Megalobulimus dryades, a new species from the Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil, and redescription of Megalobulimus gummatus (Gastropoda: Strophocheilidae)

Abstract Megalobulimus dryades sp. nov. is described from the Atlantic Forest in the Vale do Ribeira region, in the states of Paraná and São Paulo, S-SE Brazil, based on morphology. Representatives of the new species with white peristome and glossy periostracum have been misidentified as Megalobulimus gummatus (Hidalgo, 1870) since the 19th Century. The true M. gummatus is revised and redescribed, and its distribution is here restricted to Rio de Janeiro state. Externally, the new species differs from M. gummatus in having distinct protoconch color and sculpture, teleoconch sculpture marked by strong anastomosing rugosities and malleations, and lighter colored white-greyish head-foot. Internally, it presents distinct jaw and radular features, a talon, and a long convoluted penis bearing two flagella. Additional comparisons with other Brazilian congeneric species are also provided.

Megalobulimus dryades, a new species from the Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil, and redescription of Megalobulimus gummatus (Gastropoda: Strophocheilidae)

Abstract Megalobulimus dryades sp. nov. is described from the Atlantic Forest in the Vale do Ribeira region, in the states of Paraná and São Paulo, S-SE Brazil, based on morphology. Representatives of the new species with white peristome and glossy periostracum have been misidentified as Megalobulimus gummatus (Hidalgo, 1870) since the 19th Century. The true M. gummatus is revised and redescribed, and its distribution is here restricted to Rio de Janeiro state. Externally, the new species differs from M. gummatus in having distinct protoconch color and sculpture, teleoconch sculpture marked by strong anastomosing rugosities and malleations, and lighter colored white-greyish head-foot. Internally, it presents distinct jaw and radular features, a talon, and a long convoluted penis bearing two flagella. Additional comparisons with other Brazilian congeneric species are also provided.

Two new species of monogenoidean parasites (Platyhelminthes: Neodermata) of ornamental fish of Loricariidae (Siluriformes) from the Xingu River, Brazilian Amazon

ABSTRACT Two new monogenoidean species of Unilatus Mizelle & Kritsky, 1967 found in the gills of loricariids in the Lower Xingu-Iriri rivers are described: Unilatus humboldtii sp. nov. from Baryancistrus niveatus (Castelnau, 1855), Panaque armbrusteri Lujan, Hidalgo & Stewart, 2010, Pseudacanthicus sp. (type-host), and Scobinancistrus aureatus Burgess, 1994; and Unilatus luciarappae sp. nov. from P. armbrusteri. Unilatus humboldtii sp. nov. is distinguished from other congeneric species due to its anterior anchor with well-developed superficial root with depressed or truncated distal portion, and inconspicuous or reduced deep root; anterior bar with posteromedial projection; hooks of pair 1 with dilated shaft comprising 2/3 of the hook length; spiraled male copulatory organ with approximately 16-18 counterclockwise loops. Unilatus luciarappae sp. nov. is characterized by having anterior anchor with well-developed superficial root and reduced deep root, slightly curved shaft, elongated, slightly curved, and tapered point; spiraled MCO with approximately 18-19 counterclockwise loops, with median distal bulbous portion and remaining portion tapered and elongated, comprising 1/4 of the body length; and accessory piece comprising approximately 2/3 of the MCO length. More than fifty years after the description of the type species of Unilatus from an artificial environment (U.S. aquaria), this study represents the first formal record and description of Unilatus species from hosts collected in natural habitats in the Xingu River. Considering the impact of the Belo Monte dam on the formerly pristine conditions of the study region and the importance of loricariids for the ornamental fish trade, we recommend monitoring monogenoidean diversity, parasite-host interaction, as well as the dispersion patterns and pathogenicity of these parasites.

Two new species of monogenoidean parasites (Platyhelminthes: Neodermata) of ornamental fish of Loricariidae (Siluriformes) from the Xingu River, Brazilian Amazon

Two new monogenoidean species of Unilatus Mizelle & Kritsky, 1967 found in the gills of loricariids in the Lower Xingu-Iriri rivers are described: Unilatus humboldtii sp. nov. from Baryancistrus niveatus (Castelnau, 1855), Panaque armbrusteri Lujan, Hidalgo & Stewart, 2010, Pseudacanthicus sp. (type-host), and Scobinancistrus aureatus Burgess, 1994; and Unilatus luciarappae sp. nov. from P. armbrusteri. Unilatus humboldtii sp. nov. is distinguished from other congeneric species due to its anterior anchor with well-developed superficial root with depressed or truncated distal portion, and inconspicuous or reduced deep root; anterior bar with posteromedial projection; hooks of pair 1 with dilated shaft comprising 2/3 of the hook length; spiraled male copulatory organ with approximately 16-18 counterclockwise loops. Unilatus luciarappae sp. nov. is characterized by having anterior anchor with well-developed superficial root and reduced deep root, slightly curved shaft, elongated, slightly curved, and tapered point; spiraled MCO with approximately 18-19 counterclockwise loops, with median distal bulbous portion and remaining portion tapered and elongated, comprising 1/4 of the body length; and accessory piece comprising approximately 2/3 of the MCO length. More than fifty years after the description of the type species of Unilatus from an artificial environment (U.S. aquaria), this study represents the first formal record and description of Unilatus species from hosts collected in natural habitats in the Xingu River. Considering the impact of the Belo Monte dam on the formerly pristine conditions of the study region and the importance of loricariids for the ornamental fish trade, we recommend monitoring monogenoidean diversity, parasite-host interaction, as well as the dispersion patterns and pathogenicity of these parasites.(AU)

Two new species of monogenoidean parasites (Platyhelminthes: Neodermata) of ornamental fish of Loricariidae (Siluriformes) from the Xingu River, Brazilian Amazon

Two new monogenoidean species of Unilatus Mizelle & Kritsky, 1967 found in the gills of loricariids in the Lower Xingu-Iriri rivers are described: Unilatus humboldtii sp. nov. from Baryancistrus niveatus (Castelnau, 1855), Panaque armbrusteri Lujan, Hidalgo & Stewart, 2010, Pseudacanthicus sp. (type-host), and Scobinancistrus aureatus Burgess, 1994; and Unilatus luciarappae sp. nov. from P. armbrusteri. Unilatus humboldtii sp. nov. is distinguished from other congeneric species due to its anterior anchor with well-developed superficial root with depressed or truncated distal portion, and inconspicuous or reduced deep root; anterior bar with posteromedial projection; hooks of pair 1 with dilated shaft comprising 2/3 of the hook length; spiraled male copulatory organ with approximately 16-18 counterclockwise loops. Unilatus luciarappae sp. nov. is characterized by having anterior anchor with well-developed superficial root and reduced deep root, slightly curved shaft, elongated, slightly curved, and tapered point; spiraled MCO with approximately 18-19 counterclockwise loops, with median distal bulbous portion and remaining portion tapered and elongated, comprising 1/4 of the body length; and accessory piece comprising approximately 2/3 of the MCO length. More than fifty years after the description of the type species of Unilatus from an artificial environment (U.S. aquaria), this study represents the first formal record and description of Unilatus species from hosts collected in natural habitats in the Xingu River. Considering the impact of the Belo Monte dam on the formerly pristine conditions of the study region and the importance of loricariids for the ornamental fish trade, we recommend monitoring monogenoidean diversity, parasite-host interaction, as well as the dispersion patterns and pathogenicity of these parasites.(AU)

Megalobulimus dryades, a new species from the Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil, and redescription of Megalobulimus gummatus(Gastropoda: Strophocheilidae)

Megalobulimus dryadessp. nov. is described from the Atlantic Forest in the Vale do Ribeira region, in the states of Paraná and São Paulo, S-SE Brazil, based on morphology. Representatives of the new species with white peristome and glossy periostracum have been misidentified as Megalobulimus gummatus (Hidalgo, 1870) since the 19th Century. The true M. gummatus is revised and redescribed, and its distribution is here restricted to Rio de Janeiro state. Externally, the new species differs from M. gummatus in having distinct protoconch color and sculpture, teleoconch sculpture marked by strong anastomosing rugosities and malleations, and lighter colored white-greyish head-foot. Internally, it presents distinct jaw and radular features, a talon, and a long convoluted penis bearing two flagella. Additional comparisons with other Brazilian congeneric species are also provided.(AU)

Species of Anisakidae nematodes and Clinostomum spp. infecting lisa Mugil curema (Mugilidae) intended for human consumption in Mexico / Espécies de nematoides Anisakidae e Clinostomum spp. infectando tainhas Mugil curema (Mugilidae) destinadas ao consumo humano no México

Anisakisspp. nematodes are potentially zoonotic parasites; that infects a wide variety of aquatic species worldwide, with marine fish being the paratenic hosts. The aim of study was identify the presence of Anisakidae nematodes, and other parasites in Mugil curema . A total of 96 M . curema obtained from local markets in Tulancingo, Hidalgo, Mexico, were analyzed by necropsy. Only five M . curema present nematode collection in epaxial muscle. The tissues with the highest prevalence of parasites were identified, and samples of epaxial muscle with larval migration analyzed by histopathology. Visible parasites in necropsy tissues were classified according to their morphology. Nematode found in the liver were Contracaecum spp. (41.17%) and Pseudoterranova spp. third stage (7.36%); in the caudal part of the kidney were Anisakis spp. (13.23%), Pseudoterranova spp. third stage (11.77%) and Contracaecum spp. (5.88%); and in epaxial muscle were Anisakis spp. Larva I (5.88%) and Pseudoterranova spp (4.42%). In one fish, Clinostomum spp. was detected in epaxial caudal muscle. The present work reports for the first time the presence of nematodes of the family Anisakidae and Clinostonum spp. metacercariae, with zoonotic potential, in M . curema intended for human consumption in Tulancingo, Hidalgo, Mexico.(AU)

Anisakisspp. são parasitas potencialmente zoonóticos que infectam uma grande variedade de espécies aquáticas em todo o mundo, sendo os peixes marinhos hospedeiros paratênicos. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a presença de nematóides da família Anisakidae e de outros parasitas em peixes Mugil curema . Um total de 96 M . curema , obtidos em mercados locais em Tulancingo, Hidalgo, México, foram submetidos a necropsia. Apenas cinco M. curema apresentaram coleção de nematóides no músculo epaxial. Os tecidos com maior prevalência de parasitas foram identificados e amostras do músculo epaxial com migração larval foram analisadas por histopatologia. Os nematóides encontrados no fígado foram Contracaecum spp. (41,17%) e Pseudoterranova spp. terceira etapa (7,36%); na parte caudal do rim Anisakis spp. (13,23%), Pseudoterranova spp. terceira etapa (11,77%) e Contracaecum spp. (5,88%); e no músculo epaxial Anisakis spp. larva I (5,88%) e Pseudoterranova spp. (4,42%). Em um peixe, Clinostomum spp. foi detectado no músculo caudal epaxial. O presente trabalho relata pela primeira vez a presença de nematóides da família Anisakidae e Clinostonum spp. metacercárias, com potencial zoonótico, em M. curema destinado ao consumo humano em Tulancingo, Hidalgo, México.(AU)

Leucism in the giant fruit-eating bat (Artibeus lituratus Olfers, 1818) in the state of Hidalgo, Mexico

We report the capture of one bat of the species Artibeus lituratus, with a leucistic coloration pattern. The specimen was captured on March 20th, 2012, at 22:30 h, in the proximities of Zoquitipan, municipality of Yahualica, in the Huasteca region of the state of Hidalgo, Mexico, while conducting bat samplings in the area. The vegetation is tropical secondary forest, with areas used for extensive cattle ranching. The specimen is the second of the species caught with this color variation in the same region of Hidalgo, where other individuals of Artibeus jamaicensis and Sturnira ludovici had also been captured with this coloration anomaly.

Leucism in the giant fruit-eating bat (Artibeus lituratus Olfers, 1818) in the state of Hidalgo, Mexico

We report the capture of one bat of the species Artibeus lituratus, with a leucistic coloration pattern. The specimen was captured on March 20th, 2012, at 22:30 h, in the proximities of Zoquitipan, municipality of Yahualica, in the Huasteca region of the state of Hidalgo, Mexico, while conducting bat samplings in the area. The vegetation is tropical secondary forest, with areas used for extensive cattle ranching. The specimen is the second of the species caught with this color variation in the same region of Hidalgo, where other individuals of Artibeus jamaicensis and Sturnira ludovici had also been captured with this coloration anomaly.(AU)

Registro de leucismo en Sturnira ludovici y Artibeus jamaicensis (Phyllostomidae) en México

Los organismos pueden exhibir variaciones en su coloración natural debido a mutaciones genéticas, por ejemplo el leucismo que se traduce en la pérdida total o parcial de pigmentos en la piel o pelo. En murciélagos se han reportados pocos casos de leucismo, en América latina solo se ha registrado en 18 especies. En este trabajo, se documenta el primer registro de leucismo en Sturnira ludovici y el segundo en Artibeus jamaicensis procedentes de la región Huasteca del estado de Hidalgo, México.

Organisms may exhibit natural variations in color due to genetic mutations, such as leucism which results in partial or total loss of pigment in the skin or hair. Leucism in bats is rarely reported in the literature, in Latin America it is only known in 18 species. In this paper, we documented the first record of leucism in Sturnira ludovici and the second for Artibeus jamaicensis in the Huasteca region of Hidalgo State, Mexico.

Leucism in live species of bats from México

Leucism is a partial hypopigmentary congenital disorder previously recorded in México in seven bat specimens of six species. In August 2009, in the state of Hidalgo, we caught one Sturnira ludovici and one Artibeus watershousii was caught in April 2010, in Guerrero. Leucism has not been frequently reported and it may be more common than suggested by pubblished results. In order to evalute this supposition, we cheked the mammal collection of the Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (Instituto Politécnico Nacional) to look for other evidences of leucism in bats. We found siz more specimens, three Artibeus jamaicensis and three Tadarida brasiliensis with this condition. These specimens raise to 16 the records of bats of nine species with leucism in México.

Leucism in live species of bats from México

Leucism is a partial hypopigmentary congenital disorder previously recorded in México in seven bat specimens of six species. In August 2009, in the state of Hidalgo, we caught one Sturnira ludovici and one Artibeus watershousii was caught in April 2010, in Guerrero. Leucism has not been frequently reported and it may be more common than suggested by pubblished results. In order to evalute this supposition, we cheked the mammal collection of the Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (Instituto Politécnico Nacional) to look for other evidences of leucism in bats. We found siz more specimens, three Artibeus jamaicensis and three Tadarida brasiliensis with this condition. These specimens raise to 16 the records of bats of nine species with leucism in México.(AU)

Registro de leucismo en Sturnira ludovici y Artibeus jamaicensis (Phyllostomidae) en México

Los organismos pueden exhibir variaciones en su coloración natural debido a mutaciones genéticas, por ejemplo el leucismo que se traduce en la pérdida total o parcial de pigmentos en la piel o pelo. En murciélagos se han reportados pocos casos de leucismo, en América latina solo se ha registrado en 18 especies. En este trabajo, se documenta el primer registro de leucismo en Sturnira ludovici y el segundo en Artibeus jamaicensis procedentes de la región Huasteca del estado de Hidalgo, México.  

Organisms may exhibit natural variations in color due to genetic mutations, such as leucism which results in partial or total loss of pigment in the skin or hair. Leucism in bats is rarely reported in the literature, in Latin America it is only known in 18 species. In this paper, we documented the first record of leucism in Sturnira ludovici and the second for Artibeus jamaicensis in the Huasteca region of Hidalgo State, Mexico.