Pancreatic cancer orthotopic graft in a murine model

Purpose: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest cancers with increasing incidence. Even if progress have been made, the five-year overall survival remains lower than 10%. There is a desperate need in therapeutic improvements. In the last two decades, new in-vitro models have been developed and improved, including tridimensional-culture spheroids and organoids. However, animal studies remain mandatory in the upscaling before clinical studies. Orthotopic and syngeneic grafting is a robust model to test a drug efficiency in a tumor and its microenvironment. Methods: We described a method for orthotopic and syngeneic graft of KRAS mutated, p53 wildtype, 8305 cells in a C57BL/6J mouse model. Results: With this microsurgical method, 30 mice were grafted, 24 by a junior and six by a senior, resulting in 95,8 and 100% of (partial and total) successful tumoral implantation, respectively. Twenty mice underwent ultrasound follow-up. It was an efficient method for the tumoral growth evaluation. At day 16 after grafting, 85% of the tumors were detectable by ultrasound, and at day 22 all tumors were detected. Conclusions: The presented method appears to be a robust and reliable method for pre-clinical studies. A junior master student can provide positive results using this technique, which can be improved with training.

Short-term outcomes of trochlear recession surgery combined with "Watermelon" autograft for treatment of canine medial patellar luxation: a case series / Resultados a curto prazo da cirurgia de recessão trocolear combinada com o auto-enxerto "Melancia" para tratamento da luxação patelar medial canina: uma série de casos

The aim of this study was to present a novel surgical method for correction of medial patellar luxation in small-breed dogs with trochlear dysplasia and marked hypoplasia of the medial femoral condyle. The "Watermelon" approach was applied together with trochlear wedge recession or trochlear block recession and consisted in increasing the height of the medial condyle with an osteochondral autograft resembling a watermelon slice, placed into an additional slot in the medial femoral condyle to prevent the postoperative reluxation of the patella. The study cohort included 19 dogs (25 joints) from small breeds (Pinscher, Pomeranian, and Chihuahua) with second-grade medial patellar luxation. Fourteen joints were submitted to wedge recession surgery combined with "Watermelon" grafting, and 11 joints: to block recession surgery with "Watermelon" grafting. The sulcus-deepening trochleoplasty combined with "Watermelon" grafting was clinically successful and with low percentage of minor postoperative complications. The mean duration of anesthesia was significantly longer for block recession combined with "Watermelon" (P<0.001), but the recovery period was shorter (P<0.05).

O objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar um novo método cirúrgico para correção da luxação patelar medial em cães de raça pequena com displasia troquelar e hipoplasia marcada do côndilo femoral medial. A abordagem "Melancia" foi aplicada juntamente com a recessão da cunha trocolear ou recessão do bloco trocolear e consistiu em aumentar a altura do côndilo medial com um auto-enxerto osteocondral parecido com uma fatia de melancia, colocado em uma fenda adicional no côndilo femoral medial para evitar o relaxamento pós-operatório da patela. A coorte do estudo incluiu 19 cães (25 juntas) de raças pequenas (Pinscher, Pomeranian, e Chihuahua) com luxação patelar medial de segundo grau. Catorze juntas foram submetidas à cirurgia de recessão em cunha combinada com enxerto de "melancia", e 11 juntas: para bloquear a cirurgia de recessão com enxerto de "melancia". A trocleoplastia de "melancia" combinada com o enxerto de "melancia" foi clinicamente bem sucedida e com baixo percentual de pequenas complicações pós-operatórias. A duração média da anestesia foi significativamente maior para a recessão em bloco combinada com "Melancia" (P<0,001), mas o período de recuperação foi mais curto (P<0,05).

Fixed bilateral endo-exo prostheses in feline femur - case report / Endo-exoprótese bilateral fixa em fêmur de felino - relato de caso

The use of endo-exo prosthesis is an alternative to improve the quality of life of amputees, allowing correct distribution of body weight, reducing skin problems and pain related to the implant, and reducing lameness. The aim of this paper is to report the use of a fixed bilateral endo-exo femur prostheses in a cat with amputation prior to treatment. The endoprostheses were made with titanium and the exoprostheses were made with 3D printing technology. A longitudinal craniolateral surgical approach was used and the skin incision was made over the knee-joint, then fascia lata incision, followed by biceps femoris and vastus lateralis muscles retraction, incision through the joint capsule to expose the tibiofemoral joint, disarticulation, and tibia and fibula removal. Afterwards, a femoral leveling osteotomy and insertion of the implant in the medullary canal were performed, being attached in the cis and trans cortical bone. The patient was evaluated in the immediate post-operative and periodically thereafter, showing satisfactory results, without macroscopic signs of rejection, wound dehiscence or infection, fracture, or injury of limbs, and presented adapted walking. Furthermore, it was observed the return to common behaviors for the species.

O uso de endoexoprótese é uma alternativa para melhoria na qualidade de vida de pacientes amputados, permitindo distribuição correta do peso corporal, redução de problemas de pele e dor ligadas ao implante e redução da claudicação. Este trabalho objetivou relatar a utilização de endoexoprótese bilateral fixa em fêmur em felino com amputação prévia ao atendimento. Foram modeladas endopróteses em titânio e exopróteses projetadas e impressas em 3D. O acesso cirúrgico, em ambos os membros, foi realizado por incisão craniolateral transarticular da pele, incisão da fáscia lata, rebatimento dos músculos bíceps femoral e vasto lateral, incisão da cápsula articular para exposição da articulação femorotibial, desarticulação e remoção cirúrgica da tibia e da fibula. Em seguida, realizou-se osteotomia niveladora femoral e inserção do implante no canal medular, sendo esse fixo nas corticais cis e trans. O paciente foi avaliado no pós-cirúrgico imediato e posteriormente de forma periódica, demonstrando resultados satisfatórios, sem sinais macroscópicos de rejeição, deiscência ou infecção da ferida cirúrgica, fratura ou lesão de membros, e apresentava deambulação adaptada. Além disso, foi observado o retorno de comportamentos comuns da espécie.

Lesão traumática facial em cão - reconstrução cirúrgica com retalho de transposição rotacional / Facial traumatic injury in a dog - surgical reconstruction with rotational transposition flap

Background: Bite injuries are commonly found in small animal clinics, especially in male dogs, due to their habits of fighting and territorial disputes. In general, the lesions are treated with the use of compresses and bandages, however, it is extremely important to carefully evaluate the site, in order to carry out the appropriate treatment. In cases of tissue loss, an increasingly used practice is reconstructive surgery, which launches alternatives for treatment through flaps and skin grafts, promoting healing and satisfactory aesthetic repair. This report describes the case of a dog with a facial bite, treated with reconstructive surgery. Case: A 5-year-old male mixed-breed dog, with a body mass of 5 kg, was treated and submitted to a physical examination, due to the owner's complaint that he had been attacked by another dog, causing a bite on the face. On physical examination, the animal showed normal vital parameters, except for mild hyperthermia due to rectal temperature (39.5°C). On the face, it was possible to observe a lacerative lesion in the temporomandibular and masseteric regions, with loss of skin and muscle, in addition to having an aspect of infection and necrosis. To describe the hematological profile, a blood count was performed, showing no changes. In the biochemical tests, the present alteration was a slight increase in Alkaline Phosphatase (393.8 IU/L). Surgical treatment was indicated through facial reconstruction with a skin graft. After performing the antisepsis, the lesion was debrided, the edges were regularized and the injured tissue was curetted. For reconstruction of the defect, we used a flap obtained through a perpendicular incision at the base of the ear, in a caudal direction, and this flap was pulled and transposed over the wound. Flap synthesis was performed with 3-0 nylon thread. After surgery, a compressive bandage was performed, which was removed after 24 h. It was indicated to avoid exertion in the area and to return in 10 days for the evaluation of the surgery and removal of the stitches. Discussion: Traumatic injuries in animals are being increasingly reported, with male and non-neutered dogs being the most prevalent patients. This report is in line with other studies, with the patient's profile being a male dog, with an average age, in line with the literature. In general, in certain types of wounds, the affected animals can develop sepsis and even progress to death, however, in this case the patient did not show changes in vital parameters and in hematological tests. Reconstructive surgeries are performed with the aim of correcting skin defects and knowledge of the available techniques is important. It is also necessary to carry out a good planning, in order to avoid complications in the trans and postoperative period. In the present case, we chose to use a flap obtained through an incision perpendicular to the base of the ear, transposing it over the wound, in addition to relieving tissue tension through skin divulsion, increasing its elastic potential. The use of bandages is considered extremely important for the success of the surgical procedure, as it provides an efficient barrier against infections, trauma and adhesions. However, we emphasize the need to use ointments, gauzes and bandages concomitantly, in order to have the desired success in the postoperative period. In addition to proper surgical techniques, pain management and infection control are important for patient recovery. It is important to use non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids to obtain analgesia, in addition to antibiotic therapy before and after surgery. The reported case demonstrated that lesions in dogs with skin loss can be reconstructed using skin flaps, with an excellent recovery and good prognosis, as was the case with the patient in this report.

Fluorescence spectroscopy for clinical transplantation liver grafts monitoring: possibilities offered by 408 nm excitation

Purpose: Fluorescence spectroscopy techniques have been investigated aiming to reduce the invasiveness of methods for investigation of tissue. In transplantation procedures, it may offer the possibility of a complementary technique for the monitoring of liver grafts' conditions prior to and during the transplantation procedure stages involving cold perfusion. The objective of this study was to evaluate fluorescence spectroscopy under violet light excitation (408 nm) for the monitoring of clinical hypothermic liver transplantation procedures. Methods: Organ grafts were monitored from before the removal of the donor's body to 1 h after the implant into the receptor's body. Fluorescence spectroscopy was assessed over five stages within these transplant stages. Results: The study provided evidence of a correlation between fluorescence information collected during liver grafts transplantation and the survival of patients. Conclusions: Fluorescence spectroscopy can become a tool to monitor transplantation grafts, providing objective information for the final decision of surgeons to use organs.

Maturation and quality of 'BRS Magna' grapes influenced by rootstocks in rainy season

Seasonal variations and production factors can influence the quality of grapes. Considering the Sub-middle region of the São Francisco Valley, Brazil, differentiated by production in rainy and warmer periods of the year, the climatic conditions in each season affect the duration of the phenological phases and quality of the grapes. The objective of this study was to characterize the changes in the quality components during maturation of 'BRS Magna' grapes on different rootstocks, in rainy seasons under tropical conditions, as a support to define the harvest time. The experiment was conducted in Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil, from Jan to Apr 2017 (cycle 1) and Dec 2017 to Apr 2018 (cycle 2) evaluating rootstocks and age of the fruits. Bunches were picked from the start of maturation to the harvest: 49, 56, 61, 64 and 68 days after fruit set (DAF) for cycle 1, and 35, 41, 48, 55, 61, and 66 DAF for cycle 2. In cycle 1 'IAC 572' and 'Paulsen 1103' rootstocks provided higher sugar contents in grapes, which was only repeated in cycle 2 for 'Paulsen 1103'. The accumulation of anthocyanins and yellow flavonoids was favored by 'IAC 313' and 'IAC 572' rootstocks in cycle 1, and by 'IAC 313' and 'IAC 766' in cycle 2. A higher content of polyphenols was conferred on 'IAC 572' in cycle 1 and on 'IAC 766' in cycle 2, which also had a greater antioxidant capacity. Although there were differences between rootstocks, harvesting at approximately 64 DAF maximized grape quality for all treatments.(AU)

Free omental graft without vascular microanastomosis in the cutaneous wound healing of rabbits / [Enxerto omental livre sem microanastomose vascular na cicatrização de feridas cutâneas em coelhos]

This study aims to evaluate the influence of free omental graft without vascular microanastomosis (FOGWVA) on experimental skin healing in rabbits. Through celiotomy, a 9cm2 free omental fragment was collected in 36 rabbits, with subsequent production of a deep linear cutaneous wound in the dorsal midline measuring 3cm. In 18 animals from the omental group (OG), the omental fragment collected was fixed subcutaneously with six simple interrupted stitches using a 4-0 polyamide thread. In both treated and control (CG) groups, intradermal dermorrhaphy was performed with 4-0 polyamide thread. Experimental wounds were clinically evaluated every day. Each of the groups was divided into three subgroups of 6 animals each for histopathological evaluation on the 7th, 14th, and 28th days of postoperative. In the OG wounds, the increase in volume (omentum activation) stood out after the second postoperative day. Macroscopy showed an organic reaction to the graft on day 7, with a progressive reduction in addition to neovascularization towards the omental graft. The intense presence of mononuclear cells and collagen deposition on day 7 demonstrated an accelerated process of tissue remodeling and repair. The FOGWVA omental graft remained viable and positively influenced the cutaneous healing of the experimental wounds in rabbits.

Neste estudo, objetiva-se avaliar a influência do enxerto omental livre sem microanastomose vascular (FOGWVA) na cicatrização cutânea experimental em coelhos. Por meio de celiotomia, foi coletado fragmento omental livre de 9cm2 em 36 coelhos, com posterior produção de ferida cutânea profunda linear na linha média dorsal medindo 3cm. Apenas em 18 animais, do grupo omento (GO), o fragmento omental coletado foi fixado no subcutâneo com seis pontos simples interrompidos utilizando fio poliamida 4-0. Em ambos os grupos, tratado e controle (GC), efetuou-se dermorrafia intradérmica com fio poliamida 4-0. As feridas experimentais foram avaliadas clinicamente todos os dias. Cada um dos grupos foi dividido em três subgrupos, com seis animais cada, para avaliação anatomopatológica no sétimo, 14º e 28o dias de pós-operatório. Nas feridas do GO, destacou-se aumento de volume (ativação do omento) a partir do segundo dia pós-operatório. A macroscopia evidenciou reação orgânica ao enxerto no dia sete, com redução progressiva, além de neovascularização em direção ao enxerto omental. Intensa presença de células mononucleares e deposição de colágeno no dia sete demonstraram acelerado processo de remodelamento e reparo tecidual. O FOGWVA manteve-se viável e influenciou positivamente na cicatrização cutânea de feridas experimentais em coelhos.

Use of omentum flap for induction of free skin graft healing / [Utilização de flap de omento para indução da cicatrização de enxertos cutâneos]

The objective of this study was to assess healing induction of free skin grafts following transposition of omental flap through a subcutaneous tunnel to the recipient bed. Macroscopic and microscopic evaluations were performed. Nineteen piglets were used. Two surgical wounds were created of each subject. The graft removed from the left side (LS) was placed on the right side (RS) without the omental flap in the graft-bed (control group-CG). On the LS, an omental flap was placed between the graft removed from the RS and the recipient bed (omentum group-OG). Macroscopic evaluations showed edema, which gradually decreased on both groups. Suture dehiscence was highest at day 10 compared to other days in both groups. The CG had a higher incidence of unvitalized tissue compared to OG, although no difference was found among days of postoperative evaluation. The presence of unvitalized tissue was seen on 32% on OG and 53% on CG. Microscopic evaluations revealed higher collagenization, reepithelization, keratinization and less swelling in the OG compared to CG. In conclusion, mesh skin grafts evolved satisfactorily in swine even in newly created bedding without granulation tissue, but with appropriate vascularization. The omentum flap provided better macroscopic and microscopic outcomes regarding graft integration.

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a indução da cicatrização de enxertos cutâneos em malha após a utilização de flap de omento transposto através de túnel no subcutâneo até o leito receptor. Avaliações macroscópica e microscópica foram realizadas. Foram utilizados 19 suínos. Duas feridas cirúrgicas foram criadas em cada animal. O enxerto removido do lado esquerdo (LE) foi fixado do lado direito (LD), sem a presença do flap de omento entre o enxerto e o leito receptor (grupo controle - GC). No LE, foi fixado um flap de omento entre o enxerto cutâneo removido do LD e o leito receptor (grupo omento - GO). As avaliações macroscópicas mostraram que o edema diminuiu gradativamente em ambos os grupos. A deiscência foi maior no dia 10 em comparação aos demais dias, em ambos os grupos, entre os diferentes dias de avaliação. Foi verificada a presença de tecido desvitalizado em 32% do GO e em 53% no GC. Foi observada, na avaliação microscópica, maior colagenização, reepitelização, queratinização e menor edema no GO, quando comparado ao GC. Concluiu-se, com este estudo, que enxertos cutâneos em malha evoluíram satisfatoriamente em suínos, mesmo em leito receptor recém-criado e sem presença de tecido de granulação, desde que vascularizado, e que o flap de omento propiciou melhores resultados macro e microscópicos relativos à integração do enxerto.

Reconstrução prepucial com uso de enxerto combinado em cães / Preputial reconstruction combined with graft in dogs

Background: Preputial injuries are significant in the clinical routine. Traumas, conditions, and mass excision result in extensive and full-thickness defects that lead to chronic penile exposure and consequential injuries. Severe injuries may require preputial reconstructive surgery to restore function and aesthetics. The objective is to report the use of the preputial reconstruction technique using the caudal superficial epigastric axial standard flap associated with a single-stage, full-thickness oral mucosa graft in 3 dogs where the loss of the prepuce was significant. Cases: Three dogs were admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of UFMT with preputial lesions of different etiologies. All cases were referred for preventive reconstruction using a flap in the caudal axial epigastric pattern associated with a single-stage oral mucosa graft. In the 3 reported cases, changes that compromised surgical success, such as suture dehiscence, necrosis, or infection, were not observed during hospitalization. Cutaneous stitch dehiscence, however, was observed in all 3 cases. Dog 1. A small point of dehiscence and tissue necrosis was found and treated with chemical debridement and healed by second intention, which proved to be sufficient on the 30th day. Dog 2. A half-moon rotation flap was performed, which closed the defect. Dog 3. A new procedure using the reporting theme technique was necessary in order to cover the cranial portion of the foreskin. The dehiscence present in dogs 2 and 3 was significant. Flap retraction was observed in all 3 cases. In dogs 1 and 3, the retraction was slight, and the exposure of a small portion of the penile glans were observed, showing no changes that required intervention. In dog 2, retraction was important, leading to partial stenosis of the preputial ostium. A larger ostium was obtained by suturing the mucosa to the edge of the wedge. Considering the possibility of adhesion formation, "captons" were made in sterile silicone tubes, and sutures were placed in the dorsal and ventral aspects to prevent adherence of the oral mucosa graft located on the inside of the new foreskin. The captons were removed on the tenth post-operative day, revealing a good opening of the preputial orifice and adequate penile exposure. Discussion: The absence of a foreskin caused by trauma or surgical excision leads to chronic penile exposure, dryness, and ulcerations. The simple covering of the skin with an axial-type flap of the caudal superficial epigastric region tends to fail since only the graft edges are sutured into the abdominal skin. In these circumstances, the subcutaneous region on the penis is exposed and comes in direct contact with urine and the penile mucosa, causing the flap skin to grow to exacerbated retraction. The transplantation of a free-lip mucosa graft allows the subcutaneous region of the transposed skin flap to create adhesions in the fenestrated regions of the lip tissue through the formation of granulation tissue buds, which is performed in a single stage. The permanence of the penis protects the lower urinary system from the occurrence of infections relative to what is normally observed in cases where partial or total penile amputation is practiced in combination with adjunctive scrotal urethrostomy. Given the observations of the 3 cases described here, the technique of pre-facial reconstruction with an axial skin flap of the caudal superficial epigastric region, combined with free-labial mucosa graft, was found to be feasible for the single-stage foreskin technique, but that paraphimosis remanagement may be necessary when cutaneous portions of the penile skin caudal to the glans are removed.

Techniques of orthotopic renal transplantation. II. Size-matched porcine grafts in monkey recipients

ABSTRACT Purpose As a classical xenotransplantation model, porcine kidneys have been transplanted into the lower abdomen of non-human primates. However, we have improved upon this model by using size-matched grafting in the orthotopic position. The beneficial aspects and surgical details of our method are reported herein. Methods Donors were two newborn pigs (weighting 5 to 6 kg) and recipients were two cynomolgus monkeys (weighting, approximately, 7 kg). After bilateral nephrectomy, kidneys were cold-transported in Euro-Collins solution. The porcine kidney was transplanted to the site of a left nephrectomy and fixed to the peritoneum. Results Kidneys transplanted to the lower abdomen by the conventional method were more susceptible to torsion of the renal vein (two cases). In contrast, early-stage blood flow insufficiency did not occur in orthotopic transplants of theleft kidney. Conclusions Size-matched porcine-primate renal grafting using our method of transplanting tothe natural position of the kidneys contributes to stable post-transplant blood flow to the kidney.

Techniques of fragile renal organoids transplantation in mice

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a microsurgical technique to transplant extremely fragile renal organoids in vivo, created by in-vitro reaggregation of metanephros from fetal mice. These organoids in reaggregation and development were examined histologically after transplantation under the renal capsule. Methods: Initially, metanephros from fetal mice were enzymatically treated to form single cells, and spheroids were generated in vitro. Under a microscope, the renal capsule was detached to avoid bleeding, and the outer cylinder of the indwelling needle was inserted to detach the renal parenchyma from the renal capsule using water pressure. The reaggregated spheroid was aspirated from the culture plate using a syringe with an indwelling needle outer cylinder and carefully extruded under the capsule. Pathological analysis was performed to evaluate changes in reaggregated spheroids over time and the effects of co-culture of spinal cord and subcapsular implantation on maturation. Results: In vitro, the formation of luminal structures became clearer on day 5. These fragile organoids were successfully implanted without tissue crapes under the renal capsule and formed glomerular. The effect of spinal cord co-transplant was not obvious histrionically. Conclusions: A simple and easy method to transplant fragile spheroids and renal under the renal capsule without damage was developed.

Compatibility and initial development of grapevines BRS Magna grafted on different rootstocks / Compatibilidade e desenvolvimento inicial de videiras ‘BRS Magna enxertada em diferentes porta-enxertos

Rootstocks are widely used in viticulture due to their resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. Additionally, rootstocks can affect vine growth and fruit quality. This study evaluated the compatibility and initial developmental of the BRS Magna grafted on different rootstocks The wedge graft technique on woody cuttings was utilized. The percentage of survival ranged from 0% (VR043-43) to 98.33% (101-14 MGT), and the rootstock were grouped into three distinct groups. IAC 313 Tropical and SO4 rootstocks were those ones with the highest vigor in relation to initial shoot growth. However, IAC 572 Jales, Harmony, 3309 Couderc and Gravesac had the best balance between initial shoot growth and root development. The BRS Magna when grafted on rootstocks IAC 313 Tropical, SO4 and 101-14 MGT showed the highest initial development rates, while when grafted on R99, R110 and 420A, it showed the lowest initial development.(AU)

Os porta-enxertos são amplamente utilizados na viticultura devido à sua resistência aos estresses biótico e abiótico. Além disso, os porta-enxertos podem afetar o crescimento da videira e a qualidade dos frutos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a compatibilidade e o desenvolvimento inicial de videiras BRS Magna enxertada em diferentes porta-enxertos. A técnica de enxertia em fenda foi utilizada. A porcentagem de sobrevivência variou de 0% (VR043-43) a 98,33% (101-14 MGT) e os porta-enxertos foram agrupados em três grupos distintos. Os porta-enxertos IAC 313 Tropical e SO4 foram os de maior vigor em relação ao crescimento inicial da parte aérea. Já IAC 572 Jales, Harmony, 3309 Couderc e Gravesac tiveram o melhor equilíbrio entre o crescimento inicial da parte aérea e o desenvolvimento das raízes. BRS Magna quando enxertada nos porta-enxertos IAC 313 Tropical, SO4 e 101-14 MGT apresentou as maiores taxas de desenvolvimento inicial, enquanto que, quando enxertada em R99, R110 e 420A, apresentou os menores valores iniciais de desenvolvimento.(AU)

Diminuição do índice de necrose em enxertos cutâneos em coelhos mediante a aplicação de células tronco mesenquimais xenógenas / Reducing of the necrosis index in skin grafts in rabbits through application of xenogenous mesenchymal stem cells

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a inflamação em auto-enxertos cutâneos obtidos no terceiro, sétimo e décimo quarto dia de pós-operatório, além disso, buscou-se determinar diferenças no processo de cicatrização no grupo tratado com células tronco mesenquimais xenógenas em relação ao grupo controle utilizando a avaliação microscópica e imuno-histoquímico. A avaliação microscópica foi realizada utilizando cortes histológicos corados pela técnica de histoquímica com hematoxilina-eosina (HE), e a imuno-histoquímica, com cortes submetidos a anticorpos específicos. As variáveis analisadas foram quantidade de vasos, células inflamatórias, COX-2, Macrófagos e presença de necrose. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pelo software R. A quantidade de vasos foi maior (p<0,0001) no grupo tratamento (GT) durante o dia 3, enquanto no grupo controle (GC) foi maior no dia 7. No dia 3 houve menor porcentagem de necrose no grupo tratamento (GT) (p = 0,038). Nos demais dias avaliados não houve diferença entre a porcentagem de necrose observada nos dois tratamentos (p = 0,98), sendo de 53% para o grupo controle (GC) e 47% para o grupo tratamento (GT). Em relação ao número de macrófagos não houve diferença entre os grupos (p = 0,5637). Entretanto, entre os dias houve diferença significativa (p = 0,0223), sendo menor número de macrófagos no terceiro dia. A imunomarcação de COX-2 foi similar entre os grupos (p = 0,5637) e entre os dias (p = 0,9843). Portanto, o emprego das células tronco mesenquimais xenógenas em enxertos cutâneos promoveu menor ocorrência de necrose, favorecendo sua cicatrização, e não induziu o processo inflamatório, sendo assim factível seu uso em cirurgias reconstrutivas.

The present study aimed to assess inflammation in skin autografts obtained on the third, seventh and fourteenth postoperative day, in addition, it sought to determine differences in the healing process in the group treated with xenogenous mesenchymal stem cells in relation to to the control group using microscopic and immunohistochemical evaluation. Microscopic evaluation was performed using histological sections, stained by the hematoxylin-eosin (HE) histochemistry technique, and immunohistochemistry with sections were subjected to specific antibodies. The variables analyzed were the number of vessels, inflammatory cells (COX-2 and Macrophages) and the presence of necrosis. The data were analyzed statistically by software R. The number of vessels was higher (p< 0.0001) ) in the treatment group (GT) during day 3, while in the control group (CG) it was higher on day 7. On day 3 there was a lower percentage of necrosis in the treatment group (GT) (p = 0.038). On the other evaluated days, there was no difference between the percentage of necrosis observed in the two treatments (p = 0.98), being 53% for the control group (CG) and 47% for the treatment group (GT). Regarding the number of macrophages, there was no difference between groups (p = 0.5637). However, between days there was a significant difference (p = 0.0223), with a lower number of macrophages on the third day. The immunostaining of COX-2 was similar between groups (p = 0.5637) and between days (p = 0.9843). Therefore, the use of xenogenous mesenchymal stem cells in skin grafts promoted a lower occurrence of necrosis, favoring its healing, and did not induce the inflammatory process, thus making its use in reconstructive surgery feasible.

Diminuição do índice de necrose em enxertos cutâneos em coelhos mediante a aplicação de células tronco mesenquimais xenógenas / Reducing of the necrosis index in skin grafts in rabbits through application of xenogenous mesenchymal stem cells

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a inflamação em auto-enxertos cutâneos obtidos no terceiro, sétimo e décimo quarto dia de pós-operatório, além disso, buscou-se determinar diferenças no processo de cicatrização no grupo tratado com células tronco mesenquimais xenógenas em relação ao grupo controle utilizando a avaliação microscópica e imuno-histoquímico. A avaliação microscópica foi realizada utilizando cortes histológicos corados pela técnica de histoquímica com hematoxilina-eosina (HE), e a imuno-histoquímica, com cortes submetidos a anticorpos específicos. As variáveis analisadas foram quantidade de vasos, células inflamatórias, COX-2, Macrófagos e presença de necrose. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pelo software R. A quantidade de vasos foi maior (p<0,0001) no grupo tratamento (GT) durante o dia 3, enquanto no grupo controle (GC) foi maior no dia 7. No dia 3 houve menor porcentagem de necrose no grupo tratamento (GT) (p = 0,038). Nos demais dias avaliados não houve diferença entre a porcentagem de necrose observada nos dois tratamentos (p = 0,98), sendo de 53% para o grupo controle (GC) e 47% para o grupo tratamento (GT). Em relação ao número de macrófagos não houve diferença entre os grupos (p = 0,5637). Entretanto, entre os dias houve diferença significativa (p = 0,0223), sendo menor número de macrófagos no terceiro dia. A imunomarcação de COX-2 foi similar entre os grupos (p = 0,5637) e entre os dias (p = 0,9843). Portanto, o emprego das células tronco mesenquimais xenógenas em enxertos cutâneos promoveu menor ocorrência de necrose, favorecendo sua cicatrização, e não induziu o processo inflamatório, sendo assim factível seu uso em cirurgias reconstrutivas.(AU)

The present study aimed to assess inflammation in skin autografts obtained on the third, seventh and fourteenth postoperative day, in addition, it sought to determine differences in the healing process in the group treated with xenogenous mesenchymal stem cells in relation to to the control group using microscopic and immunohistochemical evaluation. Microscopic evaluation was performed using histological sections, stained by the hematoxylin-eosin (HE) histochemistry technique, and immunohistochemistry with sections were subjected to specific antibodies. The variables analyzed were the number of vessels, inflammatory cells (COX-2 and Macrophages) and the presence of necrosis. The data were analyzed statistically by software R. The number of vessels was higher (p< 0.0001) ) in the treatment group (GT) during day 3, while in the control group (CG) it was higher on day 7. On day 3 there was a lower percentage of necrosis in the treatment group (GT) (p = 0.038). On the other evaluated days, there was no difference between the percentage of necrosis observed in the two treatments (p = 0.98), being 53% for the control group (CG) and 47% for the treatment group (GT). Regarding the number of macrophages, there was no difference between groups (p = 0.5637). However, between days there was a significant difference (p = 0.0223), with a lower number of macrophages on the third day. The immunostaining of COX-2 was similar between groups (p = 0.5637) and between days (p = 0.9843). Therefore, the use of xenogenous mesenchymal stem cells in skin grafts promoted a lower occurrence of necrosis, favoring its healing, and did not induce the inflammatory process, thus making its use in reconstructive surgery feasible.(AU)

Enxerto cutâneo em semeadura associado à malha não aderente em membro pélvico de um cão / Island skin graft associated with non-adherent mesh in a dog's pelvic limb

Background: Large skin defects are caused by tumor excision, making appropriate reconstruction and complete healingof the lesion a challenge for surgeons. There are some difficulties in reaching these goals, especially in cases of surgicalwound in the limbs, due to the scarce amount of skin and its reduced elasticity, which limit the possibility of flaps whencompared to the head, neck, and trunk. This study reports a case of wound closure on the lateral skin in the femoral regionof a dog’s pelvic limb via island skin graft associated with the implantation of a non-adherent cellulose acetate mesh andintensive postoperative care.Case: An 8-year-old Rottweiler female dog was attended at Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná’s Veterinary Clinic(CVE) in Curitiba, Paraná, presenting a tumor located laterocaudally to the right stifle joint. After preoperative examinations the patient underwent tumor surgery; however, two more surgical procedures were required due to suture dehiscence in the region, which resulted in increased wound size. At first, the wound was treated for granulation tissue to beformed. Subsequently, the island skin grafting technique was chosen to close the wound, associated with the implantationof a non-adherent cellulose acetate mesh imbibed with petrolatum emulsion to keep the grafted fragments in place. Themesh was fixed in a simple interrupted suture pattern using 2-0 nylon thread. The lateral regions of the chest and abdomen were chosen as donor skin beds due to their large dimensions, skin elasticity, and ease in defect reconstruction. Thefragments were obtained using a 10-mm biopsy punch and scalpel, and the defects were sutured in a simple interruptedpattern using 2-0 nylon thread. The patient remained hospitalized for movement restriction and postoperative monitoringfor 72 h, and the bandage remained untouched during this time interval. Thereafter, the patient...

Enxerto cutâneo em semeadura associado à malha não aderente em membro pélvico de um cão / Island skin graft associated with non-adherent mesh in a dog's pelvic limb

Background: Large skin defects are caused by tumor excision, making appropriate reconstruction and complete healingof the lesion a challenge for surgeons. There are some difficulties in reaching these goals, especially in cases of surgicalwound in the limbs, due to the scarce amount of skin and its reduced elasticity, which limit the possibility of flaps whencompared to the head, neck, and trunk. This study reports a case of wound closure on the lateral skin in the femoral regionof a dogs pelvic limb via island skin graft associated with the implantation of a non-adherent cellulose acetate mesh andintensive postoperative care.Case: An 8-year-old Rottweiler female dog was attended at Pontifical Catholic University of Paranás Veterinary Clinic(CVE) in Curitiba, Paraná, presenting a tumor located laterocaudally to the right stifle joint. After preoperative examinations the patient underwent tumor surgery; however, two more surgical procedures were required due to suture dehiscence in the region, which resulted in increased wound size. At first, the wound was treated for granulation tissue to beformed. Subsequently, the island skin grafting technique was chosen to close the wound, associated with the implantationof a non-adherent cellulose acetate mesh imbibed with petrolatum emulsion to keep the grafted fragments in place. Themesh was fixed in a simple interrupted suture pattern using 2-0 nylon thread. The lateral regions of the chest and abdomen were chosen as donor skin beds due to their large dimensions, skin elasticity, and ease in defect reconstruction. Thefragments were obtained using a 10-mm biopsy punch and scalpel, and the defects were sutured in a simple interruptedpattern using 2-0 nylon thread. The patient remained hospitalized for movement restriction and postoperative monitoringfor 72 h, and the bandage remained untouched during this time interval. Thereafter, the patient...(AU)

Reabilitação de filhote órfão de andorinha-pequena-de-casa no Bosque e Zoológico Fábio Barreto em Ribeirão Preto / Rehabilitation of an orphan offspring of small home swallow conducted at the woods and zoo Fábio Barreto in Ribeirão Preto

O fenômeno do crescimento urbano afeta diretamente a fauna que vive ao redor das cidades devido à invasão das construções no habitat natural dos animais, obrigando-os a se adaptarem ao meio urbano. A interação entre seres humanos e animais dentro das cidades contribui para que animais traumatizados ou filhotes órfãos cheguem aos Centros de Triagem de Animais Silvestres (CETAS). O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar o caso de um exemplar de Andorinha-pequena-de-casa (Pygochelidon cyanoleuca). Trata-se de um filhote órfão, que foi entregue por munícipes no Bosque e Zoológico Fábio Barreto, em Ribeirão Preto. Essa espécie de andorinha se alimenta de insetos capturados durante o voo, porém, o filhote recusou todos os insetos oferecidos, obrigando a equipe do zoológico a optar por uma dieta alternativa, a qual obteve sucesso, suprindo as necessidades nutricionais em casos de emergência, quando comparada com a dieta à base de insetos, como demonstra o trabalho. O filhote foi submetido a enxerto de penas para acelerar sua reabilitação, porém, esse procedimento é difícil de ser realizado em andorinhas devido ao pequeno tamanho do animal, o que ainda não havia sido relatado na literatura. A dieta alternativa e o enxerto de penas relatados neste trabalho podem contribuir para que outros profissionais realizem os mesmos procedimentos.

The urban growth phenomenon directly affects the fauna living around towns and cities, which is caused by the invasion of constructions in animals' natural habitats, forcing them to adapt to the urban environment. The interaction between human beings and the fauna located in towns and cities contributes for the arrival of traumatized adult animals or their offspring at Wildlife Screening Centers (CETAS – Centros de Triagem de Animais Silvestres). The aim of this paper is to report the events which happened to a bird specimen, specifically the small home swallow (Pygochelidon cyanoleuca). It was an orphan offspring, which was delivered by citizens to the Woods Zoo Fábio Barreto, in Ribeirão Preto/SP. This species of swallow eats insects captured during flight. However, the bird refused to feed from the insects offered, forcing the zoo's team of caregivers to create an alternative diet, which was successful, by providing all nutritional needs in emergency cases such as this, when compared to an insect-based diet, as demonstrated in this paper. The offspring was submitted to feather grafts in order to speed up its rehabilitation, despite the fact that this procedure is difficult in swallows, due to the bird's small size, this event has not been reported so far in the literature. The alternative diet and the feather grafts reported in this paper may contribute to help other professionals to develop these procedures.

Reabilitação de filhote órfão de andorinha-pequena-de-casa no Bosque e Zoológico Fábio Barreto em Ribeirão Preto / Rehabilitation of an orphan offspring of small home swallow conducted at the woods and zoo Fábio Barreto in Ribeirão Preto

O fenômeno do crescimento urbano afeta diretamente a fauna que vive ao redor das cidades devido à invasão das construções no habitat natural dos animais, obrigando-os a se adaptarem ao meio urbano. A interação entre seres humanos e animais dentro das cidades contribui para que animais traumatizados ou filhotes órfãos cheguem aos Centros de Triagem de Animais Silvestres (CETAS). O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar o caso de um exemplar de Andorinha-pequena-de-casa (Pygochelidon cyanoleuca). Trata-se de um filhote órfão, que foi entregue por munícipes no Bosque e Zoológico Fábio Barreto, em Ribeirão Preto. Essa espécie de andorinha se alimenta de insetos capturados durante o voo, porém, o filhote recusou todos os insetos oferecidos, obrigando a equipe do zoológico a optar por uma dieta alternativa, a qual obteve sucesso, suprindo as necessidades nutricionais em casos de emergência, quando comparada com a dieta à base de insetos, como demonstra o trabalho. O filhote foi submetido a enxerto de penas para acelerar sua reabilitação, porém, esse procedimento é difícil de ser realizado em andorinhas devido ao pequeno tamanho do animal, o que ainda não havia sido relatado na literatura. A dieta alternativa e o enxerto de penas relatados neste trabalho podem contribuir para que outros profissionais realizem os mesmos procedimentos.(AU)

The urban growth phenomenon directly affects the fauna living around towns and cities, which is caused by the invasion of constructions in animals' natural habitats, forcing them to adapt to the urban environment. The interaction between human beings and the fauna located in towns and cities contributes for the arrival of traumatized adult animals or their offspring at Wildlife Screening Centers (CETAS Centros de Triagem de Animais Silvestres). The aim of this paper is to report the events which happened to a bird specimen, specifically the small home swallow (Pygochelidon cyanoleuca). It was an orphan offspring, which was delivered by citizens to the Woods Zoo Fábio Barreto, in Ribeirão Preto/SP. This species of swallow eats insects captured during flight. However, the bird refused to feed from the insects offered, forcing the zoo's team of caregivers to create an alternative diet, which was successful, by providing all nutritional needs in emergency cases such as this, when compared to an insect-based diet, as demonstrated in this paper. The offspring was submitted to feather grafts in order to speed up its rehabilitation, despite the fact that this procedure is difficult in swallows, due to the bird's small size, this event has not been reported so far in the literature. The alternative diet and the feather grafts reported in this paper may contribute to help other professionals to develop these procedures.(AU)

Oral mucosa transplantation may improve tear film osmolarity in dogs with keratoconjunctivitis sicca - a preliminary study / [Transplante da mucosa oral na melhoria da osmolaridade do filme lacrimal em cães com ceratoconjuntivite seca - estudo preliminar]

The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of cyclosporine 1% alone or associated with oral mucosa transplantation (OMT) in dogs with dry keratoconjunctivitis (KCS). Schirmer Tear Test (STT-1) and Tear Film Osmolarity (TFO) were measured in both eyes of 30 adult dogs (before and 45 days after treatment. The animals were divided into three groups (10 dogs for group): control (normal dogs), group I (GI, treated with 1% cyclosporine alone), and group II (GII, treated with 1% cyclosporine and OMT). All STT-1 and TFO values were subjected to the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, and all were normally distributed. STT-1 and TFO values before and after treatment were subjected to the T-Student Test. The STT­1 and TFO values of the right eye were subjected to Repeated Measures ANOVA followed by a Tukey Test for comparison between groups I and II. Means with a value of p≤0.05 were considered significant. There was a decreased osmolarity in both groups after treatment. Mean osmolarity in GII (322.60±16.56 mOsm/L) was significantly lower than GI (336.40±5.66 mOsm/L). The OMT associated with cyclosporine 1% improved the osmolarity of the tear film in dogs with KCS with a seeming synergism between the clinical and surgical treatments.(AU)

Avaliou-se o uso de ciclosporina 1% isolada ou associada ao transplante de mucosa oral (TMO) em cães com ceratoconjuntivite seca (CCS). O teste lacrimal de Schirmer (TLS-1) e a osmolaridade do filme lacrimal (OFL) foram medidos em ambos os olhos, em 30 cães adultos, antes e 45 dias após o tratamento. Os animais foram divididos em três grupos (10 cães por grupo): controle (cães saudáveis), grupo I (GI, tratados apenas com ciclosporina 1%) e grupo II (GII, tratados com 1% de ciclosporina associada ao TMO). Todos os valores do TLS-1 e da OFL foram submetidos ao teste de normalidade Shapiro-Wilk, e todos foram distribuídos normalmente. Os valores de TLS-1 e OFT antes e depois do tratamento foram submetidos ao teste T-Student. Os valores TLS-1 e OFT do olho direito foram submetidos à ANOVA de medidas repetidas, seguida por um teste de Tukey para comparação entre os grupos I e II. Valor de P≤0,05 foi considerado significativo. Houve uma diminuição da osmolaridade em ambos os grupos após o tratamento. A osmolaridade média no GII (322,60±16,56 mOsm/L) foi significativamente inferior à no GI (336,40±5,66 mOsm/L). O TMO associado à ciclosporina 1% melhorou a osmolaridade do filme lacrimal em cães com CCS, com uma sinergia aparente entre os tratamentos clínicos e cirúrgicos.(AU)

Cirurgia corretiva para coloboma palpebral em um felino através da técnica de transposição da comissura labial / Corrective surgery for palpebral coloboma in a feline using the technique of transposition of the lip commissure

Background: Eyelid coloboma is considered a disease caused by failure in eye development during the first semester of pregnancy. In felines, its prevalence occurs in the upper eyelids, temporal region, and bilaterally. Coloboma, whether to a large or small extent, can lead to keratoconjunctivitis sicca and trichiasis, situations that can give rise to secondary ulcerative keratitis. The only corrective method is blepharoplasty. The current work aims to report the case of corrective surgery for eyelid coloboma in a feline with a successful postoperative period, in order to corroborate the effectiveness of the technique. We also report a finding of persistent pupillary membrane. Case: A 7-month-old male feline, no defined breed, was analyzed with a purulent mucus secretion and signs of discomfort in the right eye. After the ophthalmic screening, the presence of a coloboma was identified, which occupied approximately 50% of the size of the upper eyelid, in the temporal-dorsal region of the right eye. The cat had already undergone an enucleation of the left eye due to a perforation arising from ulcerative keratitis. Together with coloboma, the presence of blepharospasm, trichiasis, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, and secondary ulcerative keratitis were diagnosed. The presence of persistent pupillary membrane was also observed, a rare condition in the feline species. To confirm the ulcer, the fluorescein test was applied and treatment with antibiotic eye drops and lacrimomimetics (tear film replacements) drops was administered until the day of surgery, one week later. Concomitant with the institution of treatment prior to surgery, blood was collected for complementary pre-surgical tests such as blood count and biochemistry, which demonstrated satisfactory results. Corrective surgery was then instituted by the technique of transposing the labial commissure...