Treatment of experimentally induced partial-thickness burns in rats with different silver-impregnated dressings

Purpose: To evaluate the morphometric, macroscopic and microscopic aspects of experimentally induced partial-thickness burns in rats treated with different silver-based dressings. Methods: Wistar rats were used, divided into six treatments: saline (NaCl 0.9%); silver sulfadiazine 1%; Silvercel; Mepilex Ag; Aquacel Ag and Acticoat. The animals were monitored daily and euthanized at 7, 14 and 30 days after injury induction (DAI). Results: At 7 DAI, necrosis/crust was greater in control, silver sulfadiazine and Mepilex Ag treatments, granulation tissue was induced by Aquacel Ag, polymorphonuclear infiltrate (PMN) infiltration was intensified by Mepilex Ag; mononuclear infiltrate (MN) infiltration and angiogenesis were increased by Silvercel. At 14 DAI, hemorrhage was decreased by Silvercel and Mepilex Ag, PMN infiltration increased by Acticoat. At 30 DAI, angiogenesis was greater in the Acticoat treatment and fibroblasts were increased by Acticoat and Mepilex Ag. Collagen was induced at 14 DAI by silver sulfadiazine and Aquacel Ag and, at 30 DAI, by silver sulfadiazine and Silvercel treatments. Conclusions: Silvercel and Acticoat presented better results than the other products. However, all the dressings were better than the control at some point during the process, and may contribute to the healing of partial thickness burns. Silvercel and Aquacel Ag treatments induced better cosmetic outcomes regarding wound closure and scarring.

Uso de hidrocoloide no tratamento de ferida térmica em cão / Hydrocolloid use in the treatment of thermal injury in a dog

Background: Thermal injury is one of the most common type of skin damage found in clinical care, which results in achronic wound. The treatment of chronic wounds should be specific, because it has a greater vulnerability of the organismto the external agents input. So, the treatment can be performed with covers to keep the lesion clean and free of contamination and also promote healing. Considering the amount of products available for the treatment, as well as the scarcityof studies in the literature proving the effectiveness of hydrocolloid in dogs, the aim of this case report was to describe athird degree burn wound in the sternal region of a dog treated with this material.Case: A 2-year-old non-castraded German Spitz dog, was attended in a private veterinary clinic located in Ribeirão Pretocity, São Paulo state. The animal was submitted to general anesthesia for microneedling session to treat alopecia “X”,and after the procedure, it showed a burn focus due to the resting time on the thermal mattress, affecting the entire sternalregion. The choice treatment was a surgical debridement followed by second intention healing. The superficial crust of thewound was removed and the debridement of almost all the tissue that was not fit for healing was continued, resulting in awide wound, with healthy tissue and only a small portion of devitalized musculature. On the same day, the daily dressingphase with crystal sugar was started, in order to promote the debridement of the remaining devitalized tissue and enablethe appearance of granulation tissue, together with the asepsis provided by the chlorhexidine ointment (0.7 g/100mL).After five days, the wound presented with ascending granulation, with no signs of contamination and minimal residue ofdevitalized tissue. Then, the treatment with the hydrocolloid plate was chosen, which was cut and molded to the wound...

Uso de hidrocoloide no tratamento de ferida térmica em cão / Hydrocolloid use in the treatment of thermal injury in a dog

Background: Thermal injury is one of the most common type of skin damage found in clinical care, which results in achronic wound. The treatment of chronic wounds should be specific, because it has a greater vulnerability of the organismto the external agents input. So, the treatment can be performed with covers to keep the lesion clean and free of contamination and also promote healing. Considering the amount of products available for the treatment, as well as the scarcityof studies in the literature proving the effectiveness of hydrocolloid in dogs, the aim of this case report was to describe athird degree burn wound in the sternal region of a dog treated with this material.Case: A 2-year-old non-castraded German Spitz dog, was attended in a private veterinary clinic located in Ribeirão Pretocity, São Paulo state. The animal was submitted to general anesthesia for microneedling session to treat alopecia “X”,and after the procedure, it showed a burn focus due to the resting time on the thermal mattress, affecting the entire sternalregion. The choice treatment was a surgical debridement followed by second intention healing. The superficial crust of thewound was removed and the debridement of almost all the tissue that was not fit for healing was continued, resulting in awide wound, with healthy tissue and only a small portion of devitalized musculature. On the same day, the daily dressingphase with crystal sugar was started, in order to promote the debridement of the remaining devitalized tissue and enablethe appearance of granulation tissue, together with the asepsis provided by the chlorhexidine ointment (0.7 g/100mL).After five days, the wound presented with ascending granulation, with no signs of contamination and minimal residue ofdevitalized tissue. Then, the treatment with the hydrocolloid plate was chosen, which was cut and molded to the wound...(AU)

Exérese de fibrossarcoma em membro torácico direito e reconstrução com enxerto autólogo de espessura completa em cão / Excision of a fibrosarcoma in the right forelimb and reconstruction with full-thickness autologous graft in a dog

Background: Fibrosarcomas are malignant neoplasms originating from fibroblasts that are normally located in the skin, subcutaneous tissue and adjacent to bones. The main treatment for fibrosarcoma is surgery. The removal of large neoplasms from dogs’ limbs usually leads to the formation of large skin defects, often preventing primary occlusion and thus requiring reconstructive surgery to close the wound. This paper reports on the surgical procedure and postoperative complications pursuant to the excision of a fibrosarcoma in the right forelimb and reconstruction with a full-thickness autologous graft in a dog. Case: A 12-year-old Brazilian mastiff presenting a nodule located in the distal segment of the right forelimb, which had grown over a 2-year period, was referred for clinical evaluation. Blood and imaging tests were performed, which showed no changes and excluded the possibility of metastasis. The cytological examination was suggestive of a mesenchymal neoplasm. The patient underwent tumor excision surgery followed by reconstructive surgery with a full-thickness autologous graft to close the defect. The neoplasm was excised by means of a circular geometric figure incision using a 3 cm margin. The defect resulting from removal of the tumor was kept constantly moistened and wrapped in surgical compresses until grafting was performed. The graft was harvested from the region of the right flank based on a surgical field mold taken from the recipient bed. After harvesting the graft, all the subcutaneous tissue was removed until the hair follicles were visible. Fenestrations were then made throughout the entire graft and it was placed in the recipient bed and...

Exérese de fibrossarcoma em membro torácico direito e reconstrução com enxerto autólogo de espessura completa em cão / Excision of a fibrosarcoma in the right forelimb and reconstruction with full-thickness autologous graft in a dog

Background: Fibrosarcomas are malignant neoplasms originating from fibroblasts that are normally located in the skin, subcutaneous tissue and adjacent to bones. The main treatment for fibrosarcoma is surgery. The removal of large neoplasms from dogs limbs usually leads to the formation of large skin defects, often preventing primary occlusion and thus requiring reconstructive surgery to close the wound. This paper reports on the surgical procedure and postoperative complications pursuant to the excision of a fibrosarcoma in the right forelimb and reconstruction with a full-thickness autologous graft in a dog. Case: A 12-year-old Brazilian mastiff presenting a nodule located in the distal segment of the right forelimb, which had grown over a 2-year period, was referred for clinical evaluation. Blood and imaging tests were performed, which showed no changes and excluded the possibility of metastasis. The cytological examination was suggestive of a mesenchymal neoplasm. The patient underwent tumor excision surgery followed by reconstructive surgery with a full-thickness autologous graft to close the defect. The neoplasm was excised by means of a circular geometric figure incision using a 3 cm margin. The defect resulting from removal of the tumor was kept constantly moistened and wrapped in surgical compresses until grafting was performed. The graft was harvested from the region of the right flank based on a surgical field mold taken from the recipient bed. After harvesting the graft, all the subcutaneous tissue was removed until the hair follicles were visible. Fenestrations were then made throughout the entire graft and it was placed in the recipient bed and...(AU)

Composição química e aceitabilidade de pão sem glúten desenvolvido com mucilagem de quiabo / Chemical composition and acceptance of gluten-free bread developed with okra mucilage

Com objetivo de produzir pão sem glúten com composição química aprimorada e boa qualidade sensorial, foram elaboradas três formulações com diferentes quantidades de mucilagem de quiabo: (F0) 0 mL; (F1) 100 mL; (F2) 150mL. Determinou-se: rendimento da mucilagem, composição centesimal, valor calórico e atributos sensoriais dos pães por meio de escala hedônica. A mucilagem aumentou o rendimento das F1 e F2. Não houve diferença no teor de proteínas e o teor de lipídios de 7,9 g 100 g-1 (F1) e 6,0 g 100 g-1 (F2) foram inferiores ao da F0. A umidade da F1 (32,15 g 100 g-1) foi menor que nas demais formulações, enquanto cinzas (0,70 g 100 g-1), carboidrato (56,75 g 100 g-1) e valor calórico (308,1 kcal 100 g-1) foram superiores. No teste sensorial, todos os atributos foram avaliados nas categorias “gostei ligeiramente” e “gostei extremamente” pela maioria dos julgadores. A F1 obteve avaliações superiores às da F2 para textura, cor e impressão global e não diferiu em nenhum dos atributos na F0. Conclui-se que a F1 pode ser uma opção viável na busca de pão sem glúten com composição química aprimorada, por conter menor teor de lipídio e umidade, maior teor de cinzas e boa aceitação sensorial.

With the goal of producing gluten-free bread with improved chemical composition and good sensorial quality, three formulations were prepared with different amounts of okra mucilage: (F0) 0 mL; (F1) 100 mL; (F2) 150 mL. From this was determined: mucilage yield, centesimal composition, caloric value and sensory attributes of bread by hedonic scale. Mucilage increased the yield of F1 and F2. There was no difference in protein content and the lipid content of 7.9 g 100 g-1 (F1) and 6.0 g 100 g-1 (F2) were lower than that of F0. The moisture content of F1 (32.15 g 100 g-1) was lower than the other formulations, while ash (0.70 g 100 g-1), carbohydrate (56.75 g 100 g-1) and caloric value (308,1 kcal 100 g-1) were higher. In the sensory test, attributes were rated in the categories “liked slightly” and “liked extremely” by most judges. F1 scored higher than F2 for texture, color and overall impression and did not differ in any of the attributes at F0. It can be concluded that F1 may be a viable option in the search for gluten-free bread with improved chemical composition, as it contains lower lipid and moisture content, higher ash content and good sensory acceptance.

Composição química e aceitabilidade de pão sem glúten desenvolvido com mucilagem de quiabo / Chemical composition and acceptance of gluten-free bread developed with okra mucilage

Com objetivo de produzir pão sem glúten com composição química aprimorada e boa qualidade sensorial, foram elaboradas três formulações com diferentes quantidades de mucilagem de quiabo: (F0) 0 mL; (F1) 100 mL; (F2) 150mL. Determinou-se: rendimento da mucilagem, composição centesimal, valor calórico e atributos sensoriais dos pães por meio de escala hedônica. A mucilagem aumentou o rendimento das F1 e F2. Não houve diferença no teor de proteínas e o teor de lipídios de 7,9 g 100 g-1 (F1) e 6,0 g 100 g-1 (F2) foram inferiores ao da F0. A umidade da F1 (32,15 g 100 g-1) foi menor que nas demais formulações, enquanto cinzas (0,70 g 100 g-1), carboidrato (56,75 g 100 g-1) e valor calórico (308,1 kcal 100 g-1) foram superiores. No teste sensorial, todos os atributos foram avaliados nas categorias “gostei ligeiramente” e “gostei extremamente” pela maioria dos julgadores. A F1 obteve avaliações superiores às da F2 para textura, cor e impressão global e não diferiu em nenhum dos atributos na F0. Conclui-se que a F1 pode ser uma opção viável na busca de pão sem glúten com composição química aprimorada, por conter menor teor de lipídio e umidade, maior teor de cinzas e boa aceitação sensorial.(AU)

With the goal of producing gluten-free bread with improved chemical composition and good sensorial quality, three formulations were prepared with different amounts of okra mucilage: (F0) 0 mL; (F1) 100 mL; (F2) 150 mL. From this was determined: mucilage yield, centesimal composition, caloric value and sensory attributes of bread by hedonic scale. Mucilage increased the yield of F1 and F2. There was no difference in protein content and the lipid content of 7.9 g 100 g-1 (F1) and 6.0 g 100 g-1 (F2) were lower than that of F0. The moisture content of F1 (32.15 g 100 g-1) was lower than the other formulations, while ash (0.70 g 100 g-1), carbohydrate (56.75 g 100 g-1) and caloric value (308,1 kcal 100 g-1) were higher. In the sensory test, attributes were rated in the categories “liked slightly” and “liked extremely” by most judges. F1 scored higher than F2 for texture, color and overall impression and did not differ in any of the attributes at F0. It can be concluded that F1 may be a viable option in the search for gluten-free bread with improved chemical composition, as it contains lower lipid and moisture content, higher ash content and good sensory acceptance.(AU)

Cassava biopolymer polyamide hydrogel accelerates healing of induced skin woundsin rats / Hidrogel de biopolímero de poliamido de mandioca acelera o processo de cicatrização em feridas cutâneas induzidas em ratos

This study aimed to macroscopically and microscopically evaluate the healing of skin wounds induced in rats by topical application of cassava polyamide biopolymer hydrogel. In total, 32 rats were used and divided into four groups (n= 8): negative control - saline solution; positive control - use of commercial ointment; experimental group - I - ointment + cassava hydrogel; experimental group - II - cassava hydrogel. A 1cm2 wound induced on the animals dorsum was treated and evaluated. At day 21 post-operation, the animals were sacrificed by anesthetic overdose, and then 1cm2 of cicatricial skin from the wound region was collected. The material was cut to evaluate healing. In the macroscopic evaluation, complete healing was observed at the end of 21 days. Re-epithelialization was observed histologically; the connective tissue in the negative control, positive, and experimental - I groups was characterized by an abundance of collagen fibers, fibroblasts, and blood vessels. In experimental group - II additional healing was observed, as evidenced by the arrangement of collagen fibers and fibroblasts, and the reduction of neoformed vessels. Thus, we concluded that the hydrogel can assist in healing skin wounds, especially in the remodeling phase.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar macro e microscopicamente a cicatrização de feridas cutâneas induzidas em ratos, a partir da aplicação tópica do hidrogel de biopolímero de poliamido de mandioca. Trinta e dois ratos foram divididos em quatro grupos (n= 8): controle negativo, tratado com solução salina; controle positivo, com pomada comercial; grupo experimental - I, com pomada + hidrogel de mandioca; grupo experimental - II, com hidrogel de mandioca. Feridas induzidas de 1cm 2 no dorso dos animais foram tratadas e avaliadas em intervalos de três a quatro dias. No 21º dia do pós-operatório, os animais foram mortos por aprofundamento anestésico, em seguida foi coletado 1cm 2 de pele da região cicatricial. O material foi cortado, corado pelas técnicas de hematoxilina-eosina e azocarmine-G, para avaliação da cicatrização. Na avaliação macroscópica, foi observada cicatrização completa no final do período de 21 dias. Histologicamente, observou-se reepitelização, o tecido conjuntivo no grupos controle negativo, positivo e experimental - I se caracterizou pela abundância de fibras colágenas, fibroblastos e vasos sanguíneos. No grupo experimental - II, a cicatrização sugere avanço de etapas, evidenciado pelo arranjo das fibras colágenas, pela redução de fibroblastos e dos vasos neoformados. Assim, foi possível concluir que o hidrogel de biopolímero de amido de mandioca pode auxiliar na cicatrização de feridas cutâneas, principalmente na fase de remodelação.(AU)

Cassava biopolymer polyamide hydrogel accelerates healing of induced skin woundsin rats / Hidrogel de biopolímero de poliamido de mandioca acelera o processo de cicatrização em feridas cutâneas induzidas em ratos

This study aimed to macroscopically and microscopically evaluate the healing of skin wounds induced in rats by topical application of cassava polyamide biopolymer hydrogel. In total, 32 rats were used and divided into four groups (n= 8): negative control - saline solution; positive control - use of commercial ointment; experimental group - I - ointment + cassava hydrogel; experimental group - II - cassava hydrogel. A 1cm2 wound induced on the animals dorsum was treated and evaluated. At day 21 post-operation, the animals were sacrificed by anesthetic overdose, and then 1cm2 of cicatricial skin from the wound region was collected. The material was cut to evaluate healing. In the macroscopic evaluation, complete healing was observed at the end of 21 days. Re-epithelialization was observed histologically; the connective tissue in the negative control, positive, and experimental - I groups was characterized by an abundance of collagen fibers, fibroblasts, and blood vessels. In experimental group - II additional healing was observed, as evidenced by the arrangement of collagen fibers and fibroblasts, and the reduction of neoformed vessels. Thus, we concluded that the hydrogel can assist in healing skin wounds, especially in the remodeling phase.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar macro e microscopicamente a cicatrização de feridas cutâneas induzidas em ratos, a partir da aplicação tópica do hidrogel de biopolímero de poliamido de mandioca. Trinta e dois ratos foram divididos em quatro grupos (n= 8): controle negativo, tratado com solução salina; controle positivo, com pomada comercial; grupo experimental - I, com pomada + hidrogel de mandioca; grupo experimental - II, com hidrogel de mandioca. Feridas induzidas de 1cm 2 no dorso dos animais foram tratadas e avaliadas em intervalos de três a quatro dias. No 21º dia do pós-operatório, os animais foram mortos por aprofundamento anestésico, em seguida foi coletado 1cm 2 de pele da região cicatricial. O material foi cortado, corado pelas técnicas de hematoxilina-eosina e azocarmine-G, para avaliação da cicatrização. Na avaliação macroscópica, foi observada cicatrização completa no final do período de 21 dias. Histologicamente, observou-se reepitelização, o tecido conjuntivo no grupos controle negativo, positivo e experimental - I se caracterizou pela abundância de fibras colágenas, fibroblastos e vasos sanguíneos. No grupo experimental - II, a cicatrização sugere avanço de etapas, evidenciado pelo arranjo das fibras colágenas, pela redução de fibroblastos e dos vasos neoformados. Assim, foi possível concluir que o hidrogel de biopolímero de amido de mandioca pode auxiliar na cicatrização de feridas cutâneas, principalmente na fase de remodelação.(AU)

Curativo de hidrocoloide em lesões por arrastamento na região distal dos membros pélvicos em cães / Hydrocolloid membrane dressing in shearing injuries in the distal part of the pelvic limbs in dogs

Background: Shearing wounds on the limbs of dogs usually affect the regions distally from the radiocarpal joint at thethoracic limb and from the tibiotarsal joint at the pelvic limb. The tissue coverage and re-epithelialization of the injuredregion are important factors that should be considered in the definitive surgical treatment. The hydrocolloid membranepromotes selective autolytic debridement and accelerates the formation of granulation tissue and epithelialization. Thepresent study aims to describe the treatment with hydrocolloid membrane dressing of three cases of shearing wounds withconcomitant orthopedic injuries in the pelvic limbs of dogs.Case: Three dogs with pelvic limb injuries after vehicular trauma were selected for treatment. Two patients had shearinglesions on the medial aspect of the pelvic limb with exposure of the tibia and fibula, the talus and the tibiotarsal joint,associated with bone loss on the medial surface of the limb and rupture of the medial collateral ligament of the tarsus.Another patient had a shearing wound on the dorsal surface of the distal region of the pelvic limb, with injury of the digitalextensor tendons and bone exposure of the second and third metatarsals. Initially, the surgical debridement of the lesionwas performed and during the first five days after trauma the wound was cleansed with chlorhexidine solution and topicalapplication of crystallized sugar daily. In this initial period a dry adherent dressing was used on the lesions, without bandagesfor immobilization of the pelvic limb. In all dogs, the hydrocolloid membrane was applied from the sixth day after initialwound management. Immediately after the application of the hydrocolloid membrane, temporary immobilization of theaffected pelvic limb with a padded Robert Jones bandage was performed. The first changes of the hydrocolloid membraneswere performed after five days of their use. Subsequently, the membranes changes...

Curativo de hidrocoloide em lesões por arrastamento na região distal dos membros pélvicos em cães / Hydrocolloid membrane dressing in shearing injuries in the distal part of the pelvic limbs in dogs

Background: Shearing wounds on the limbs of dogs usually affect the regions distally from the radiocarpal joint at thethoracic limb and from the tibiotarsal joint at the pelvic limb. The tissue coverage and re-epithelialization of the injuredregion are important factors that should be considered in the definitive surgical treatment. The hydrocolloid membranepromotes selective autolytic debridement and accelerates the formation of granulation tissue and epithelialization. Thepresent study aims to describe the treatment with hydrocolloid membrane dressing of three cases of shearing wounds withconcomitant orthopedic injuries in the pelvic limbs of dogs.Case: Three dogs with pelvic limb injuries after vehicular trauma were selected for treatment. Two patients had shearinglesions on the medial aspect of the pelvic limb with exposure of the tibia and fibula, the talus and the tibiotarsal joint,associated with bone loss on the medial surface of the limb and rupture of the medial collateral ligament of the tarsus.Another patient had a shearing wound on the dorsal surface of the distal region of the pelvic limb, with injury of the digitalextensor tendons and bone exposure of the second and third metatarsals. Initially, the surgical debridement of the lesionwas performed and during the first five days after trauma the wound was cleansed with chlorhexidine solution and topicalapplication of crystallized sugar daily. In this initial period a dry adherent dressing was used on the lesions, without bandagesfor immobilization of the pelvic limb. In all dogs, the hydrocolloid membrane was applied from the sixth day after initialwound management. Immediately after the application of the hydrocolloid membrane, temporary immobilization of theaffected pelvic limb with a padded Robert Jones bandage was performed. The first changes of the hydrocolloid membraneswere performed after five days of their use. Subsequently, the membranes changes...(AU)

Hidrogeis de polivinil-álcool (PVA) contendo o bacteriófago UFV-AREG1 para aplicação como curativo adesivo para a indústria de alimentos / Polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) hydrogel containing the UFV-AREG1 bacteriophagus for application as a curative adhesive for the food industry

Infecções cutâneas obtidas por cortes nas mãos de manipuladores podem gerar contaminação nos alimentos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi incorporar o bacteriófago UFV-AREG1 em hidrogel de álcool poli(vinílico) PVA, aplicando-o futuramente como curativo adesivo. Foi adicionado 1,0 mL de solução do fago no PVA e seco em estufa por 48 h. Após, os hidrogeis foram submetidos a testes de Intumescimento, Espectroscopia no infravermelho (FTIR) e efeito antimicrobiano sobre E. coli O157:H7. O intumescimento do PVA-fago foi maior que o PVA-controle (p<0,05). A área de inibição do PVA-fago foi de 3,715 cm2 contra 2,916 cm2 do controle. As análises do FTIR mostraram um pico para o PVA-fago não encontrado no PVA-controle. Foi possível incorporar o bacteriófago em hidrogel de PVA e avaliar sua liberação para posterior aplicação como curativo adesivo.(AU)

Hidrogeis de polivinil-álcool (PVA) contendo o bacteriófago UFV-AREG1 para aplicação como curativo adesivo para a indústria de alimentos / Polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) hydrogel containing the UFV-AREG1 bacteriophagus for application as a curative adhesive for the food industry

Infecções cutâneas obtidas por cortes nas mãos de manipuladores podem gerar contaminação nos alimentos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi incorporar o bacteriófago UFV-AREG1 em hidrogel de álcool poli(vinílico) – PVA, aplicando-o futuramente como curativo adesivo. Foi adicionado 1,0 mL de solução do fago no PVA e seco em estufa por 48 h. Após, os hidrogeis foram submetidos a testes de Intumescimento, Espectroscopia no infravermelho (FTIR) e efeito antimicrobiano sobre E. coli O157:H7. O intumescimento do PVA-fago foi maior que o PVA-controle (p<0,05). A área de inibição do PVA-fago foi de 3,715 cm2 contra 2,916 cm2 do controle. As análises do FTIR mostraram um pico para o PVA-fago não encontrado no PVA-controle. Foi possível incorporar o bacteriófago em hidrogel de PVA e avaliar sua liberação para posterior aplicação como curativo adesivo.

Development of gluten-free cakes with the addition of methylcellulose and xanthan gum / Desenvolvimento de bolos sem glúten com adição de goma xantana e metilcelulose

The removal of gluten results in many baking problems and many gluten-free products currently available in the market are of low quality. The addition of hydrocolloids, however, is an option to improve technological characteristics. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the addition of methylcellulose and xanthan gum on the technological characteristics of gluten-free cakes made with 100% rice flour. Cakes using hydrocolloids at different concentrations were developed through an experimental design that evaluated technological features such as specific volume, crumb hardness and overall quality score. Mathematical models were obtained to describe the hardness and the score of cakes as a function of the addition of xanthan and methylcellulose. The smallest value of crumb hardness of the cakes was obtained when concentrations of 0.4% xanthan and 2% methylcellulose were added. With regards to the score, the highest value was obtained with the lowest levels of hydrocolloids, whose formulation contained 0.2% xanthan gum and 1% methylcellulose. It can be concluded that the addition of xanthan gum and methylcellulose enabled the development of a gluten-free cake with a softer crumb that presents technological quality attributes similar to that of a wheat cake.(AU)

A remoção do glúten resulta em problemas para a panificação e muitos dos produtos sem glúten disponíveis no mercado são de baixa qualidade, contudo a adição de hidrocolóides é uma opção para melhorar suas características tecnológicas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da adição de metilcelulose e goma xantana nas características tecnológicas de bolos sem glúten elaborados com 100% de farinha de arroz. Foram elaborados bolos utilizando hidrocolóides em diferentes concentrações através de planejamento experimental, sendo avaliadas características tecnológicas como volume específico, dureza do miolo e pontuação total. Foram obtidos modelos matemáticos para descrever a dureza e a pontuação dos bolos, em função da adição de xantana e metilcelulose. O menor valor de dureza do miolo dos bolos foi obtido quando adicionadas as concentrações de 0,4% de xantana e 2% de metilcelulose. Em relação a pontuação, o maior valor foi obtido com os menores teores dos hidrocolóides, cuja formulação continha 0,2% de goma xantana e 1% de metilcelulose. Pode-se concluir que a adição de goma xantana e metilcelulose proporcionou o desenvolvimento de um bolo sem glúten com miolo mais macio e apresentando atributos de qualidade tecnológica semelhantes a um bolo de trigo.(AU)

Analysis of the healing process of the wounds occurring in rats using lasertherapy in association with hydrocolloid

To evaluate wound healing in rats by using low-level laser therapy (LLLT) associated with hydrocolloid occlusive dressing . METHODS: Forty male, adult, Wistar rats were used, distributed into four groups: LG (received 2 J/cm² of laser therapy); HG (treated with hydrocolloid); LHG (treated with 2 J/cm² of laser therapy and hydrocolloid); and the CG (treated with 1 mL of 0.9% saline). The wound was evaluated at pre-determined periods 3rd and 7th days, considering the macroscopic and histological parameters (inflammatory cells, capillary neoformation, fibroblasts, collagen formation and reepithelialization). RESULTS: The LG group at seven days showed increased collagen formation, the LHG group at 3 days showed mild collagen formation. The HG group and the CG at 7 days showed complete reepithelialization. CONCLUSION: Low-level laser therapy as well as the hydrocolloid dressing have favored the wound-healing process in rats.(AU)

RETRAÇÃO CICATRICIAL E ATOXIDADE DE MEMBRANAS DE NANOCELULOSE VEGETAL INCORPORADAS COM ÓLEO ESSENCIAL DE CALENDULA OFFICINALIS EM RATOS

O retardo cicatricial constitui um desafio clínico e cirúrgico extremamente recorrente, culminando em limitações físicas, sofrimento emocional e maiores custos de tratamento aos sistemas de saúde por todo o mundo. Estudos recentes buscam diferentes materiais que permitam acelerar o processo de reparação tecidual, interagindo com o leito vascular e carreando propriedades terapêuticas, dentre eles a celulose vegetal. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana, o estímulo cicatricial e segurança ao emprego de membranas de celulose vegetal acrescidas de óleo essencial de Calêndula em lesões cutâneas de ratos. Uma membrana de celulose vegetal previamente desenvolvida foi revestida por uma solução de calêncula e alginato pelo método casting. Após a secagem, discos de 6mm foram cortados e a atividade antiproliferativa contra cepas bacterianas padrão de S. aureus e E. coli foi determinada pelo método de disco difusão. A retração cicatricial foi avaliada em 117 ratos Wistar machos com idade padronizada, aleatoriamente divididos em três grupos de 36 animais: Grupo GC (controle negativo), Grupo GM (controle positivo com membrana comercial de celulose bacteriana) e GMO (grupo tratamento com membrana de celulose vegetal e calêndula). Cada grupo foi anestesiado e uma lesão cutânea padrão de 3 cm de diâmetro foi criada cirurgicamente no dorso dos animais, que foram acompanhados durante 14 dias, durante os quais foram novamente anestesiados para a tomada de fotografias para planimetria da lesão pelo software Image J aos 4, 7, 11 e 14 dias e determinação da retração de 50% da ferida pelo método de modelagem matemática. Nas mesmas datas, nove animais de cada grupo foram submetidos à eutanásia para a coleta de amostras histopatológicas e avaliação por escores, sob coloração de HE dos graus de inflamação, reepitelização e Tricrômio de Mallory para neovascularização e deposição de colágeno. A biossegurança ao seu emprego foi avaliada pelo implante de discos de 6mm no tecido subcutâneo de nove animais, acompanhados durante 15 dias, quando foram submetidos à eutanásia para coleta de amostra histopatológica e sérica. Os resultados demonstraram halo de inibição de 8,03 ± 0,13 mm e 8,70 ± 0,7 mm para S. aureus e E. coli, respectivamente. A retração cicatricial de GMO foi estatisticamente maior aos quatro dias com 49.87 ± 4.73% com p<0,05, atingindo 50% de retração aos 4.46 dias, não havendo diferença entre grupos nos demais dias. Não houve diferença estatística entre os escores histopatológicos ou observadas alterações séricas ao implante subcutâneo. A membrana de celulose vegetal acrescida de calêndula demonstrou potencial uso terapêutico, segurança ao seu implante e promoveu aceleração cicatricial até quatro dias, sugerindo a sua reposição após essa data. A atividade antiproliferativa in vitro foi observada, sugerindo futuros ensaios.em feridas contaminadas.

Recent studies have searched for different materials that could accelerate the repairing process, interacting with wound milieu and hauling therapeutic cargo, among them vegetal cellulose membrane. The present study evaluated the antiproliferative activity, wound contracture and safety at use of a vegetal nanocellulose dressing, with the addition of calendule essential oil, on a skin wound model in rats. A previously developed cellulose film was coated by a dry casting solution of the volatile oil and sodium alginate. Antiproliferative action was determined against standard bacterial strains by disk-di ffusion method. Full thickness, 3 cm in diameter, circular wounds were produced at the dorsum of 108 rats. Wound contraction was determined by digial planimetry at 4, 7, 11 and 14 days comparing three ramdomly divided groups: CG (negative control group), BC (positive control group, commercial bacterial cellulose film) and VCE (vegetal cellulose and essential oil film). Histological samples were obtained and HE and Mallory stained sections were evaluated to obtain inflammatory, reepithelization, amount of collagen fibers and neoangiogenesis scores. Atoxicity was evaluated through the subcutaneous implant of VCE. Serum biochemistry and histological samples were collected after 15 days, and possible adverse reactions observed all through. Results showed bacterial growth inhibition, better wound contraction of VCE at 4 days and no serum changes, nor adversal effects. The VCE films demonstrated potential wound therapeutic use and safety, suggesting bacterial prevention and avoidance of daily dressing changes.

Coencapsulação de curcumina e vitamina D3 em lipossomas multilamelares

CHAVES, M. A. Coencapsulação de curcumina e vitamina D3 em lipossomas multilamelares. 2017. 112p. Dissertação (Mestrado) Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, 2017. Atualmente, a demanda por alimentos com apelo funcional tem se tornado cada vez mais recorrente dentre os consumidores devido a uma crescente busca por hábitos de vida mais saudáveis. Sendo assim, o desenvolvimento de técnicas que possibilitem uma adição mais efetiva de ingredientes funcionais em matrizes alimentícias se torna uma necessidade. Essas técnicas devem possibilitar principalmente (i) a incorporação de mecanismos de liberação sustentada na formulação; (ii) o aumento da bioacessibilidade e biodisponibilidade aos ingredientes, a partir do controle da microestrutura do alimento. Esse projeto visa contemplar essas duas premissas, ao propor a encapsulação de dois bioativos hidrofóbicos, a curcumina e a vitamina D3, conhecidos pelas suas propriedades antioxidantes e nutracêuticas, em carreadores de origem lipídica, os lipossomas, estabilizando-os com diferentes hidrocoloides - goma xantana, goma guar e inulina. Os lipossomas foram produzidos por hidratação de prolipossomas e suas propriedades físico-químicas foram caracterizadas ao longo de 42 dias de armazenagem, a partir de análises de diâmetro médio hidrodinâmico, potencial zeta, colorimetria instrumental e quantificação de bioativos encapsulados. Análises que permitiram a caracterização da microestrutura das dispersões produzidas também foram realizadas, sendo elas: calorimetria diferencial de varredura (DSC), espalhamento de raios-X a baixos ângulos (SAXS) e ensaios reológicos. As análises de SAXS mostraram que lipossomas produzidos na presença de curcumina são mais estáveis que àqueles produzidos na ausência da mesma e que não houve mudança na estrutura da bicamada lipídica das vesículas após a adição de vitamina D3, mesmo quando uma alta concentração foi incorporada ao sistema (80.000 UI). Por fim, verificou-se que a coencapsulação foi possível em lipossomas multilamelares estabilizados apenas com gomas guar e xantana, resultado que pode ser comprovado pelo alto teor de retenção dos bioativos ao longo do tempo de armazenagem.

CHAVES, M. A. Co-encapsulation of curcumin and vitamin D3 in multilamellar liposomes. 2017. 112p. Dissertation (Master). Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering - University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, 2017. Currently, the demand for food with functional appeal has become increasingly recurrent among the consumers due to a growing search for healthier living habits. Therefore, the development of techniques that allow a more effective addition of functional ingredients in food matrices becomes a necessity. These techniques should mainly enable to (i) incorporate a sustained release mechanisms into the formulation; (ii) increase the bioaccessibility and bioavailability to these ingredients, from the control of the food microstructure. This project aims to contemplate these two premises by proposing the encapsulation of two hydrophobic bioactives, curcumin and vitamin D3, known for their antioxidant and nutraceutical properties, in liposomes lipid carriers - stabilizing them with different hydrocolloids - xanthan gum, guar gum and inulin. Liposomes were produced by proliposomes hydration and their physicochemical properties were characterized during 42 days of storage, including analyzes of hydrodynamic average diameter, zeta potential, instrumental colorimetry and quantification of encapsulated bioactives. Analyzes that allowed the microstructure characterization of the produced dispersions were also performed, including: differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), small-angle X-ray scattering and rheological tests. The SAXS analysis showed that liposomes produced in the presence of curcumin were more stable when compared to the empty ones and that there was no change in the lipid bilayer of the vesicles after the addition of vitamin D3, even when a high concentration was incorporated into the system (80,000 IU). Finally, it was concluded that the coencapsulation was possible in multilamellar liposomes stabilized with guar and xanthan gums, a result that can be evidenced by the high content of bioactives retained throughout the storage time.

Dispersões de lipossomas encapsulando beta-caroteno: caracterização, estabilidade físico-química e incorporação em iogurte / Dispersions of liposomes encapsulating beta-carotene: characterization, physico-chemical stability and incorporation in yoghurt

A utilização de bioativos naturais como ingredientes está em constante expansão na indústria alimentícia, devido ao aumento das exigências pelos consumidores por alimentos mais saudáveis. Por isso, há uma busca constante de tecnologias que possibilitem a incorporação de tais substâncias em alimentos. O β-caroteno é uma substância hidrofóbica, cujos benefícios estão relacionados principalmente à sua ação antioxidante. Devido à sua característica hidrofóbica, a utilização deste pigmento implica em desafios tecnológicos para ser incorporado em formulações alimentícias de base aquosa. Por este motivo, a encapsulação em lipossomas pode ser uma ótima alternativa, devido à capacidade de englobar tais substâncias em sua bicamada lipídica. Além da proteção, essas matrizes encapsulantes podem proporcionar a liberação controlada dos ingredientes encapsulados, bem como aumento de sua biodisponibilidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi produzir e caracterizar dispersões de lipossomas encapsulando β-caroteno estabilizadas com a adição de hidrocolóides(goma xantana ou mistura de goma xantana e goma guar). O diâmetro médio hidrodinâmico, a distribuição de tamanho das partículas e a morfologia foram avaliadas. Os lipossomas produzidos foram vesículas multilamelares (MLV), as distribuições de tamanho dos lipossomas apresentaram-se heterogêneas e as micrografias revelaram a forma esférica dos lipossomas dispersos no meio aquoso, assim como a integridade da sua bicamada lipídica. Foram realizadas análises de quantificação do β-caroteno e colorimetria instrumental, sendo que todas as dispersões mostraram-se eficientes na preservação do β-caroteno ao longo do período de armazenamento. Os hidrocolóides adicionados foram eficazes no aumento da viscosidade da fase contínua, evitando a agregação das vesículas ao longo do tempo, exceto para dispersão estabilizada com a mistura de goma xantana e goma guar, com 0,15% de goma total. Em relação à adição das dispersões de lipossomas em iogurte, as formulações mostraram-se homogêneas, com ausência de grumos ou qualquer tipo de separação de fases, e também foram aprovados por uma parcela de painelistas na análise sensorial.

The use of natural bioactives as ingredients is in constant expansion in the food industry, due to increasing consumer demands for healthier foods. Therefore, there is a constant search for technologies capable of incorporating such substances in food. β-carotene is a hydrophobic substance, whose benefits are mainly related to its antioxidant action. Because of its hydrophobic characteristics, the use of this pigment implies technical challenges to be incorporated into aqueous-based food formulations. For this reason, encapsulation in liposomes may be a good alternative, because of their ability to incorporate such substances in their lipid bilayer. Besides the protection, these encapsulants matrix can provide controlled release of the encapsulated ingredients, as well as increasing its bioavailability. The objective of this study was to produce and characterize dispersions of liposomes encapsulating β-carotene, which were stabilized with the addition of hydrocolloids: xanthan gum or a mixture of xanthan gum and guar gum. The mean hydrodynamic diameter, distribution of particle size and its morphology were studied. The obtained dispersions were multilamellar vesicles (MLV), the liposomes size distributions were heterogeneous and the micrographs revealed the liposomes spherical shape dispersed in aqueous medium, as well as the integrity of their lipid bilayer. The quantification of β-carotene and instrumental colorimetry analyses indicated the liposomes were efficient in the preservation of β-carotene during the storage period. The hydrocolloids added in the dispersions were highly efficient to increase the viscosity of the continuous phase. Therefore, the hydrocolloids were responsible for the prevention of aggregation of the vesicles during the storage period, except for stabilized dispersion with the mixture of xanthan gum and guar gum, with 0.15% gum total. Regarding the dispersions of liposomes added in yoghurt, the formulations were homogeneous, with absence of lumps or any phase separation, and also have been approved by a significant number of the panelists.

Dispersões de lipossomas encapsulando beta-caroteno: caracterização, estabilidade físico-química e incorporação em iogurte / Dispersions of liposomes encapsulating beta-carotene: characterization, physico-chemical stability and incorporation in yoghurt

A utilização de bioativos naturais como ingredientes está em constante expansão na indústria alimentícia, devido ao aumento das exigências pelos consumidores por alimentos mais saudáveis. Por isso, há uma busca constante de tecnologias que possibilitem a incorporação de tais substâncias em alimentos. O β-caroteno é uma substância hidrofóbica, cujos benefícios estão relacionados principalmente à sua ação antioxidante. Devido à sua característica hidrofóbica, a utilização deste pigmento implica em desafios tecnológicos para ser incorporado em formulações alimentícias de base aquosa. Por este motivo, a encapsulação em lipossomas pode ser uma ótima alternativa, devido à capacidade de englobar tais substâncias em sua bicamada lipídica. Além da proteção, essas matrizes encapsulantes podem proporcionar a liberação controlada dos ingredientes encapsulados, bem como aumento de sua biodisponibilidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi produzir e caracterizar dispersões de lipossomas encapsulando β-caroteno estabilizadas com a adição de hidrocolóides(goma xantana ou mistura de goma xantana e goma guar). O diâmetro médio hidrodinâmico, a distribuição de tamanho das partículas e a morfologia foram avaliadas. Os lipossomas produzidos foram vesículas multilamelares (MLV), as distribuições de tamanho dos lipossomas apresentaram-se heterogêneas e as micrografias revelaram a forma esférica dos lipossomas dispersos no meio aquoso, assim como a integridade da sua bicamada lipídica. Foram realizadas análises de quantificação do β-caroteno e colorimetria instrumental, sendo que todas as dispersões mostraram-se eficientes na preservação do β-caroteno ao longo do período de armazenamento. Os hidrocolóides adicionados foram eficazes no aumento da viscosidade da fase contínua, evitando a agregação das vesículas ao longo do tempo, exceto para dispersão estabilizada com a mistura de goma xantana e goma guar, com 0,15% de goma total. Em relação à adição das dispersões de lipossomas em iogurte, as formulações mostraram-se homogêneas, com ausência de grumos ou qualquer tipo de separação de fases, e também foram aprovados por uma parcela de painelistas na análise sensorial. (AU)

The use of natural bioactives as ingredients is in constant expansion in the food industry, due to increasing consumer demands for healthier foods. Therefore, there is a constant search for technologies capable of incorporating such substances in food. β-carotene is a hydrophobic substance, whose benefits are mainly related to its antioxidant action. Because of its hydrophobic characteristics, the use of this pigment implies technical challenges to be incorporated into aqueous-based food formulations. For this reason, encapsulation in liposomes may be a good alternative, because of their ability to incorporate such substances in their lipid bilayer. Besides the protection, these encapsulants matrix can provide controlled release of the encapsulated ingredients, as well as increasing its bioavailability. The objective of this study was to produce and characterize dispersions of liposomes encapsulating β-carotene, which were stabilized with the addition of hydrocolloids: xanthan gum or a mixture of xanthan gum and guar gum. The mean hydrodynamic diameter, distribution of particle size and its morphology were studied. The obtained dispersions were multilamellar vesicles (MLV), the liposomes size distributions were heterogeneous and the micrographs revealed the liposomes spherical shape dispersed in aqueous medium, as well as the integrity of their lipid bilayer. The quantification of β-carotene and instrumental colorimetry analyses indicated the liposomes were efficient in the preservation of β-carotene during the storage period. The hydrocolloids added in the dispersions were highly efficient to increase the viscosity of the continuous phase. Therefore, the hydrocolloids were responsible for the prevention of aggregation of the vesicles during the storage period, except for stabilized dispersion with the mixture of xanthan gum and guar gum, with 0.15% gum total. Regarding the dispersions of liposomes added in yoghurt, the formulations were homogeneous, with absence of lumps or any phase separation, and also have been approved by a significant number of the panelists. (AU)

Development of gluten-free cakes with the addition of methylcellulose and xanthan gum / Desenvolvimento de bolos sem glúten com adição de goma xantana e metilcelulose

The removal of gluten results in many baking problems and many gluten-free products currently available in the market are of low quality. The addition of hydrocolloids, however, is an option to improve technological characteristics. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the addition of methylcellulose and xanthan gum on the technological characteristics of gluten-free cakes made with 100% rice flour. Cakes using hydrocolloids at different concentrations were developed through an experimental design that evaluated technological features such as specific volume, crumb hardness and overall quality score. Mathematical models were obtained to describe the hardness and the score of cakes as a function of the addition of xanthan and methylcellulose. The smallest value of crumb hardness of the cakes was obtained when concentrations of 0.4% xanthan and 2% methylcellulose were added. With regards to the score, the highest value was obtained with the lowest levels of hydrocolloids, whose formulation contained 0.2% xanthan gum and 1% methylcellulose. It can be concluded that the addition of xanthan gum and methylcellulose enabled the development of a gluten-free cake with a softer crumb that presents technological quality attributes similar to that of a wheat cake.

A remoção do glúten resulta em problemas para a panificação e muitos dos produtos sem glúten disponíveis no mercado são de baixa qualidade, contudo a adição de hidrocolóides é uma opção para melhorar suas características tecnológicas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da adição de metilcelulose e goma xantana nas características tecnológicas de bolos sem glúten elaborados com 100% de farinha de arroz. Foram elaborados bolos utilizando hidrocolóides em diferentes concentrações através de planejamento experimental, sendo avaliadas características tecnológicas como volume específico, dureza do miolo e pontuação total. Foram obtidos modelos matemáticos para descrever a dureza e a pontuação dos bolos, em função da adição de xantana e metilcelulose. O menor valor de dureza do miolo dos bolos foi obtido quando adicionadas as concentrações de 0,4% de xantana e 2% de metilcelulose. Em relação a pontuação, o maior valor foi obtido com os menores teores dos hidrocolóides, cuja formulação continha 0,2% de goma xantana e 1% de metilcelulose. Pode-se concluir que a adição de goma xantana e metilcelulose proporcionou o desenvolvimento de um bolo sem glúten com miolo mais macio e apresentando atributos de qualidade tecnológica semelhantes a um bolo de trigo.