Megaureter gigante por ectopia ureteral intramural em cadela / Giant megaureter by intramural ureteral etopia in a bitch

Background: The urinary tract is composed by kidneys, urinary bladder and urethra. The kidneys produce urine that achieve urinary bladder by ureters. These have the origin in the renal pelvis, run through the retroperitoneum, end up at the dorsolateral superficies of the urinary bladder, and empty at the trigone. Ureters abnormalities are the rarest congenital defects in the canine urinary tract and ureteroceles are cystic dilatations of the distal segment of the ureter that could be associated to partial or complete urinary obstructions and could lead to megaureter and hydronephrosis. So, the aim of the present study was to describe a case of megaureter by intramural ureteral ectopia in a bitch. Case: A 1-year-old-and-8-month bitch Akita, weighing 18 kg, was referred to the Uniube Veterinary Hospital with vaginal secretion, prostration, hypodipsia, hyporexia and pyrexia related by the tutor. On physical examination, an increase in vulva volume and a vaginal discharge were observed. Nevertheless, others physical exams, blood count and biochemical tests were considered to be within normal parameters. Urinalysis showed cloudy aspect, proteinuria, occult blood, erythrocytes, pyuria, leucocytes, and discreet presence of bacteria. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a megaureter with right uterocele and excretory urography showed absence of glomerular filtration by right kidney. The patient was submitted to surgery for right kidney and ureter exeresis. Histopathology evaluation showed intense dilation of the ureter and severe multifocal renal fibrosis. The surgery was well succeeded, and the patient recovered completely. Discussion: Once megaureter are associated with congenital abnormalities like ectopic ureter and ureterocele, it is usually diagnosed in young patients with medium age of 10 months, which is below the age of the patient in this case report. Additionally, in the patient here reported, the unilateral alteration could explain the absence of kidney fail symptoms. In more than 90% of the cases, the ureteral ectopia was associated with multiple anomalies in the urinary tract, as was observed in this patient, that presented besides ectopic ureter, ureterocele, megaureter and renal dystrophy. All these morphological alterations made impossible the complete urine elimination, which predispose to urinary tract infection, that was observed in this report. According to literature, urinary tract anomalies are associated with infection in 64 to 85% and 50% of the cases also present hydronephrosis and hydroureter. It was also described that ureteral ectopia is diagnosed by visualization of hydroureter in abdominal ultrasonography. The findings present in this report differs a little, once the right kidney was atrophic possibly by malformation or even so by a chronic renal lesion due to the difficulty in urine flow. The excretory urography showed no filtration in the right kidney, indicating non-functionality that was confirmed by histopathology, in which was observed small glomerulus and large amount of connective tissue deposition. In cases of unilateral megaureter with ipsilateral kidney commitment, there is indication of nephroureterectomy, that was performed in the patient of the present report. As far as we know, this is the first report of megaureter, ureterocele and ectopia ureteral together in the same patient. In conclusion, the procedure was secure, efficient and promote a better quality of life for the patient and prevent the recurrence of urinary tract infections.

Ultrasound and excretory urography findings in the diagnostic of congenital renal ectopy of a dog / Achados de ultrassonografia e urografia excretora no diagnóstico de ectopia renal congênita em um cão

Renal ectopy is a rare condition in small animals, characterized by abnormal positioning of one or both kidneys. It is classified as simple or crossed and, according to its localization, being diagnosed in an incidental way in pets because of its nonspecific and many times asymptomatic clinical presentation. Imaging exams such as ultrasound, radiography, and excretory urography may close the diagnosis. This paper reports a case of simple, unilateral, renal ectopy, in a three-year-old male Lhasa Apso dog, with no clinical or laboratory findings consistent with renal disease, in which the ectopic condition, together with shape, rotation, and vascular abnormalities, were incidental findings during abdominal ultrasound examination.

A ectopia renal é uma condição rara em pequenos animais, caracterizada pelo posicionamento anormal de um ou ambos os rins. É classificada como simples ou cruzada e de acordo com a sua localização, sendo diagnosticada de forma inci-dental nos animais de companhia em decorrência de sua apresentação clínica inespecífica e muitas vezes assintomática. Os exa-mes de imagem como ultrassonografia, radiografia e urografia excretora podem fechar o diagnóstico. Esse trabalho relata um caso de ectopia renal simples e unilateral em um cão macho da raça Lhasa Apso de três anos de idade, sem apresentações clí-nicas e laboratoriais condizentes de doença renal, no qual o rim ectópico associado a anomalias de forma, rotação e vasculares foram achados incidentais durante o exame ultrassonográfico abdominal.

Ultrasound and excretory urography findings in the diagnostic of congenital renal ectopy of a dog / Achados de ultrassonografia e urografia excretora no diagnóstico de ectopia renal congênita em um cão

Renal ectopy is a rare condition in small animals, characterized by abnormal positioning of one or both kidneys. It is classified as simple or crossed and, according to its localization, being diagnosed in an incidental way in pets because of its nonspecific and many times asymptomatic clinical presentation. Imaging exams such as ultrasound, radiography, and excretory urography may close the diagnosis. This paper reports a case of simple, unilateral, renal ectopy, in a three-year-old male Lhasa Apso dog, with no clinical or laboratory findings consistent with renal disease, in which the ectopic condition, together with shape, rotation, and vascular abnormalities, were incidental findings during abdominal ultrasound examination.(AU)

A ectopia renal é uma condição rara em pequenos animais, caracterizada pelo posicionamento anormal de um ou ambos os rins. É classificada como simples ou cruzada e de acordo com a sua localização, sendo diagnosticada de forma inci-dental nos animais de companhia em decorrência de sua apresentação clínica inespecífica e muitas vezes assintomática. Os exa-mes de imagem como ultrassonografia, radiografia e urografia excretora podem fechar o diagnóstico. Esse trabalho relata um caso de ectopia renal simples e unilateral em um cão macho da raça Lhasa Apso de três anos de idade, sem apresentações clí-nicas e laboratoriais condizentes de doença renal, no qual o rim ectópico associado a anomalias de forma, rotação e vasculares foram achados incidentais durante o exame ultrassonográfico abdominal.(AU)

Surgical correction of bilateral ectopic ureter using the neoureterocystostomy technique / Correção cirúrgica de ureter ectópico bilateral utilizando a técnica de neoureterocistostomia

Ureteral ectopy is a rare disorder in the small animals' clinic. It is characterized as a congenital anomaly, resulting from the ducts differentiation failure during embryogenesis. In this scenario, the ureters present themselves outside the anatomical site, being inserted into the uterus, urethra, urinary vesicle neck, or vagina. The clinical signs are urinary incontinence and perivulvar dermatitis. Surgery is the accepted treatment to correct the anomaly. The surgical procedure is based on relocating the ectopic ureter and treating associated modifications. This report describes a case of intramural bilateral ureteral ectopy, corrected surgically through the neoureterocystostomy technique, making it possible to control the animal's urinary incontinence.(AU)

A ectopia ureteral é uma afecção de incidência rara na clínica de pequenos animais, sendo caracterizada como anomalia congênita resultante de falha na diferenciação dos ductos durante a embriogênese. Neste cenário, os ureteres se apresentam fora do seu local anatômico, sendo inseridos no útero, no colo da vesícula urinária, na uretra ou na vagina. Os sinais clínicos comumente apresentados são a incontinência urinária bem como a dermatite perivulvar. O tratamento de eleição para correção da anomalia é o procedimento cirúrgico, no qual a técnica de escolha é baseada na relocação do ureter ectópico e tratamento das alterações associadas. Neste contexto, o presente relato descreve um caso de ectopia ureteral bilateral intramural, corrigido cirurgicamente por meio da técnica neoureterocistostomia, o que possibilitou controle da incontinência urinária do paciente.(AU)

Surgical correction of bilateral ectopic ureter using the neoureterocystostomy technique / Correção cirúrgica de ureter ectópico bilateral utilizando a técnica de neoureterocistostomia

Ureteral ectopy is a rare disorder in the small animals' clinic. It is characterized as a congenital anomaly, resulting from the ducts differentiation failure during embryogenesis. In this scenario, the ureters present themselves outside the anatomical site, being inserted into the uterus, urethra, urinary vesicle neck, or vagina. The clinical signs are urinary incontinence and perivulvar dermatitis. Surgery is the accepted treatment to correct the anomaly. The surgical procedure is based on relocating the ectopic ureter and treating associated modifications. This report describes a case of intramural bilateral ureteral ectopy, corrected surgically through the neoureterocystostomy technique, making it possible to control the animal's urinary incontinence.(AU)

A ectopia ureteral é uma afecção de incidência rara na clínica de pequenos animais, sendo caracterizada como anomalia congênita resultante de falha na diferenciação dos ductos durante a embriogênese. Neste cenário, os ureteres se apresentam fora do seu local anatômico, sendo inseridos no útero, no colo da vesícula urinária, na uretra ou na vagina. Os sinais clínicos comumente apresentados são a incontinência urinária bem como a dermatite perivulvar. O tratamento de eleição para correção da anomalia é o procedimento cirúrgico, no qual a técnica de escolha é baseada na relocação do ureter ectópico e tratamento das alterações associadas. Neste contexto, o presente relato descreve um caso de ectopia ureteral bilateral intramural, corrigido cirurgicamente por meio da técnica neoureterocistostomia, o que possibilitou controle da incontinência urinária do paciente.(AU)

Ultrasonographic and radiographic diagnosis of ectopic ureter in a dog

Background: Ureteral ectopia (or ectopic ureter) is a congenital anomaly of the urinary system in which the ureter insertsanywhere other than the vesical trigone. This anatomical change may have unilateral or bilateral involvement. The mostevident clinical sign, occurring mostly in females, is urinary incontinence, however in some cases the condition may progressto nephritis and dilation of the renal pelvis. The diagnosis is established through imaging, and definitive treatment requiressurgical approach. The present study reports a case of ureteral ectopia in a dog which was diagnosed by ultrasound andcontrast radiography (excretory urography) and successfully treated by neoureterostomy.Case: A 10-month-old female American Pit Bull Terrier was attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid (UFERSA), in Mossoró, RN. Her owner reported incontinence of dark, malodorous urine sincebirth as the chief complaint. After clinical examination, cystitis was suspected, and a complete blood count, urinalysis,and abdominal ultrasound was requested. The blood count and creatinine were within the reference values. The presenceof struvite crystals were found on urinalysis. Ultrasound examination revealed a tortuous, dilated right ureter from therenal pelvis to the urinary bladder; no uroliths were identified as a cause of potential obstruction, but the ipsilateral kidneyshowed increased cortical echogenicity, loss of corticomedullary definition, and moderate pelvic dilation. These findingssupported a presumptive diagnosis of ectopic ureter. For the purpose of confirming this suspicion, excretory urography wasperformed, revealing unilateral ureteral dilation and radiopaque contrast uptake following the path of the urethra. Once thediagnosis was confirmed, surgery was performed to correct the ureteral ectopia using the standard...

Ultrasonographic and radiographic diagnosis of ectopic ureter in a dog

Background: Ureteral ectopia (or ectopic ureter) is a congenital anomaly of the urinary system in which the ureter insertsanywhere other than the vesical trigone. This anatomical change may have unilateral or bilateral involvement. The mostevident clinical sign, occurring mostly in females, is urinary incontinence, however in some cases the condition may progressto nephritis and dilation of the renal pelvis. The diagnosis is established through imaging, and definitive treatment requiressurgical approach. The present study reports a case of ureteral ectopia in a dog which was diagnosed by ultrasound andcontrast radiography (excretory urography) and successfully treated by neoureterostomy.Case: A 10-month-old female American Pit Bull Terrier was attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid (UFERSA), in Mossoró, RN. Her owner reported incontinence of dark, malodorous urine sincebirth as the chief complaint. After clinical examination, cystitis was suspected, and a complete blood count, urinalysis,and abdominal ultrasound was requested. The blood count and creatinine were within the reference values. The presenceof struvite crystals were found on urinalysis. Ultrasound examination revealed a tortuous, dilated right ureter from therenal pelvis to the urinary bladder; no uroliths were identified as a cause of potential obstruction, but the ipsilateral kidneyshowed increased cortical echogenicity, loss of corticomedullary definition, and moderate pelvic dilation. These findingssupported a presumptive diagnosis of ectopic ureter. For the purpose of confirming this suspicion, excretory urography wasperformed, revealing unilateral ureteral dilation and radiopaque contrast uptake following the path of the urethra. Once thediagnosis was confirmed, surgery was performed to correct the ureteral ectopia using the standard...(AU)

Aberrant right subclavian artery in a dog - case report / [Ectopia de artéria subclávia direita em cão - relato de caso]

The brachiocephalic trunk and the left subclavian artery originate from the aortic arch, and both supply blood to the head, neck, and thoracic limbs. Anatomical variations, such as an aberrant right subclavian artery, are congenital conditions rarely observed in dogs, Thus, the objective of the present report was to describe a case of aberrant right subclavian artery in a 9-year-old Dalmatian. However, this anomaly was a finding in which the patient was asymptomatic during its 9 years of life and only at this age did he exhibit signs including sialorrhea, vomiting, hyporexia, and noisy deglutition. Blood count, biochemical profile, and thoracic radiography led to a diagnosis of megaesophagus and aspiration pneumonia. Despite the recommended treatment, the patient did not respond well; as such, the owner elected to euthanize the animal. On necropsy, the right subclavian artery originated directly from the aortic arch, followed a route from left to right dorsally to the esophagus, and then formed an impression of the vascular path over the muscular wall of the esophagus. The esophagus, in turn, exhibited a flaccid wall and dilation in the caudal portion to the vascular path made by the ectopic position of the right subclavian artery.(AU)

O tronco braquiocefálico e a artéria subclávia esquerda emergem do arco aórtico e são responsáveis por fazerem o suprimento sanguíneo para cabeça, pescoço e membros torácicos. Variações anatômicas, como a ectopia da artéria subclávia direita, são alterações congênitas raramente encontradas em cães, cujas alterações do sistema digestivo acontecem em pacientes recém-desmamados e não em adultos. Assim, o objetivo deste relato é descrever um caso de ectopia da artéria subclávia direita em uma cadela, Dálmata, de nove anos de idade. No entanto, essa anomalia foi um achado do qual o paciente foi assintomático durante os nove anos de vida e somente com essa idade apresentou sinais como sialorreia, vômito, hiporexia e deglutição ruidosa. O hemograma e os perfis bioquímicos, associados à radiografia torácica, levaram a um diagnóstico de megaesôfago e pneumonia aspirativa. Mesmo seguindo o tratamento recomendado, houve piora clínica do quadro e o animal foi submetido à eutanásia. À macroscopia, a artéria subclávia direita originava-se direto do arco aórtico, fazia um percurso da esquerda para a direita dorsalmente ao esôfago e, então, formava uma impressão do trajeto vascular sobre a parede muscular do esôfago. O esôfago, por sua vez, apresentava parede flácida e dilatação na porção caudal ao trajeto vascular feito pela posição ectópica da artéria subclávia direita.(AU)

Crossed renal ectopia with fusion in a female feline: case report / Ectopia renal cruzada com fusão em uma gata: relato de caso

A 3 year old female feline of mixed breed was sent to the diagnostic imaging sector under suspicion of bleeding due to ovariohysterectomy. An abdominal ultrasonography was performed to confirm the initial suspicion. However, no signs of bleeding were found, instead it was observed that the left renal silhouette had two pelvises and was elongated and larger than normal. The right kidney was not found. Excretory urography was requested to evaluate the condition of the ureters. The final diagnosis was crossed renal ectopia with fusion in an asymptomatic cat with no changes in renal function.(AU)

Uma gata, sem raça definida, com três anos de idade, foi encaminhada para o setor de diagnóstico por imagem sob suspeita de hemorragia devido à ovário-histerectomia. Foi realizada ultrasonografia abdominal para confirmar a suspeita inicial, mas nenhum sinal de hemorragia foi encontrado; visibilizou-se, entretanto, a silhueta renal esquerda alongada, com presença de duas pelves. O rim direito não foi encontrado. Solicitou-se exame de urografia excretora para avaliação de ureteres. O diagnóstico foi de ectopia renal cruzada com fusão em um felino assintomático e sem alterações na função renal.(AU)

Crossed renal ectopia with fusion in a female feline: case report / Ectopia renal cruzada com fusão em uma gata: relato de caso

A 3 year old female feline of mixed breed was sent to the diagnostic imaging sector under suspicion of bleeding due to ovariohysterectomy. An abdominal ultrasonography was performed to confirm the initial suspicion. However, no signs of bleeding were found, instead it was observed that the left renal silhouette had two pelvises and was elongated and larger than normal. The right kidney was not found. Excretory urography was requested to evaluate the condition of the ureters. The final diagnosis was crossed renal ectopia with fusion in an asymptomatic cat with no changes in renal function.(AU)

Uma gata, sem raça definida, com três anos de idade, foi encaminhada para o setor de diagnóstico por imagem sob suspeita de hemorragia devido à ovário-histerectomia. Foi realizada ultrasonografia abdominal para confirmar a suspeita inicial, mas nenhum sinal de hemorragia foi encontrado; visibilizou-se, entretanto, a silhueta renal esquerda alongada, com presença de duas pelves. O rim direito não foi encontrado. Solicitou-se exame de urografia excretora para avaliação de ureteres. O diagnóstico foi de ectopia renal cruzada com fusão em um felino assintomático e sem alterações na função renal.(AU)

Use of monopolar cauterization by cystoscopy for ectopic intramural ureter correction in a bitch

Background: The ectopic ureter (EU) is considered a congenital anomaly in which the ureteral aperture opens in a positionother than the bladder neck. The diagnosis involves the use of different methods or combination of image exams, including excretory urography, pneumocystography, ultrasonography, cystoscopy and computed tomography. The technics forsurgical repair should be considered evaluating the number and functionality of the EU, the location of the ureteral opening, functional condition of ipsilateral kidney and the presence of other abnormalities. The case reports aims to show thesurgical repair of an intramural EU in an English Bulldog bitch by cystoscopy-guided monopolar cautery.Case: A 1-year-old English Bulldog bitch received medical care due to a history of urinary incontinence since a few monthsof life. The animal had laboratory abnormalities compatible with lower urinary tract infection, followed by a profoundgrowth of Klebsiella sp in urine culture, and received antibiotic treatment for 21 days based on antibiogram results. Dueto a suspect EU, a urinary tract tomography was performed and indicated a congenital kidney malformation (renal dysplasia), enlargement and distal insertion of the left ureter (in comparison with the contralateral one), rising suspiciously ofits intramural progression. We choose to proceed to cystoscopy examination, in which both right and left ureteral ostiumcould be seen in the urethral region. A guide of a pigtail catheter was inserted through both ureteral ostia in order to orientthe ureteral incision. The monopolar cautery was inserted in cystoscopy working channel to section the mucosa of EUchannel on urethra region, separating the lumen of EU from the urethra and extending the incision cranially inside theurinary bladder lumen. After a complete section of the ectopic tissue, a pigtail urinary catheter was correctly placed inboth ureters...

Use of monopolar cauterization by cystoscopy for ectopic intramural ureter correction in a bitch

Background: The ectopic ureter (EU) is considered a congenital anomaly in which the ureteral aperture opens in a positionother than the bladder neck. The diagnosis involves the use of different methods or combination of image exams, including excretory urography, pneumocystography, ultrasonography, cystoscopy and computed tomography. The technics forsurgical repair should be considered evaluating the number and functionality of the EU, the location of the ureteral opening, functional condition of ipsilateral kidney and the presence of other abnormalities. The case reports aims to show thesurgical repair of an intramural EU in an English Bulldog bitch by cystoscopy-guided monopolar cautery.Case: A 1-year-old English Bulldog bitch received medical care due to a history of urinary incontinence since a few monthsof life. The animal had laboratory abnormalities compatible with lower urinary tract infection, followed by a profoundgrowth of Klebsiella sp in urine culture, and received antibiotic treatment for 21 days based on antibiogram results. Dueto a suspect EU, a urinary tract tomography was performed and indicated a congenital kidney malformation (renal dysplasia), enlargement and distal insertion of the left ureter (in comparison with the contralateral one), rising suspiciously ofits intramural progression. We choose to proceed to cystoscopy examination, in which both right and left ureteral ostiumcould be seen in the urethral region. A guide of a pigtail catheter was inserted through both ureteral ostia in order to orientthe ureteral incision. The monopolar cautery was inserted in cystoscopy working channel to section the mucosa of EUchannel on urethra region, separating the lumen of EU from the urethra and extending the incision cranially inside theurinary bladder lumen. After a complete section of the ectopic tissue, a pigtail urinary catheter was correctly placed inboth ureters...(AU)

Ureter ectópico extramural em um cão Labrador Retriever: relato de caso / Ectopic ureter extramural in a Labrador Retriever dog: a case report

A ectopia ureteral é uma enfermidade congênita que se caracteriza quando um ou ambos os ureteres apresentam-se inseridos fora do seu local anatômico, com a inserção ocorrendo no útero, no colo da bexiga, na uretra ou na vagina, devido a uma diferenciação anormal dos ductos mesonéfricos e metanéfricos. Nos machos, a inserção pode ocorrer também nos ductos deferentes e na próstata. A incontinência urinária é o sinal clínico mais comumente associado ao ureter ectópico. O presente relato descreve um caso de ureter ectópico extramural unilateral, em um cão da raça Labrador Retriever de sete anos de idade, corrigido cirurgicamente, e mostra a importância dos exames radiográfico contrastado e ultrassonografia.(AU)

Ureteral ectopia is a congenital disease that is characterized when one or both ureters are shown inserted outside their anatomic site, with the possible insertion in the uterus, bladder neck, the urethra or vagina due to abnormal differentiation of ducts mesonephrics and metanephrics. In males the insertion can also occur in the vas deferens and prostate. Urinary incontinence is the most common clinical sign associated with ectopic ureter. This report describes a case of unilateral extramural ectopic ureter in a dog of the Labrador Retriever breed at seven years old surgically corrected, and shows the importance of contrast radiographic examination and ultrasound.(AU)

Ureter ectópico extramural em um cão Labrador Retriever: relato de caso / Ectopic ureter extramural in a Labrador Retriever dog: a case report

A ectopia ureteral é uma enfermidade congênita que se caracteriza quando um ou ambos os ureteres apresentam-se inseridos fora do seu local anatômico, com a inserção ocorrendo no útero, no colo da bexiga, na uretra ou na vagina, devido a uma diferenciação anormal dos ductos mesonéfricos e metanéfricos. Nos machos, a inserção pode ocorrer também nos ductos deferentes e na próstata. A incontinência urinária é o sinal clínico mais comumente associado ao ureter ectópico. O presente relato descreve um caso de ureter ectópico extramural unilateral, em um cão da raça Labrador Retriever de sete anos de idade, corrigido cirurgicamente, e mostra a importância dos exames radiográfico contrastado e ultrassonografia.(AU)

Ureteral ectopia is a congenital disease that is characterized when one or both ureters are shown inserted outside their anatomic site, with the possible insertion in the uterus, bladder neck, the urethra or vagina due to abnormal differentiation of ducts mesonephrics and metanephrics. In males the insertion can also occur in the vas deferens and prostate. Urinary incontinence is the most common clinical sign associated with ectopic ureter. This report describes a case of unilateral extramural ectopic ureter in a dog of the Labrador Retriever breed at seven years old surgically corrected, and shows the importance of contrast radiographic examination and ultrasound.(AU)

Lissencephaly-pachygyria and cerebellar hypoplasia in a calf / Lisencefalia-paquigiria e hipoplasia cerebelar em um bovino

A case of lissencephaly-pachygyria and cerebellar hypoplasia diagnosed in a Charolais x Tabapuã calf is described. The calf presented since birth, clinical signs characterized by apathy, prolonged recumbency, tremors of the head and neck, ataxia, hypermetria, difficulty walking, blindness and swelling of the joints of the four limbs. Due to the unfavorable prognosis, the animal was euthanized and necropsied at 34 days of age. At necropsy, a rudimentary development of the brain folds (gyri) and grooves (sulci) was observed, and the cerebellum was hypoplastic. The cut surface of the brain exhibited thickening of the gray matter (pachygyria) in the frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital cortices and narrowing of the white matter. In the organs of the thoracic and abdominal cavities, no significant lesions were observed. Histologically, cerebral cortex was thick and exhibited neuronal disorganization of the gray matter. The cerebellum had a thin molecular layer, and neuronal disorganization with ectopia of the Purkinje neurons in the region of the granular and molecular layers. There were no bacterial growths in cultures of joint swabs. This was the only case on the property, which suggests that this malformation, which has not previously been described in cattle, was a sporadic case, and it was not possible to determine its cause. Neurological lesions and clinical sings presented here should be considered in the differential diagnosis of congenital diseases of the central nervous systems of cattle.

Descreve-se um caso de lisencefalia-paquigiria e hipoplasia cerebelar diagnosticado em um bovino, macho, cruza Charolês x Tabapuã que apresentava, desde o nascimento, sinais clínicos caracterizados por apatia, decúbito prolongado, tremores da cabeça e do pescoço, ataxia, hipermetria, dificuldade na marcha, cegueira e aumento de volume nas articulações dos quatro membros. Devido ao prognóstico desfavorável, o bovino foi eutanasiado e necropsiado aos 34 dias de idade. Na abertura da caixa craniana, observou-se formação rudimentar dos giros do telencéfalo e cerebelo hipoplásico. Ao corte o encéfalo, apresentava espessamento da substância cinzenta (paquigiria) do córtex frontal, parietal, temporal e occipital e estreitamento da substância branca. Nos órgãos das cavidades torácica e abdominal, não foram observadas lesões significativas. Histologicamente, no córtex cerebral havia desorganização neuronal da substância cinzenta que estava espessa. No cerebelo, havia diminuição da camada molecular e desorganização neuronal com ectopia dos neurônios de Purkinje na região das camadas granular e molecular. Não houve crescimento bacteriano das culturas de suabes das articulações. O fato de ser o único caso na propriedade sugere que a malformação, sem descrição anterior em bovinos, trata-se de caso esporádico, não sendo determinada sua causa. As alterações neurológicas aqui observadas devem ser levadas em consideração no diagnóstico diferencial de enfermidades congênitas do sistema nervoso central de bovinos.

Lissencephaly-pachygyria and cerebellar hypoplasia in a calf / Lisencefalia-paquigiria e hipoplasia cerebelar em um bovino

A case of lissencephaly-pachygyria and cerebellar hypoplasia diagnosed in a Charolais x Tabapuã calf is described. The calf presented since birth, clinical signs characterized by apathy, prolonged recumbency, tremors of the head and neck, ataxia, hypermetria, difficulty walking, blindness and swelling of the joints of the four limbs. Due to the unfavorable prognosis, the animal was euthanized and necropsied at 34 days of age. At necropsy, a rudimentary development of the brain folds (gyri) and grooves (sulci) was observed, and the cerebellum was hypoplastic. The cut surface of the brain exhibited thickening of the gray matter (pachygyria) in the frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital cortices and narrowing of the white matter. In the organs of the thoracic and abdominal cavities, no significant lesions were observed. Histologically, cerebral cortex was thick and exhibited neuronal disorganization of the gray matter. The cerebellum had a thin molecular layer, and neuronal disorganization with ectopia of the Purkinje neurons in the region of the granular and molecular layers. There were no bacterial growths in cultures of joint swabs. This was the only case on the property, which suggests that this malformation, which has not previously been described in cattle, was a sporadic case, and it was not possible to determine its cause. Neurological lesions and clinical sings presented here should be considered in the differential diagnosis of congenital diseases of the central nervous systems of cattle.(AU)

Descreve-se um caso de lisencefalia-paquigiria e hipoplasia cerebelar diagnosticado em um bovino, macho, cruza Charolês x Tabapuã que apresentava, desde o nascimento, sinais clínicos caracterizados por apatia, decúbito prolongado, tremores da cabeça e do pescoço, ataxia, hipermetria, dificuldade na marcha, cegueira e aumento de volume nas articulações dos quatro membros. Devido ao prognóstico desfavorável, o bovino foi eutanasiado e necropsiado aos 34 dias de idade. Na abertura da caixa craniana, observou-se formação rudimentar dos giros do telencéfalo e cerebelo hipoplásico. Ao corte o encéfalo, apresentava espessamento da substância cinzenta (paquigiria) do córtex frontal, parietal, temporal e occipital e estreitamento da substância branca. Nos órgãos das cavidades torácica e abdominal, não foram observadas lesões significativas. Histologicamente, no córtex cerebral havia desorganização neuronal da substância cinzenta que estava espessa. No cerebelo, havia diminuição da camada molecular e desorganização neuronal com ectopia dos neurônios de Purkinje na região das camadas granular e molecular. Não houve crescimento bacteriano das culturas de suabes das articulações. O fato de ser o único caso na propriedade sugere que a malformação, sem descrição anterior em bovinos, trata-se de caso esporádico, não sendo determinada sua causa. As alterações neurológicas aqui observadas devem ser levadas em consideração no diagnóstico diferencial de enfermidades congênitas do sistema nervoso central de bovinos.(AU)

Infecção urinária por Morganella morganii em cão jovem portador de ureter ectópico / Urinary infection by Morganella morganii in a young dog affected by ectopic ureter

Infecções do trato urinário (ITU) são enfermidades freqüentes na rotina clínica médica de animais de companhia, sendo a cistite bacteriana a causa mais comum de ITU em cães e gatos. As más-formações do trato urinário, a citar o ureter ectópico, podem predispor os animais acometidos à infecções urinárias recorrentes causadas por um mesmo patógeno, ou patógenos distintos. Morganella morganii é uma bactéria de raro isolamento em infecções urinárias de cães, sendo considerado um agente oportunista em processos infecciosos, tanto nos animais de companhia quanto nos homens. O presente relato teve por objetivo descrever o diagnóstico clínico, bem como o diagnóstico microbiológico deste microrganismo de isolamento pouco frequente, em um animal jovem portador de ureter ectópico. Apesar de tratamentos anteriores de cistite, a paciente não apresentava melhora clínica em decorrência da falta de correção da causa de base, ou seja, do ureter ectópico; que favorecia infecções recorrentes. Mesmo sendo advertida sobre as enfermidades e seus agravantes, a proprietária abandonou o tratamento da paciente, apesar da melhora clínica parcial com a terapia antibiótica de acordo com o perfil de susceptibilidade. Os resultados obtidos neste caso clínico reiteram a importância do exame de cultura e antibiograma para tratamentos das ITUs; bem como a busca de causas de base para processos infecciosos do trato urinário. Apesar do raro isolamento, Morganella morganii deve ser considerada como um importante agente causador de ITUs em animais, assim como em humanos, uma vez que as deformidades anatômicas favorecem a ascensão de patógenos, principalmente os Gram negativos habitantes do trato gastrointestinal dos animais.

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are frequent diseases in the routine of clinical medicine of companion animals and bacterial cystitis is the most common cause of UTI in dogs and cats. The bad-formations of the urinary tract, as the ectopic ureter, may predispose the affected animals to recurrent urinary infections caused by the same or different pathogens. Morganella morganii is a bacterium with rare isolation from urinary infections in dogs, and it is considered an opportunistic agent in infectious processes, both in pets as in men. This report aimed to describe the clinical diagnosis, as microbiological diagnosis of this infrequent isolation of this microorganism in a young animal carrier of ectopic ureter. Despite of previous treatments of cystitis, the patient had no clinical improvement due to the lack of correction of the baseline cause, or ectopic ureter; which favored recurrent infections. Even being warned about the diseases and its aggravating, the owner left the treatment of the patient, despite the partial clinical improvement with antibiotic therapy according to the susceptibility profile. The results obtained in this case report confirm the importance of culture and sensitivity test for treatment of UTIs; and the search for baseline causes of infectious processes of the urinary tract. Although it’s rare isolation, Morganella morganii should be considered as an important causative agent of UTI in animals as in humans, since the anatomical deformities favor the rise of pathogens, especially Gram negative inhabitants of the animals’ gastrointestinal tract.

Infecção urinária por Morganella morganii em cão jovem portador de ureter ectópico / Urinary infection by Morganella morganii in a young dog affected by ectopic ureter

Infecções do trato urinário (ITU) são enfermidades freqüentes na rotina clínica médica de animais de companhia, sendo a cistite bacteriana a causa mais comum de ITU em cães e gatos. As más-formações do trato urinário, a citar o ureter ectópico, podem predispor os animais acometidos à infecções urinárias recorrentes causadas por um mesmo patógeno, ou patógenos distintos. Morganella morganii é uma bactéria de raro isolamento em infecções urinárias de cães, sendo considerado um agente oportunista em processos infecciosos, tanto nos animais de companhia quanto nos homens. O presente relato teve por objetivo descrever o diagnóstico clínico, bem como o diagnóstico microbiológico deste microrganismo de isolamento pouco frequente, em um animal jovem portador de ureter ectópico. Apesar de tratamentos anteriores de cistite, a paciente não apresentava melhora clínica em decorrência da falta de correção da causa de base, ou seja, do ureter ectópico; que favorecia infecções recorrentes. Mesmo sendo advertida sobre as enfermidades e seus agravantes, a proprietária abandonou o tratamento da paciente, apesar da melhora clínica parcial com a terapia antibiótica de acordo com o perfil de susceptibilidade. Os resultados obtidos neste caso clínico reiteram a importância do exame de cultura e antibiograma para tratamentos das ITUs; bem como a busca de causas de base para processos infecciosos do trato urinário. Apesar do raro isolamento, Morganella morganii deve ser considerada como um importante agente causador de ITUs em animais, assim como em humanos, uma vez que as deformidades anatômicas favorecem a ascensão de patógenos, principalmente os Gram negativos habitantes do trato gastrointestinal dos animais.(AU)

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are frequent diseases in the routine of clinical medicine of companion animals and bacterial cystitis is the most common cause of UTI in dogs and cats. The bad-formations of the urinary tract, as the ectopic ureter, may predispose the affected animals to recurrent urinary infections caused by the same or different pathogens. Morganella morganii is a bacterium with rare isolation from urinary infections in dogs, and it is considered an opportunistic agent in infectious processes, both in pets as in men. This report aimed to describe the clinical diagnosis, as microbiological diagnosis of this infrequent isolation of this microorganism in a young animal carrier of ectopic ureter. Despite of previous treatments of cystitis, the patient had no clinical improvement due to the lack of correction of the baseline cause, or ectopic ureter; which favored recurrent infections. Even being warned about the diseases and its aggravating, the owner left the treatment of the patient, despite the partial clinical improvement with antibiotic therapy according to the susceptibility profile. The results obtained in this case report confirm the importance of culture and sensitivity test for treatment of UTIs; and the search for baseline causes of infectious processes of the urinary tract. Although its rare isolation, Morganella morganii should be considered as an important causative agent of UTI in animals as in humans, since the anatomical deformities favor the rise of pathogens, especially Gram negative inhabitants of the animals gastrointestinal tract.(AU)

Pseudo-hermafroditismo em cadela da raça buldogue-francês / Pseudohermaphroditism in a female French Bulldog / Pseudohermafroditismo en una perra Bulldog Francés

Pseudo-hermafroditismo é uma anomalia sexual rara em cães, em que existem caracteristicas masculinas e femininas em um mesmo individuo; geralmente o animal apresenta genitalia externa ambigua e gônadas masculinas ou femininas. O presente relato é sobre um animal de 5 meses de idade, da raça buldogue-francês, cuja queixa principal foi a presença de uma estrutura em região interna de genitália com evolução aproximada de 2 meses. O exame clinico constatou que a paciente mas com uma estrutura hipertrofiada no interior similar a um clitóris, além de um OSSO apresentava caracteristica fenotipica de fêmea, com vagina sem alterações aparentes, peniano. A radiografia abdominal lateral direita revelou a presença de provável osso peniano atrofiado, localizado dentro da vagina. O exame ultrassonográfico evidenciou a presença de duas estruturas ovaladas, grosseiras e hipoecogênicas em região inguinal (tecido subcutâneo), sugerindo testiculos ectopicos; não foram observados os ovários e o útero. Durante a laparotomia observou-se a ausência de ovários e a presença de útero, além de testiculos no tecido subcutâneo.

Pseudohermaphroditism is a sexual anomaly, rare in dogs, in which the individual has both male and female characteristics; normally ambiguous external genitalia and male or female gonads. This report concerns a 5-month-old female French Bulldog, where the principal concern was the presence of a structure in the internal region of the genitalia with evolution of approximately 2 months. Upon clinical examination, it was found that the patient had a characteristically female phenotype and a vagina with no apparent changes, despite the presence of a hypertrophied structure inside, similar to a clitoris and a probable penile bone. A right lateral abdominal radiography revealed the presence of a probable atrophied penile bone located inside the vulva. An ultrasound examination showed the presence of two oval, coarse and hypoechogenic structures in the inguinal (subcutaneous) region, suggesting ectopic testicles; ovaries and uterus were not observed. However, during laparotomy the absence of ovaries and the presence of uterus and testicles in the subcutaneous tissue were observed.

El pseudohermafroditismo representa una anomalia congénita rara en perros, en la cual se observan caracteristicas de macho y de hembra en un individuo; generalmente el animal presenta genitales externos ambiguos y gónadas masculinas o femeninas. El presente relato describe este cuadro en un Bulldog francés de 5 meses que llegó a consulta porque podia observarse una estructura diferente en vulva con evolución aproximada de 2 meses. Durante la consulta, la paciente presentaba características fenotipicas de hembra, con una vagina normal y una estructura hipertrofiada en su interior, similar a un clitoris, y otra parecida con un hueso peneano. La radiografia abdominal lateral derecha mostró la presencia de un posible hueso peneano atrofiado que se localizaba cercano a la vagina. La ecografia permitió localizar dos estructuras ovaladas, grandes e hipecogénicas en la región inguinal (subcutáneo) similares a los testiculos (ectopia testicular); no se observaron ovarios y útero. Durante la laparatomia se observo ausencia de ovarios, presencia de útero y la localización de ambos testículos en el tejido subcutáneo.

Pseudo-hermafroditismo em cadela da raça buldogue-francês / Pseudohermaphroditism in a female French Bulldog / Pseudohermafroditismo en una perra Bulldog Francés

Pseudo-hermafroditismo é uma anomalia sexual rara em cães, em que existem caracteristicas masculinas e femininas em um mesmo individuo; geralmente o animal apresenta genitalia externa ambigua e gônadas masculinas ou femininas. O presente relato é sobre um animal de 5 meses de idade, da raça buldogue-francês, cuja queixa principal foi a presença de uma estrutura em região interna de genitália com evolução aproximada de 2 meses. O exame clinico constatou que a paciente mas com uma estrutura hipertrofiada no interior similar a um clitóris, além de um OSSO apresentava caracteristica fenotipica de fêmea, com vagina sem alterações aparentes, peniano. A radiografia abdominal lateral direita revelou a presença de provável osso peniano atrofiado, localizado dentro da vagina. O exame ultrassonográfico evidenciou a presença de duas estruturas ovaladas, grosseiras e hipoecogênicas em região inguinal (tecido subcutâneo), sugerindo testiculos ectopicos; não foram observados os ovários e o útero. Durante a laparotomia observou-se a ausência de ovários e a presença de útero, além de testiculos no tecido subcutâneo.(AU)

Pseudohermaphroditism is a sexual anomaly, rare in dogs, in which the individual has both male and female characteristics; normally ambiguous external genitalia and male or female gonads. This report concerns a 5-month-old female French Bulldog, where the principal concern was the presence of a structure in the internal region of the genitalia with evolution of approximately 2 months. Upon clinical examination, it was found that the patient had a characteristically female phenotype and a vagina with no apparent changes, despite the presence of a hypertrophied structure inside, similar to a clitoris and a probable penile bone. A right lateral abdominal radiography revealed the presence of a probable atrophied penile bone located inside the vulva. An ultrasound examination showed the presence of two oval, coarse and hypoechogenic structures in the inguinal (subcutaneous) region, suggesting ectopic testicles; ovaries and uterus were not observed. However, during laparotomy the absence of ovaries and the presence of uterus and testicles in the subcutaneous tissue were observed.(AU)

El pseudohermafroditismo representa una anomalia congénita rara en perros, en la cual se observan caracteristicas de macho y de hembra en un individuo; generalmente el animal presenta genitales externos ambiguos y gónadas masculinas o femeninas. El presente relato describe este cuadro en un Bulldog francés de 5 meses que llegó a consulta porque podia observarse una estructura diferente en vulva con evolución aproximada de 2 meses. Durante la consulta, la paciente presentaba características fenotipicas de hembra, con una vagina normal y una estructura hipertrofiada en su interior, similar a un clitoris, y otra parecida con un hueso peneano. La radiografia abdominal lateral derecha mostró la presencia de un posible hueso peneano atrofiado que se localizaba cercano a la vagina. La ecografia permitió localizar dos estructuras ovaladas, grandes e hipecogénicas en la región inguinal (subcutáneo) similares a los testiculos (ectopia testicular); no se observaron ovarios y útero. Durante la laparatomia se observo ausencia de ovarios, presencia de útero y la localización de ambos testículos en el tejido subcutáneo.(AU)