Necrolytic migratory erythema in a cat with glucagonoma syndrome

Background: Glucagonomas are very rare neuroendocrine tumors of pancreatic endocrine islets alpha cells and they produced excessive amount of glucagon hormone. Necrolytic migratory erythema (NME) is a rare dermatosis that characterized by erosive, ulcerative and crusted lesions in different sites of the skin and the common cause of this situation related to glucagon secreted tumors. NME can occur commonly in man but some rare and recent reports available the occurrence of this situation in pet animals especially dogs. Both gross and histological findings in both human and animals are similar. This paper reports a NME case with glucagonoma and diabetes mellitus (DM) by clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations. Case: A 12-year-old, cat presented with complaints of skin lesions in neck region, hyperglycemia, weight loss and history of anorexia during the 2 months. Biochemical analysis results revealed high glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and creatinine levels but decreased blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total protein and potassium levels. After 2 weeks of anti-diabetic drug treatment, the blood glucose level became normal and skin lesions ameliorated but anorexia and weight loss continued. The cat exhibited general weakness and pain in abdominal area. Although the clinical sings ameliorated and skin lesions and serum biochemical findings returned the relatively normal levels compared the admission, the cat died after 2 weeks of treatment and necropsy performed. At necropsy, marked cachexia, loss of skin elasticity and decreased skin thickness were observed. During the examination of abdominal cavity of the cat, there was a mass 0.5x0.5 cm in diameter, hard and grayish color was diagnosed at the pancreas...

Necrolytic migratory erythema in a cat with glucagonoma syndrome

Background: Glucagonomas are very rare neuroendocrine tumors of pancreatic endocrine islets alpha cells and they produced excessive amount of glucagon hormone. Necrolytic migratory erythema (NME) is a rare dermatosis that characterized by erosive, ulcerative and crusted lesions in different sites of the skin and the common cause of this situation related to glucagon secreted tumors. NME can occur commonly in man but some rare and recent reports available the occurrence of this situation in pet animals especially dogs. Both gross and histological findings in both human and animals are similar. This paper reports a NME case with glucagonoma and diabetes mellitus (DM) by clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations. Case: A 12-year-old, cat presented with complaints of skin lesions in neck region, hyperglycemia, weight loss and history of anorexia during the 2 months. Biochemical analysis results revealed high glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and creatinine levels but decreased blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total protein and potassium levels. After 2 weeks of anti-diabetic drug treatment, the blood glucose level became normal and skin lesions ameliorated but anorexia and weight loss continued. The cat exhibited general weakness and pain in abdominal area. Although the clinical sings ameliorated and skin lesions and serum biochemical findings returned the relatively normal levels compared the admission, the cat died after 2 weeks of treatment and necropsy performed. At necropsy, marked cachexia, loss of skin elasticity and decreased skin thickness were observed. During the examination of abdominal cavity of the cat, there was a mass 0.5x0.5 cm in diameter, hard and grayish color was diagnosed at the pancreas...(AU)

Aspectos epidemiológicos e clínicos do colangiocarcinoma em cães da Região Central do RS

O colangiocarcinoma é considerado um neoplasma hepático primário raro em cães na maior parte do mundo. Entretanto, no Rio Grande do Sul, essa é uma forma muito comum de câncer de fígado. Baseado nessa alta prevalência e, consequentemente, na importância que ela traz para a medicina canina local, o objetivo desta dissertação foi estabelecer os aspectos epidemiológico e clínicos do colangiocarcinoma em cães. Para isso, foram avaliados 66 casos de colangiocarcinomas em cães, diagnosticados entre 2000 e 2018. Machos e fêmeas perfizeram 45,5% e 54,5% dos casos, respectivamente. Cães de raça e cães sem raça definida corresponderam a 63,6% e 36,4% dos casos, respectivamente. Os cães afetados morreram entre 4 e 18 anos de idade. A média de idade de morte foi de 10,9 anos. Cães adultos e idosos perfizeram 31,7% e 68,3% dos casos, respectivamente. A prevalência dos principais sinais clínicos foi a seguinte: inapetência ou anorexia (83,3%), perda de peso progressiva ou caquexia (78,8%), distensão abdominal (34,8%), devido ao efeito massa (31,8%), à ascite (12,1%) e/ou hemoperitônio (16,7%), palidez de mucosas (33,3%), vômito (30,3%), dispneia (28,8%), febre (21,2%), icterícia (19,7%) e diarreia (15,2%). Duas síndromes paraneoplásicas foram descritas pela primeira vez para cães com colangiocarcinoma: hipoglicemia paraneoplásica (7,6%) e síndrome glucagonoma (3%). Os resultados expressos neste artigo permitem concluir que colangiocarcinoma ocorre frequentemente em cães da Região Central do RS, independentemente de sexo, da raça ou da idade, mas é pouco mais frequente em fêmeas e muito mais comum em idosos, ou seja, em cães acima de 10 anos de idade. Os principais sinais clínicos de colangiocarcinoma estão muito mais associados à distensão abdominal pelo efeito massa ou às síndromes paraneoplásicas do que à insuficiência hepática propriamente dita.

Cholangiocarcinoma is considered a rare primary hepatic neoplasm in dogs in most of the world. However, in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, this is a very common form of liver cancer. Based on the high prevalence and, consequently, on the importance it brings to local canine medicine, the objective of this paper is to establish the epidemiological and clinical aspects of cholangiocarcinoma in dogs. For this, 66 cases of cholangiocarcinomas in dogs, diagnosed between 2000 and 2018, were evaluated. Males and females accounted for 45.5% and 54.5% of cases, respectively. Breed dogs and non-breed dogs accounted for 63.6% and 36.4% of cases, respectively. The affected dogs died between 4 and 18 years of age. The mean age of death was 10.9 years. Adult and elderly dogs accounted for 31.7% and 68.3% of the cases, respectively. The prevalence of major clinical signs was as follows: inappetence or anorexia (83.3%), progressive weight loss or cachexia (78.8%), abdominal distension (34.8%) due to the mass effect (31.8 %), ascites (12.1%) and/or hemoperitoneum (16.7%), mucous pallor (33.3%), vomiting (30.3%), dyspnea (28.8%), fever (21.2%), jaundice (19.7%), and diarrhea (15.2%). Two paraneoplastic syndromes are described for the first time for dogs with cholangiocarcinoma: paraneoplastic hypoglycemia (7.6%) and glucagonoma syndrome (3%). The results expressed in this article allow us to conclude that cholangiocarcinoma occurs frequently in dogs in the Central Region of RS, regardless of gender, breed or age, but it is less frequent in females and much more common in the elderly, that is, in dogs above 10 years old. The main clinical signs of cholangiocarcinoma are much more associated with abdominal distension by "mass effect" or paraneoplastic syndromes than with hepatic impairment itself.

Eritema necrolítico migratório (dermatite necrolítica superficial)em uma cadela diabética: síndorme do glucagonoma? / Necrolitic migratory erithema (superficial necrolytic dermatitis) in a diabetic bitch: glucagonoma syndrome?

O eritema necrolítico migratório é uma síndrome cutânea rara em humanos e cães muitas vezes associadaà presença de tumores pancreáticos produtores de glucagon. Pacientes com esta síndrome apresentamfrequentemente, além das alterações dermatológicas associadas à necrose epidérmica, a perda de peso e o diabetes mellitus, como consequência da hiperglucagonemia. Apenas um caso de síndrome do glucagonoma canino foi relatado até o momento na literatura nacional e aproximadamente dez casosexistem na literatura mundial. Relatamos um caso de eritema necrolítico migratório em uma cadeladiabética da raça Cocker Spaniel com oito anos de idade e quadro clínico compatível com a síndromedo glucagonoma. (AU)

The necrolytic migratory erythema is a rare skin syndrome in humans and dogs often associated with the presence of glucagon-producing pancreatic tumors. Patients with this syndrome develop epidermal necrosis generally associated with weight loss and diabetes mellitus as a consequence of hyperglucagonemia.Only one case of canine glucagonoma syndrome has been reported so far in the nacional literature and there are about ten cases all over the world. We report a case of necrolytic migratory erythema in an eight year-old, female, diabetic Cocker Spaniel dog with a clinical history compatible withthe glucagonoma syndrome. (AU)

Eritema necrolítico migratório (dermatite necrolítica superficial)em uma cadela diabética: síndorme do glucagonoma? / Necrolitic migratory erithema (superficial necrolytic dermatitis) in a diabetic bitch: glucagonoma syndrome?

O eritema necrolítico migratório é uma síndrome cutânea rara em humanos e cães muitas vezes associadaà presença de tumores pancreáticos produtores de glucagon. Pacientes com esta síndrome apresentamfrequentemente, além das alterações dermatológicas associadas à necrose epidérmica, a perda de peso e o diabetes mellitus, como consequência da hiperglucagonemia. Apenas um caso de síndrome do glucagonoma canino foi relatado até o momento na literatura nacional e aproximadamente dez casosexistem na literatura mundial. Relatamos um caso de eritema necrolítico migratório em uma cadeladiabética da raça Cocker Spaniel com oito anos de idade e quadro clínico compatível com a síndromedo glucagonoma.

The necrolytic migratory erythema is a rare skin syndrome in humans and dogs often associated with the presence of glucagon-producing pancreatic tumors. Patients with this syndrome develop epidermal necrosis generally associated with weight loss and diabetes mellitus as a consequence of hyperglucagonemia.Only one case of canine glucagonoma syndrome has been reported so far in the nacional literature and there are about ten cases all over the world. We report a case of necrolytic migratory erythema in an eight year-old, female, diabetic Cocker Spaniel dog with a clinical history compatible withthe glucagonoma syndrome.