin subtypes in the segments with and without fecal stream, the paired Student t test was used. To analyze variance according to duration of exclusion, ANOVA with the Newman-Keuls post-test was used, setting the significance level at 5 percent (p<0.05). RESULTS: There were significant reductions in tissue sulfomucin and sialomucin content in the colon without fecal stream, independent of the duration of exclusion considered. There was increased tissue sulfomucin content and decreased tissue sialomucin in the segments without fecal stream, ...(AU)

OBJETIVO: Quantificar, por meio de processamento de imagem assistida por computador, a intensidade de expressão de sulfomucinas e sialomucinas na mucosa cólica comparando segmentos com e sem trânsito e relacionando-a ao tempo de exclusão de trânsito fecal. MÉTODOS: Quarenta e cinco ratos Wistar machos foram submetidos à derivação do trânsito no cólon esquerdo pela confecção de colostomia proximal e fístula mucosa distal. Foram divididos de forma randomizada em três grupos experimentais de 15 animais, nos quais 10 foram submetidos à derivação do trânsito cólico (subgrupo experimental) e cinco somente a laparotomia exploradora sem desvio do trânsito fecal (subgrupo controle). Os três grupos experimentais foram formados segundo o sacrifício ter sido realizado em seis (grupo A), 12 (Grupo B) e 18 semanas (Grupo C). A avaliação da expressão de sulfomucinas e sialomucinas na mucosa cólica foi realizada pela técnica histoquímica da diamina de ferro alto alcian-blue (HID-AB). A quantificação da expressão tecidual foi determinada, para cada animal, nos segmentos com e sem trânsito, em local onde existiam quatro criptas contíguas e íntegras em dois campos aleatórios com auxílio de programa de análise de imagem assistida por computador. Adotou-se como valor final a média das leituras dos dois campos selecionados, nos segmentos providos e desprovidos de trânsito fecal. Na comparação entre a expressão dos dois subtipos de mucinas nos segmentos com e sem trânsito fecal utilizou-se o teste t de Student pareado. Para análise de variância segundo o tempo de exclusão utilizou-se o teste de ANOVA com o pós-teste de Newmann-Keuls, estabelecendo-se nível de significância de 5 por cento (p<0,05). RESULTADOS: Houve redução significante no conteúdo tecidual de sulfomucinas e sialomucinas no cólon desprovido de trânsito fecal, independente do tempo de exclusão considerado. Houve aumento no conteúdo tecidual de sulfomucinas e diminuição de sialomucinas nos segmentos ...(AU)

Alterações funcionais e histológicas das glândulas paratireóides após derivação jejuno-cólica: estudo comparativo em ratos

To study the parathyroid glands during the weigth reduction phase, 48 male Wistar rats were divided into two groups. The animals in group one, totaling 28, were submitted to jujunocolic shunts (JCS). The animals in group two, were submitted to sham operations. The histological aspects were study by optical and electronic microscopy. Parathyroid gland function was tested by serial determination of serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) level, and serum calcium, phosphate, albumin and total protein. The evolutionevaluations was carried out by weighing the animal on days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28. Serial determinations of PTH, calcium, phosphate, albumin and total protein levels were carried out prior to sacrificing the animals. The hystological studies were done after thet on days 7, 14, 21 and 28 respectively, depending on witch day the animal was submitted to JCS. The values for weights and their percentage deviations as well as the biochemical and hormonal determinations were sumitted to separate statistical analyses for each group. Group aon and two were also compared relative to the variables studied on each of the periods of sacrifice. The animals given JCS presented with progressive weight loss beginning on day 7 foward. The control animals demonstrated increasing weight gain starting on day 14. The avarage values of PTH in the rats given JCS were greater than those of control animals starting on the 7th day , although the p values were not statistically signification . P values for the serial phosphate values were statistically signification only on the 21st and the albumin values on days 14, 21 and 28. The values for serum toral proteins were statistically significant during the whole study period. The average values of calcium were smaller in the control group given JCS, although the difference was not statistically significant. The histologic findings of both groups were compared under light and electronic microscopy. The major distinction between their respective histological aspects consisted in the predominance of the dark and light principal cells in the operated group. The predominance of the dark cells occurred on the 21st day and the light cells occurred on the 28 day.

Com a finalidade de estudar as glândulas paratireóides durante a fase de redução ponderal, 48 ratos Wistar, machos, foram distribuídos em dois grupos. Os animais do Grupo1, no total de 28, foram submetidos à derivação jejuno-cólica. Os animais do Grupo2, no total de 20, foram submetidos à operação simulada. Estudaram-se, à microscopia óptica, os aspectos histológicos, e à microscopia eletrônica, os aspectos ultraestruturais. A função das glândulas paratireóides foi estudada mediante determinações séricas do Hormônio da Paratireóide - Parato-hormônio (PTH), Cálcio, Fosfato, Albumina e Proteínas Totais. Procedeu-se à avaliação da evolução ponderal e variação percentual, pesando-se os animais nos dias 7, 14, 21 e 28. A determinação sérica do PTH, Cálcio, Fosfato, Albumina e Proteínas Totais foi realizada antes dos sacrifícios e os estudados da microscopia, após os mesmos, nos 7o, 14o, 21o e 28o dias. Os valores do peso, da variação percentual e das dosagens bioquímicas e hormonais foram submetidos à análise estatística separadamente para cada grupo. Compararam-se também os Grupos 1 e 2 em relação aos valores das variáveis estudadas nos 7o, 14o, 21o e 28o dias do sacrifício. Os animais submetidos à derivação jejuno-cólica apresentaram progressiva perda ponderal demonstrada a partir do sétimo dia e os animais de controle, crescente ganho de peso a partir do 14o dia. A média dos valores das determinações séricas do PTH dos ratos submetidos à derivação jejuno-cólica foi maior do que dos animais-controle já a partir do 7o dia, embora estatisticamente significantes. Os valores séricos do fosfato só foram estatisticamente significantes no 21o dia, o da albumina no 14o, 21o e 28o dias e os das proteínas totais em todos os períodos. A média dos valores do cálcio foi menor nos animais-controle dos que nos submetidos à derivação jejuno-cólica, não sendo esse valores estatisticamente significantes. O estudo da microscopia eletrônica e óptica nos animais submetidos à derivação jejuno-cólica diferenciou dos encontrados nos animais-controle pela predominância das células principais, sendo que as células escuras predominam no 21o dia e as células claras no 28º dia.