Resumo

Insurance is one of the primary risk management tools in the agricultural sector. In Iran, the crop insurance fund operates as a quasi-government institution, and many agricultural insurance practices have remained traditional for years without necessary innovations. In 2016, managers of crop insurance fund decided to adopt a Negotiation-Oriented insurance approach for the first time in broiler industry. In this approach, all steps including the determination of insurance premiums were conducted through consultation and coordination with the broiler industry producers' union, rather than being dictated by government directives. This research analyzes changes in total factor productivity of broiler insurance before and after the implementation of this new approach, using the Malmquist index and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Data were collected from the Iran crop Insurance fund's Comprehensive System (CS) for the period of 2010-2020. The results indicate that after the implementation of the negotiation-oriented method, total factor productivity of insurance in the broiler industry improved by 19.7% annually during 2016-2020.

O seguro é uma das principais ferramentas de gerenciamento de risco no setor agrícola. No Irã, o fundo de seguro de safra opera como uma instituição quase governamental e muitas práticas de seguro agrícola permaneceram tradicionais por anos sem as inovações necessárias. Em 2016, os gerentes do fundo de seguro de safra decidiram adotar uma abordagem de seguro orientada à negociação pela primeira vez na indústria de frangos de corte. Nessa abordagem, todas as etapas, incluindo a determinação dos prêmios de seguro, foram conduzidas por meio de consulta e coordenação com o sindicato dos produtores da indústria de frangos de corte, em vez de serem ditadas por diretrizes governamentais. Esta pesquisa analisa as mudanças na produtividade total dos fatores do seguro de frangos de corte antes e depois da implementação dessa nova abordagem, usando o índice de Malmquist e a Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA). Os dados foram coletados do Sistema Abrangente (CS) do fundo de seguro de safra do Irã para o período de 2010-2020. Os resultados indicam que, após a implementação do método orientado à negociação, a produtividade total dos fatores de seguro na indústria de frangos de corte melhorou 19,7% anualmente durante o período de 2016-2020.

Resumo

Hepatitis causes inflammation of the liver. The World Health Organization set a goal to eliminate viral hepatitis by 2030 due to an increase in the number of deaths from liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B and C among the general population of Bahawalpur, along with various recognized risk factors. Samples were collected from December 2021 to May 2022. In total, 263 blood samples were collected from the patients who visited Bahawalpur Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur Pakistan. A rapid diagnostic test (ICT) was used to diagnose Hepatitis B surface antigen and anti-HCV, followed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 22. In total, 263 samples were tested; 5.3% (14/263) tested positive for HBV, 25.4% (67/263) tested positive for HCV, and 0.76% (2/263) were co-infected. The study found a significant association between illiteracy 24% (63/263) and literacy 7.6% (20/263) (P = 0.001), age (31-40 years) 11% (29/263) (P = 0.027), hospitalization 38% (100/263) versus non-hospitalization 62% (163/263) (P = 0.008), and patients who had received any dental treatment 20.9% (55/263) versus those who had not 79.1% (208/263) (P = 0.057). According to the study, people who frequently visited hospitals received no medical care and were unaware of the causes of disease transmission, made them more susceptible to infection. The study will help formulate policies and adopt precautionary measures to control the increasing incidence of hepatitis B and C in Pakistan.

A hepatite causa inflamação do fígado. A Organização Mundial da Saúde estabeleceu a meta de eliminar as hepatites virais até 2030, devido ao aumento do número de mortes por cirrose hepática e carcinoma hepatocelular. O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar a prevalência de hepatite B e C na população geral de Bahawalpur, juntamente com vários fatores de risco reconhecidos. As amostras foram coletadas de dezembro de 2021 a maio de 2022. No total, 263 amostras de sangue foram coletadas de pacientes que visitaram o Hospital Victoria de Bahawalpur, no Paquistão. Um teste de diagnóstico rápido (TIC) foi utilizado para diagnosticar o antígeno de superfície da hepatite B e o anti-HCV, seguido por um ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA). Os dados foram analisados ​​no IBM SPSS versão 22. No total, foram testadas 263 amostras; 5,3% (14/263) testaram positivo para HBV, 25,4% (67/263) testaram positivo para HCV e 0,76% (2/263) estavam coinfectados. O estudo encontrou associação significativa entre analfabetismo 24% (63/263) e alfabetização 7,6% (20/263) (P = 0,001), idade (31-40 anos) 11% (29/263) (P = 0,027), internação 38% (100/263) versus não internação 62% (163/263) (P = 0,008), e pacientes que receberam algum tratamento odontológico 20,9% (55/263) versus aqueles que não receberam 79,1% (208/263). 263) (P = 0,057). Segundo o estudo, as pessoas que visitavam hospitais com frequência não recebiam cuidados médicos e não tinham conhecimento das causas da transmissão da doença, o que as tornava mais suscetíveis à infecção. O estudo ajudará a formular políticas e a adotar medidas preventivas para controlar a crescente incidência da hepatite B e C no Paquistão.

Resumo

A hérnia diafragmática consite no deslomento de alguns órgãos abdominais para a cavidade torácica por meio de uma aberturano diafragma. O tratamento cirúrgico indicado é ode sutura diafragmática-herniorrafia. O presente relato tem como objetivo descrever uma ocorrência, no Hospital Veterinário Universitário, da Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI), Teresina-Piauí, de uma hérnia diafragmática em gata com 7 anos de idade e o controle da dor, anestesia, em animais com trauma torácico.

A diaphragmatic hernia involves the displacement of some abdominal organs into the thoracic cavity through an opening in the diaphragm. The recommended surgical treatment is diaphragmatic suture-herniorrhaphy. The present report aims to describe an occurrence, at the University Veterinary Hospital, of the Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Teresina-Piauí, of a diaphragmatic hernia in a 7-year-old cat and the control of pain, anesthesia, in animals with chest trauma.

Una hernia diafragmática implica el desplazamiento de algunos órganos abdominales hacia la cavidad torácica a través de una abertura en el diafragma. El tratamiento quirúrgico recomendado es la sutura-herniorrafia diafragmática. El presente informe tiene como objetivo describir una aparición, en el Hospital Veterinario Universitario de la Universidad Federal de Piauí (UFPI), Teresina-Piauí, de una hernia diafragmática en un gato de 7 años y el control del dolor, anestesia, en animales con traumatismo torácico.

Resumo

Staphylococcus aureus is a ubiquitous nosocomial bacterium, which confers hospital-associated infections ranging from moderate to life-threatening disorders. The pathogenicity of the microorganism is attributed to various camouflage mechanisms harbored in its genome. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains have become significant pathogens in nosocomial and community settings. In the current study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of S. aureus, and more specifically, MRSA at different departments in four major hospitals in Jordan. A total of 500 inanimate surfaces located in the intensive care unit ICU, kidney department, surgery department, internal department, sterilization department, burn department, and operation department were swabbed. All isolates were identified by using routine bacterial culture, Gram staining, and a panel of biochemical tests such as; catalase, coagulase, DNase, urease, oxidase, and hemolysin production were performed. In terms of PCR, three main genes were screened, the 16S rRNA gene targeting Staphylococcus spp as a housekeeping gene, the coA gene was used as a specific gene to detect S. aureus, and the mecA gene used to identify MRSA isolates. Results revealed the prevalence of Staphylococcus spp was 212 (42.4%), S. aureus prevalence by coA gene 198 (39.6%), and MRSA by mecA gene in 81 samples (16.2%) . There was a strong positive connection (P < 0.01) found between department site and bacterial contamination. It was concluded that inanimate hospital environments contain a relatively high number of S. aureus and MRSA. Proper sterilization techniques, infection prevention, and control management strategies should be implemented.

Staphylococcus aureus é uma bactéria nosocomial onipresente, que causa infecções hospitalares que variam de moderadas a potencialmente fatais. A patogenicidade do microrganismo é atribuída a vários mecanismos de camuflagem presentes em seu genoma. Cepas de Staphylococcus aureus resistentes à meticilina tornaram-se patógenos significativos em ambientes hospitalares e comunitários. No presente estudo, nosso objetivo foi determinar a prevalência de S. aureus e, mais especificamente, de MRSA em diferentes departamentos de quatro grandes hospitais da Jordânia. Um total de 500 superfícies inanimadas localizadas na unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI), departamento de nefrologia, departamento de cirurgia, departamento de medicina interna, departamento de esterilização, departamento de queimados e departamento de operações foram submetidas a coleta por swab. Todas as amostras foram identificadas usando cultura bacteriana de rotina, coloração de Gram e uma série de testes bioquímicos, como catalase, coagulase, DNase, urease, oxidase e hemolisina. Em termos de PCR, três genes principais foram analisados: o gene 16S rRNA direcionado a Staphylococcus spp como gene de manutenção, o gene coA foi usado como gene específico para detectar S. aureus e o gene mecA usado para identificar isolados de MRSA. Os resultados revelaram a prevalência de Staphylococcus spp em 212 (42,4%), a prevalência de S. aureus pelo gene coA em 198 (39,6%) e MRSA pelo gene mecA em 81 amostras (16,2%). Houve uma forte conexão positiva (P <0,01) encontrada entre o local do departamento e a contaminação bacteriana. Concluiu-se que os ambientes hospitalares inanimados contêm um número relativamente alto de S. aureus e MRSA. Devem ser implementadas técnicas adequadas de esterilização, prevenção de infecções e estratégias de gestão de controle.

Resumo

Canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2) is a highly contagious enteric virus that causes high morbidity and mortality, especially in dogs under six months of age. Recovery from this illness is dependent on several factors, including the patient's prognosis for adequate therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors associated with the death outcome in CPV-2 positive dogs in a case-control study conducted at the Veterinary Hospital of the Universidade Federal de Lavras (HV-UFLA) in Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Twenty-six dogs with CPV-2 symptoms that arrived at the HV-UFLA between 2017 and 2018 were evaluated for inclusion in the study. Data on medical history, clinical signs, blood count and rapid test of parvovirus and faecal test for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were collected for all the animals. All the dogs received treatment at the HV-UFLA, and the overall fatality rate due to canine parvovirus was 30.77%. Descriptive analysis and univariate and multivariate statistical analyses (logistic regression) were performed to assess the variables that were possibly associated with an unfavourable prognosis (death). In the univariate and multivariate analyses, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) was observed to be a significant risk factor for an unfavourable prognosis in canine parvovirus, as it increased the risk of death by 12.96 times (95% CI 1.85-133.70; P < 0.01) compared with patients who did not exhibit SIRS. Thus, SIRS was strongly associated with an unfavourable prognosis, suggesting that it can be used as a prognostic indicator for canine parvovirus in veterinary practice.

O parvovírus canino 2 (CPV-2) é um vírus entérico altamente contagioso que causa alta morbidade e mortalidade, principalmente em cães com menos de seis meses de idade. A recuperação desta doença é dependente de vários fatores, incluindo a determinação do prognóstico do paciente para terapia adequada. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os fatores de risco associados ao desfecho óbito em cães com CPV-2 em um estudo de caso-controle realizado no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Lavras (HV-UFLA), em Lavras, Minas Gerais. Vinte e seis cães com sintomas de CPV-2 que chegaram entre 2017 e 2018 ao HV-UFLA foram avaliados para inclusão no estudo. Dados sobre histórico médico, sinais clínicos, hemograma e teste rápido de parvovirose e fezes para reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) foram coletados para todos os animais. Todos os cães receberam tratamento estabelecido pelo HV-UFLA e a taxa geral de letalidade por parvovirose canina foi de 30,77%. Análise descritiva e análise estatística univariada e multivariada (regressão logística) foram utilizadas para avaliar variáveis possivelmente associadas a um prognóstico desfavorável (óbito). Na análise univariada e multivariada, a Síndrome da Resposta Inflamatória Sistêmica (SIRS) foi observada como fator de risco significativo para prognóstico desfavorável na parvovirose canina, pois aumentou 12,96 vezes o risco de morte (95% IC 1,85-133,70; P < 0,01) em comparação com aqueles pacientes que não apresentaram SIRS. Assim, a SIRS foi fortemente associada com um prognóstico desfavorável, sugerindo que pode ser utilizada como indicador prognóstico na parvovirose canina na prática veterinária.

Resumo

The electrocardiogram, which graphically records the phases of the cardiac cycle, plays a crucial role in diagnosing arrhythmias and conduction abnormalities. However, the reliability of results can be significantly affected by the level of expertise of the evaluator. Acknowledging potential discrepancies in interpretations of the same electrocardiographic readings across different cardiac cycles and between analysts of varying experience, this study aimed to assess the interobserver and inter-cycle variability in electrocardiographic exams of dogs. This retrospective research was carried out at the Veterinary Hospital Superintendency Unit of the Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Realeza Campus, PR, Brazil. The study involved a random selection of electrocardiographic records from 50 dogs, collected between September 2018 and December 2019, without discrimination based on breed, sex, age, or weight. Various parameters were analyzed, including heart rate and rhythm; durations of P waves; QRS complexes; PR and QT intervals; amplitudes of P, R, and T waves; and both atrial and ventricular electrical axes. The data underwent Shapiro-Wilk normality testing, with parametric data analyzed via analysis of variance and Tukey's test, and non-parametric data assessed using the Kruskal-Wallis followed by Dunn's tests. The final step involved applying the Kappa Agreement Coefficient Test to the data. The findings revealed variability in heart rhythm interpretation, with disagreement between evaluators of low to intermediate experience levels. Specifically, low-level evaluators tended to underestimate maximum heart rates, recording a median rate of 105, compared to 122 by high-level evaluators (p=0.0100). Additionally, P wave durations were consistently overestimated by low- and intermediate-level evaluators, who reported median durations of 52 and 51, respectively, against 48 by their highly experienced counterparts (p=0.0064). No significant differences emerged in analyses comparing a single cardiac cycle to either three cycles or the average of three cycles. The study highlighted the impact of evaluator expertise on the variability of electrocardiographic interpretations, particularly concerning P wave duration, for which the evaluators tended to overestimate measurements, and the degrees of agreement, which did not represent their experience level. The findings stress the importance of training and routine practice in electrocardiographic examinations to mitigate the risk of mistaken interpretations and analyses.(AU)

O eletrocardiograma representa o registro gráfico das fases do ciclo cardíaco e é utilizado para o diagnóstico de arritmias ou distúrbios de condução. No entanto, a confiabilidade dos resultados pode ser influenciada pelo grau de experiência dos avaliadores. Devido à possibilidade de variação de resultados de um mesmo exame entre os ciclos cardíacos e entre analisadores de diferentes níveis de experiência, o estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a variabilidade interobservador e entre ciclos cardíacos durante a avaliação de exames eletrocardiográficos de cães. A pesquisa foi conduzida de forma retrospectiva na Superintendência Unidade Hospitalar Veterinária Universitária da Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Campus Realeza ­ PR. Para a análise eletrocardiográfica foram selecionados aleatoriamente exames de 50 cães, gravados em arquivos computadorizados durante o período de setembro de 2018 a dezembro de 2019, independente da raça, sexo, idade e peso. Foram avaliados frequência e ritmo cardíaco, durações de onda P, complexo QRS, intervalo PR e intervalo QT, amplitudes de onda P, R e T, e eixo elétrico atrial e ventricular. Os dados foram analisados por teste de normalidade de Shapiro-Wilk, sendo os dados paramétricos analisados por análise de variância seguido por Teste de Tukey e os dados não paramétricos pelo Teste de Kruskal-Wallis, seguido pelo Teste de Dunn. Como última etapa, os dados foram submetidos ao Teste de Coeficiente de Concordância de Kappa. Evidenciou-se variabilidade na interpretação de ritmos cardíacos com discordância de avaliadores de nível baixo e intermediário, diferença da frequência cardíaca máxima do avaliador de baixo nível de experiência que subestimou os valores, obtendo mediana de 105, enquanto o de alto nível obteve mediana de 122 (p=0,0100). Ainda, evidenciou-se superestimação da duração da onda P pelos avaliadores de nível baixo e intermediário, que encontraram medianas de 52 e 51 respectivamente, enquanto o de alto nível obteve mediana de 48 (p=0,0064). Em relação a diferentes ciclos cardíacos, não houve diferenças entre a análise de apenas um ciclo em relação a três ciclos ou a média de três ciclos. Por meio do estudo foi possível evidenciar a variabilidade na interpretação entre avaliadores com diferentes níveis de experiência, em relação a duração da onda P, em que os avaliadores superestimaram os valores e em relação aos graus de concordância que não representaram os níveis de experiência dos avaliadores na análise do todas as variáveis, ressaltando a importância do treinamento e rotina de exames eletrocardiográficos para evitar interpretações e análises equivocadas.(AU)

Resumo

Background: Canine hepatozoonosis is a disease caused by protozoa of the genus Hepatozoon. It is transmitted when dogs ingest infected ticks and via the vertical route. In Brazil, it is often considered to be a subclinical disease, but it is still unclear whether more severe clinical signs develop in young, elderly or debilitating animals. The aim of this study was to report 82 cases of dogs naturally infected with Hepatozoon spp. in the Sertão mesoregion of Paraíba, in order to characterize the clinical signs, haematological findings, presence of concomitant diseases and epidemiological aspects.Cases:Records of 82 dogs that tested positive for Hepatozoon spp. in direct blood smears were studied. These animals were treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Campina Grande, located in the municipality of Patos, Paraíba, Brazil. The following data were obtained from each animal's clinical record: age, sex, breed, presence of tick infestation, clinical signs and blood count data. According to the clinical findings, the animals were divided into 4 groups: 1- animals with co-infections; 2- with severe or debilitating conditions; 3- with non-specific clinical signs, and 4- asymp-tomatic. The most affected dogs were puppies up to 6 months old (P = 0.0002) and mixed breed (P = 0.0014). Infection was found in three puppies up to 30 days old. There was a high frequency of animals that presented ticks at the time of the clinical examination (P = 0.0006). Of the 82 positive dogs, 49 had severe or debilitating illnesses and were the most affected group (P < 0.001), 20 had non-specific clinical signs, 10 had co-infections with other agents and 3 were asymptomatic. The main conditions observed were trauma, neoplasms, co-infections with other haemoparasites and gastroenteritis. Anaemia and thrombocytopenia were the main haematological alterations, which were observed even in asymptomatic animals.Discussion: This is the 1st study to show that canine hepatozoonosis is present in the Sertão mesoregion of Paraíba, Northeast region of Brazil and to evaluate epidemiological aspects associated with the infection. The infection found in puppies sug-gests vertical infection. Diagnosis in this age group is extremely important, because in puppies the disease may present in an acute form, producing more severe clinical signs, due to the fact that immunity is not fully developed in these animals. Mixed breed dogs were more affected, which may be related to the fact that these animals belong to families with fewer socio-economic resources when compared to the owners of pedigree dogs, directly influencing basic care for the animal. Tick infestation was the main predisposing factor and highlights the need for owners to control ectoparasites. In most of the dogs the Hepatozoon spp. infection was not the main cause, presenting itself as a secondary laboratory finding. It is therefore possible that these associated diseases have reduced the resistance of the host's immune system to Hepatozoon spp. There were also animals that presented only non-specific clinical signs that correlate with the pathogenesis of the parasite. Anaemia and thrombocytopenia were the main haematological alterations observed and proved to be indicative of Hepatozoon spp. infection, especially in subclinical cases. It is suggested that veterinary clinicians should request that blood smears be tested for Hepatozoon spp. in dogs with debilitating diseases, non-specific clinical signs or haematologi-cal disorders.(AU)

Resumo

Background: Dermatophytes, fungi of universal distribution, invade semi or fully keratinized structures, such as skin, fur/hair and nails. In companion animals (cats, dogs, or small mammals like rabbits, guinea pigs, and chinchillas) as well as in large animals (mainly in horses and cattle). Frequently are responsible for skin diseases including alopecia and crusts. This work reported a case of equine ringworm due to Nannizzia gypsea (Microsporumgypseum) detected from the clini-cal sample by SYBR-Green real-time PCR. The strategy was based on the DNA extraction directly from the infected hair followed by real-time PCR and melting-point analysis. Case: A 2-year-old horse was referred to the Veterinary Clinic Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (HCV-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil, presenting circular areas of alopecia and lesions with dry aspect and thin powdery scales and hairs broken at their base mainly on head and neck. No previous antifungal treatment was carried out. The sample was obtained by plucking the hair with forceps and scales from the peripheral area of the lesions. For mycological diagnosis, hair specimen was clarified and examined microscopically using 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH) for the visualization of arthroconidia (ectothrix type). The infected hair was plated onto MycoselTM Agar and Mycosel Agar with nicotinic acid requirement, incubated at 25-30°C for 10-15 days. Microscopic features (macroconidia) and colony characteristics (colors and texture) were conducted for the differentiation of the species within the genus Microsporum. In addition, real-time PCR was applied for direct analysis of the fungal DNA obtained from the hair sample. Qiagen DNeasy® plant mini DNA extraction kit protocol was used to extract DNA from the hair sample according to the manufacturer's instructions. A real-time PCR was performed using the pan-dermatophyte primers for detecting a DNA fragment encoding chitin synthase 1 using SYBR Green PCR Mix. The melting curve data were obtained by continuous fluorescence acquisition from 60 to 95°C with a ramp rate of 0.3C. Microscopic examination of hair sample was negative. The culture was positive and dermatophyte present in the hair sample was confirmed as Nannizzia gypsea (M. gypseum) following the amplification of CHS1 gene. The hair sample melted at 83.78°C, showing that the isolated clinical curve was distinct from the control (M. canis) melted at 85.3°C. Discussion: Animals can be infected by a variety of dermatophytes. Nannizziagypsea (Microsporumgypseum) is a geo-philic keratinophilic fungus with a worldwide distribution which may cause infections in animals and humans, particularly children and rural workers during warm humid weather. Usually produces a single inflammatory skin or scalp lesion. The dermatophytic infection in horses is generally follicular and the most common clinical sign is one or many circular areas of alopecia with variable erythema, scaling and crusting. Is extremely important the culture of samples from skin lesions, because many agents may be involved and, frequently KHO test is negative. Conventional methods (direct exam and fungal culture) lacks the ability to make an early and specific diagnosis. The qPCR assay introduced in this study allows the specific detection of relevant dermatophytes in veterinary medicine in a short time. In the case reported here, dermatophytosis due Nannizziagypsea (Microsporumgypseum) in a horse was confirmed based on mycological diagnosis and SYBR-Green real-time PCR.(AU)

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The presence of fungi in healthcare settings, including hemodialysis units, represents a significant risk for immunocompromised patients. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of fungi in the air and water of a hemodialysis unit located in a tertiary public hospital in Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil. Over a period of three consecutive months, monthly air samples were collected and analyzed using the spontaneous sedimentation technique on Petri dishes containing Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA). Simultaneously, water samples (100 mL) were collected from four specific water distribution points and subjected plating on SDA. Fungi were phenotypically identified based on their macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. In total, 498 colony-forming units (CFUs) of fungi were isolated, with 86 CFUs originating from the air and 412 CFUs from the water. Regarding the water samples, a higher concentration of fungal CFUs was observed in the potable water from the supply network (229 CFUs). Unexpectedly, 23 CFUs were identified in the reverse osmosis samples and 11 CFUs in the storage tank, which are post-treatment points where the presence of microorganisms is not desired. The fungus Cladosporium spp. was the most prevalent in both air and water samples, followed by Penicillium spp. in the air and Rhodotorula spp. in the water. These findings underscore the need to implement effective control and monitoring measures for fungi in the hemodialysis unit to ensure patient safety.

A presença de fungos em ambientes de saúde, incluindo unidades de hemodiálise, representa um risco significativo para pacientes imunocomprometidos. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a ocorrência de fungos presentes no ar e na água de uma unidade de hemodiálise localizada em um hospital público terciário na cidade de Maceió, Alagoas, Brasil. Ao longo de três meses consecutivos, amostras mensais de ar foram coletadas e analisadas por meio da técnica de sedimentação espontânea em placas de Petri contendo Ágar Sabouraud Dextrose (ASD). Paralelamente, amostras de água (100 mL) foram coletadas em quatro pontos específicos de distribuição de água e submetidas ao plaqueamento por esgotamento em meio ASD. Os fungos foram identificados fenotipicamente por meio de associação de suas características macroscópicas e microscópicas. No total, foram isoladas 498 unidades formadoras de colônias (UFC) de fungos, sendo 86 UFC provenientes do ar e 412 UFC da água. Em relação à água, observou-se uma maior concentração de UFC de fungos na água potável proveniente da rede de abastecimento (229 UFC). Inesperadamente, foram identificados 23 UFC nas amostras da osmose reversa e 11 UFC no reservatório de armazenamento, pontos de pós-tratamento nos quais a presença de microrganismos não é desejada. O fungo Cladosporium spp. foi o mais prevalente tanto no ar quanto na água, seguido por Penicillium spp. no ar e Rhodotorula spp. na água. Esses achados enfatizam a necessidade de implementar medidas eficazes de controle e monitoramento de fungos na unidade de hemodiálise, visando garantir a segurança dos pacientes.

Resumo

O processo de manipulação no lactário, com posterior armazenamento e transporte, envolve riscos, pois o tempo entre o preparo e o consumo, pode propiciar o crescimento de bactérias patogênicas. O preparo e a manipulação de fórmulas lácteas para neonatos e lactentes deve seguir uma série de precauções para evitar contaminação da fórmula e consequente desfecho negativo. O objetivo deste estudo foi validar o processo de produção de fórmulas lácteas utilizando água estéril, através da análise microbiológica em diferentes momentos do preparo, a fim de garantir uma alimentação segura e de qualidade para os lactentes. A pesquisa foi realizada no lactário de um hospital maternidade por análises microbiológicas de amostras das fórmulas lácteas infantis preparadas com água estéril em diferentes dias, por meio de etapas distintas. Os resultados demonstraram que todas as amostras se encontravam de acordo com os padrões estabelecidos pela legislação brasileira vigente, estando aptas para o consumo humano, comprovando os adequados processos de refrigeração, aquecimento e distribuição. Após a revisão dos Procedimentos Operacionais Padronizados implementou-se um treinamento de educação continuada sobre todas as atividades executadas no lactário, que se estendeu às técnicas de enfermagem, responsáveis pela oferta e monitoramento do tempo de exposição da fórmula em temperatura ambiente, desde o recebimento até a distribuição. É notável a importância do correto processamento e manipulação das fórmulas para prevenir surtos infecciosos e garantir a proteção à saúde infantil, evidenciando que as etapas do processo implementado no presente estudo foram eficazes e podem ser adotadas como rotina diária no lactário.(AU)

The handling process in the dairy, with subsequent storage and transport, involves risks, as the time between preparation and consumption can encourage the growth of pathogenic bacteria. The preparation and handling of infant formulas for neonates and infants must follow a series of precautions to avoid contamination of the formula and consequent negative outcome. The objective of this study was to validate the production process of milk formulas using sterile water, through microbiological analysis at different times of preparation, in order to guarantee safe and quality food for infants. The research was carried out in the lactary of a maternity hospital through microbiological analyzes of samples of infant milk formulas prepared with sterile water on different days, through different steps. The results showed that all samples were in accordance with the standards established by the current Brazilian legislation, being suitable for human consumption, proving the adequate processes of refrigeration, heating and distribution. After reviewing the Standard Operating Procedures, continuing education training was implemented on all activities carried out in the dairy, which was extended to the nursing technicians, responsible for offering and monitoring the exposure time of the formula at room temperature, from receipt to the distribution. The importance of correct processing and manipulation of formulas to prevent infectious outbreaks and ensure the protection of child health is noteworthy, showing that the steps of the process implemented in the present study were effective and can be adopted as a daily routine in the dairy.(AU)

Resumo

A relação humano-animal é datada de milhares de anos com o processo de domesticação canina e felina, caracterizando um estreito e intenso vínculo interespécie. Cães e gatos são os animais de estimação mais populares e de preferência da maioria da população. O Brasil tem aproximadamente 47,9 milhões de domicílios com pelo menos um cão ou gato. O bem estar animal é definido como o bem estar físico, psicológico, social e ambiental dos animais. Diante disso, um ambiente hospitalar voltado ao bem estar de cães e gatos permite uma melhora no vínculo humano-animal que se constrói diariamente entre o clínico, o tutor e o animal. Um serviço veterinário baseado no manejo amigável promove uma percepção positiva do atendimento clínico, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre práticas de bem estar animal na clínica médica de cães e gatos domésticos. Para tanto foi realizada uma busca em sites de busca científica, utilizando-se palavras chave sobre o tema. A seleção dos artigos foi realizada sem restrição de ano e de idioma, devido à limitação de trabalhos referentes ao tema em cães e gatos. Conclui-se que a implementação de um manejo friendly, traz benefícios para cães e gatos, tutores e médicos veterinários, sendo uma alternativa aos profissionais para a adoção de práticas de bem estar, para isso, é preciso treinar a equipe para identificar níveis baixos de bem estar em cada setor da clínica.

The human-animal relationship dates back thousands of years with the process of canine and feline domestication, featuring a close and intense interspecies bond. Dogs and cats are the most popular and preferred pets of the majority of the population. The Brazil has approximately 47.9 million households with at least a dog or cat. The animal welfare is defined as the physical, psychological, social and environmental well-being of animals. Therefore, a hospital environment focused on the well-being of dogs and cats allows an improvement in the human-animal bond that is built daily between the clinician, the guardian and the animal. A veterinary service based on friendly management promotes a positive perception of clinical care. Thus, the present work had as main objective to encourage the adoption of animal welfare practices in the medical clinic of domestic dogs and cats in order to alleviate any stressor and provide a more welcoming environment. This work was a literature review in which clinical studies available in the academic literature were gathered. The selection of articles was carried out without restriction of year and language due to the limitation of works related to the subject in dogs and cats. It is concluded that the implementation of a friendly handling brings benefits to dogs and cats, tutors and veterinarians, being an alternative to professionals for the adoption of welfare practices; To do this, it is necessary to train the team to identify low levels of well-being in each sector of the clinic.

Resumo

A incidência da lesão renal aguda caracteriza-se como evento frequente em pacientes críticos internados em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva e está associada ao aumento de mortalidade, causando grande impacto à Saúde Pública. As intercorrências clínicas são minimizadas com intervenções dialíticas, acarretando a exposição do paciente a volumes expressivos de água tratada durante a terapia renal em leito. As análises microbiológicas e de determinação de endotoxinas bacterianas em amostras de água tratada e em soluções de dialisato foram executadas em dois hospitais públicos do município de São Paulo, seguindo metodologias analíticas preconizadas em compêndios oficiais. A avaliação demonstrou que a porcentagem de resultados satisfatórios no período de 2010 a 2022 variou entre 35,2 a 100% e de 40 a 100% para as unidades hospitalares I e II para a água tratada, respectivamente; e, 100% para as soluções de dialisato para a unidade hospitalar I. A eficácia de ações delineadas pelas equipes técnicas das unidades hospitalares, na adequação da água destinada à terapia dialítica, aponta para a importância em estimular outras instituições hospitalares na padronização e implantação de melhoria contínua de seus sistemas de tratamento de água para uso em procedimento dialítico, prevenindo riscos adicionais aos pacientes expostos à terapia renal.

The incidence of acute kidney is high among critically ill patients admitted to Intensive Care Units and is associated with increased mortality, having a major impact on public health. Clinical complications are minimized with dialysis interventions, which expose patients to significant volumes of treated water during in-bed renal therapy. Microbiological analyzes and determination of bacterial endotoxins were performed on treated water samples and dialysate solutions in two public hospitals in São Paulo city, using analytical methodologies recommended in official compendia. The evaluation showed that the percentage of satisfactory results for treated water ranged from 35.2% to 100% in Hospital Unit I and from 40% to 100% in Hospital Unit II between 2010 and 2022. For dialysate solutions in Hospital Unit I, the percentage of satisfactory results was 100% during the same period. The effectiveness of actions implemented by the technical hospital teams, in adapting water for dialysis therapy, points to the importance of encouraging other hospital institutions to standardize and implement a program of continuous improvement for their water treatment systems used in dialysis procedures. This will help to prevent additional risks to patients exposed to renal therapy.

Resumo

Bacteria responsible for causing infections are common in hospital environments, water, soil, and food products. The infection risk is intensified by the absence of public sanitation, poor quality of life, and food scarcity. These external factors promote the dissemination of pathogens by direct contamination or biofilm formation. In this work, we identified bacterial isolates obtained from intensive care units in the southern region of Tocantins, Brazil. We compared matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) techniques and 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) molecular analysis; we also performed phenotypic characterization. Fifty-six isolates characterized using morphotinctorial tests were classified as gram-positive (80.4%; n = 45) and gram-negative (19.6%; n = 11) and were resistant to several antibiotic classes; notably, we identified the blaOXA-23 resistance gene in the ILH10 isolate. Microbial identification using MALDI-TOF MS resulted in the identification of Sphingomonas paucimobilis and Bacillus circulans. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed four isolates belonging to the genera Bacillus and Acinetobacter. The similarity was superior to 99% for Acinetobacter schindleri in the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST), grouped in the clade superior to 90%. Several strains isolated from intensive care units (ICU) were resistant to various antibiotic classes. These techniques allowed for the identification of several microorganisms of importance in public health, enabling improvements in human infection control and proving the quality of inputs, food, and water.

As bactérias responsáveis por causar infecções são comuns em ambientes hospitalares, água, solo e produtos alimentícios. O risco de infecção é intensificado pela ausência de saneamento público, má qualidade de vida e escassez de alimentos. Esses fatores externos promovem a disseminação de patógenos por contaminação direta ou formação de biofilme. Neste trabalho, identificamos isolados bacterianos obtidos de unidades de terapia intensiva na região sul do Tocantins, Brasil. Comparamos técnicas de espectrometria de massa de tempo de voo com ionização por dessorção a laser assistida por matriz (MALDI-TOF MS) e análise molecular de ácido ribonucleico ribossômico 16S (rRNA); também realizamos caracterização fenotípica. Cinquenta e seis isolados caracterizados por testes morfotintoriais foram classificados como gram-positivos (80,3%; n = 45) e gram-negativos (19,6%; n = 11) e foram resistentes a várias classes de antibióticos; notavelmente, identificamos o gene de resistência blaOXA-23 no isolado de ILH10. A identificação microbiana usando MALDI-TOF MS resultou na identificação de Sphingomonas paucimobilis e Bacillus circulans. O sequenciamento do 16S rRNA revelou quatro isolados pertencentes aos gêneros Bacillus e Acinetobacter. A similaridade foi superior a 99% para Acinetobacter schindleri no BLAST, agrupado no clado superior a 90%. Várias cepas isoladas de ICU foram resistentes a várias classes de antibióticos. Essas técnicas permitiram a identificação de diversos microrganismos de importância em saúde pública, possibilitando melhorias no controle de infecções humanas e comprovando a qualidade dos insumos, alimentos e água.

Resumo

Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar o efeito da utilização de complexo enzimático em rações para leitões sobre o desempenho zootécnico nas fases pré-inicial e inicial. Foram utilizados, para isso, 292 leitões, machos castrados e fêmeas, de linhagem comercial. O período de suplementação da enzima, na maternidade, foi do sétimo ao vigésimo primeiro dia de idade, e, na creche, foi do desmame até a saída para a fase de crescimento. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, sendo a matriz e sua leitegada consideradas a unidade experimental durante a maternidade e uma baia com dez leitões na creche. Na maternidade, os tratamentos consistiram em: T1 - ração controle, sem complexo enzimático; T2 - ração controle com adição on top do complexo enzimático com inclusão de 5%. Na creche, foram definidos três tratamentos: T1 - ração controle; T2 - ração controle com inclusão on top de 5% do complexo enzimático na fase de maternidade; T3 - ração controle com inclusão de 5% de complexo enzimático nas fases de maternidade e creche. A suplementação durante a lactação não influenciou o desempenho da leitegada na maternidade até o 21º dia. Na creche, leitões alimentados com ração controle apresentaram maior peso inicial em relação aos suplementados na fase de maternidade e creche. Ao término da fase, os leitões mostraram desempenho semelhante, independente da dieta. Conclui-se que a inclusão do complexo enzimático na forma on top em dietas para leitões não influenciou parâmetros de desempenho na maternidade, porém, favoreceu a recuperação de leitões desmamados com menor peso.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of using an enzymatic complex in piglet feeds on the zootechnical performance in the pre-starter and initial phases. For this purpose, 292 piglets, castrated males and females, of commercial lineage were used. The enzyme supplementation period in the maternity hospital was from the seventh to the twenty-first day of age, and in the nursery, it was from the waning until the exit for the growth phase. The design used was completely randomized, with the mother and her litter considered the experimental unit during maternity and a stall with 10 piglets in the nursery. In maternity, the treatments consisted of: T1 - control feed, without the enzymatic complex; T2 - control diet with on top addition of the enzymatic complex with 5% inclusion. Three treatments were defined at the nursery: T1 - control feed; T2 - control diet with inclusion on top of 5% of the enzymatic complex in the maternity phase; T3 - control feed with the inclusion of 5% enzymatic complex in the maternity and nursery phases. Supplementation during lactation did not influence litter performance in the maternity unit until 21 days. In the nursery, piglets fed with control feed had higher initial weight compared to those supplemented in the maternity and nursery phases. At the end of the phase, the piglets showed similar performance, regardless of diet. It is concluded that the inclusion of the enzymatic complex used in the on top form in diets for piglets did not influence performance parameters in maternity; however, it favored the recovery of weaned piglets with lower weight.

Resumo

The objective of this research was to identify brucellosis by Brucella abortus and the possible risk factors associated with the transmission of the infection in dogs in the urban area of the municipality of Viçosa-AL, as well as to alert health authorities about the risk of this potential zoonosis, create a booklet to alert the population about the risks of the disease and the possibility of creating a test protocol in clinical care at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Alagoas. A study was carried out in the city of Viçosa-AL to investigate the presence of B. abortus in 30 adult male dogs. The animals that showed symptoms suggestive of reproductive disease were referred for evaluation of the hematological pattern and clinical and surgical treatment. Parallel to the blood collection, a questionnaire was applied to the owners of these dogs. Buffered acid antigen (AAT) techniques were used as a screening test and 2-Mercaptoethanol (2-ME) as a confirmatory test for AAT positives with symptoms of brucellosis. The study aimed to analyze the number of positive dogs, the clinical and anatomopathological changes and the risk factors for the occurrence of brucellosis in dogs in the municipality of Viçosa-AL. As dogs are a means of transmission for humans, health authorities must pay special attention to this disease, including the control of dogs in the Program for Control and Eradication of Brucellosis of the Ministry of Agriculture. In addition to intensifying control of vaccination and diagnosis in cattle

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar a brucelose por B. abortus e os possíveis fatores de risco associados à transmissão de infecção em cães na área urbana de Viçosa-AL, bem como alertar as autoridades de saúde sobre o risco dessa potencial zoonose, criar cartilha para alertar a população sobre os riscos da doença e a possibilidade de criação de um protocolo de teste no atendimento clínico do Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Alagoas. Um estudo foi realizado no município de Viçosa-AL para investigar a presença de B. abortus em 30 cães machos adultos. As técnicas do Antígeno Acidificado Tampado (AAT) foram usadas como teste de triagem e o 2-Mercaptoetanol (2-ME) como confirmatório dos positivos para AAT com sintomas de brucelose. Dos 30 animais testados com AAT, 15 eram domiciliados e 15 semi-domesticados, nos quais 60% (9/15) e 47% (7/15) desses cães eram reativos ao soro, respectivamente. Dos 16 cães reativos séricos para AAT, apenas 25% (4/16) apresentaram sintomas e foram testados com 2- ME, sendo confirmado 100% (4/4). Nos exames anatomopatológicos, foram observadas características típicas de animais brucélicos. Somente o contato com animais da fazenda foi associado à brucelose (p <0,05), sendo considerado fator de proteção

Resumo

Fraturas ósseas e luxações são mais comuns em animais jovens e, na maioria das vezes, essas fraturas ocorrem devido ao manejo incorreto desses animais, podendo levar a uma queda de produção a curto ou longo prazo, gerando perdas econômicas e produtivas de animais de alto padrão genético. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar a ocorrência de uma fratura na região metacarpiana do membro torácico esquerdo de uma bezerra Gir de 12 dias de idade, causada por uma contenção ineficaz durante a pesagem. O animal proveniente de uma fazenda em Umirim/CE foi encaminhado ao Hospital Veterinário de Grandes Animais do Centro Universitário INTA em Sobral/CE. Ao passar pelo exame radiográfico, foi constatada a fratura na região metacarpiana do membro torácico esquerdo. O animal foi imobilizado de forma manual, seguindo-se métodos semiológicos para minimizar o estresse. Para a imobilização do membro, foi utilizada a muleta de Thomas modificada e bandagens, associadas ao controle da dor com as drogas Flunixin meglumine (1,1mg/kg) e Fenilbutazona (4,4mg/kg). Depois da imobilização, o animal seguiu internado no HOVET-GA e, após 18 dias, foi realizada uma nova radiografia para ver o progresso a partir do tratamento adotado. Constatou-se a formação de um calo ósseo, com a ossificação da fratura, não sendo necessário o encaminhamento cirúrgico do animal. Assim, o tratamento com muleta de Thomas modificada foi efetivo para a recuperação do membro fraturado, além de ser um tratamento de baixo custo e fácil aplicação, tendo o animal apresentado uma boa resposta ao tratamento terapêutico para controle da dor.

Bone fractures and dislocations are more common in young animals and mostly occur due to incorrect handling of these animals, which can lead to a short or long-term drop in production, generating economic and productive losses of animals of high genetic standard. This study aimed to report the occurrence of a fracture in the metacarpal region of the left thoracic limb of a 12-day-old Gir heifer, caused by an ineffective restraint during weighing. The animal from a farm in Umirim/CE was sent to the Veterinary Hospital of Large Animals of the University Center INTA in Sobral/CE. The radiographic examination found a fracture in the metacarpal region of the left thoracic limb. The animal was manually immobilized following semiological methods to minimize stress. For the limb immobilization, a modified Thomas crutch and bandages associated with pain control with the drugs Flunixin meglumine (1.1mg/kg) and Phenylbutazone (4.4mg/kg) were used. After immobilization, the animal remained hospitalized at HOVET-GA and after 18 days a new radiograph was performed to evaluate the progress achieved with the treatment adopted. It was found the formation of a bone callus with the ossification of the fracture, not requiring the surgical referral of the animal. Thus, the treatment with the modified Thomas crutch was effective for the recovery of the fractured limb, in addition to being a low-cost and easy-to-apply treatment. The animal showed a good response to the therapeutic treatment for pain control.

Resumo

Alo vera is a centenary remedy use for minor wounds and burns, but its mechanism of wound healing has not been know since. This article will evaluate and gather evidence of the effectiveness and safety of the use of aloe vera in the treatment of burns. A systematic review was carried out on the databases: MEDLINE, LILACS, DECS, SCIELO, in the last 7 years, with the descriptors: "Aloe", "Burns" and "treatment". 16 articles were found. After using the exclusion criteria; research in non-humans and literature review; 5 articles were selected. The article Teplick et al. (2018) performed an in vitro clinical experiment in A. Vera solution, and demonstrated that there was proliferation and cell migration of human skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes, in addition to being protective in the death of keratonocytes. That is, it accelerates the healing of wounds. Muangman et al. (2016), evaluated 50 patients with 20% of the total body surface area burned with second-degree burns, between 18-60 years old, with half of the group receiving gauze dressings with soft paraffin containing 0.5% chlorhexidine acetate and the other half receiving polyester dressings containing extracts of medicinal plants mainly Aloe Vera. It had positive results, a higher healing speed and shorter hospital stay compared to the control group. Hwang et al. (2015) investigated the antioxidant effects of different extracts from 2,4,6,8,12 months of Aloe Vera. And the 6-month concentrated extract of 0.25 mg / mL had a higher content of flavonoids (9.750 mg catechin equivalent / g extract) and polyphenols (23.375 mg gallic acid equivalent / g extract) and the greater ferric reducing antioxidant power [...].

Alo vera é um remédio centenário usado para pequenas feridas e queimaduras, mas seu mecanismo de cicatrização de feridas não foi conhecido desde então. Este artigo avaliará e reunirá evidências da eficácia e segurança do uso de aloe vera no tratamento de queimaduras. Realizada revisão Sistemática nas bases de dados: MEDLINE, LILACS, DECS, SCIELO, nos últimos 7 anos, com os descritores: "Aloe", "Burns" and "treatment". Foram encontrados 16 trabalhos. Após utilizarmos os critérios de exclusão; pesquisa em não humanos e revisão da literatura ; foram selecionados 5 artigos. O artigo Teplick et al. (2018) realizou um experimento clinico in vitro em solução de A. Vera, e demonstrou que houve proliferação e migração celular de fibroblastos e queratinócitos de pele humana, além de ser protetor na morte de queratonócitos. Ou seja, acelera a cicatrização das feridas. Já Muangman et al. (2016), avaliou 50 pacientes com 20% do total da área superficial corporal queimada com queimaduras de segundo grau, entre 18-60 anos, tendo metade do grupo como controle recebendo curativos de gaze com parafina mole contendo 0,5% acetado de clorexidina e a outra metade recebendo curativos com poliéster contendo extratos de plantas medicinais principalmente Aloe Vera. Teve resultados positivos, uma maior velocidade de cicatrização e menor tempo de internação comparado ao grupo controle. Já Hwang et al. (2015) investigou os efeitos antioxidante de diferentes extratos de 2,4,6,8,12 meses da Aloe Vera. E o extrato com 6 meses concentrado de 0,25 mg/mL teve maior teor de flavanóides (9,750 mg equivalente catequina / g extrato) e polifenóis (23,375 mg equivalente ácido gálico / g extrato) e o maior poder antioxidante redutor férrico (0,047 mM de sulfato ferroso equivalente / extrato mg), ou seja, maior potencial [...].

Resumo

Abstract Alo vera is a centenary remedy use for minor wounds and burns, but its mechanism of wound healing has not been know since. This article will evaluate and gather evidence of the effectiveness and safety of the use of aloe vera in the treatment of burns. A systematic review was carried out on the databases: MEDLINE, LILACS, DECS, SCIELO, in the last 7 years, with the descriptors: Aloe, Burns and treatment. 16 articles were found. After using the exclusion criteria; research in non-humans and literature review; 5 articles were selected. The article Teplick et al. (2018) performed an in vitro clinical experiment in A. Vera solution, and demonstrated that there was proliferation and cell migration of human skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes, in addition to being protective in the death of keratonocytes. That is, it accelerates the healing of wounds. Muangman et al. (2016), evaluated 50 patients with 20% of the total body surface area burned with second-degree burns, between 18-60 years old, with half of the group receiving gauze dressings with soft paraffin containing 0.5% chlorhexidine acetate and the other half receiving polyester dressings containing extracts of medicinal plants mainly Aloe Vera. It had positive results, a higher healing speed and shorter hospital stay compared to the control group. Hwang et al. (2015) investigated the antioxidant effects of different extracts from 2,4,6,8,12 months of Aloe Vera. And the 6-month concentrated extract of 0.25 mg / mL had a higher content of flavonoids (9.750 mg catechin equivalent / g extract) and polyphenols (23.375 mg gallic acid equivalent / g extract) and the greater ferric reducing antioxidant power (0.047 mM equivalent ferrous sulfate / mg extract), that is, greater potential for free radical scavenging and also a protective effect against oxidative stress induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP), suggesting evidence of a bioactive potential of A. vera . However, in the article Kolacz et al. (2014) suggested as an alternative treatment the use of Aloe Vera dressing in combination with honey, lanolin, olive oil, wheat germ oil, marshmallow root, wormwood, comfrey root, white oak bark, lobelia inflata, glycerin vegetable oil, beeswax and myrrh, without obtaining significant and conclusive results that would allow the conventional treatment of burns to be subsidized. Finally, in the article by Zurita and Gallegos (2017), it carried out a descriptive cross-sectional study with 321 people, both sexes between 17-76 years of age, of an inductive nature, exploring the experience of this population and their behavioral attitudes regarding the treatment of dermatoses. Aloe vera had 13.8% cited by individuals in the treatment of acne and 33.6% in the treatment of burns. Even with evidence that suggests the efficacy in the treatment of burns with the use of Aloe Vera extract, further clinical trials with larger sample space on the use of Aloe vera dressings in medium burns are suggested for further conclusions.

Resumo Alo vera é um remédio centenário usado para pequenas feridas e queimaduras, mas seu mecanismo de cicatrização de feridas não foi conhecido desde então. Este artigo avaliará e reunirá evidências da eficácia e segurança do uso de aloe vera no tratamento de queimaduras. Realizada revisão Sistemática nas bases de dados: MEDLINE, LILACS, DECS, SCIELO, nos últimos 7 anos, com os descritores: Aloe, Burns and treatment. Foram encontrados 16 trabalhos. Após utilizarmos os critérios de exclusão; pesquisa em nao humanos e revisão da literatura ; foram selecionados 5 artigos. O artigo Teplick et al. (2018) realizou um experimento clinico in vitro em solução de A. Vera, e demonstrou que houve proliferação e migração celular de fibroblastos e queratinócitos de pele humana, além de ser protetor na morte de queratonócitos. Ou seja, acelera a cicatrização das feridas. Já Muangman et al. (2016), avaliou 50 pacientes com 20% do total da área superficial corporal queimada com queimaduras de segundo grau, entre 18-60 anos, tendo metade do grupo como controle recebendo curativos de gaze com parafina mole contendo 0,5% acetado de clorexidina e a outra metade recebendo curativos com poliéster contendo extratos de plantas medicinais principalmente Aloe Vera. Teve resultados positivos, uma maior velocidade de cicatrização e menor tempo de internação comparado ao grupo controle. Já Hwang et al. (2015) investigou os efeitos antioxidante de diferentes extratos de 2,4,6,8,12 meses da Aloe Vera. E o extrato com 6 meses concentrado de 0,25 mg/mL teve maior teor de flavanóides (9,750 mg equivalente catequina / g extrato) e polifenóis (23,375 mg equivalente ácido gálico / g extrato) e o maior poder antioxidante redutor férrico (0,047 mM de sulfato ferroso equivalente / extrato mg), ou seja, maior potencial de eliminação de radicais livres e também efeito proteror contra o estresse oxidativo induzido por hidroperóxido de terc-butila (t-BHP), sugerindo indícios de um potencial bioativo da A. vera. Porém, no artigo Kolacz et al. (2014) sugeriu como tratamento alternativo o uso do curativo com Aloe Vera em conjunto de mel, lanolina, azeite de oliva, óleo de gérmen de trigo, raiz de marshmallow, absinto, raiz de confrei, casca de carvalho branco, lobelia inflata, glicerina vegetal, cera de abelha e mirra, não obtendo resultados significativos e conclusivos que permitam subsidiar o tratamento convencional das queimaduras. Por fim, no artigo de Zurita and Gallegos (2017), realizou um estudo descritivo transversal com 321 pessoas, ambos os sexos entre 17-76 anos, de natureza indutiva, explorando a vivência dessa população e suas atitudes comportamentais quanto ao tratamento de dermatoses. Aloe vera teve 13,8% citada pelos indivíduos no tratamento de acne e 33,6% no tratamento de queimaduras. Mesmo tendo evidências que sugerem a eficácia no tratamento de queimaduras com o uso do extrato da Aloe Vera, sugere-se mais ensaios clínicos com espaço amostral maior sobre o uso de curativos de Aloe vera em médio queimados para maiores conclusões.

Resumo

Canine transmissible venereal tumors (TVT) have a high incidence in Brazil. This is partly due to the large population of stray dogs and the ineffectiveness of epidemiological control programs. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological data, clinical manifestations, and treatments used in dogs affected by TVT. Data were retrospectively collected from the 2015-2020 records of the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro. A total of 252 dogs were diagnosed with TVT during the study period. Of these, 81.3% were mixed-breed, 50.4% were males, and 88.9% were young or adult animals. The genital region only was affected in 77.3% of cases. Exclusively extragenital lesions were observed in 22.6% of cases. Among the animals seen, 40.1% received no treatment. Of those treated, 99.3% underwent a vincristine sulfate protocol, and in 77.2%, the treatment resulted in total remission of the neoplasm after 4 to 6 chemotherapy sessions. It was concluded that TVT is a neoplasm most often seen in mixed-breed dogs and located in the genital region, with hemorrhagic secretion being the main clinical sign reported by owners. Vincristine sulfate is currently the most used therapy, with high efficacy. However, despite the good prognosis, there was a high rate of non-adherence or abandonment of treatment, and this is an important factor to be considered and addressed by veterinarians.

O tumor venéreo transmissível (TVT) apresenta elevada incidência no Brasil, relacionada a elevada população de caninos errantes e a ineficácia dos programas de controle epidemiológicos. O objetivo do estudo foi descrever dados epidemiológicos, manifestação clínica e o tratamento empregado em cães acometidos pelo TVT no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro entre os anos de 2015 e 2020. Foram diagnosticados 252 cães com TVT durante o período do estudo, sendo 81,3% cães sem raça definida, 50,4% machos e 49,6% fêmeas, e com 88,9% animais jovens ou adultos. A região genital foi acometida em 77,3% dos casos. Lesões exclusivamente extragenitais foram observadas em 22,6% dos casos. Quanto ao tratamento, 40,1% dos cães não receberam tratamento. Entre os animais tratados, 99,3% utilizaram protocolo com sulfato de vincristina e em 77,2% o tratamento resultou em remissão total da neoplasia, com a realização de 4 a 6 sessões do quimioterápico. Conclui-se que o TVT é uma neoplasia frequentemente relacionada a cães sem raça definida, localizados na região genital, com secreção hemorrágica sendo o principal sinal clínico reportado pelos proprietários. O sulfato de vincristina é a terapia mais empregada, com alta eficácia. Entretanto, apesar de ser uma neoplasia com bom prognóstico, o alto índice de não adesão ou abandono ao tratamento representa um importante fator a ser considerado e trabalhado pelos médicos veterinários.

Resumo

Background: The endocannabinoid system (eCBoma) is a complex of interactions between endocannabinoid substances, enzymes, and various receptors present throughout the body. In this way, cannabis therapy, comprising phytocannabinoids, represents a therapeutic potential much researched in other areas, but still scarce in veterinary medicine. We highlight the potential use of this therapy in dogs with atopic dermatitis, the second most common allergic skin disease in clinical routine and which represents a therapeutic challenge for controlling clinical signs. The objective of this work is to report a case of the association of Cannabis oil with ciclosporin in a bitch. Case:A 8-year-old mixed breed spayed bitch, with a previous diagnosis of atopic dermatitis and a history of therapies with inefficient results was attended at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. During the consultation, the profile of oxidative stress and skin histopathology were assessed, with mast cell count to assess the effectiveness of the association, in addition to the measurement of blood glucose and systolic blood pressure, and blood collection to perform blood count and biochemical profile to evaluate the effective-ness of the treatment used. Another form of evaluation applied was the owner's perception of the animal's adaptation to the new treatment, with regard to itching, skin lesions, and adverse effects, through a questionnaire. As treatment, ciclosporin was prescribed at a dose of 1.25 mg/kg, SID in association with Cannabis oil "full spectrum high" cannabidiol (CBD) 4%, 8 drops once a day for 60 days. Baths with chlorhexidine shampoo were maintained. According to the owner's perception, the animal presented good acceptance to the treatment, reporting drowsiness, hyperexia, weight gain, and calmer behavior as adverse effects, which were not harmful to the animal, and did not require that the treatment be interrupted. A decrease in blood glucose levels, an increase in antioxidant substances and a decrease in itching were observed. Discussion: Canine atopic dermatitis is characterized as an allergic skin disease, most frequently diagnosed in dogs, with a multifactorial pathogenesis and challenging to control, requiring the use of continuous treatment throughout the patient's life. The most commonly used commercial treatment option is ciclosporin. Ciclosporin is a calcium-inhibiting medication that binds to the cytoplasm of lymphocytes and inhibits the translocation of nuclear factor from activated T cells to the nucleus, negatively regulating the synthesis of several cytokines, such as IL-2 and IFNγ. The CB1 and CB2 receptors of the endocannabinoid system are located in different parts of the body, including the skin, with functions of maintaining the skin barrier, cell growth and differentiation, and immunological and inflammatory processes. The particularity of the eCBoma in the skin is a growing therapeutic target. Its receptors, present in specific skin cells, become targets of different therapies in different diseases that affect the largest organ of the body, mainly due to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and analgesic properties. Not only present in the skin, this system influences different mechanisms, such as blood glucose regulation, systemic pressure, and increased antioxidant substances in the body. It is concluded that Cannabis oil is promising when combined with ciclosporin in order to control the clinical signs of canine atopic dermatitis, thus improving the patient's quality of life.