Ebola: uma ameaça à Saúde Pública e à fauna silvestre / Ebola: a threat to public health and wildlife

Este artigo de revisão sumariza conhecimentos sobre a sintomatologia, patogenia, fatores epidemiológicos para algumas espécies da fauna silvestre acometidas pela virose, lista espécies silvestres vulneráveis à doença do vírus Ebola (EVD) e espécies de animais domésticos não vulveráveis, evidencia o uso de modelos animais para estudos objetivando a defesa de humanos e de animais contra essa doença e destaca a ameaça à saúde dos animais silvestres representada pela EVD.(AU)

This review article summarizes knowledge about the symptomatology, pathogenesis, epidemiological factors for some wildlife species affected by the virus, lists wild species vulnerable to Ebola virus disease (EVD) and non-vulverable species of domestic animals, highlights the use of animal models for studies aimed at the defense of humans and animals against this disease and highlights the threat to the health of wild animals represented by the EVD.(AU)

Post-exposure treatment of Ebola virus using passive immunotherapy: proposal for a new strategy

Background Better treatments are urgently needed for the management of Ebola virus epidemics in Equatorial Africa. Methods We conducted a systematic review of the literature on the use of passive immunotherapy for the treatment or prevention of Ebola virus disease. We placed findings from this review into the context of passive immunotherapy currently used for venom-induced disease, and recent improvements in manufacturing of polyvalent antivenom products. Results Passive immunotherapy appears to be one of the most promising specific treatments for Ebola. However, its potential has been incompletely evaluated, considering the overall experience and recent improvement of immunotherapy. Development and use of heterologous serum derivatives could protect people exposed to Ebola viruses with reasonable cost and logistics. Conclusion Hyperimmune equine IgG fragments and purified polyclonal whole IgG deserve further consideration as treatment for exposure to the Ebola virus.(AU)

Outbreaks of Ebola virus disease in Africa: the beginnings of a tragic saga

The tremendous outbreak of Ebola virus disease occurring in West Africa since the end of 2013 surprises by its remoteness from previous epidemics and dramatic extent. This review aims to describe the 27 manifestations of Ebola virus that arose after its discovery in 1976. It provides an update on research on the ecology of Ebola viruses, modes of contamination and human transmission of the disease that are mainly linked to close contact with an infected animal or a patient suffering from the disease. The recommendations to contain the epidemic and challenges to achieve it are reminded.(AU)

Outbreaks of Ebola virus disease in Africa: the beginnings of a tragic saga

The tremendous outbreak of Ebola virus disease occurring in West Africa since the end of 2013 surprises by its remoteness from previous epidemics and dramatic extent. This review aims to describe the 27 manifestations of Ebola virus that arose after its discovery in 1976. It provides an update on research on the ecology of Ebola viruses, modes of contamination and human transmission of the disease that are mainly linked to close contact with an infected animal or a patient suffering from the disease. The recommendations to contain the epidemic and challenges to achieve it are reminded.

Tema: enfermedades víricas de Ebola-Marburg / Topic: Ebola virus disease-Marburg

La enfermedad Marburg ha sido identificada en cinco ocasiones: en 1967,31 persona (7 defunciones) en Ia República Federal de Alemania y en Yugoeslavia contrajeron Ia infección después de estar en contacto con monos verdes africanos de Uganda; en 1975, tres casos diagnosticados y fallecidos en Sudáfrica provino de Zimbabwe; en 1980 surgieron dos casos confirmados en Kenya, uno de ellos mortal y en 1982 hubo un caso en Zimbabwe y en 1987 otro caso mortal en Kenya. (AU)

Investigating and combatting the key drivers of viral zoonoses in Africa: an analysis of eight epidemics / Investigar e combater os principais promotores de zoonoses virais na África: uma análise de oito epidemias

Investigating the interplay of factors that result in a viral zoonotic outbreak is difficult, though it is increasingly important. As anthropogenic influences shift the delicate balance of ecosystems, new zoonoses emerge in humans. Sub-Saharan Africa is a notable hotspot for zoonotic disease due to abundant competent mammalian reservoir hosts. Furthermore, poverty, corruption, and an overreliance on natural resources play considerable roles in depleting biological resources, exacerbating the population's susceptibility. Unsurprisingly, viral zoonoses have emerged in Africa, including HIV/AIDS, Ebola, Avian influenza, Lassa fever, Zika, and Monkeypox. These diseases are among the principal causes of death in endemic areas. Though typically distinct in their manifestations, viral zoonoses are connected by underlying, definitive factors. This review summarises vital findings on viral zoonoses in Africa using nine notable case studies as a benchmark for future studies. We discuss the importance of ecological recuperation and protection as a central strategy to control zoonotic diseases. Emphasis was made on moderating key drivers of zoonotic diseases to forestall future pandemics. This is in conjunction with attempts to redirect efforts from reactive to pre-emptive through a multidisciplinary "one health" approach.

Investigar a interação de fatores que resultam em um surto zoonótico viral é difícil, embora seja cada vez mais relevante. À medida que as influências antropogênicas mudam o delicado equilíbrio dos ecossistemas, novas zoonoses surgem em humanos. A África Subsaariana é um ponto crítico notável para doenças zoonóticas devido a abundantes reservatórios mamíferos competentes. Além disso, a pobreza, a corrupção e o excesso de confiança nos recursos naturais desempenham papéis consideráveis no esgotamento dos recursos biológicos, exacerbando a suscetibilidade da população. Sem surpresa, zoonoses virais surgiram na África, incluindo HIV/AIDS, Ebola, gripe aviária, febre de lassa, zika e varíola dos macacos. Essas doenças estão entre as principais causas de morte em áreas endêmicas. Apesar de serem tipicamente distintas em suas manifestações, as zoonoses virais estão conectadas por fatores subjacentes e definitivos. Esta revisão resume descobertas vitais sobre zoonoses virais na África usando nove estudos de caso notáveis como referência para estudos futuros. Discutimos a importância da recuperação e proteção ecológica como estratégia central para o controle de doenças zoonóticas. Foi dada ênfase à moderação dos principais impulsionadores de doenças zoonóticas para prevenir futuras pandemias. Isso ocorre em conjunto com tentativas de redirecionar os esforços de reativos para preventivos por meio de uma abordagem multidisciplinar de "uma só saúde".