Canine ringworm caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes - detection by SYBR-Green real-time PCR

Background: Dermatophytes, fungi of universal distribution, invade semi or fully keratinized structures, such as skin, fur/ hair and nails. The various species of dermatophytes are classified into three genera anamorphic: Microsporum, Trichophyton and Epidermophyton. The genus Epidermophyton includes only E. floccosum, that rarely affects animals. The main species responsible for the disease in dogs and cats are Microsporum canis, M. gypseum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes, which were characterized through conventional mycological methodology (microscopic examination with KOH and culture). Molecular methodologies, such as real-time PCR, can contribute to a rapid laboratory diagnosis, helping clinicians to initiate an early antifungal treatment. This case report describes a case of canine dermatophytosis due to Trichophyton mentagrophytes detected from a clinical sample by SYBR-Green real-time PCR. Case: A 8-year-old dog, rescued from the street, was referred to a private veterinary clinic in the city of Canoas, RS, Brazil, presenting generalized lymphadenomegaly, crusted lesions all over the body, generalized alopecia, signs of excoriation and epistaxis. Initially, were administered prednisone [1 mg/kg every 48 h, BID] and cephalexin [30 mg/kg, BID]. Weekly baths with benzoyl peroxide were also given. The therapy was not clinically successful. Wood's Lamp Test was negative. As a differential diagnosis, PCR for detection of Leishmania was negative. Complete blood count and serum biochemical assay were also performed. For mycological diagnosis, hair specimen was clarified and examined microscopically using 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH) for the visualization of chains of arthroconidia (ectothrix invasion of hair). The infected hair was plated onto MycoselTM Agar, incubated at 28°C for 15 days. Microscopy of hyphae/ conidia and macroscopic colony characteristics (colors and texture) were conducted for the differentiation of the species within the genus Microsporum and Trichophyton. In addition, real-time PCR was applied for direct analysis of the fungal DNA obtained from the hair sample. Microscopic examination was negative. The dermatophyte present in the hair sample was confirmed as Trichophyton mentagrophytes by culture and qPCR (melting-point analysis). The patient was treated with systemic itraconazole [10 mg/ kg SID - 90 days]. Twice-weekly application of 2.5 % miconazole and 2% chlorhexidine shampoo until complete cure. Discussion: Dermatophytosis is often listed as self-limiting infection; however, animal dermatophytosis can spread between pets, as well as a zoonotic transmission to humans. The literature on dermatophytosis indicates that Microsporum canis is the predominant etiological agent, followed by M. gypseum. Trichophyon mentagrophytes that appear in a lower percentage of isolation. The culture of hair, even with specific medium containing chloramphenicol and cyclohexamide, may present contaminating fungi, not related to dermatophytosis, which can inhibit or override the growth of dermatophytes. The use of real-time PCR provided a faster and specific diagnosis of dermatophytosis when compared to the conventional mycological methodology for detection and identification of T. mentagrophytes, which takes around 10 to 15 days for culture. It is possible to use this technique as an alternative diagnosis for dermatophytes associated to clinical hair samples of dogs.

Cutaneous pythiosis in equines in the Amazon Biome / Pitiose cutânea em equídeos no Bioma Amazônico

The study aimed to describe the clinicopathological aspects of 37 cases of pythiosis, 34 in horses and three in mules, from properties located in the Amazon biome of Pará, Brazil. The clinical signs observed in the animals were weakness, poor-to-regular nutritional status, pale mucous membranes, itching at the lesion site, and lameness when the limbs were affected. The lesions were located on the lips, nostrils, rib region, thoracic and abdominal walls, scapular, distal limbs, foreskin, perineum and udder. Macroscopically, ulcerative and granulation-tissue-like masses were observed, with fistulous tracts filled with yellowish and foul-smelling serosanguinous discharges. In the biopsy, it was possible to visualize white and firm areas with foci of yellowish necrotic material and hardened masses, called kunkers. The histopathological examination showed a pyogranulomatous inflammatory reaction with the presence of Pythium insidiosum hyphae, which were impregnated with black, confirming the diagnosis of pythiosis in equids in the Amazon biome, being the first report of the disease in mules in the region.

O trabalho objetivou descrever os aspectos clínico-patológicos de 37 casos suspeitos de pitiose, 34 em equinos e três em muares, provenientes de propriedades localizadas no Pará, bioma amazônico brasileiro. Os sinais clínicos observados nos animais eram caracterizados por debilidade, estado nutricional de ruim a regular, mucosas pálidas, prurido no local da lesão, além de claudicação quando os membros foram acometidos. As lesões eram localizadas nos lábios, narinas, região das costelas, parede torácica e abdominal, escapular, distais dos membros, prepúcio, períneo e úbere. Macroscopicamente observavam-se extensas lesões ulceradas com intensa proliferação de tecido de granulação, de bordos irregulares, com tratos fistulosos, de consistência firme, denominados de "kunkers", preenchidos com material amarelado e friável, possuindo exsudação serossanguinolenta de odor fétido. Ao exame histopatológico observou-se reação inflamatória piogranulomatosa com presença de hifas de Pythium insidiosum, as quais se impregnaram de negro, confirmando o diagnóstico de pitiose em equídeos no Bioma Amazônico, sendo o primeiro relato da doença em muares na região.

Anti-dermatophyte activity of the aqueous extracts of Thai medicinal plants

Abstract Medicinal plants have long been prescribed in Thailand for centuries. Different constituents of extracts have been used for treating of various infectious diseases. However, there is even less information available regarding the use in fungal skin infection. In order to assess traditional Thai claims about the therapeutic potential, this study is focused on exploring the anti-dermatophyte property of the plants that are currently used as traditional medicines. The potential of four different plant species were selected for investigate in vitro anti-dermatophyte activity. Ethanolic extracts of Chromolaena odorata (L.), Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.), Eclipta prostrate (Linn.), and Acorus calamus (L.). were analysed for their total phenolic content as well as total flavonoid content and were then subjected to test of their anti-dermatophyte properties using agar well diffusion method. Qualitative flavonoids and phenolics analysis of the extracts showed their biologically active constituents. Among the species examined, the result indicated that most of the extracts demonstrated anti-dermatophyte activity. In particular, A. calamus showed the highest efficacy against test organisms. The experiment confirmed the chemical constituents and efficacy of some selected plants and provides a scientific confirmation of the use of Thai plants in traditional medicine for fungal skin infections.

Resumo As plantas medicinais são prescritas há muito tempo na Tailândia, há séculos. Diferentes constituintes de extratos têm sido usados para o tratamento de várias doenças infecciosas. No entanto, existem ainda menos informações disponíveis sobre o uso em infecções fúngicas da pele. A fim de avaliar as alegações tradicionais tailandesas sobre o potencial terapêutico, este estudo está focado em explorar a propriedade antidermatófita das plantas que são usadas atualmente como medicamentos tradicionais. O potencial de quatro espécies de plantas diferentes foi selecionado para investigar a atividade antidermatófita in vitro. Extratos etanólicos de Chromolaena odorata (L.), Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.), Eclipta prostrate (Linn.) e Acorus calamus (L.) foram analisados quanto ao seu conteúdo fenólico total, bem como ao conteúdo de flavonoides totais. E então submetidos ao teste de suas propriedades antidermatófitas usando o método de difusão em ágar bem. A análise qualitativa de flavonoides e fenólicos dos extratos mostrou seus constituintes biologicamente ativos. Entre as espécies examinadas, o resultado indicou que a maioria dos extratos demonstrou atividade antidermatófita. Em particular, A. calamus mostrou a maior eficácia contra organismos de teste. O experimento confirmou os constituintes químicos e a eficácia de algumas plantas selecionadas e fornece uma confirmação científica do uso de plantas tailandesas na medicina tradicional para infecções fúngicas da pele.

Cutaneous candidiasis caused by antifungal-resistant Candida sp. strain in canine individual / Candidíase cutânea causada por cepa de Candida sp. resistente a antifúngicos em indivíduo canino

The aim of the current report is to describe a cutaneous candidiasis case affecting a canine individual treated at the University Veterinary Hospital of State University of Maranhão (UEMA), in São Luís City. The patient had three-month history of skin diseases; it had been previously subjected to several treatments based on antibiotics, corticosteroids and antifungal drugs that have failed to show clinical improvements. Dermatological assessment has indicated generalized moist dermatitis, intense skin desquamation, alopecia, pruritus and meliceric crusts along the animal's body, mainly in its dorsal region. Complementary tests, such as skin cytology and microscopy, trichogram, qualitative PCR and serology for canine visceral leishmaniasis, as well as fungal culture and antifungigram were requested based on this scenario. Serology recorded inconclusive results for leishmaniasis, whereas PCR recorded negative results in the presence of the agent's DNA. Cytology, microscopy and trichogram results have evidenced fungal infection in the assessed samples. Moreover, mycological culture and antifungigram resulted in the growth of Candida sp. specimens capable of resisting antifungal agents such as amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole and nystatin. The therapy adopted after candidiasis diagnosis confirmation comprised oral doses of manipulated ketoconazole, in combination to topical therapy with shampoo based on moisturizing formulas associated with Miconazole and Chlorhexidine (at 2%), for four weeks. After 30 days, when the adopted therapy was over, the aforementioned animal presented remission of the previously observed lesions and fully improved condition.

The aim of the current report is to describe a cutaneous candidiasis case affecting a canine individual treated at the University Veterinary Hospital of State University of Maranhão (UEMA), in São Luís City. The patient had three-month history of skin diseases; it had been previously subjected to several treatments based on antibiotics, corticosteroids and antifungal drugs that have failed to show clinical improvements. Dermatological assessment has indicated generalized moist dermatitis, intense skin desquamation, alopecia, pruritus and meliceric crusts along the animal's body, mainly in its dorsal region. Complementary tests, such as skin cytology and microscopy, trichogram, qualitative PCR and serology for canine visceral leishmaniasis, as well as fungal culture and antifungigram were requested based on this scenario. Serology recorded inconclusive results for leishmaniasis, whereas PCR recorded negative results in the presence of the agent's DNA. Cytology, microscopy and trichogram results have evidenced fungal infection in the assessed samples. Moreover, mycological culture and antifungigram resulted in the growth of Candida sp. specimens capable of resisting antifungal agents such as amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole and nystatin. The therapy adopted after candidiasis diagnosis confirmation comprised oral doses of manipulated ketoconazole, in combination to topical therapy with shampoo based on moisturizing formulas associated with Miconazole and Chlorhexidine (at 2%), for four weeks. After 30 days, when the adopted therapy was over, the aforementioned animal presented remission of the previously observed lesions and fully improved condition.

Esporotricose felina associada à dermatofitose secundária: relato de caso / Feline sporotrichosis associated with secondary dermatophytosis: case report

A esporotricose é uma doença fúngica subaguda ou crônica causada pelo complexo fúngico Sporothrix. Consiste em uma enfermidade zoonótica em que a infecção ocorre a partir da inoculação traumática do fungo em tecido cutâneo ou subcutâneo, sendo o felino doméstico o animal mais susceptível à doença. Os gatos desempenham um papel epidemiológico importante na transmissão e propagação da doença devido aos seus hábitos comportamentais e pela grande quantidade de microrganismos fúngicos que carregam em lesões cutâneas exsudativas, atuando assim como principal fonte de infecção e possuindo o maior potencial de transmissibilidade. É uma micose subnotificada e mais comumente diagnosticada no Rio de Janeiro, mas atualmente a enfermidade vem ganhando importância em diversas regiões do Brasil, onde tem sido observado um número crescente de casos em animais e seres humanos. Diante disto, o presente trabalho apresenta uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema, bem como o relato de um caso clínico de uma gata de 1 ano de idade com esporotricose e desenvolvimento secundário de outra zoonose importante para a saúde pública -a dermatofitose, com o intuito de alertar sobre a importância das infecções micóticas em felinos para a saúde única e evidenciando a importância do diagnóstico precoce e da colaboração e comprometimento do tutor para a terapêutica das enfermidades.

Sporotrichosis is a subacute or chronic fungal disease caused by the Sporothrix fungal complex. It consists of a zoonotic disease in which the infection occurs from the traumatic inoculation of the fungus in cutaneous or subcutaneous tissue, with the domestic feline being the animal most susceptible to the disease. Cats play an important epidemiological role in the transmission and spread of the disease due to their habits and the large amount of fungal microorganisms they carry in exudative skin lesions, thus acting as the main source of infection and having the greatest potential for transmissibility. It is an underreported mycosis and most commonly diagnosed in Rio de Janeiro, but the disease is currently gaining importance in several regions of Brazil, where an increasing number of cases in animals and humans have been observed. In view of this, the present work presents a bibliographic review on the subject, as well as the report of a clinical case of a one-year-old female cat with sporotrichosis and with the secondary development of another zoonosis important forpublic health - dermatophytosis, with in order to alert about the importance of mycoticinfections in felines for unique health and highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and the collaboration and commitment of the tutor for the treatment of diseases.

Anti-dermatophyte activity of the aqueous extracts of Thai medicinal plants / Atividade antidermatófita dos extratos aquosos de plantas medicinais tailandesas

Medicinal plants have long been prescribed in Thailand for centuries. Different constituents of extracts have been used for treating of various infectious diseases. However, there is even less information available regarding the use in fungal skin infection. In order to assess traditional Thai claims about the therapeutic potential, this study is focused on exploring the anti-dermatophyte property of the plants that are currently used as traditional medicines. The potential of four different plant species were selected for investigate in vitro anti-dermatophyte activity. Ethanolic extracts of Chromolaena odorata (L.), Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.), Eclipta prostrate (Linn.), and Acorus calamus (L.). were analysed for their total phenolic content as well as total flavonoid content and were then subjected to test of their anti-dermatophyte properties using agar well diffusion method. Qualitative flavonoids and phenolics analysis of the extracts showed their biologically active constituents. Among the species examined, the result indicated that most of the extracts demonstrated anti-dermatophyte activity. In particular, A. calamus showed the highest efficacy against test organisms. The experiment confirmed the chemical constituents and efficacy of some selected plants and provides a scientific confirmation of the use of Thai plants in traditional medicine for fungal skin infections.

As plantas medicinais são prescritas há muito tempo na Tailândia, há séculos. Diferentes constituintes de extratos têm sido usados para o tratamento de várias doenças infecciosas. No entanto, existem ainda menos informações disponíveis sobre o uso em infecções fúngicas da pele. A fim de avaliar as alegações tradicionais tailandesas sobre o potencial terapêutico, este estudo está focado em explorar a propriedade antidermatófita das plantas que são usadas atualmente como medicamentos tradicionais. O potencial de quatro espécies de plantas diferentes foi selecionado para investigar a atividade antidermatófita in vitro. Extratos etanólicos de Chromolaena odorata (L.), Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.), Eclipta prostrate (Linn.) e Acorus calamus (L.) foram analisados quanto ao seu conteúdo fenólico total, bem como ao conteúdo de flavonoides totais. E então submetidos ao teste de suas propriedades antidermatófitas usando o método de difusão em ágar bem. A análise qualitativa de flavonoides e fenólicos dos extratos mostrou seus constituintes biologicamente ativos. Entre as espécies examinadas, o resultado indicou que a maioria dos extratos demonstrou atividade antidermatófita. Em particular, A. calamus mostrou a maior eficácia contra organismos de teste. O experimento confirmou os constituintes químicos e a eficácia de algumas plantas selecionadas e fornece uma confirmação científica do uso de plantas tailandesas na medicina tradicional para infecções fúngicas da pele.

Phytochemical characterization and biological activities of Plectranthus barbatus Andrews / Caracterização fitoquímica e atividades biológicas de Plectranthus barbatus Andrews

Plectranthus barbatus Andrews (Lamiaceae) is widely distributed in the world and has a range of popular therapeutic indications. This work aimed to evaluate the phytochemical characterization of two leaf extracts of P. barbatus, and their antimicrobial, antineoplastic and immunomodulatory potential. After collection, herborization and obtainment of the P. barbatus aqueous extract (PBA) and acetone:water 7:3 P. barbatus organic extract (PBO), the phytochemical characterization was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The antimicrobial activity was performed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against eight bacterial strains using the microdilution test and the fungus Trichophyton rubrum by disc diffusion assay and microdilution test. Cytotoxicity was assessed by MTT and trypan blue methods in normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) at concentrations ranged between 0.1 to 100 µg.mL-1 and in neoplastic cell lines Toledo, K562, DU-145 and PANC-1 at 1, 10 and 100 µg.mL-1 . Immunomodulatory activity, was evaluated by sandwich ELISA of proinflammatory cytokines at BALB/c mice splenocytes cultures supernatant. Both extracts presented flavonoids, cinnamic derivatives, steroids and ellagic acid. PBO showed bacteriostatic activity against Acinetobacter baumannii (MIC = 250 µg.mL-1) clinical isolate and PBA fungistatic activity against Trichophyton rubrum (MIC = 800 µg.mL-1). The extracts did not exhibit toxicity to PBMCs and neoplastic cells (IC50 > 100 µg.mL-1). Additionally, PBO at 100 µg.mL-1 significantly inhibited IFN-γ and IL-17A cytokines (p = 0.03). Plectranthus barbatus is a potential candidate for therapeutic use due to its low toxicity in healthy human cells and exhibits biological activities of medical interest as bacteriostatic, fungistatic and immunomodulatory.

Plectranthus barbatus Andrews (Lamiaceae) é amplamente distribuída no mundo e com uma série de indicações terapêuticas populares. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a caracterização fitoquímica de dois extratos da folha de P. barbatus e seu potencial antimicrobiano, antineoplásico e imunomodulador. Após coleta, herborização e obtenção do extrato aquoso (PBA) e acetona: água 7: 3 (orgânico) (PBO) de P. barbatus, a caracterização fitoquímica foi realizada por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE). A atividade antimicrobiana foi realizada para determinar a concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) contra oito cepas bacterianas usando o teste de microdiluição e o fungo Trichophyton rubrum por ensaio de difusão em disco e teste de microdiluição. A citotoxicidade foi avaliada por métodos MTT e azul de tripan em células normais mononucleares do sangue periférico (CMSP) em concentrações variadas entre 0,1 a 100 µg.mL-1 e nas linhagens celulares neoplásicas Toledo, K562, DU-145 e PANC-1 em 1, 10 e 100 µg.mL-1 . A atividade imunomoduladora foi avaliada por ELISA sanduíche de citocinas pró-inflamatórias em sobrenadante de culturas de esplenócitos de camundongos BALB/c. Ambos os extratos apresentaram flavonoides, derivados cinâmicos, esteróides e ácido elágico. O PBO mostrou atividade bacteriostática contra Acinetobacter baumannii (CIM = 250 µg.mL-1) e atividade fungistática do PBA contra Trichophyton rubrum (CIM = 800 µg.mL-1). Os extratos não apresentaram toxicidade para CMSP e células neoplásicas (IC50 > 100 µg.mL-1). Além disso, o PBO a 100 µg.mL-1 inibiu significativamente as citocinas IFN-γ e IL-17A (p = 0,03). Plectranthus barbatus é um candidato potencial para uso terapêutico devido à sua baixa toxicidade em células humanas saudáveis e exibe atividade de interesse médico como bacteriostática, fungistática e imunomoduladora.

Dermatose actínica em cão: relato de caso / Actinic dermatosis in dogs: a cse report

O trabalho tem o objetivo de relatar um caso de Dermatose Actínica em cadela adulta, 8 anos apresentando pele eritematosa. Na avaliação clínica a cadela apresentou os parâmetros normais da espécie, porém devido às lesões observadas foram solicitados exames citológico e parasitológico de pele, que demonstraram a presença de bactérias (cocos), neutrófilos degenerados e fungos dermatófitos além de demodicidose. O tratamento consistiu do uso de inúmeras drogas como itraconazol, amoxicilina com clavulonato de potássio, predinisolona, Sarolaner e imunomoduladores, além de tratamento tópico com cetoconazol shampoo e creme. Geralmente, as piodermites profundas que atingem o folículo de cães e formam feridas ulceradas, causam uma inflamação crônica na pele, por conta de raios-ultravioletas do sol, ou predisposição familiar ou hipersensibilidade microbiana, ou por outras doenças e, normalmente, são reincidentes e não permitem a cura. Entretanto, nesse caso específico, o tratamento permitiu a melhora do animal (~80%).(AU)

The aim of this paper is to report a case of Actinic Dermatosis in an 8-year-old female adult female with erythematous skin. In the clinical evaluation, the animal presented normal parameters for the species, but, due to the lesions observed, cytological and parasitological skin tests were requested, which showed the presence of bacteria (cocci), degenerated neutrophils, and dermatophyte fungi, and demodicidosis. Treatment consisted of the use of numerous drugs such as itraconazole, amoxicillin with potassium clavulonate, predinisolone, Sarolaner, and immunomodulators; in addition to topical treatment with ketoconazole shampoo and cream. Generally, deep pyoderma that reach the follicle of dogs and form ulcerated wounds, cause a chronic inflammation of the skin, due to the sun's ultraviolet rays, or familial predisposition or microbial hypersensitivity, or due to other diseases and, usually, they are recurrent and do not allow healing. However, in this specific case, the treatment allowed the animal to improve (~80%).(AU)

Antifungal and antioxidant effect of the lachnophyllum ester, isolated from the essential oil of Baccharis trinervis (Lam.) Pers., against dermatophytes fungi

ABSTRACT Dermatophytes are hyaline fungi that parasitize the keratinized tissue of humans and animals causing mycotic infections. Natural products are promising molecules for the development of new antifungal drugs, due to the phenomenon of resistance and toxicity. This study reports the isolation and identification of lachnophyllum ester and evaluates its antioxidant, antifungal and modulatory activities against dermatophytes fungi. Lachnophyllum ester was obtained using a silica gel column chromatography of the essential oil from the aerial parts of Baccharis trinervis and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial activity was determined by the broth microdilution method. The modulatory activity assays were performed by the checkerboard technique using lachnophyllum ester and ketoconazole as standard. The lachnophyllum ester exhibited good antioxidant activity as measured by a -carotene/linoleic acid bleaching system, with 71.43% ± 0.01% inhibition rate. In addition, it showed antifungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum and Microsporum canis strains. In the modulatory assay, interaction between lachnophyllum ester and ketoconazole was synergistic, reducing the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the antifungal drug and modulating its antifungal action against dermatophyte strains. In conclusion, lachnophyllum ester has been shown to act as a natural antioxidant compound, as well as an antimicrobial alternative against dermatophyte fungi of the genus Trichophyton and Microsporum.

RESUMO Dermatófitos são fungos hialinos que parasitam o tecido queratinizado de humanos e animais causando infecções fúngicas. Os produtos naturais são moléculas promissoras para o desenvolvimento de novos fármacos antifúngicos, devido ao fenômeno de resistência e a toxicidade. Este estudo relata o isolamento e a identificação do éster lacnofilum e avalia sua atividade antioxidante, antifúngica e modulatória contra fungos dermatófitos. O éster lacnofilum foi obtido por cromatografia em coluna de sílica gel do óleo essencial das partes aéreas da Baccharis trinervis e analisado por cromatografia gasosa/espectrometria de massa. A atividade antimicrobiana foi determinada pelo método de microdiluição em caldo. Os ensaios de atividade modulatória foram realizados pela técnica de checkerboard, utilizando éster lacnofilum e cetoconazol como padrão. O éster lacnofilum exibiu boa atividade antioxidante, medida pelo sistema -caroteno/ácido linoléico, com taxa de inibição de 71,43% ± 0,01%. Além disso, mostrou atividade antifúngica contra as cepas de Trichophyton rubrum e Microsporum canis. No ensaio modulatório, a interação entre éster lacnofilum e cetoconazol foi sinérgica, reduzindo os valores concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) do antifúngico e modulando sua ação antifúngica contra cepas de dermatófitos. Em conclusão, o éster lacnofilum demonstrou atuar como um composto antioxidante natural, bem como uma alternativa antimicrobiana contra fungos dermatófitos do gênero Trichophyton e Microsporum.

Dermatomicose em cão causada por Curvularia sp: relato de caso / Dermatomycosis in dog caused by Curvularia sp: case report / Dermatomicosis en perro causada por Curvularia sp: reporte de caso

Las dermatomicosis son infecciones fúngicas que afectan la piel y los folículos pilosos de perros y gatos, causadas principalmente por dermatofitos, observándose principalmente en animales jóvenes e inmunosuprimidos. Clínicamente caracterizado por la presencia de lesiones alopécicas circulares, cubiertas por escamas y costras. Su asidua presencia en la clínica de pequeños animales no excluye su complejidad para completar el diagnóstico, requiriendo un abanico de pruebas complementarias, así como cultivo de hongos, examen directo y biopsia de piel, que forman parte de pruebas complementarias de extrema importancia y efectividad. ayudar en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de dermatomicosis. Los hongos del género Curvularia spp., Son no dermatofitos y se pueden encontrar con gran frecuencia en diferentes sustratos vegetales, como los saprófitos, y también pueden aislarse del suelo y del aire, provocando diversas enfermedades en animales, humanos y plantas, siendo considerados patógenos oportunistas. La falta de información sobre tal condición de la piel, así como la investigación en la clínica médica y en la rutina clínica de los animales pequeños, muestra la importancia de considerar este patógeno en casos de dermatomicosis. El presente trabajo reporta dermatomicosis en perros causada por Curvularia spp. con el objetivo de demostrar las diferentes formas de diagnóstico de dicha...

Dermatomycoses are fungal infections that affect the skin and hair follicles of dogs and cats, caused mainly by dermatophytes, being observed mainly in young and immunosuppressed animals. Clinically characterized by the presence of circular alopecic lesions, covered by scales and crusts. Its assiduous presence in the small animal clinic does not exclude its complexity to complete the diagnosis, requiring a range of complementary tests, as well as fungal culture, direct examination and skin biopsy, which are part of complementary tests of extreme importance and effectiveness, assisting in the diagnosis and treatment of dermatomycoses. Fungi of the genus Curvularia spp., Are non-dermatophytes and can be found with great frequency in different plant substrates, such as saprophytes, and can also be isolated from soil and air, causing several diseases in animals, humans and plants, being considered opportunistic pathogens. The lack of information about such a skin condition, as well as the investigation in the medical clinic and in the clinical routine of small animals, shows the importance of considering this pathogen in cases of dermatomycosis. The present work reports dermatomycosis in dogs caused by Curvularia spp. aiming to demonstrate the different forms of diagnosis for such a disease, in order to institute drug therapy aiming at beneficial results and favorable prognosis.

As dermatomicoses são infecções fúngicas que afetam a pele e os folículos pilosos de cães e gatos, causadas principalmente por dermatófitos, sendo observado principalmente em animais jovens e imunossuprimidos. Caracterizada clinicamente pela presença de lesões alopécicas circulares, encobertas por escamas e crostas. Sua presença assídua na clínica de pequenos animais, não excluí sua complexidade para concluir diagnóstico, sendo necessário uma gama de exames complementares, assim como a cultura fúngica, exame direto e biópsia de pele, que fazem parte de exames complementares de extrema importância e eficácia, auxiliando no diagnóstico e tratamento das dermatomicoses. Os fungos do gênero Curvularia spp., são não-dermatófitos e podem ser encontrados com grande frequência em diferentes substratos vegetais, como saprofíticos, podendo ainda ser isolados a partir do solo e do ar, causando diversas doenças em animais, humanos e vegetais, sendo considerados patógenos oportunistas. A falta de informação sobre tal afecção cutânea, assim como a investigação na clínica médica e na rotina clínica de pequenos animais, mostra a importância de considerar esse patógeno nos casos de dermatomicoses.  O presente trabalho relata dermatomicose em cão causada por Curvularia spp. tendo como objetivo demonstrar as diferentes formas de diagnóstico para tal enfermidade, a fim de instituir...

Dermatomicose em cão causada por Curvularia sp: relato de caso / Dermatomycosis in dog caused by Curvularia sp: case report / Dermatomicosis en perro causada por Curvularia sp: reporte de caso

Las dermatomicosis son infecciones fúngicas que afectan la piel y los folículos pilosos de perros y gatos, causadas principalmente por dermatofitos, observándose principalmente en animales jóvenes e inmunosuprimidos. Clínicamente caracterizado por la presencia de lesiones alopécicas circulares, cubiertas por escamas y costras. Su asidua presencia en la clínica de pequeños animales no excluye su complejidad para completar el diagnóstico, requiriendo un abanico de pruebas complementarias, así como cultivo de hongos, examen directo y biopsia de piel, que forman parte de pruebas complementarias de extrema importancia y efectividad. ayudar en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de dermatomicosis. Los hongos del género Curvularia spp., Son no dermatofitos y se pueden encontrar con gran frecuencia en diferentes sustratos vegetales, como los saprófitos, y también pueden aislarse del suelo y del aire, provocando diversas enfermedades en animales, humanos y plantas, siendo considerados patógenos oportunistas. La falta de información sobre tal condición de la piel, así como la investigación en la clínica médica y en la rutina clínica de los animales pequeños, muestra la importancia de considerar este patógeno en casos de dermatomicosis. El presente trabajo reporta dermatomicosis en perros causada por Curvularia spp. con el objetivo de demostrar las diferentes formas de diagnóstico de dicha...(AU)

Dermatomycoses are fungal infections that affect the skin and hair follicles of dogs and cats, caused mainly by dermatophytes, being observed mainly in young and immunosuppressed animals. Clinically characterized by the presence of circular alopecic lesions, covered by scales and crusts. Its assiduous presence in the small animal clinic does not exclude its complexity to complete the diagnosis, requiring a range of complementary tests, as well as fungal culture, direct examination and skin biopsy, which are part of complementary tests of extreme importance and effectiveness, assisting in the diagnosis and treatment of dermatomycoses. Fungi of the genus Curvularia spp., Are non-dermatophytes and can be found with great frequency in different plant substrates, such as saprophytes, and can also be isolated from soil and air, causing several diseases in animals, humans and plants, being considered opportunistic pathogens. The lack of information about such a skin condition, as well as the investigation in the medical clinic and in the clinical routine of small animals, shows the importance of considering this pathogen in cases of dermatomycosis. The present work reports dermatomycosis in dogs caused by Curvularia spp. aiming to demonstrate the different forms of diagnosis for such a disease, in order to institute drug therapy aiming at beneficial results and favorable prognosis.(AU)

As dermatomicoses são infecções fúngicas que afetam a pele e os folículos pilosos de cães e gatos, causadas principalmente por dermatófitos, sendo observado principalmente em animais jovens e imunossuprimidos. Caracterizada clinicamente pela presença de lesões alopécicas circulares, encobertas por escamas e crostas. Sua presença assídua na clínica de pequenos animais, não excluí sua complexidade para concluir diagnóstico, sendo necessário uma gama de exames complementares, assim como a cultura fúngica, exame direto e biópsia de pele, que fazem parte de exames complementares de extrema importância e eficácia, auxiliando no diagnóstico e tratamento das dermatomicoses. Os fungos do gênero Curvularia spp., são não-dermatófitos e podem ser encontrados com grande frequência em diferentes substratos vegetais, como saprofíticos, podendo ainda ser isolados a partir do solo e do ar, causando diversas doenças em animais, humanos e vegetais, sendo considerados patógenos oportunistas. A falta de informação sobre tal afecção cutânea, assim como a investigação na clínica médica e na rotina clínica de pequenos animais, mostra a importância de considerar esse patógeno nos casos de dermatomicoses.  O presente trabalho relata dermatomicose em cão causada por Curvularia spp. tendo como objetivo demonstrar as diferentes formas de diagnóstico para tal enfermidade, a fim de instituir...(AU)

Antifungal and antioxidant effect of the lachnophyllum ester, isolated from the essential oil of Baccharis trinervis (Lam. ) Pers., against dermatophytes fungi / Efeito antifúngico e antioxidante do éster lacnofilum, isolado do óleo essencial de Baccharis trinervis (Lam. ) Pers., contra fungos dermatófitos

Dermatophytes are hyaline fungi that parasitize the keratinized tissue of humans and animals causing mycotic infections. Natural products are promising molecules for the development of new antifungal drugs, due to the phenomenon of resistance and toxicity. This study reports the isolation and identification of lachnophyllum ester and evaluates its antioxidant, antifungal and modulatory activities against dermatophytes fungi. Lachnophyllum ester was obtained using a silica gel column chromatography of the essential oil from the aerial parts of Baccharis trinervis and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial activity was determined by the broth microdilution method. The modulatory activity assays were performed by the checkerboard technique using lachnophyllum ester and ketoconazole as standard. The lachnophyllum ester exhibited good antioxidant activity as measured by a β-carotene/linoleic acid bleaching system, with 71.43% ± 0.01% inhibition rate. In addition, it showed antifungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum and Microsporum canis strains. In the modulatory assay, interaction between lachnophyllum ester and ketoconazole was synergistic, reducing the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the antifungal drug and modulating its antifungal action against dermatophyte strains. In conclusion, lachnophyllum ester has been shown to act as a natural antioxidant compound, as well as an antimicrobial alternative against dermatophyte fungi of the genus Trichophyton and Microsporum.(AU)

Dermatófitos são fungos hialinos que parasitam o tecido queratinizado de humanos e animais causando infecções fúngicas. Os produtos naturais são moléculas promissoras para o desenvolvimento de novos fármacos antifúngicos, devido ao fenômeno de resistência e a toxicidade. Este estudo relata o isolamento e a identificação do éster lacnofilum e avalia sua atividade antioxidante, antifúngica e modulatória contra fungos dermatófitos. O éster lacnofilum foi obtido por cromatografia em coluna de sílica gel do óleo essencial das partes aéreas da Baccharis trinervis e analisado por cromatografia gasosa/espectrometria de massa. A atividade antimicrobiana foi determinada pelo método de microdiluição em caldo. Os ensaios de atividade modulatória foram realizados pela técnica de checkerboard, utilizando éster lacnofilum e cetoconazol como padrão. O éster lacnofilum exibiu boa atividade antioxidante, medida pelo sistema β-caroteno/ácido linoléico, com taxa de inibição de 71,43% ± 0,01%. Além disso, mostrou atividade antifúngica contra as cepas de Trichophyton rubrum e Microsporum canis. No ensaio modulatório, a interação entre éster lacnofilum e cetoconazol foi sinérgica, reduzindo os valores concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) do antifúngico e modulando sua ação antifúngica contra cepas de dermatófitos. Em conclusão, o éster lacnofilum demonstrou atuar como um composto antioxidante natural, bem como uma alternativa antimicrobiana contra fungos dermatófitos do gênero Trichophyton e Microsporum.(AU)

Dermatopatia isquêmica juvenil em um cão / Juvenile-onset ischemic dermatopathy in a dog

Background: Juvenile-onset ischemic dermatopathy is a rare dermatosis in dogs. Reports on this condition are scarce inthe literature, and its pathogenesis is poorly understood. This disease consists of a set of alterations that exhibit similarclinical and histological characteristics, and which are associated with cutaneous vasculopathic processes. Consequently,this case report describes the clinical case of a dog diagnosed with juvenile-onset ischemic dermatopathy.Case: A 9-month-old female mongrel dog exhibited significant tegumentary alterations, while other contact animals (siblingsand mother) did not. The patient history did not contain a complete record of vaccines, and included previous therapeuticfailures. A general skin examination revealed the presence of erythematous lesions containing crusts and erosions associated with extended areas with alopecia, especially in the ears, nose, and tail. Therefore, skin cytology and a parasitologicalexamination of the skin and cerumen were performed. These tests revealed the presence of neutrophilic inflammatoryprocess, bacterial inflammation, and various yeast-like structures compatible with Malassezia sp. The parasitological examination of the cerumen revealed the presence of numerous mites of the Otodectes cynotis species. Consequently, the dogreceived a treatment that included amoxicillin with potassium clavulanate, itraconazole, therapeutic baths with a shampoocontaining chlorhexidine and miconazole, and an antiparasitic medication containing sarolaner, which was administeredonce every 35 days. Thirty days later, the patient returned with a significant improvement of the lesions, except those inthe ears and tail; consequently, material from these two body areas was submitted to histopathological examination, andadditional tests were performed to allow differential diagnosis. The histopathological report indicated the existence of...

Dermatopatia isquêmica juvenil em um cão / Juvenile-onset ischemic dermatopathy in a dog

Background: Juvenile-onset ischemic dermatopathy is a rare dermatosis in dogs. Reports on this condition are scarce inthe literature, and its pathogenesis is poorly understood. This disease consists of a set of alterations that exhibit similarclinical and histological characteristics, and which are associated with cutaneous vasculopathic processes. Consequently,this case report describes the clinical case of a dog diagnosed with juvenile-onset ischemic dermatopathy.Case: A 9-month-old female mongrel dog exhibited significant tegumentary alterations, while other contact animals (siblingsand mother) did not. The patient history did not contain a complete record of vaccines, and included previous therapeuticfailures. A general skin examination revealed the presence of erythematous lesions containing crusts and erosions associated with extended areas with alopecia, especially in the ears, nose, and tail. Therefore, skin cytology and a parasitologicalexamination of the skin and cerumen were performed. These tests revealed the presence of neutrophilic inflammatoryprocess, bacterial inflammation, and various yeast-like structures compatible with Malassezia sp. The parasitological examination of the cerumen revealed the presence of numerous mites of the Otodectes cynotis species. Consequently, the dogreceived a treatment that included amoxicillin with potassium clavulanate, itraconazole, therapeutic baths with a shampoocontaining chlorhexidine and miconazole, and an antiparasitic medication containing sarolaner, which was administeredonce every 35 days. Thirty days later, the patient returned with a significant improvement of the lesions, except those inthe ears and tail; consequently, material from these two body areas was submitted to histopathological examination, andadditional tests were performed to allow differential diagnosis. The histopathological report indicated the existence of...(AU)

Fungal dermatitis by Scopulariopsis brevicaulisin Guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) / Dermatite fúngica por Scopulariopsis brevicaulis em Porquinho da Índia (Cavia porcellus)

Fungal dermatitis is classified into superficial, cutaneous and subcutaneous mycoses. However, the incidence of fungal dermatitis in small mammals is relatively low. Among rodents guinea pig the most affected specie, however it usually has an asymptomatic pattern. The present text reports an unusual case of fungal dermatitis in Caviaporcelluscaused by Scopulariopsis brevicaulis. The animal was received with complaint of alteration of coat around the neck, as well as report of incorrect feeding management. During the physical examination the presence of a dry and crusty dermatitis, negative on fluorescence test of wood. Samples of blood, skin, scabs and hair were collected for parasitic and mycological analysis. The hematological evaluation showed only a discrete eosinophilia; no ectoparasites were observed, but it was noticed the presence of Scopulariopsis brevicaulis. The animal underwent terbinafine and griseofulvin protocol, with total regression of the lesions after 30 days. S. brevicaulis is an unusual geophilic fungus causing animal mycosis, presenting more pathological reports in human mycoses, thus, representing a zoonotic potential. According to the clinical findings and results obtained from mycology assay, it was diagnosed dermatitis by Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, secondary to nutritional deficiency. The combined use of topical terbinafine with systemic griseofulvin was efficient in the treatment. Finally, it was recommended a dietary correction.

As dermatites fúngicas são classificadas em micoses superficiais, micoses cutâneas e micoses subcutâneas. No entanto, a ocorrência de dermatites fúngicas em pequenos mamíferos é incomum, sendo que entre os roedores o porquinho da Índia é a espécie mais acometida e a infecção costuma ser assintomática. O presente artigo relata um caso incomum de dermatite fúngica em Cavia porcellus causado pelo fungo Scopulariopsis brevicaulis. O animal foi atendido devido à queixa de alteração de pelagem ao redor do pescoço e erros no manejo alimentar. Durante o exame físico observou-se a presença de uma derma-tite crostosa de aparência seca, negativa no teste de fluorescência sob lâmpada de Wood para detectar dermatófitos. Foi cole-tado sangue e também amostras de pele, crostas e pelos para análise parasitária e cultivo micológico. Na avaliação hematoló-gica observou-se apenas uma eosinofilia discreta, no parasitológico não foram observados ectoparasitas. No cultivo micológico foi isolado Scopulariopsis brevicaulis. O animal foi tratado com terbinafina e griseofulvina havendo regressão total das lesões após 30 dias de terapia antifúngica. S. brevicaulis é um fungo geofílico incomum em casos de micose em animais, sendo mais relatado em micoses humanas e havendo um potencial zoonótico. Assim, baseado nos achados clínicos e exames laboratoriais concluiu-se que o caso se tratava de uma dermatite fúngica causada por Scopulariopsis brevicaulis secundária a deficiência nutri-cional, sendo que o uso combinado de terbinafina tópica com a griseofulvina sistêmica foi eficiente no tratamento em com-binação com a correção da dieta alimentar.

Fungal dermatitis by Scopulariopsis brevicaulisin Guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) / Dermatite fúngica por Scopulariopsis brevicaulis em Porquinho da Índia (Cavia porcellus)

Fungal dermatitis is classified into superficial, cutaneous and subcutaneous mycoses. However, the incidence of fungal dermatitis in small mammals is relatively low. Among rodents guinea pig the most affected specie, however it usually has an asymptomatic pattern. The present text reports an unusual case of fungal dermatitis in Caviaporcelluscaused by Scopulariopsis brevicaulis. The animal was received with complaint of alteration of coat around the neck, as well as report of incorrect feeding management. During the physical examination the presence of a dry and crusty dermatitis, negative on fluorescence test of wood. Samples of blood, skin, scabs and hair were collected for parasitic and mycological analysis. The hematological evaluation showed only a discrete eosinophilia; no ectoparasites were observed, but it was noticed the presence of Scopulariopsis brevicaulis. The animal underwent terbinafine and griseofulvin protocol, with total regression of the lesions after 30 days. S. brevicaulis is an unusual geophilic fungus causing animal mycosis, presenting more pathological reports in human mycoses, thus, representing a zoonotic potential. According to the clinical findings and results obtained from mycology assay, it was diagnosed dermatitis by Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, secondary to nutritional deficiency. The combined use of topical terbinafine with systemic griseofulvin was efficient in the treatment. Finally, it was recommended a dietary correction.(AU)

As dermatites fúngicas são classificadas em micoses superficiais, micoses cutâneas e micoses subcutâneas. No entanto, a ocorrência de dermatites fúngicas em pequenos mamíferos é incomum, sendo que entre os roedores o porquinho da Índia é a espécie mais acometida e a infecção costuma ser assintomática. O presente artigo relata um caso incomum de dermatite fúngica em Cavia porcellus causado pelo fungo Scopulariopsis brevicaulis. O animal foi atendido devido à queixa de alteração de pelagem ao redor do pescoço e erros no manejo alimentar. Durante o exame físico observou-se a presença de uma derma-tite crostosa de aparência seca, negativa no teste de fluorescência sob lâmpada de Wood para detectar dermatófitos. Foi cole-tado sangue e também amostras de pele, crostas e pelos para análise parasitária e cultivo micológico. Na avaliação hematoló-gica observou-se apenas uma eosinofilia discreta, no parasitológico não foram observados ectoparasitas. No cultivo micológico foi isolado Scopulariopsis brevicaulis. O animal foi tratado com terbinafina e griseofulvina havendo regressão total das lesões após 30 dias de terapia antifúngica. S. brevicaulis é um fungo geofílico incomum em casos de micose em animais, sendo mais relatado em micoses humanas e havendo um potencial zoonótico. Assim, baseado nos achados clínicos e exames laboratoriais concluiu-se que o caso se tratava de uma dermatite fúngica causada por Scopulariopsis brevicaulis secundária a deficiência nutri-cional, sendo que o uso combinado de terbinafina tópica com a griseofulvina sistêmica foi eficiente no tratamento em com-binação com a correção da dieta alimentar.(AU)

Dermatofitose em cães e gatos: aspectos clínicos, diagnóstico e tratamento / Dermatophytosis in dogs and cats: clinical, diagnosis and treatment aspects / Dermatofitosis en perros y gatos: aspectos clínicos, diagnóstico y tratamiento

La dermatofitosis es una dermatopatía caracterizada por una infección superficial de la piel que comúnmente afecta a perros, gatos y otros animales domésticos. Existen más de 30 especies de dermatofitos reconocidos, que se clasifican en 3 géneros anamórficos: Microsporum, Trichophyton y Epidermophyton. A partir de esta información, el objetivo de esta revisión fue caracterizar los principales agentes causantes de la dermatofitosis en perros y gatos, así como sus implicaciones clínicas, diagnóstico y tratamiento. Así, luego de analizar la literatura, se pudo notar que la dermatofitosis es una enfermedad infecciosa de la piel frecuentemente detectada en la clínica de pequeños animales y su principal agente causal es el hongo Microsporum canis. Los signos clínicos son variables e implican principalmente alopecia, descamación y costras, que pueden ser focales, multifocales o generalizadas. El diagnóstico de dermatofitosis se puede realizar clínicamente, pero está indicado realizar cultivo micológico. Finalmente, el tratamiento más adecuado incluye el uso concomitante y asociado de antifúngicos tópicos y sistémicos.

Dermatophytosis is a dermatopathy characterized by a superficial infection of the skin that commonly affects dogs, cats and other domestic animals. There are more than 30 species of recognized dermatophytes, being classified into 3 anamorphic genera: Microsporum, Trichophyton and Epidermophyton. Based on this information, the objective of this review was to characterize the main causative agents of dermatophytosis in dogs and cats, as well as their clinical implications, diagnosis and treatment. Thus, after analyzing the literature, it was possible to notice that dermatophytosis is an infectious skin disease frequently detected in the clinic of small animals and its main causative agent is the fungus Microsporum canis. Clinical signs are variable and mainly involve alopecia, peeling and scabs, which can be focal, multifocal or generalized. The diagnosis of dermatophytosis can be made clinically, but it is indicated to perform mycological culture. Finally, the most suitable treatment includes the concomitant and associated use of topical and systemic antifungals.

A dermatofitose é uma dermatopatia caracterizada por uma infecção superficial da pele que comumente acomete cães, gatos e outros animais domésticos. Existem mais de 30 espécies de dermatófitos reconhecidas, sendo classificadas em 3 gêneros anamórficos: Microsporum, Trichophyton e Epidermophyton. Com base nessas informações, o objetivo nesta revisão foi caracterizar os principais agentes causadores de dermatofitoses em cães e gatos, bem como suas implicações clínicas, diagnóstico e tratamento. Assim, após a análise da literatura foi possível perceber que a dermatofitose é uma doença de pele infecciosa frequentemente detectada na clínica de pequenos animais e tem como principal agente causador o fungo Microsporum canis. Os sinais clínicos são variáveis e principalmente envolvem alopecia, descamação e crostas, que podem ser focais, multifocais ou generalizadas. O diagnóstico da dermatofitose pode ser feito clinicamente, mas é indicado realizar cultura micológica. Por fim, o tratamento mais indicado inclui o uso concomitante e associado de antifúngicos tópicos e sistêmicos.

Fungos filamentosos isolados da pelagem de coelhos e porquinhos-da-índia clinicamente saudáveis na cidade de Salvador / Bahia, Brasil / Filamentous fungi isolated from the coat of clinically healthy rabbits and guinea pigs in the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

Fungos zoonóticos associados aos tecidos dos animais domésticos são potenciais riscos à saúde pública. O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar os principais fungos filamentosos associados ao pelo de coelhos (Oryctolagus cuniculus) e porquinhos-da-índia (Cavia porcellus) clinicamente saudáveis da cidade de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. As amostras de pelo foram coletadas de 18 porquinhos-da-índia e 6 coelhos domiciliados, de juvenis à adultos e oriundos de diferentes residências. As coletas foram decorrentes da região dorsal, ventral e caudal a pina da orelha, por meio da técnica de arrancamento do pelo manualmente. O cultivo foi realizado em meio Dermatobac® de acordo com a rotina laboratorial. Os fungos isolados nos porquinhos-da-índia foram o Tricophyton mentagrophytes (66,6%), o Aspergillus spp. (44,4%), o Penicillium spp. (5,5%), o Mucor spp. (5,5%) e o Litcheimia (5,5%); e em coelhos Tricophyton mentagrophytes (50%), Curvularia spp. (50%), Penicillium spp. (11,1%) e Aspergillus spp. (11,1%). Todos os fungos observados possuem potencial zoonótico, o que deve ser considerado como critério de avaliação à saúde pública e para criação por contactantes imunocomprometidos.

Zoonotic fungi associated with tissues of domestic animals are potential risks to public health. The objective of this work was to identify the main filamentous fungi associated with the hair of clinically healthy rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) in the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The hair samples were collected from 18 guinea pigs and 6 domiciled rabbits, from juveniles to adults and from different homes. Samples were collected from the dorsal, ventral and caudal of the ear tip, using the technique of manual plucking. Cultivation was performed in Dermatobac® medium according to the laboratory routine. The fungi isolated from guinea pigs were Tricophyton mentagrophytes (66.6%), Aspergillus spp. (44.4%), Penicillium spp. (5.5%), Mucor spp. (5.5%) and Litcheimia (5.5%); and in rabbits Tricophyton mentagrophytes (50%), Curvularia spp. (50%), Penicillium spp. (11.1%) and Aspergillus spp. (11.1%). All fungi isolated have zoonotic potential, which should be considered as a criterion for assessing public health and for breeding by immunocompromised contacts.

Dermatofitose em cães e gatos: aspectos clínicos, diagnóstico e tratamento / Dermatophytosis in dogs and cats: clinical, diagnosis and treatment aspects / Dermatofitosis en perros y gatos: aspectos clínicos, diagnóstico y tratamiento

La dermatofitosis es una dermatopatía caracterizada por una infección superficial de la piel que comúnmente afecta a perros, gatos y otros animales domésticos. Existen más de 30 especies de dermatofitos reconocidos, que se clasifican en 3 géneros anamórficos: Microsporum, Trichophyton y Epidermophyton. A partir de esta información, el objetivo de esta revisión fue caracterizar los principales agentes causantes de la dermatofitosis en perros y gatos, así como sus implicaciones clínicas, diagnóstico y tratamiento. Así, luego de analizar la literatura, se pudo notar que la dermatofitosis es una enfermedad infecciosa de la piel frecuentemente detectada en la clínica de pequeños animales y su principal agente causal es el hongo Microsporum canis. Los signos clínicos son variables e implican principalmente alopecia, descamación y costras, que pueden ser focales, multifocales o generalizadas. El diagnóstico de dermatofitosis se puede realizar clínicamente, pero está indicado realizar cultivo micológico. Finalmente, el tratamiento más adecuado incluye el uso concomitante y asociado de antifúngicos tópicos y sistémicos.(AU)

Dermatophytosis is a dermatopathy characterized by a superficial infection of the skin that commonly affects dogs, cats and other domestic animals. There are more than 30 species of recognized dermatophytes, being classified into 3 anamorphic genera: Microsporum, Trichophyton and Epidermophyton. Based on this information, the objective of this review was to characterize the main causative agents of dermatophytosis in dogs and cats, as well as their clinical implications, diagnosis and treatment. Thus, after analyzing the literature, it was possible to notice that dermatophytosis is an infectious skin disease frequently detected in the clinic of small animals and its main causative agent is the fungus Microsporum canis. Clinical signs are variable and mainly involve alopecia, peeling and scabs, which can be focal, multifocal or generalized. The diagnosis of dermatophytosis can be made clinically, but it is indicated to perform mycological culture. Finally, the most suitable treatment includes the concomitant and associated use of topical and systemic antifungals.(AU)

A dermatofitose é uma dermatopatia caracterizada por uma infecção superficial da pele que comumente acomete cães, gatos e outros animais domésticos. Existem mais de 30 espécies de dermatófitos reconhecidas, sendo classificadas em 3 gêneros anamórficos: Microsporum, Trichophyton e Epidermophyton. Com base nessas informações, o objetivo nesta revisão foi caracterizar os principais agentes causadores de dermatofitoses em cães e gatos, bem como suas implicações clínicas, diagnóstico e tratamento. Assim, após a análise da literatura foi possível perceber que a dermatofitose é uma doença de pele infecciosa frequentemente detectada na clínica de pequenos animais e tem como principal agente causador o fungo Microsporum canis. Os sinais clínicos são variáveis e principalmente envolvem alopecia, descamação e crostas, que podem ser focais, multifocais ou generalizadas. O diagnóstico da dermatofitose pode ser feito clinicamente, mas é indicado realizar cultura micológica. Por fim, o tratamento mais indicado inclui o uso concomitante e associado de antifúngicos tópicos e sistêmicos.(AU)

Frequência das doenças de pele não tumorais em cães no município de João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil (2014-2016) / [Frequency of non tumor skin diseases in dogs in the city of João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil (2014-2016)]

Diante da carência de estudos sobre a frequência de dermatopatias que acometem cães por região geográfica no Brasil, o presente estudo objetivou conhecer a frequência das principais doenças cutâneas que afetam cães na região metropolitana de João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados de cães que passaram por atendimento dermatológico no período de setembro de 2014 a dezembro de 2016. Além dos exames clínicos e dermatológicos os cães foram submetidos a exames complementares (citológico, raspado de pele, parasitológico, tricograma, bacteriológico, micológico, histopatológico e molecular). No período do estudo, foram atendidos 1.083 cães, em que 18,65% (202/1.083) apresentavam algum tipo de dermatopatia não tumoral. Dos 202 cães acometidos, 51,49% (104/202) eram machos e 48,51% (98/202), fêmeas. Desses 202 cães, 13 tinham dois diagnósticos, totalizando 215 dermatopatias. Dos cães afetados, 62,87% (127/202) eram de raça definida e 37,13% (75/202), sem raça definida (SRD). As lesões observadas com mais frequência caracterizaram-se por áreas alopécicas, hipotricoicas, maculosas, erosivas e ulcerativas, placoides, eritematosas, assim como comedões, colaretes, seborreia. As dermatopatias parasitárias foram as mais frequentes (35,35%; 76/215), seguidas pelas dermatopatias bacterianas (24,19%; 52/215), dermatopatias alérgicas (20,00%; 43/215), dermatopatias fúngicas (17,21%; 37/215), dermatopatias por outras causas (2,32%; 5/215) e pelas dermatopatias autoimunes (0,93%; 2/215). Os exames físicos e dermatológicos, incluindo anamnese detalhada, histórico clínico apurado, associado a exames complementares, são ferramentas importantes para o diagnóstico das dermatopatias em cães. Presume-se que a frequência de dermatopatias em cães na região de estudo possa ser maior do que a observada.(AU)

Faced with the lack of studies on the frequency of dermatopathies that affect dogs by geographical region in Brazil, the present study aimed to evaluate the frequency of dermatopathies that affect the canine species in the metropolitan region of João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. Data was collected from dogs that underwent dermatological care from September 2014 to December 2016. In addition to the clinical and dermatological examinations, dogs underwent complementary exams, such as cytological, skin scraping, parasitological skin examination, trichogram, bacteriological, mycological, histopathological and/or polymerase chain reaction. During the study period, 1,083 dogs were examined, in which 18.65% (202 /1,083) had some form of non-tumoral dermatopathy. Of the 202 dogs affected, 51.49% (104/202) were males and 48.51% (98/202) females. Of these 202 dogs, thirteen had two diagnoses, totaling 215 dermatopathies. 62.87% (127/202) of the affected dogs were purebred and 37.13% (75/202) were without a defined breed (WDB). The most frequently observed lesions were alopecia, hypotric, macular, erosive and ulcerative, placoid, erythematous areas, as well as comedones, collaretes and seborrhoea. The parasitic dermatopathies were the most frequent (35.35%; 76/215), followed by bacterial dermatopathies (24,19%; 52/215), allergic dermatopathies (20,00%; 43/215), dermatomycosis (17,21%; 37/215), dermatopathies for other causes (2,32%; 5/215) and autoimmune dermatopathies (0.93%; 2/215). Clinical and dermatological examination, including a detailed anamnesis, accurate clinical history and associated complementary exams are important tools for the diagnosis of dermatopathies in dogs. Available literature present some studies with canine dermatopathies frequencies superior to that obtained in the present study; however, the number of animals examined was smaller. In this survey, it was possible to establish the primary and secondary diagnoses in 100.0% of the non-tumoral dermatopathies in dogs, results higher than in previous studies. Probably, the frequency of canine dermatopathies in this region is higher than that observed, thus requiring additional studies with greater sampling.(AU)