Total heat loss in broilers fed with different lipid sources

To meet the growing demand for poultry products, many producers have decided to increase the density of animals per square meter. This, coupled with global warming, creates a severe problem for the poultry industry, as it is common to observe birds moving away from the thermal comfort zone. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of three lipid sources and three levels of inclusion in broiler diets on sensible heat loss. Three hundred twenty-four female broilers from the Ross 308 line were housed in cages in an open house and distributed into nine different treatments. The body surface temperature was observed with an infrared thermography camera. Heat loss was analyzed by radiation, and convection was calculated by equations at weeks three, four, and six of broiler life, considering the importance of measuring and analyzing the following variables: wind speed, bird weight, bird area, ambient temperature, and relative humidity, among others. The treatments had no significant effect on Qt; however, the inclusion of palm oil, chicken oil at 3%, and sacha inchi oil at 9% can be an alternative in broiler chicken feed since they tend to reduce Qt at day 42 of life.

Antimicrobial photodinamic therapy combined with laser photobiomodulation in the treatment of skin wounds in a dog (Canis lupus familiaris)

Background: Laser photobiomodulation has been used in the treatment of various injuries and diseases. This promotes modulation of the inflammatory process, edema reduction and devitalized tissue regeneration. The advantages of Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy are its easy application and the absence of side effects. Other advantages are the cost of the therapy, minimal damage to animal tissue, the broad spectrum of action, and efficiency against strains resistant to antimicrobials. The aim of this study was to report the clinical and their resolution in a female dog with a traumatic, infected wound treated with laser phototherapy as an alternative therapy method. Case: A 3-year-old bitch Border Collie, weighing 18 kg, from the municipality of Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil, waspresented for examination with a history of traumatic laceration of the left thoracic member. On the anamnesis, it was reported that the patient presented with laceration of the left thoracic member. The wound was cleaned and an antibiotic [30 mg/kg of 12/12 h] and anti-inflammatory [0.1 mg/kg every 24 h were prescribed, both for 5 days]. Twenty-four h after the surgical procedure, there was dehiscence of the sutures, with daily topical therapy based on zinc oxide for secondary intention healing. Upon physical examination, the wound was found to be contaminated with swollen and erythematous edges, an ulcerated area with devitalized tissue, serous exudate, and 8.8 cm2 of wounded area. Given the macroscopic characteristics of the lesion, phototherapy was associated with conventional therapy until complete healing of the wound, with three weekly applications at 48 h intervals. Initially, the wound was cleaned with saline solution at 0.9% and a single treatment with aPDT was scheduled due to the high degree of contamination. The dosimetry parameters of irradiation were calculated according to the wounded area with a diode laser of 0.1W of power, continuous emission, spot area of 0.028 cm2, and energy of 9 J per application point. A gauze imbibed with 1 mL of methylene blue aqueous solution (300 µM), which was the photosensitizer was applied to the lesion, with a pre-irradiation time of 5 min, after which it was irradiated with red laser (RL) (λ = 660nm) for 90 s per point, using the sweeping technique. The edge of the lesion was irradiated with infrared laser (IRL) (λ = 808 nm), total energy of 5 J, using the technique of specific points and 1 J of energy/point. After aPDT, low-intensity laser therapy (LILT) sessions were set up with RL and IRL, with energies of 0.5 J/point and 1 J/point, respectively. The wound was cleaned daily, protected with a bandage, and clinically evaluated until complete regression. Discussion: In the present case, methylene blue was used as a photosensitizer, but it is noteworthy that, apparently, each microorganism responds differently to photosensitizers. Thus, the therapy becomes specific for each application, for example: the type of photosensitizer, its concentration, pre-irradiation time, type of light used in photosensitization, wavelength, energy, power, mode delivery of light. Thus, for the best result, the specific protocol in each application should be used Low-intensity laser therapy is an easily executed technique with effective results. The use of PDT associated with photobiomodulation therapy enabled rapid healing of the cutaneous wound, in addition to an improvement in clinical signs and pain caused by the lesion. The technique proved to be an efficient alternative in the treatment of wounds, whether used in isolation or associated with conventional therapy.

Effect of wetting method on the broiler transport in Brazilian Northeast

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the load wetting method to attenuate the ambience of the load the transport of broilers. Fourteen commercial consignments were monitored over a 25 km route, and in seven of these, the load wetting was carried (LW) out while in the other seven no wetting was done (LD). The temperatures of the side, top and rear load boxes were analyzed by infrared thermography. The central row load boxes were evaluated by geostatistics, using temperature variability (TA), relative humidity (RH) and the enthalpy comfort index (ECI). The mean was compared by Student's t-test (P < 0.05). The results showed that load wetting has a momentary effect (P < 0.05). The boxes located in the central rows in the LW showed a higher (P < 0.05) ECI compared to those in the LD. Inaddition, areas classified as lethal were formed in the LW. In conclusion, load wetting was not an efficient method to attenuate the ambience of load during the commercial transport of broilers, as it only has momentary and transient effects.(AU)

Effect of wetting method on the broiler transport in Brazilian Northeast

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the load wetting method to attenuate the ambience of the load the transport of broilers. Fourteen commercial consignments were monitored over a 25 km route, and in seven of these, the load wetting was carried (LW) out while in the other seven no wetting was done (LD). The temperatures of the side, top and rear load boxes were analyzed by infrared thermography. The central row load boxes were evaluated by geostatistics, using temperature variability (TA), relative humidity (RH) and the enthalpy comfort index (ECI). The mean was compared by Student's t-test (P < 0.05). The results showed that load wetting has a momentary effect (P < 0.05). The boxes located in the central rows in the LW showed a higher (P < 0.05) ECI compared to those in the LD. Inaddition, areas classified as lethal were formed in the LW. In conclusion, load wetting was not an efficient method to attenuate the ambience of load during the commercial transport of broilers, as it only has momentary and transient effects.

Scientific findings related to changes in vascular microcirculation using infrared thermography in the river buffalo

The objective of this review article is to discuss and analyze the most important scientific findings from studies of vascular microcirculation in the river buffalo using infrared thermography (IRT), as well as the thermal windows utilizedwith this species. The goals are to define the scope and areas of opportunity for IRT use in evaluating physiological processes and identifying potential applications in reproductive events associated with andrological traits inmales and the detection of estrus and udder health in females. IRT has allowed the development of diverse perspectives regarding the comparative physiology of events likethermogenesis, peripheral blood flow, respiratory physiology, and mechanisms that reduce body temperature. The case of the river buffalo is no exception. According to the information analyzed, the temperatures of the orbital area, muzzle, andvulva have proven efficient for evaluating thermal comfort, a particularly important aspect of this species given its limited thermoregulating capacity and constant exposure to extremetemperatures. Evaluating scrotal temperature has been revealed as an appropriate tool for evaluating semen quality, while the surface temperature of the udder is useful in assessing mammary development in female buffaloes, two aspects of great zootechnical importance. In future studies, IRT will play a fundamental role in enhancing our understanding of the river buffalo's mechanisms of vascular microcirculation, with applications in productivity and behavior.(AU)

Scientific findings related to changes in vascular microcirculation using infrared thermography in the river buffalo

The objective of this review article is to discuss and analyze the most important scientific findings from studies of vascular microcirculation in the river buffalo using infrared thermography (IRT), as well as the thermal windows utilizedwith this species. The goals are to define the scope and areas of opportunity for IRT use in evaluating physiological processes and identifying potential applications in reproductive events associated with andrological traits inmales and the detection of estrus and udder health in females. IRT has allowed the development of diverse perspectives regarding the comparative physiology of events likethermogenesis, peripheral blood flow, respiratory physiology, and mechanisms that reduce body temperature. The case of the river buffalo is no exception. According to the information analyzed, the temperatures of the orbital area, muzzle, andvulva have proven efficient for evaluating thermal comfort, a particularly important aspect of this species given its limited thermoregulating capacity and constant exposure to extremetemperatures. Evaluating scrotal temperature has been revealed as an appropriate tool for evaluating semen quality, while the surface temperature of the udder is useful in assessing mammary development in female buffaloes, two aspects of great zootechnical importance. In future studies, IRT will play a fundamental role in enhancing our understanding of the river buffalo's mechanisms of vascular microcirculation, with applications in productivity and behavior.

Beak trimming by infrared radiation of layers

This study aimed at evaluating beak-trimming methods and intensities on the performance, beak length and uniformity, and egg parameters of commercial layers. During the rearing period, birds were distributed in randomized blocks, with a 2x3 factorial design + two treatments, consisting of beak trimming with infrared (IR) radiation (moderate or severe); three IR intensities (low: 42 nm, intermediate: 46 nm, or high: 52 nm); and two control hot blade (HB) beak trimming treatments (moderate or severe) with eight treatments and five replicates of 21 chicks each, totaling 840 birds. During the growing phase (second experiment) the factorial design was modified to 2 x 3 x 2 + 4, comprising two IR beak-trimming intensities (moderate or severe); three IR radiation intensities (low, moderate and high), second beak trimming at 11 weeks of age or not, and four additional HB beak-trimming treatments (moderate or severe) beak-trimming intensities, and second beak trimming at 11 weeks of age or not. There were 16 treatments with six replicates of seven birds each, totaling 672 laying hens, out of which 576 were selected for evaluation during the production period, with the same number of treatments and replicates of the previous phase. Weight gain (g), body weight (g), body weight uniformity (%), beak length (mm) and uniformity (%), absence of cannibalism (%), livability (%), egg production (%), feed intake (g), feed conversion per eggmass, eggmass, specific gravity, eggshell strength, Haugh unit, % yolk were evaluated. Beak trimming by infra-red radiation may be employed in commercial laying hens.(AU)

Beak trimming by infrared radiation of layers

This study aimed at evaluating beak-trimming methods and intensities on the performance, beak length and uniformity, and egg parameters of commercial layers. During the rearing period, birds were distributed in randomized blocks, with a 2x3 factorial design + two treatments, consisting of beak trimming with infrared (IR) radiation (moderate or severe); three IR intensities (low: 42 nm, intermediate: 46 nm, or high: 52 nm); and two control hot blade (HB) beak trimming treatments (moderate or severe) with eight treatments and five replicates of 21 chicks each, totaling 840 birds. During the growing phase (second experiment) the factorial design was modified to 2 x 3 x 2 + 4, comprising two IR beak-trimming intensities (moderate or severe); three IR radiation intensities (low, moderate and high), second beak trimming at 11 weeks of age or not, and four additional HB beak-trimming treatments (moderate or severe) beak-trimming intensities, and second beak trimming at 11 weeks of age or not. There were 16 treatments with six replicates of seven birds each, totaling 672 laying hens, out of which 576 were selected for evaluation during the production period, with the same number of treatments and replicates of the previous phase. Weight gain (g), body weight (g), body weight uniformity (%), beak length (mm) and uniformity (%), absence of cannibalism (%), livability (%), egg production (%), feed intake (g), feed conversion per eggmass, eggmass, specific gravity, eggshell strength, Haugh unit, % yolk were evaluated. Beak trimming by infra-red radiation may be employed in commercial laying hens.

VIS-NIR spectral reflectance for discretization of soils with high sand content / Refletância espectral VIS-NIR para discretização de solos com alto teor de areia

The aim of this study is to evaluate the spatial distribution and relationships between the physicochemical attributes and radiometry of soils with high sand contents. One hundred surface horizon samples were collected for physicochemical and spectral analyses of the soil. The samples were selected spatially by the conditioned Latin hypercube method. The physicochemical analyses consisted of granulometry, organic carbon content, and iron oxides content, extracted using sodium dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate (DCB). The spectral response of the soils was analyzed in the 400 to 1000 nm range. The spectral curves were obtained from the samples of the surface horizons, which were categorized according to the attribute in question. The relationship between the soil physicochemical attributes and soil radiometry was evaluated through a Pearson's correlation. There was a tendency for the organic carbon content to decrease with an increase in soil depth, associated with the presence of soils with higher sand contents. For soils with iron contents lower than 80 g kg <->1, there was an increase in the reflectance along the spectrum, whereas for soils with contents between 80 and 160 g kg <->1, the reflectance decreased after 600 nm, with greater variation along the spectrum for soils with iron contents higher than 120 g kg <->1. The diffuse reflectance spectroscopy could potentially allow for granulometric distinction between the soils evaluated.(AU)

Este estudo objetivou avaliar a discretização espacial e relações entre atributos físico-químicos com a radiometria dos solos com altos teores de areia. Foram coletadas 100 (cem) amostras de horizontes superficiais para análises físico-químicas e espectrais do solo, selecionadas espacialmente pelo método do hipercúbico latino condicionado. As análises físico-químicas foram a granulometria, teores de carbono orgânico e de óxidos de ferro extraído por ditionito-citrato-bicarbonato de sódio (DCB). A resposta espectral dos solos foi analisada na faixa de 400 a 1000 nm. As curvas foram elaboradas a partir da média de reflectância espectral de cem amostras de horizontes superficiais categorizados de acordo com o atributo em questão. A relação entre os atributos físico-químicos do solo e a radiometria dos solos foi avaliada através da correlação de Pearson. Houve a tendência do decréscimo nos teores de carbono orgânico com a diminuição da altitude, associada a presença de solos com maiores teores de areia. Para os solos com teores de ferro inferiores 80 g kg <->1 houve um aumento da refletância ao longo do espectro, enquanto que solos com teores entre 80 a 160 g kg <->1 a refletância decresceu significativamente após os 600 nm, com maior variação nos solos com teores de ferro superiores a 120 g kg <->1. A espectroscopia de refletância difusa mostrou-se uma ferramenta com potencial de distinção granulométrica para os solos avaliados.(AU)

Avaliação termográfica em equinos: uma revisão / Thermographic evaluation in equine: literature review

A termografia é uma técnica de imagem não invasiva, capaz de medir diretamente a temperatura e detectar o calor emitido pela superfície alvo como radiações infravermelhas. A imagem termográfica é capaz de mensurar a temperatura da pele que reflete o grau de inflamação em tecidos lesionados, e essa habilidade torna o uso válido para auxiliar no diagnóstico e prevenção de doenças em equinos. A vascularização e o suprimento sanguíneo são as bases da representação termográfica. O equipamento é de fácil manuseio e os resultados são fornecidos rapidamente. O termograma normal e detalhado do membro distal foi descrito em equinos, e a técnica possibilita avaliar, em equinos atletas, as injúrias musculoesqueléticas oriundas da rotina de exercícios. Além disso, é uma ferramenta de imagem diagnóstica extremamente útil no diagnóstico precoce de lesões agudas e lesões subclínicas. A termografia é influenciada por fatores ambientais, como temperatura, umidade, radiação solar e movimento de ar convectivo. É necessário estar ciente desses fatores com a finalidade de evitar resultados falso-positivos ou falso-negativos.

Thermography is a non-invasive technique, capable of directly measuring temperature, detecting the heat emitted by the target surface as infrared radiation. The thermographic image can measure skin temperature that reflects the degree of inflammation in injured tissues, and this ability makes its valid use to aid in the diagnosis and prevention of certain conditions in horses. Vascularization and blood supply are the basis of thermographic representation. The procedure is non-invasive, the equipment is easy to handle and results are delivered quickly. The normal and detailed thermogram of the distal limb was described in horses and the technique allows to evaluate, in equine athletes, the musculoskeletal injuries originated from the routine of intense exercises. In addition, it is an extremely useful diagnostic imaging tool for the early diagnosis of acute and subclinical lesions. The thermography is influenced by environmental factors such as ambient temperature, humidity, solar radiation and convective air movement. It is necessary to be aware of these factors to avoid false-positive or negative results.

Avaliação termográfica em equinos: uma revisão / Thermographic evaluation in equine: literature review

A termografia é uma técnica de imagem não invasiva, capaz de medir diretamente a temperatura e detectar o calor emitido pela superfície alvo como radiações infravermelhas. A imagem termográfica é capaz de mensurar a temperatura da pele que reflete o grau de inflamação em tecidos lesionados, e essa habilidade torna o uso válido para auxiliar no diagnóstico e prevenção de doenças em equinos. A vascularização e o suprimento sanguíneo são as bases da representação termográfica. O equipamento é de fácil manuseio e os resultados são fornecidos rapidamente. O termograma normal e detalhado do membro distal foi descrito em equinos, e a técnica possibilita avaliar, em equinos atletas, as injúrias musculoesqueléticas oriundas da rotina de exercícios. Além disso, é uma ferramenta de imagem diagnóstica extremamente útil no diagnóstico precoce de lesões agudas e lesões subclínicas. A termografia é influenciada por fatores ambientais, como temperatura, umidade, radiação solar e movimento de ar convectivo. É necessário estar ciente desses fatores com a finalidade de evitar resultados falso-positivos ou falso-negativos.(AU)

Thermography is a non-invasive technique, capable of directly measuring temperature, detecting the heat emitted by the target surface as infrared radiation. The thermographic image can measure skin temperature that reflects the degree of inflammation in injured tissues, and this ability makes its valid use to aid in the diagnosis and prevention of certain conditions in horses. Vascularization and blood supply are the basis of thermographic representation. The procedure is non-invasive, the equipment is easy to handle and results are delivered quickly. The normal and detailed thermogram of the distal limb was described in horses and the technique allows to evaluate, in equine athletes, the musculoskeletal injuries originated from the routine of intense exercises. In addition, it is an extremely useful diagnostic imaging tool for the early diagnosis of acute and subclinical lesions. The thermography is influenced by environmental factors such as ambient temperature, humidity, solar radiation and convective air movement. It is necessary to be aware of these factors to avoid false-positive or negative results.(AU)

Infrared video thermometry guidance for surgical correction of chylothorax in dogs

Background: Macroscopic identification of the extravasation site of chyle in patients with chylothorax is a major challenge. Current forms of identification are invasive and/or expose patients to radiation, as in computerized tomography and radiography. A prototype device that uses infrared video thermometry images to detect temperature increments of 0.1ºC has been developed. This device can process and show real-time images or video on a monitor during surgeries. Therefore, the aim of this work was to report the first successful case in which this innovative device was tested in the transoperative period to identify the thoracic duct and its tributaries in a chylothorax surgery performed in a dog.Case: A 2-year-old male dog of the Shiba Inu breed was presented to the veterinary hospital with exercise intolerance, cough, emaciation, and no history of trauma. Clinical examination was performed along with complete blood count, biochemical analysis, and thoracic radiography. The patient exhibited dyspnea and had diminished breath sounds on chest auscultation. Radiographic images revealed moderate pleural effusion. The dog was anesthetized and submitted to thoracotomy, which enabled visualization of a chylous effusion. A sample of the effusion was collected for cytological and biochemical analyses. Subsequently, pericardiectomy was carried out, and identification of the thoracic duct and its tributaries was guided by an innovative device that generates infrared video thermometry images in real time. The extravasation site of the chyle was visualized on the images shown on a monitor. Consequently, after ligation of the tributary vessel, interruption of chyle overflow could be noticed on the monitor. Thoracotomy was routinely closed, and a drain was placed through an intercostal space after incision. Thirty days after the surgery, the dog exhibited no signs of recurrence.[...]

Infrared video thermometry guidance for surgical correction of chylothorax in dogs

Background: Macroscopic identification of the extravasation site of chyle in patients with chylothorax is a major challenge. Current forms of identification are invasive and/or expose patients to radiation, as in computerized tomography and radiography. A prototype device that uses infrared video thermometry images to detect temperature increments of 0.1ºC has been developed. This device can process and show real-time images or video on a monitor during surgeries. Therefore, the aim of this work was to report the first successful case in which this innovative device was tested in the transoperative period to identify the thoracic duct and its tributaries in a chylothorax surgery performed in a dog.Case: A 2-year-old male dog of the Shiba Inu breed was presented to the veterinary hospital with exercise intolerance, cough, emaciation, and no history of trauma. Clinical examination was performed along with complete blood count, biochemical analysis, and thoracic radiography. The patient exhibited dyspnea and had diminished breath sounds on chest auscultation. Radiographic images revealed moderate pleural effusion. The dog was anesthetized and submitted to thoracotomy, which enabled visualization of a chylous effusion. A sample of the effusion was collected for cytological and biochemical analyses. Subsequently, pericardiectomy was carried out, and identification of the thoracic duct and its tributaries was guided by an innovative device that generates infrared video thermometry images in real time. The extravasation site of the chyle was visualized on the images shown on a monitor. Consequently, after ligation of the tributary vessel, interruption of chyle overflow could be noticed on the monitor. Thoracotomy was routinely closed, and a drain was placed through an intercostal space after incision. Thirty days after the surgery, the dog exhibited no signs of recurrence.[...](AU)

Production indicators and levels of corticosterone in pullets treated with beak-trimming protocols

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of beak trimming by hot blade or infrared radiation on production indicators and plasma levels of corticosterone in pullets. During the rearing phase, an entirely random delineation was used a 2 x 3 factorial design (two different techniques for beak trimming x 3 strains), a total of six treatments with six repetitions of 20 hens. In the growing phase, the previous treatments were divided into 12, with eight repetitions with seven hens. These treatments were then distributed in a factorial design of 2 x 3 x 2 (two methodologies for beak trimming during rearing phase x three strains x with or without beak trimming at ten weeks of age). In the rearing phase the birds treated by infrared radiation had a lower total consumption and a longer beak length. In the growing phase, the execution of beak trimming at ten weeks of age, led to a lower total consumption and a lower body weight, but a better food conversion, when compared to those hens that did not have beak treatment. Beak trimming at ten weeks did not change the plasmatic levels of corticosterone.(AU)

Production indicators and levels of corticosterone in pullets treated with beak-trimming protocols

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of beak trimming by hot blade or infrared radiation on production indicators and plasma levels of corticosterone in pullets. During the rearing phase, an entirely random delineation was used a 2 x 3 factorial design (two different techniques for beak trimming x 3 strains), a total of six treatments with six repetitions of 20 hens. In the growing phase, the previous treatments were divided into 12, with eight repetitions with seven hens. These treatments were then distributed in a factorial design of 2 x 3 x 2 (two methodologies for beak trimming during rearing phase x three strains x with or without beak trimming at ten weeks of age). In the rearing phase the birds treated by infrared radiation had a lower total consumption and a longer beak length. In the growing phase, the execution of beak trimming at ten weeks of age, led to a lower total consumption and a lower body weight, but a better food conversion, when compared to those hens that did not have beak treatment. Beak trimming at ten weeks did not change the plasmatic levels of corticosterone.

Measuring dry extract in dairy products: optimizing the methodology / Determinação de extrato seco em produtos lácteos: otimização de metodologia

Dairy products are a common staple in the human diet. Moisture content is an important factor in the composition of foods, and it is a parameter used to measure product quality due to its direct influence on food storage. In this study, the moisture contents of three different products (mozzarella cheese, a creamy cheese spread, and yogurt drinks) were measured using oven drying, infrared drying, and microwave drying in order to compare the results of these three methods. Three brands of each product were used, all of which were purchased at the local supermarket in the city of Goiatuba, Goiás, Brazil. The different methods used to measure the dry extract of most of the brands analyzed did not differ significantly between each other based on a significance level of 5% on Tukeys test. There was a significant difference between the methodologies used in the case of only one brand of each analyzed product. Microwave drying method wasreported to be a safe and reliable technique for analyzing dry extract from dairy products; it produces precise results, thus guaranteeing the quality of the analysis, and it reduces procedure time, thus optimizing the routine analytical processes performed in quality control laboratories within food processing plants.(AU)

Os produtos lácteos fazem parte da alimentação humana e o teor de umidade é uma informação importante da composição de alimentos e está entre os parâmetros da qualidade dos produtos, pois apresenta influência direta no armazenamento dos mesmos. Foram realizadas análises de umidade pela metodologia de secagem em estufa, infravermelho e micro-ondas em três produtos diferentes, sendo estes a mussarela, o queijo cremoso e a bebida láctea, com a utilização de três marcas distintas para cada produto, todas adquiridas no comércio local da cidade de Goiatuba, Goiás. Os diferentes métodos de determinação de extrato seco utilizados não diferiram significativamente entre si a um nível de significância de 5% pelo teste de Tukey, para a maioria das marcas comerciais analisadas. Houve diferença significativa, entre as metodologias utilizadas apenas para uma marca, para cada produto analisado. A metodologia de secagem em micro-ondas é um método seguro e confiável em análises de extrato seco em derivados lácteos, com resultados precisos garantindo a qualidade nos processos analíticos, como também a redução do tempo de análise garantindo a otimização desse processo nas análises de rotina em laboratórios de controle de qualidade das indústrias alimentícias.(AU)

Method for auxiliary use of thermography in diagnosing inflammation in the coxofemoral joint in dogs / Método para uso da termografia no diagnóstico auxiliar da inflamação na articulação coxofemoral em cães

Joint diseases are relatively common in domestic animals, such as dogs. The involved inflammation produces thermal emission, which can be imaged using specific sensors that allow capturing of infrared images. Given that there have been few reports on the use of thermography in the diagnosis of inflammation associated with diseases of the hip joint in dogs, we here propose a method for identification of inflammatory foci in dogs by using infrared thermometry. The present study aimed to find non-invasive and low-cost resources that could facilitate a clinical diagnosis in cases with inflammation in the coxofemoral joint of dogs. To this end, we developed a system in which the Flir Systems TG165 thermograph is coupled to a black PVC cannula with a 30-cm focus-to-animal distance. External effects of the environment on the temperature of the animals were compared with the body temperature as measured by a conventional thermometer. Thirty-one dogs with and without inflammation in the coxofemoral joint underwent clinical evaluation. We verified that the temperature registered by the thermograph in the animals with joint inflammation was significantly different from that in control animals without inflammation, in the lateral projection. The method showed a sensitivity of 80%, specificity of 87.5%, and accuracy of 83.87%. This standardized method of diagnosis of inflammatory foci in the coxofemoral articulation of dogs by way of thermography showed sensitivity, specificity, and satisfactory accuracy.(AU)

Tentando buscar recursos não invasivos e de baixo custo, para auxiliar o diagnóstico clínico em casos de inflamação na articulação coxofemoral de cães, idealizou-se o presente trabalho, que teve como objetivo propor um método de diagnóstico, em casos de inflamação na articulação coxofemoral de cães, desenvolvido a partir do registro do aumento da temperatura no local da inflamação, mediante o emprego de um termógrafo do tipo TG165 da Flir Systems acoplado a uma cânula de PVC, negra, com 30 cm de distância foco-animal para diminuir os efeitos externos que o ambiente exerce sobre a temperatura dos animais, e comparando-a com a temperatura corpórea, aferida por um termômetro convencional. Foram submetidos à avaliação clínica, 31 cães com e sem inflamação na articulação coxofemoral, onde verificou-se que a temperatura, registrada pelo termógrafo, dos animais pertencente ao grupo com inflamação na articulação apresentou diferença significativa na projeção lateral, em relação a temperatura dos animais do grupo sem doença articular, também aferida através do aparelho termográfico. O método apresentou sensibilidade de 80%, especificidade de 87,5% e precisão de 83,87%. Conclui-se que a padronização do método de diagnóstico de focos inflamatórios na articulação coxofemoral de cães pela termografia apresentou sensibilidade, especificidade e precisão satisfatória.(AU)

A utilização da termografia infravermelha na avaliação de equinos: uma revisão sistemática / The use of infrared thermography in equine assessment: systematic review

A termografia infravermelha é um método diagnóstico não invasivo, indolor e que não necessita de contraste. Ela analisa a distribuição da temperatura cutânea através de sensores térmicos posicionados próximo ao examinado. Seus resultados são expressos por meio de uma representação pictórica da distribuição da temperatura superficial de uma determinada região do corpo. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar, por meio da literatura, o uso da termografia na avaliação de equinos. Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, realizada no período de dezembro de 2017 a fevereiro de 2018 em diferentes bases de dados. Foram achados 10796 artigos e após aplicação dos critérios metodológicos restaram 5 para serem integralmente avaliados. Verificou-se na pesquisa que a utilização da tecnologia da termografia através de radiação infravermelha é um recurso eficaz em diversos aspectos dentro de uma avaliação em equinos, tais como identificação de lesões, medos ou dores presentes em equinos.

Infrared thermography is a non-invasive, painless, non-contrast and diagnostic method that analyzes the cutaneous temperature distribution by means of thermal sensors positioned close to the examined, expressing by means of a pictorial representation the surface temperature distribution of a body. The objective of this study is to analyze, through the literature, the use of thermography in equine evaluation. This is a systematic review of the literature, carried out from December 2017 to February 2018 in diferents databases. 10796 articles were found and after application of the methodological criteria 5 were left to be integrally evaluated. It was verified in the research that the use of thermography technology through infrared radiation is an effective resource in several aspects within an evaluation in horses, such as identification of lesions, fear or pain present in horses.

A utilização da termografia infravermelha na avaliação de equinos: uma revisão sistemática / The use of infrared thermography in equine assessment: systematic review

A termografia infravermelha é um método diagnóstico não invasivo, indolor e que não necessita de contraste. Ela analisa a distribuição da temperatura cutânea através de sensores térmicos posicionados próximo ao examinado. Seus resultados são expressos por meio de uma representação pictórica da distribuição da temperatura superficial de uma determinada região do corpo. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar, por meio da literatura, o uso da termografia na avaliação de equinos. Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, realizada no período de dezembro de 2017 a fevereiro de 2018 em diferentes bases de dados. Foram achados 10796 artigos e após aplicação dos critérios metodológicos restaram 5 para serem integralmente avaliados. Verificou-se na pesquisa que a utilização da tecnologia da termografia através de radiação infravermelha é um recurso eficaz em diversos aspectos dentro de uma avaliação em equinos, tais como identificação de lesões, medos ou dores presentes em equinos.(AU)

Infrared thermography is a non-invasive, painless, non-contrast and diagnostic method that analyzes the cutaneous temperature distribution by means of thermal sensors positioned close to the examined, expressing by means of a pictorial representation the surface temperature distribution of a body. The objective of this study is to analyze, through the literature, the use of thermography in equine evaluation. This is a systematic review of the literature, carried out from December 2017 to February 2018 in diferents databases. 10796 articles were found and after application of the methodological criteria 5 were left to be integrally evaluated. It was verified in the research that the use of thermography technology through infrared radiation is an effective resource in several aspects within an evaluation in horses, such as identification of lesions, fear or pain present in horses.(AU)

Thermographic images to measure health risks of workers exposed to artificially refrigerated environments

Thermography generates high-resolution imagery in real time and is a non-invasive and painless technique devoid of physical contact or exposure to any type of radiation. This technique has been successfully applied to different areas, such as health- and safety-related applications, to control cold risk in workers exposed to low-temperature environments. Thus, this study aims to analyze skin temperature variations in three body parts of the upper limbs (fingers, the center of the hands and wrists on both the left and right sides of the body) caused by exposure to low temperatures in air-conditioned and artificially controlled work environments. The objective is to assess thermographys adequacy in controlling workers health risks. This study used environmental monitoring equipment and infrared radiation detection cameras to capture images of the body parts that were evaluated. The research was conducted on 20 workers from two sectors of a poultry slaughterhouse. Among the three body parts evaluated, the lowest temperatures occurred in the workers fingertips, which averaged 16.86ºC. This fact may relate to discomfort, pain, decreased performance, functional imbalance and cold-related diseases caused by faulty conditions and/or the equipment used to ensure the workers thermal comfort. It was concluded that the thermographic evaluation of activities that involve exposure to the cold is efficient, as well as feasible, when quantifying the potential threats of environmental cold to workers health.(AU)