Rotulagem de alimentos alergênicos: análise das informações / Labeling of allergic foods: analysis of information

A correria do dia-a-dia tem exigido cada vez mais agilidade e praticidade, o que tem resultado no aumento do consumo de alimentos industrializados e redução dos alimentos in natura. Além dos diversos problemas de saúde resultantes do excesso do consumo dos alimentos ultraprocessados, existe uma outra preocupação que envolve esse tipo de alimento, que é saber o que realmente está sendo oferecido naquele produto, visto que, na sua maioria, são originados a partir de vários outros ingredientes, e muitos deles podem conter os alergênicos, os quais, por sua vez resultam em quadro de alergia alimentar, graves ou não, mas já interferem na saúde do indivíduo. A preocupação com os consumidores alérgicos que fazem uso de alimentos industrializados, estimulou a criação de uma resolução, que é aplicada a alimentos, exclusivamente para o processo industrial, incluindo bebidas, ingredientes, aditivos e coadjuvantes que causam alergias. O presente trabalho refere-se a um estudo transversal com o objetivo de analisar e avaliar, por meio de uma lista de checagem, os rótulos de alimentos industrializados que continham, na sua lista de ingredientes, um ou mais alergênicos e apurar se os mesmos estão obedecendo às legislações vigentes. Foram selecionados 301 rótulos em variados mercados nas cidades de Lauro de Freitas e Salvador- BA. Constatou-se que não havia conformidade em 27% da rotulagem presente nesse estudo, nas quais as informações são apresentadas de forma deficiente, mesmo após sete anos da criação das normas para esse tipo de produto, o que reforça a necessidade de uma maior fiscalização dos órgãos responsáveis.(AU)

The day-to-day rush has demanded more and more agility and practicality, which has resulted in an increase in the consumption of processed foods and a reduction in in natura foods. In addition to the various health problems resulting from the excessive consumption of ultra-processed foods, there is another concern that involves this type of food, which is to know what is actually being offered in that product, since, for the most part, they originate from several other ingredients, and in many of them they can contain allergens that in turn result in food allergy, serious or not, but already interfere with the safety of the individual's health. The concern with allergic consumers who use processed foods has stimulated the creation of a resolution, which is applied to foods exclusively for the industrial process, including beverages, ingredients, additives and adjuvants that cause food allergies. The present work refers to a cross-sectional study with the objective of analyzing and evaluating, through a checklist, the labels of industrialized foods that contained one or more allergens in their list of ingredients and to determine if they are complying with the current legislation. 301 labels were selected in various markets in the cities of Lauro de Freitas and Salvador. It was found that there was no compliance in 27% of the labeling present in this study, in which the information is presented in a deficient way, even after six years of the creation of the norms for this type of product, which reinforces the need for greater inspection of Organs responsible agency.(AU)

Redescription and expansion of the geographic distribution of Phenacorhamdia nigrolineata (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae)

Phenacorhamdia nigrolineata is redescribed, and the expansion of its geographic distribution is presented based on abundant new records. Morphological analysis, meristic comparison and osteological description were performed. No one autapomorphy was identified for P. nigrolineata, but the species is identified by an exclusive combination of characters of coloration of the body, morphometric and meristic data (snout length, maxillary and outer mental barbels length; number of vertebrae). A discussion of its geographic distribution, coloration pattern of the body, the putative relationships among some species of the genus, and its conservation status are presented.(AU)

Phenacorhamdia nigrolineata é redescrita e a expansão de sua distribuição geográfica é apresentada com base em abundantes novos registros. Foram realizadas análises morfológicas, comparação merística e descrição osteológica. Nenhuma autapomorfia foi identificada para P. nigrolineata, mas a espécie é identificada por uma combinação exclusiva de caracteres de colorido do corpo, dados morfométricos e merísticos (comprimento do focinho, comprimento dos barbilhões maxilares e mentais externos; número de vértebras). Uma discussão dessa distribuição geográfica, padrão de coloração do corpo, as supostas relações entre algumas espécies do gênero e seu estado de conservação são apresentados.(AU)

Two records of xanthism in Corallus hortulana (Serpentes: Boidae) in Bolivia with comments on the yellow, patternless morphotype / Dos registros de xantismo en Corallus hortulana (Serpentes: Boidae) en Bolivia con comentarios sobre el morfotipo amarillo sin patrón

Snakes display a wide range of skin colors and patterns, acting in ecological, behavioral, and physiological roles. Xanthism has been reported in numerous snake species, including many neotropical taxa. Corallus hortulana is a polychromatic species widely distributed throughout South America. Yellow, patternless individuals, while rare, have been recognized as within the species' polychromatic range. We report the first yellow, patternless specimens of Corallus hortulana collected in Bolivia and discuss whether these individuals fit the criteria of xanthism.(AU)

Las serpientes muestran una amplia gama de colores y patrones de piel, actuando en roles ecológicos, de comportamiento y fisiológicos. Además, se ha informado xantismo en numerosas especies de serpientes, incluidos muchos taxones neotropicales. Corallus hortulana es una especie policromática ampliamente distribuida en América del Sur. Los individuos amarillos sin patrón, aunque raros, se han reconocido dentro del rango policromático de la especie. Reportamos los primeros especímenes amarillos sin patrón de Corallus hortulana recolectados en Bolivia y discutimos si estos individuos cumplen con los criterios de xantismo.(AU)

Colorações de malhas de sombreamento sobre a fenologia, biometria e características físico-químicas de Physalis peruviana L. em sistema orgânico de produção / Colors of shadowing meshes on phenology, biometrics and physicochemical characteristics of Physalis peruviana L. in organic production system

Objetivou-se neste trabalho verificar a influência de distintas colorações de malhas de sombreamento sobre a fenologia, biometria e características físico-químicas de Physalis peruviana L em sistema orgânico de produção. O experimento foi realizado na área experimentalda UFFS, campus Laranjeiras do Sul ­PR, no setor de Horticultura. Como material vegetal foram utilizadas mudas de P. peruviana L. produzidas em estufa agrícola da área didática experimental. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos completamente casualizados, em esquema unifatorial, com quatro malhas de sombreamento (azul, preta, vermelha e branca) + testemunha (sem cobertura), com quatro repetições. Para a fenologia não houve influência estatística das colorações de malhas de sombreamento. Plantas com maior altura e menordiâmetro de caule foram verificadas com o uso da malha de sombreamento da coloração azul. Houve alterações sobre a firmeza de frutos, massa com cálice, diâmetro, altura e sólidos solúveis em função da cor da malha de sombreamento. Conclui-se que as malhasde sombreamento de diferentes colorações não interferem na fenologia de P. peruviana, mas alteram ascaracterísticas biométricas e físico-químicas das frutas, sendo a de coloração vermelha a que proporcionou os melhores resultados, não sendo recomendada autilização da malha de coloração azul.(AU)

The objective of this work was to verify the influence of different colors of shading meshes onthe phenology, biometry and physicochemical characteristics of Physalis peruvianain an organic production system. The experiment was carried out in the experimental area of UFFS, campus Laranjeiras do Sul -PR, in the Horticulture sector. As plant material, seedlings of Physalis peruvianaL. produced in an agricultural greenhouse in the experimental teaching area were used. The experimental design was in completely randomized blocks, in a one-factor scheme, with four shading meshes (blue, black, red andwhite) + control (no cover), with four replications. For the phenology there was no statistical influence of the shading mesh colors. Plants with greater height and smaller diameter were verified using the blue color shading mesh. There were changes in fruit firmness, mass with calyx, diameter, height and soluble solids depending on the type of shading. It is concluded in this work that shading nets of different colors do not affect the phenology of the P. peruviana, but they change the biometric and physicochemical characteristics of fruits, with red color being the ones that provide the best results, the use of the blue colored mesh is not recommended.(AU)

Evaluation of cell proliferation and apoptosis markers as predictive factors for electrochemotherapy in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of cats / Marcadores de proliferação celular e de apoptose como fatores preditivos à eletroquimioterapia em carcinoma de células escamosas cutâneo de gatos

ABSTRACT: Determining cell proliferation rates and tumor apoptosis through immunohistochemistry allows the evaluation of the biological behavior of the tumor, optimizing the patient's clinical course. This study aimed to analyze the immunohistochemical expression of Ki-67, COX-2 and caspase-3 and correlate them with the type of response to ECT in feline cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), thus determining the predictive potential of these variables. For this, 13 samples of feline cutaneous SCC were evaluated before ECT, and statistical analyses of the correlation intensity between the variables were performed using the Spearman correlation coefficient, with a significance level of 95%. The results indicate a significant negative correlation between histopathological grade and response to ECT (ρ=-0.6; p=0.03); there was no significant correlation between Ki-67, COX-2 and caspase-3 immunoexpression with the response to ECT (ρ=-0.18; p=0.54/ρ=-0.23; p=0.44/ρ=-0.12; p=0.69, respectively). Therefore, the study shows that the histopathological grade, tumor size and staging, degree of cellular pleomorphism and degree of inflammatory infiltrate can be considered negative prognostic factors for cutaneous SCC and negative predictors for response to ECT. However, the markers Ki-67, COX-2 and caspase-3 are not considered predictive factors for the type of response to ECT. In addition, no relationship between these immunoexpressions and greater tumor aggressiveness was observed. The SCCs evaluated in this study showed significant COX-2 labeling, indicating a potential therapeutic target. ECT has been shown to be safe and effective for local control of feline cutaneous SCC but with reduced effectiveness in larger and invasive lesions.

RESUMO: A determinação das taxas de proliferação celular e apoptose tumoral por meio da imuno-histoquímica, permite avaliar o comportamento biológico tumoral, com otimização da evolução clínica do paciente. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar as expressões imuno-histoquímicas de Ki-67, COX-2 e caspase-3 e correlacioná-las com o tipo de resposta à EQT em carcinoma de células escamosas (CEC) cutâneo de felinos; assim, determinar o potencial preditivo destas variáveis. Para tanto, foram avaliadas 13 amostras de CEC cutâneo de felinos antes da EQT e as análises estatísticas quanto à intensidade de correlação entre as variáveis foram realizadas utilizando o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman, com nível de significância de 95%. Os resultados indicam que houve correlação negativa significativa entre o grau histopatológico e a resposta à EQT (ρ=-0,6; p=0,03); não houve correlação significativa entre as imunoexpressões de Ki-67, COX-2 e caspase-3 com a resposta à EQT (ρ=-0,18; p=0,54/ρ=-0,23; p=0,44/ρ=-0,12; p=0,69, respectivamente). Portanto, este estudo evidenciou que as variáveis grau histopatológico, tamanho e estadiamento tumorais, grau de pleomorfismo celular e grau do infiltrado inflamatório foram consideradas fatores prognósticos negativos para o CEC cutâneo e preditivos negativos para a resposta à EQT. Entretanto, os marcadores Ki-67, COX-2 e caspase-3 não foram considerados fatores preditivos para o tipo de resposta à EQT, assim como não foi observada relação entre essas imunoexpressões com maior agressividade tumoral. Os CECs avaliados neste estudo apresentaram importante marcação para COX-2, indicando um potencial alvo terapêutico. A EQT mostrou-se segura e efetiva para o controle local dos CECs cutâneos dos felinos, porém com efetividade reduzida em lesões maiores e invasivas.

Carcinoma hepatocelular metastático em Amazona aestiva / Metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma in Amazona aestiva

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma is a primary malignant tumor of the liver tissue and its occurrence in birds is considered rare. The tumor can occur as a single mass leading to hepatomegaly, or as multiple nodules in the liver. In animals of the genus Amazona, only 1 case of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma has been reported in the United States, therefore, little is known about its epidemiology and clinicopathological aspects in these species. In this context, the aim of this work was to describe a case of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma in an Amazona aestiva. Case: A blue-fronted amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva) was referred to necropsy after being found dead in its enclosure. On examination, it presented cachectic body score. Examination of the coelomic cavity, revealed a serous translucent fluid and adhesions between the liver and peritoneum.A red mass restricted to the right hepatic lobe and raised to the capsular surface, interspersed with whitish and dark red multifocal areas was observed. When cut, this mass was soft, protruding, multilobulated, whitish and with a friable reddish center. Additionally, on the dorsal surface of the left lung lobe, there was a rounded, well defined, whitish, and soft nodule. Microscopically, partial replacement of the hepatic parenchyma was observed by neoplastic proliferation of cuboidal epithelial cells, organized in mantle and supported by a scarce fibrovascular stroma. Cells have large, eosinophilic, well-delimited cytoplasm, with a central, oval nucleus, loose chromatin, and evident nucleolus. Moderate pleomorphism was characterized by anisocytosis, anisokaryosis, and aberrant nuclei. In the lung, a focally extensive mass with a pattern similar to that seen in the liver was observed. In the kidney, multifocal neoplastic emboli were noted. Liver immunohistochemistry was performed. Positive and negative controls were used to validate the reaction; however, there was no immunolabelling for the evaluated antibodies. Discussion: The histopathological characteristics observed in this study favored the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with metastasis to kidney and lung. Primary liver tumors are rare in wild birds. In ducks, experimental studies have pointed aflatoxins and the duck hepatitis B virus as oncogenic agents, however, in birds of the genus Amazona, there are no studies that evaluate predisposing factors to the development of liver carcinoma. Macroscopically, hepatocellular carcinoma may present in massive, nodular or diffuse forms. In birds, the right lobe is the largest, which may suggest that this lobe is more prone to the development of HCC, as seen in the present case. The solid form, similar to that observed in this report, seems to be more commonly observed, as seen in the wild bird reports consulted. Metastases most often spread hematogenous, and in the present report there was metastasis to kidneys and lungs, which is a common feature for this neoplasm. In the present case, there was no labeling by any of the antibodies, perhaps because of their aggressiveness, associated with autolytic factors that prevent the labeling of antibodies, in addition to the specificity in the antibodyantigen relationship. This tumor must be differentiated from other liver tumors such as cholangiocarcinoma, and also the well-differentiated hepatocellular adenoma, in addition to non-neoplastic conditions. HCC should be considered as a differential diagnosis for Amazona aestiva found dead in the enclosure without previous clinical signs. This neoplasm is rare in Amazon parrots and reports should be encouraged in order to contribute to the understanding of the epidemiological and clinicopathological aspects of the tumor.

Liver and spleen of hosts of Rhipicephalus linnaei exposed to synthetic (afoxolaner) and natural acaricides (esters from castor oil). A comparative clinical-morphological study / Fígado e baço de hospedeiros de Rhipicephalus linnaei expostos aos acaricidas sintético (afoxolaner) e natural (ésteres do óleo de mamona). Estudo clínico-morfológico comparativo

In dogs, Rhipicephalus linnaei transmits pathogens such as Ehrlichia canis, Babesia vogeli, and Hepatozoon canis. The veterinary market has synthetic acaricides to ticks control. Esters derived from castor oil are efficient. However, there is little information about their effects on non-target organisms. This work consisted of a clinical (AST, ALT, and ALP) and histological and histochemical analysis (liver and spleen) of female rabbits exposed to these esters and afoxolaner. The rabbits were divided into three groups: control group (CG) received Bandeirante® rabbit feed; the afoxolaner treatment (TG1) received rabbit feed and two doses of afoxolaner; castor oil esters treatment (TG2) received rabbit feed enriched with esters (1.75 g esters/kg). No alterations were observed in the AST, ALT, and ALP enzymes in exposure to esters TG2. Rabbits from TG1 showed changes in AST. The liver of rabbits exposed to afoxolaner underwent histological and histochemical changes, such as steatosis and vacuolation, as well as poor protein labeling. Polysaccharides were intensely observed in the group exposed to esters. The spleen showed no changes in any of the exposure. Esters from castor oil caused fewer liver changes when incorporated into the feed and fed to rabbits than exposure to afoxolaner.(AU)

Carrapatos Rhipicephalus linnaei transmitem patógenos como Ehrlichia canis, Babesia vogeli e Hepatozoon canis, para os cães. O mercado veterinário dispõe de acaricidas sintéticos para o controle desses ectoparasitas. Ésteres derivados do óleo de mamona são eficientes, mas há pouca informação sobre seus efeitos em organismos não-alvos. Esse trabalho objetivou analisar clínica (AST, ALT e ALP), histológica e histoquímicamente (fígado e baço) coelhas expostas aos ésteres e ao afoxolaner, tendo sido as mesmas alocadas nos grupos: Controle (GC) que recebeu ração Bandeirante®; Tratamento 1 (TG1), além da ração foram expostas ao afoxolaner, Tratamento 2 (TG2) receberam ração enriquecida com os ésteres (1,75 g ésteres/kg). Não houve alterações nas enzimas AST, ALT e ALP na exposição aos ésteres (TG2). No TG1 houve alterações na AST. O fígado das coelhas do TG1 apresentou alterações histológicas e histoquímicas, tais como esteatose e vacuolização, bem como fraca marcação de proteínas. Polissacarídeos foi intensamente marcados no fígado do TG2. O baço não apresentou alterações em nenhum dos grupos. Os ésteres do óleo de mamona causaram menos alterações hepáticas nas coelhas do que quando elas foram expostas ao afoxolaner.(AU)

Circular RNA protein tyrosine kinase 2 aggravates pyroptosis and inflammation in septic lung tissue by promoting microRNA-766/eukaryotic initiation factor 5A axis-mediated ATP efflux

Purpose: Sepsis is characterized by an acute inflammatory response to infection, often with multiple organ failures, especially severe lung injury. This study was implemented to probe circular RNA (circRNA) protein tyrosine kinase 2 (circPTK2)-associated regulatory mechanisms in septic acute lung injury (ALI). Methods: A cecal ligation and puncture-based mouse model and an lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-based alveolar type II cell (RLE-6TN) model were generated to mimic sepsis. In the two models, inflammation- and pyroptosisrelated genes were measured. Results: The degree of lung injury in mice was analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and the apoptosis was by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling staining. In addition, pyroptosis and toxicity were detected in cells. Finally, the binding relationship between circPTK2, miR-766, and eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) was detected. Data indicated that circPTK2 and eIF5A were up-regulated and miR-766 was down-regulated in LPS-treated RLE-6TN cells and lung tissue of septic mice. Lung injury in septic mice was ameliorated after inhibition of circPTK2. Conclusion: It was confirmed in the cell model that knockdown of circPTK2 effectively ameliorated LPS-induced ATP efflux, pyroptosis, and inflammation. Mechanistically, circPTK2 mediated eIF5A expression by competitively adsorbing miR-766. Taken together, circPTK2/ miR-766/eIF5A axis ameliorates septic ALI, developing a novel therapeutic target for the disease.

Astragaloside IV alleviates stroke-triggered early brain injury by modulating neuroinflammation and ferroptosis via the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway

Purpose: Stroke is an acute cerebrovascular disease. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is an active ingredient extracted from Astragalus membranaceus with an established therapeutic effect on central nervous system diseases. This study examined the neuroprotective properties and possible mechanisms of AS-IV in stroke-triggered early brain injury (EBI) in a rat transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. Methods: The neurological scores and brain water content were analyzed. 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was utilized to determine the infarct volume, neuroinflammatory cytokine levels, and ferroptosis-related genes and proteins, and neuronal damage and molecular mechanisms were evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dutp nickend labeling (TUNEL) staining, western blotting, and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: AS-IV administration decreased the infarct volume, brain edema, neurological deficits, and inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), IL-6, and NF-κB, increased the levels of SLC7A11 and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), decreased lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and prevented neuronal ferroptosis. Meanwhile, AS-IV triggered the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and alleviated ferroptosis due to the induction of stroke. Conclusion: Hence, the findings of this research illustrate that AS-IV administration can improve delayed ischemic neurological deficits and decrease neuronal death by modulating nuroinflammation and ferroptosis via the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

First record of leucism in the polychromatic Amazon tree boa, Corallus hortulana (Serpentes, Boidae) of South America / Primeiro registro de leucismo em suaçuboia, Corallus hortulana (Serpentes, Boidae) uma espécie policromática da América do Sul

Snakes have a wide variety of color patterns that can be related to specific ecological and physiological functions. However, genetic mutations can lead to the appearance of anomalous color patterns, which can directly interfere with the fitness of individuals. Leucism is a chromatic anomaly characterized by the almost total absence of epidermal and dermal chromatophores that produce the color. Corallus hortulana is an arboreal snake with nocturnal habits, widely distributed throughout South America, with a wide range of color patterns, known as polychromatism. Here we report the first case of leucism in Corallus hortulana and discuss the potential ecological implications of this anomaly in this species.(AU)

As cobras possuem uma grande variedade de padrões de coloração que podem estar relacionadas a funções ecológicas e fisiológicas específicas. No entanto, mutações genéticas podem levar ao aparecimento de padrões de coloração anômalos que podem interferir diretamente na fitness do indivíduo. O leucismo é uma anomalia cromática caracterizada pela ausência quase total de cromatóforos epidérmicos e dérmicos que produzem a cor. Corallus hortulana é uma serpente arborícola de hábitos noturnos, amplamente distribuída pela América do Sul, com grande variação de padrões de cor, conhecida como policromatismo. Aqui nós relatamos o primeiro caso de leucismo em Corallus hortulana e discutimos as potenciais implicações ecológicas desta anomalia para a espécie.(AU)

Informação nutricional de doces de abóbora moranga ao leite / Nutritional information on pumpkin jam with milk

A abóbora moranga é um alimento rico em vitaminas e minerais. É uma fonte de fibras alimentares e pode fazer parte de receitas doces e salgadas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar a informação nutricional de cinco formulações de doces preparados com 40% de abóbora moranga e 20% de açúcar. Entre as formulações, variaram os teores de leite e água potável, do seguinte modo: 40% de leite no doce A; 30% de leite e 10% de água potável no doce B; 20% de leite e 20% de água potável no doce C; 10% de leite e 30% de água potável no doce D; e 40% de água potável no doce E. A partir dos pesos dos ingredientes e dos doces prontos foram efetuados os cálculos necessários para a elaboração das tabelas de informação nutricional dos doces. Os resultados foram analisados através de ANOVA e teste de Tukey. Houve diferença entre as médias dos valores calóricos da porção dos doces A e D; A e E; B e E; C e E. Não houve diferença entre as médias dos valores calóricos dos doces A, B e C; B, C e D; D e E. Houve diferença entre as médias das quantidades de carboidratos, proteínas e gorduras totais da porção de todos os doces avaliados. O doce E, sem leite, apresentou a porção mais calórica, e o doce A, com maior teor de leite, foi o menos calórico e o de maior teor proteico.(AU)

The pumpkin is a food rich in vitamins and minerals. It is a source of dietary fiber and can be part of sweet and savory recipes. The objective of this project was to compare the nutritional information of five formulations of sweets prepared with 40% pumpkin and 20% sugar. Among the formulations, the contents of milk and drinking water varied, as follows: 40% milk in sweet A; 30% milk and 10% drinking water in sweet B; 20% milk and 20% drinking water in sweet C; 10% milk and 30% drinking water in sweet D; and 40% of drinking water in sweet E. Based on the weights of ingredients and ready-made sweets, the necessary calculations were made for the preparation of nutritional information tables for sweets. The results were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's test. There was a difference between the average caloric values ​​of the portion of sweets A and D; A and E; B and E; C and E. There was no difference between the average caloric values ​​of sweets A, B and C; B, C and D; D and E. There was a difference between the average amounts of carbohydrates, proteins and total fat in the portion of all sweets evaluated. Sweet E, without milk, presented the most caloric portion, and sweet A, with the highest milk content, was the least caloric and the one with the highest protein content.(AU)

Análise de informações nutricionais em rações para gatos / Analysis of nutritional information in cats feeding / Análisis de información nutricional en la alimentación de gatos

A alimentação dos animais domésticos se torna cada dia mais exigente e balanceada, visando a melhora na qualidade de vida destes animais. Atualmente, existe uma grande variedade de rações para atender esta demanda e facilitar a oferta de alimentos aos animais pelos tutores. Neste trabalho foram avaliadas as informações nutricionais nos rótulos de rações para felinos domésticos comercializadas na cidade de Bom Jesus- PI e estabelecida a relação preço por quilograma, teor de nutrientes em cada categoria das rações para cada grupo de animais, com o objetivo informativo nutricional e estabelecer uma relação custo-benefício entre as mesmas. Os resultados revelaram que há diferenças entre as rações, seja da mesma classificação, entre elas e/ou grupos diferentes, tanto em questão de preço, como em quantidade e qualidade de nutrientes. Observou-se a mesma ração com preços diferentes, assim como rações da mesma categoria destinada ao mesmo grupo de animais, mas que possuem teores de nutrientes muito distintos. Este estudo ainda levou em conta as rações especiais destinadas a animais com problemas urinários, renais e obesos, demostrando a importância da diferença de nutrientes nas rações para esses animais. Pôde se observar com este trabalho que a escolha da ração baseada na qualidade e quantidade dos nutrientes é imprescindível para fortalecer e nutrir o animal, além de prevenir ou amenizar problemas de saúde, e que o custo com rações não difere muito mediante as categorias apresentadas.

Feeding domestic animals becomes more demanding and balanced every day, aiming to improve the quality of life these animals. Currently, there is a wide variety of feeds to meet this demand and facilitate the supply of food to animals by tutors. In this work, the nutritional information on the food labels for domestic cats sold in the city of Bom Jesus-PI was evaluated and the price per kilogram, nutrient content in each category of feed for each group of animals was established, with the purpose of nutritional information and establish a cost-benefit relationship between them. The results show that there is a lot of difference between the rations, whether of the same classification, between them and/or different groups, both in terms of price, and in terms of quantity and quality of nutrients. The same feed with different prices was observed, as well as feed from the same category destined to the same group of animals, but with very different nutrient content. This study also takes into account the special rations for animals with urinary, kidney and obese problems, demonstrating the importance of the difference in nutrients in the rations for those animals. What could be observed with this work is that the choice of feed based on the quality and quantity of nutrients is essential to strengthen and nourish the animal, in addition to preventing or alleviating health problems, and that the cost of feed does not differ much according to the categories presented.

La alimentación de los animales domésticos se vuelve cada día más exigente y equilibrada, con el objetivo de mejorar la calidad de vida de estos animales. Actualmente, existe una amplia variedad de raciones para cubrir esta demanda y facilitar el suministro de alimento a los animales por parte de los tutores. En este trabajo se evaluó la información nutricional en las etiquetas de los alimentos para gatos domésticos vendidos en la ciudad de Bom Jesus-PI y se estableció el precio por kilogramo, contenido de nutrientes en cada categoría de alimento para cada grupo de animales, con el propósito de información nutricional y establecer una relación costo-beneficio entre ellos. Los resultados revelan que existe mucha diferencia entre las raciones, ya sea de la misma clasificación, entre ellas y / o grupos diferentes, tanto en términos de precio, como en términos de cantidad y calidad de nutrientes. Uma misma racion con diferentes precios se observa en las Tablas 1, 2 y 3, así como racion de la misma categoría destinado al mismo grupo de animales, pero con muy diferente contenido de nutrientes. Este estudio también tiene en cuenta las raciones especiales (Tabla 4) para animales con problemas urinarios, renales y obesos, demostrando la importancia de la diferencia de nutrientes en las raciones para estos animales. Lo que se pudo observar con este trabajo es que la elección del alimento en función de la calidad y cantidad de nutrientes es fundamental para fortalecer y nutrir al animal, además de prevenir o aliviar problemas de salud, y que el costo del alimento no difiere mucho según a las categorías presentadas.

Suplemento alimentar de vitamina C: fiscalização durante o período de adequação à nova legislação / Vitamin C dietary supplement: inspection during adequacy period of new legislation

Os suplementos à base de vitamina C são amplamente consumidos pela população, evidenciando a importância da fiscalização desses produtos. Em julho de 2018, a ANVISA (Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária) publicou as novas regulamentações sobre suplementos alimentares, estabelecendo-se o prazo de 60 meses para as empresas se adequarem a essas normas. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo determinar os teores de vitamina C, comparar os valores analisados com os declarados na informação nutricional e avaliar os dizeres de rotulagem em produtos à base dessa vitamina. Os teores de vitamina C foram determinados por titulação potencio métrica e as análises de rotulagem foram realizadas com base nas legislações da ANVISA em doze amostras de suplementos colhidos pelas Vigilâncias Sanitárias do Estado de São Paulo. Os teores de vitamina C avaliados estavam de acordo com os declarados na informação nutricional do rótulo, com exceção de uma amostra que apresentou teor abaixo do valor declarado. Em relação aos dizeres de rotulagem, sete amostras (58%) apresentaram um ou mais itens em desacordo com a legislação, mostrando a necessidade de monitoramento constante desse tipo de produto. O trabalho representa um estudo preliminar de avaliação dos suplementos no período de adequação às novas regulamentações (AU).

Vitamin C-based supplements are widely consumed by the population, highlighting the importance of monitoring these products. In July 2018, the ANVISA (National Health Surveillance Agency) published new regulations for dietary supplements,setting a 60 months deadline for companies to comply with these standards.The objective of the present work was to evaluate the contents of vitamin C, and compare the analyzed/real values with those reported on the nutrition facts label, and to evaluate the labeling of vitamin supplements. Vitamin C contents were determined by potentiometric titration, and labeling analysis were performed based on ANVISA legislation in twelve samples of supplements collected by the Sanitary Surveillance of the State of São Paulo.The contents of vitamin C were in accordance with those declared in the nutritional information on the label, with the exception of one sample that presented content below the declared value. Regarding the labeling analysis, seven samples (58%) presented one or more items in disagreement with the legislation, showing the need for constant monitoring of this type of product.The work represents a preliminary study to evaluate the supplements in the adequacy period of new regulations (AU).

Uncertainties and risks in delimiting species of Cambeva (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) with single-locus methods and geographically restricted data

Cambeva contains species with complex taxonomy or poorly delimitated in terms of morphology and geopraphic distribution. We conducted an extensive review of Cambeva populations from coastal drainages of Southern to Southeastern Brazil to evaluate species geographic limits with an integrative analysis including morphological and molecular data (COI). We test if two single-locus methods, Bayesian Poisson Tree Processes (bPTP) and Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent (GMYC), are efficient to delimit species boundaries in Cambeva by the comparison with the diagnosable morphological units. Using GMYC, we also evaluated the combination of tree and molecular clock priors to reconstruct the input phylogeny and assessed how well the implemented model fitted our empirical data. Eleven species were identified using a morphological diagnosability criterion: Cambeva balios, C. barbosae, C. botuvera, C. cubataonis, C. davisi, C. guaraquessaba, C. iheringi, C. tupinamba, and C. zonata and two treated as undescribed species. In contrast with previous knowledge, many of them have wider distribution and high intraspecific variation. Species delimitation based on single-locus demonstrated incongruences between the methods and strongly differed from the morphological delimitation. These disagreements and the violation of the GMYC model suggest that a single-locus data is insufficient to delimit Cambeva species and the failure may be attributable to events of mitochondrial introgression and incomplete lineage sorting.(AU)

Cambeva contém espécies com taxonomia complexa ou mal delimitadas em termos morfológicos e de distribuição geográfica. Realizamos uma extensa revisão de populações de Cambeva das drenagens costeiras do Sul ao Sudeste do Brasil para avaliar os limites das espécies com uma análise integrativa incluindo dados morfológicos e moleculares (COI). Testamos se dois métodos de locus único, Implementação Bayesiana dos Processos da Árvore de Poisson (bPTP) e Coalescente de Yule Misto Generalizado (GMYC), são eficientes para delimitar os limites das espécies em Cambeva pela comparação com as unidades morfológicas diagnosticáveis. Usando o GMYC, também avaliamos a combinação de árvores e relógios moleculares para reconstruir a filogenia e avaliamos o quão bem o modelo implementado se ajustava aos nossos dados empíricos. Foram identificadas 11 espécies usando o critério morfológico: Cambeva balios, C. barbosae, C. botuvera, C. cubataonis, C. davisi, C. guaraquessaba, C. iheringi, C. tupinamba e C. zonata e duas tratadas como espécies não-descritas. Em contraste com o conhecimento prévio, muitas delas têm distribuição mais ampla e alta variação intraespecífica. A delimitação das espécies baseada em locus único demonstrou incongruências entre os métodos e diferiu fortemente da delimitação morfológica. Essas discordâncias e a violação do modelo GMYC sugerem que os dados de locus único são insuficientes para delimitar as espécies de Cambeva e a falha pode ser atribuída a eventos de introgressão mitocondrial e sorteio incompleto da linhagem.(AU)

Lysosomal storage disease induced by Sida planicaulis (Sin. Sida carpinifolia) (Malvaceae) in sheep in the state of Rio de Janeiro / Doença do armazenamento lisossomal induzida por Sida planicaulis (Sin. Sida carpinifolia) (Malvaceae) em ovinos no estado do Rio de Janeiro

Ingestion of S. planicaulis (Sin. S. carpinifolia) causes lysosomal storage disease in sheep. The main toxic compound of this plant, swainsonine, inhibits the enzymatic activity of α-mannosidase I and II, resulting in lysosomal storage of glycoproteins. We describe a case of spontaneous poisoning by S. planucaulis in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. Physical examination of affected animals revealed proprioceptive deficit, motor incoordination, staggering movement, and head tremors. Histopathological evaluation showed severe swelling/cytoplasmic vacuolization in Purkinje neurons, with a foamy appearance and occasional karyolysis or karyopyknosis, and intense vacuolization of acinar cells of the pancreas and, less markedly, thyroid follicular cells. The positive lectin-histochemistry labeling for Con A, WGA and sWGA lectins characterized the disease as a glycoproteinosis. The ultrastructural evaluation revealed numerous vacuoles up to 2.5µm in diameter bounded by membranes up to 20nm thick in pancreatic acinar cells. The diagnosis of S. planicaulis toxicity was established based on epidemiological data, clinicopathological, lectino-histochemical, and ultrastructural findings. This is the second report of spontaneous poisoning of sheep by S. planicaulis in Brazil, but the first in the Southeastern Brazil.

A ingestão de S. planicaulis (Sin. S. carpinifolia) tem sido responsabilizada por doença do armazenamento lisossomal em ovinos. O principal composto tóxico dessa planta, a swainsonina, inibe atividade enzimática da α-manosidase I e II, que redunda no armazenamento de glicoproteínas no interior de lisossomos. Descreveu-se um caso de intoxicação espontânea por S. planicaulis no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. O exame físico dos animais afetados revelou déficit proprioceptivo, incoordenação motora, cambaleio à movimentação e tremores de intenção e na cabeça. A avaliação histopatológica evidenciou severa tumefação/vacuolização citoplasmática em neurônios de Purkinje, com aspecto espumoso e eventual cariólise ou cariopicnose e intensa vacuolização de células acinares do pâncreas e, menos marcadamente, foliculares da tireoide. O exame lectino-histoquímico positivo para as lectinas Con A, WGA e sWGA foi capaz de caracterizar a enfermidade como uma glicoproteinose. A avaliação ultraestrutural revelou numerosos vacúolos de até 2,5µm de diâmetro, delimitados por membranas de até 20nm de espessura em células acinares do pâncreas. O diagnóstico da intoxicação por S. planicaulis foi estabelecido com base nos dados epidemiológicos, nos achados clínico-patológicos e confirmado pelas avaliações lectino-histoquímica e ultraestrutural. Esta é segunda descrição da intoxicação natural por S. planicaulis em ovinos no Brasil e a primeira na região Sudeste do país.

Recycled pequi (Caryocar brasiliense, Camb) shell ethanolic extract induces apoptosis in canine osteosarcoma cell / Extrato etanólico de cascas recicladas de pequi (Caryocar brasiliense, Camb) induz apoptose em células de osteossarcoma canino

Osteosarcoma is a mesenchymal cancer associated with high mortality in dogs and in humans. The biodiversity-rich Cerrado, the predominant biome in the Midwest region of Brazil, is native to locally appreciated fruits such as pequi (Caryocar brasiliense, Camb). Although this plant has been frequently used in folk medicine, the pharmacological properties of pequi fruit shells have not been fully evaluated. Thus, this study aimed to determine the cytotoxic activity of ethanol extract of recycled pequi shells on canine osteosarcoma cells in vitro. Cells were cultured and treated with final extract concentrations of 0, 0.029 µg/µL, 0.29 µg/µL, and 2.91 µg/µL for 24, 48, or 72 hours. Cell viability assay using trypan blue exclusion method and tetrazolium reduction method, cell survival assay, and double labeling with annexin V and propidium iodide were performed in the treated osteosarcoma cells. These allowed the determination of IC50, survival fraction, and type of cell death, respectively. Pequi shell ethanol extract at a concentration of 2.91 µg/µL showed the greatest inhibition of osteosarcoma cell growth in vitro, resulting in a 71.80% decrease in growth compared to the control. The mean IC50 was 155.2 µg/mL at 72 hours. The calculated survival fractions showed that cell growth at 72 hours was 3.33% lower in cells treated with 2.91 µg/µL extract. Results from the double labeling experiment suggest that apoptosis was the predominant type of cell death in cells treated with 2.91 µg/µL extract. These results demonstrate that ethanol extract of recycled pequi shells promotes apoptosis in canine osteosarcoma cells.

O osteossarcoma é uma neoplasia mesenquimal associada à alta mortalidade em cães e humanos. O pequi (Caryocar brasiliense, Camb.) é nativo do Cerrado, bioma rico em biodiversidade predominante na região Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Embora esta planta seja frequentemente utilizada na medicina popular, as propriedades farmacológicas da casca do pequi ainda são pouco conhecidas. Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a atividade citotóxica do extrato etanólico de cascas de pequi recicladas em células de osteossarcoma canino. As células foram cultivadas e tratadas com concentrações finais de extrato de zero, 0,029 µg/µL, 0,29 µg/µL e 2,91 µg/µL por 24, 48 ou 72 horas. As células foram submetidas a ensaio de viabilidade celular pelos métodos de exclusão de azul de tripano da redução de tetrazólio para determinar a IC50, ao ensaio de sobrevivência celular para calcular a fração de sobrevivência e à dupla marcação com anexina V e iodeto de propídio para determinar o tipo de morte celular. O extrato etanólico de casca de pequi na concentração de 2,91 µg/µL apresentou a maior inibição do crescimento de células de osteossarcoma, com redução de 71,80% no crescimento em relação ao controle. A IC50 média foi de 155,2 µg/mL em 72 horas. O crescimento celular em 72 horas foi 3,33% menor nas células tratadas com 2,91 µg/µL de extrato. A apoptose foi o tipo predominante de morte celular em células tratadas com 2,91 µg/µL de extrato. Esses resultados demonstram que o extrato etanólico de cascas de pequi recicladas promove apoptose em células de osteossarcoma canino.

Kukoamine A activates Akt/GSK-3ß signaling pathway to inhibit oxidative stress and relieve myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury

Purpose: Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury refers to a pathological condition of treatment of myocardial infarction. Oxidative stress and inflammation are believed to be important mechanisms mediating MI/R injury. Kukoamine A (KuA), a sperm, is the main bioactive component extracted from the bark of goji berries. In this study, we wanted to investigate the possible effects of KuA on MI/R injury. Methods: In this experiment, all rats were divided into sham operation group, MI/R group, KuA 10 mg + MI/R group, KuA 20 mg + MI/R group. After 120 min of ischemia/reperfusion treatment, left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), maximal rates of rising and fall of left ventricular pressure (±dp/dtmax), and ischemic area were detected. Serum samples of rats in each group were collected. The enzyme activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), CK muscle/brain (CK-MB), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The apoptosis of myocardium in each group was detected according to the instructions of the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. The expressions of mammalian target of glycogen synthase kinase-3ß (GSH-3ß) and protein kinase B (Akt) mRNA level in myocardial tissues were detected via reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: MI/R rats showed a significant increase in oxidative stress and inflammation. In addition, we showed that KuA significantly improved the myocardial function such as LVSP, left ventricular ejection fraction, +dp/dt, and -dp/dt. Here, it attenuated dose-dependent histological damage in ischemia-reperfused myocardium, which is associated with the enzyme activities of SOD, GSH-PX, and levels of MDA, IL-6, TNF-α, L-1ß. Conclusions: KuA inhibited gene expression of Akt/GSK-3ß, inflammation, oxidative stress and improved MR/I injury. Taken together, our results allowed us to better understand the pharmacological activity of KuA against MR/I injury.

Congenital cutaneous hemangioma in a newborn lamb

Background: Hemangioma is a benign dermal or subcutaneous endothelial cell tumor composed of vascular spaces of varying sizes filled with erythrocytes and lined with a single layer of uniform endothelial cells. Although the pathogenesis is not well defined, these tumors are considered to result from an imbalance in angiogenesis, leading to uncontrolled proliferation of vascular elements. To the best of our knowledge, there are no reports of congenital cutaneous hemangioma in sheep. This report describes the clinical, laboratory, and pathological findings of a case of congenital hemangioma affecting a newborn lamb. Case: A 5-day-old crossbred (Dorper x Santa Inês) lamb presenting with an ear nodule that expanded in the right ear was necropsied. An expansive subcutaneous nodule was observed macroscopically; it occupied approximately 90% of the right ear and had a crusty, irregular surface. The cut surface had multiple cavitations delimited by firm fibrous tissue and a light yellow-to-translucent content. Microscopically, it showed focally extensive subcutaneous neoplastic proliferation and moderate cellularity; it was formed of vascular beds of varied sizes and supported by moderate fibrocollagenous stroma. Suppurative inflammation was observed in the neoplastic vascular beds with large amounts of free basophilic coccoid bacteria inside macrophages. Immunohistochemistry analysis was performed to confirm the diagnosis. Strong cytoplasmic labeling was observed in neoplastic endothelial cells for CD31 and factor VIII. The Ki67 proliferation marker was positive in approximately 5% of neoplastic cells. The cells did not express smooth muscle actin (1A4) or pan-cytokeratin (AE1AE3). Histological characteristics and immunohistochemistry findings were consistent with those of congenital cutaneous hemangioma, a rare neoplasm in sheep. Discussion: The association of clinical, anatomopathological, and immunohistochemical data enabled the diagnosis of congenital cutaneous hemangioma in the 5-day-old lamb. Reports of vascular tumors in sheep are not frequent in literature and usually involve adult animals with no anatomical site predilection. In sheep, the occurrence of nasotracheal hemangioma in a 2-year-old ewe and gingival hemangioma in a 5-year-old sheep have already been described. A cutaneous extra-neural hemangioblastoma was diagnosed in the ear of a 1-month-old lamb. IHC was also used to confirm the diagnosis of hemangioblastoma. Macroscopically, hemangiomas can present as well-delimited and encapsulated masses that when cut, show a reticulated pattern similar to honeycombs that separate the blood-filled cavities. The present case showed a similar conformation but without enough erythrocytes to result in a bloody appearance. Tumor drainage and the predominance of blood serum in the content possibly made it macroscopically translucent. Microscopically, the hemangioma was classified as cavernous. This morphological variation forms large channels separated by fibrous connective tissue stroma, which may contain inflammatory cells. IHC confirmed the endothelial lining of the cystic cavities and was crucial in excluding differential diagnoses. Thus, factor VIII-related antigen was used as a marker for normal and neoplastic cells, as well as for tumoral and reactive neovascularization, in which neoplastic cells were immuno-expressed for CD31 and Factor VIII. In domestic animals, the association between CD31 and Factor VIII is considered more specific for vascular endothelial cells, differentiating them from cells of lymphatic origin. Congenital cutaneous hemangioma occurs in sheep, and its diagnosis and differentiation can be based on histopathology associated with conventional immunohistochemical panels for vascular neoformation.

Veracidade da rotulagem quanto a presença de amido baseado em um teste laboratorial em iogurtes nacionais comercializados no sul de Santa Catarina / Veracity of labeling as the presence of starch based on a laboratory test in national yogurts commercialized in southern Santa Catarina

Com o crescimento diário do número de consumidores em nível mundial, a indústria alimentícia se caracteriza como um ramo em ascensão contínua. Como consequência, a sociedade procura obter informações nutricionais dos produtos consumidos por meio dos rótulos. O iogurte, objeto do presente estudo, é tido pela sociedade de consumo como um alimento rico em nutrientes, que promove benefícios ao organismo e, por isso, apresenta-se como vantajoso à saúde. No entanto, torna-se fundamental analisar a veracidade nos rótulos desses produtos quanto à presença de amido. Tal análise pode ser efetivada por meio de um exame laboratorial chamado de teste de iodo, também conhecido como teste Lugol. Com isso, o presente estudo objetivou analisar a veracidade da rotulagem quanto à presença de amido, baseando a pesquisa em um teste laboratorial em iogurtes nacionais comercializados no sul de Santa Catarina. Sendo assim, os resultados das 28 amostras deste estudo demonstraram alguma inconformidade. Observou-se que 85,7% apresentavam amido declarado como espessante na rotulagem, porém o teste foi positivado para 89,3% dos iogurtes. Diante disso, são de suma importância as análises na veracidade das rotulagens, visto que, corriqueiramente, o consumidor é lesado ao que diz respeito às informações contidas nos rótulos de produtos alimentícios. (AU)

With the daily growth of the number of consumers worldwide, the food industry is characterized as a branch in continuous growth. As a result, society seeks to obtain nutritional information on the products consumed through the labels. Yogurt, the object of this study, is considered by the consumer society as a food rich in nutrients, which promotes benefits to the body and, therefore, presents itself as advantageous to health. Such an analysis can be carried out through a laboratory test called iodine test, also known as Lugol test. Whithin this context, the present study aims to analyze the veracity of the labeling regarding the presence of starch by testing national yogurts commercialized in the south of Santa Catarina. Thus, the results of this study showed that samples were not in conformity. It was observed that 85.7% had starch declared as a thickener on the label, but the test was positive for 89.3% of yogurts. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to analyze the veracity of the labeling, once routinely, the consumer is harmed when it comes to the information contained in the labels of food products. (AU)

Alimentos processados e Diabetes Mellitus: avaliação de rotulagem de alimentos industrializados indicados para diabéticos / Processed foods and Diabetes Mellitus: labeling evaluation of processed foods indicated for diabetics

O Diabetes Mellitus (DM) afeta cerca de 400 milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo. É de senso comum que esses indivíduos devem priorizar o consumo de alimentos minimamente processados e in natura. No entanto, o consumo racional de alimentos processados torna-se um desafio devido ao estilo de vida ocidental e a alta oferta desses produtos, incluindo aqueles específicos para pacientes diabéticos. Esse trabalho visa verificar a adequação dos rótulos de alimentos dietéticos industrializados. Avaliou-se rótulos de biscoitos, doces e pães destinados para diabéticos, disponíveis em supermercados, lojas de produtos naturais e lojas de suplementos alimentares. Além das informações nutricionais, foi avaliada a adequação da rotulagem segundo a Portaria nº 29, de 13 de janeiro de 1998. Foram analisados 98 alimentos, sendo 57 doces, 27 biscoitos e 14 pães. Observamos que há uma grande inadequação desses produtos, bem como falta de informações acerca de importantes nutrientes. É necessária a adequação da rotulagem e a conferência de cada item, e os profissionais de saúde, principalmente os nutricionistas, devem estar atentos ao recomendar esses alimentos aos pacientes.(AU)

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) affects about 400 million people worldwide. It is common knowledge that diabetic individuals should prioritize the consumption of fresh foods or minimally processed foods. However, the rational consumption of processed foods becomes a challenge due to the western lifestyle and the high source of these products, including those specific for diabetic people. This manuscript aims to verify the label adequacy of processed dietary foods. We performed the evaluation of diabetic cookies, candy and bread labels available at supermarkets, health food stores and food supplement stores. The adequacy of the nutritional items, and the labeling was evaluated according the Brazilian current legislation. A total of 98 items were analyzed: 57 candies, 27 cookies and 14 breads. We observed that there was a great inadequacy of these products, as well as a lack of information about important nutrients. It is necessary to adapt the labeling and to perform the conference of each item, and the health professionals, especially the nutritionists, must pay close attention before recommending these foods to their patients.(AU)