Espiradenoma écrino em rato twister (Rattus norvegicus): Relato de caso / Spiradenoma ecrine in twister rat (Rattus norvegicus): Case report / Espiradenoma ecrino en rata twister (Rattus norvegicus): Reporte de caso

A ordem Rodentiarepresenta 40% de todos os mamíferos vivos do planeta e está adaptada a todos os ambientes. O rato twister (Rattus novegicus) pertence à família Muridae. Historicamente, os roedores estão próximos de seres humanos há séculos e onde há presença de seres humanos, possivelmente há roedores. A população de roedores e lagomorfos estácrescendo nas residências de tutores, na condição de animais petsnão convencionais O objetivo do presente trabalho científico é descrever a ocorrência de uma neoplasia benigna em glândula sudorípara em rato, assim como, discorrer sobre a técnica cirúrgica e o protocolo anestésico utilizado com sucesso no paciente.(AU)

The Rodentia order represents 40% of all living mammals on the planet and are adapted to all environments. The twister rat (Rattus novegicus) belongs to the Muridae Family. Historically rodents have been close to humans for centuries and where humans are present, there are possibly rodents. Nowdays rodents and lagomorphs are commons in the owners homes, as animals pets because of their graciousness and docility. The objective of the present scientific work is to describe the occurrence of a benign neoplasm reported in rat, as well as to discuss the surgical technique and anesthetic protocol used successfullyin the patient.(AU)

El orden Rodentia representa el 40% de todos los mamíferos vivos del planeta y se adaptan a todoslos ambientes. El Rattus novegicuspertenece al la familia Muridae. Históricamente, los roedores han estado cerca de los humanos durante siglos y donde hay humanos, posiblemente haya roedores. Los roedores y lagomorfas son animales comunes en las casas delos tutores, como mascotas poco convencionales por su gracia y docilidad. El objetivo de este trabajo científico es describir la ocurrencia de una neoplasia benigna raramente reportada en ratas, así como discutir la técnica quirúrgica y el protocolo anestésico exitosamente utilizado en el paciente.(AU)

Referências hematológicas e bioquímicas em coelhos domésticos (Oryctolagus cuniculus) da região de Canoas (RS) / Hematological and biochemical reference values in domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) from Canoas city (RS) / Referencias hematológicas y bioquímicas en conejos domésticos (Oryctolagus cuniculus) de la región de Canoas (RS)

Os coelhos domésticos (Oryctolagus cuniculus) são criados para produção de carne, lã, pele, pesquisas em laboratório e como animais de companhia. O objetivo do presente trabalho é determinar os parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos de coelhos domésticos com raças variadas, no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA/CANOAS–RS). Para a determinação bioquímica foram utilizados kits reagentes Labtest®, analisados em espectrofotômetro BA-88 Mindray®, o hemograma foi realizado em contador hematológico (Sysmex® PocH-100iV Diff) com diferenciação leucocitária por microscopia óptica. A proteína plasmática total (PPT) foi realizada por refratometria, para o fibrinogênio usou-se a técnica de precipitação por calor. Os valores bioquímicos obtidos foram: Albumina 4,0 5,2 g/dL, alanina aminotransferase (ALT) 42,0 68,0 UI/L, creatinina 1,1 1,3 mg/dL, gama-glutamil transferase (GGT) 21,0 27,0 UI/L e ureia 38,0 46,0 mg/dL. Os parâmetros hematológicos foram: Eritrócitos (x106μL) 5,4 6,8; hematócrito (%) 41 49; Volume Corpuscular Médio (VCM) (fL) 71 77; Amplitude de Distribuição dos Eritrócitos (RDW) (%) 13,2 17,8; plaquetas (μL) 328.000 544.000; PPT (g/dL) 6,5 7,7; fibrinogênio (mg/dL) 12 300; leucócitos totais (μL) 5.800 10.800; heterófilos (μL) 1.400 4.400; eosinófilos (μL) 0 360; linfócitos (μL) 2.800 6.600; monócitos (μL) 40 800; basófilos (μL) 0 36.(AU)

Domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) are bred for the production of meat, wool, fur, laboratory research and as companion animals. The objective of the present work is to determine the hematological and biochemical parameters of domestic rabbits of different breeds, at the Veterinary Hospital of Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA/CANOAS–RS). For biochemical determination, Labtest® reagent kits were used, analyzed in a BA–88 Mindray® spectrophotometer, the blood count was performed in a hematological counter (Sysmex® PocH–100iV Diff) with leukocyte differentiation by optical microscopy. Total plasma protein (TPP) was performed by refractometry, for fibrinogen the heat precipitation technique was used. The biochemical values ​​obtained were: Albumin 4.0 5.2 g/dL, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 42.0 68.0 IU/L, creatinine 1.1 1.3 mg/dL, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) 21.0 27.0 IU/L and urea ​​38.0 46.0 mg/dL. The hematological parameters were: RBC (x106μL) 5.4 6.8; packed cell volume (%) 41 49; mean cell volume (MCV) (fL) 71 77; red blood cell distribution width (RDW) (%) 13.2 17.8; platelets (μL) 328.000 544.000; TPP (g/dL) 6.4 7.7; fibrinogen (mg / dL) 12 300; leukocytes (μL) 5.800 10.800; heterophiles (μL) 1.400 4.400; eosinophils (μL) 0 360; lymphocytes (μL) 2.800 6.600; monocytes (μL) 40 800; basophils (μL) 0 36.(AU)

Los conejos domésticos (Oryctolagus cuniculus) se crían para carne, lana, producción de pieles, investigación de laboratorio y como animales de compañía. El objetivo del presente trabajo es determinar los parámetros hematológicos y bioquímicos de conejos domésticos de diferentes razas, en el Hospital Veterinario de la Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA/CANOAS RS). Para la determinación bioquímica se utilizaron kits de reactivos Labtest®, analizados en un espectrofotómetro BA-88 Mindray®, el hemograma se realizó en un contador hematológico (Sysmex® PocH-100iV Diff) con diferenciación leucocitaria por microscopía óptica. La proteína plasmática total (PPT) se realizó mediante refractometría, para el fibrinógeno se utilizó la técnica de precipitación por calor. Los valores bioquímicos obtenidos fueron: Albúmina 4,0 - 5,2 g/dL, alanina aminotransferasa (ALT) 42,0 68,0 UI/L, creatinina 1,1 1,3 mg/dL, gamma-glutamil transferasa (GGT) 21,0 27,0 UI/L y urea 38,0 46,0 mg/dL. Los parámetros hematológicos fueron: Eritrocitos (x106μL) 5,4 6,8; hematocrito (%) 41 49; Volumen corpuscular medio (MCV) (fL) 71 77; Rango de distribución de eritrocitos (RDW) (%) 13,2 17,8; plaquetas (μL) 328.000 544.000; PPT (g/dL) 6,5 7,7; fibrinógeno (mg/dL) 12 300; leucocitos totales (μL) 5,800 10,800; heterófilos (μL) 1.400 4.400; eosinófilos (μL) 0 360; linfocitos (μL) 2.800 6.600; monocitos (μL) 40 800; basófilos (μL) 0 36.(AU)

Referências hematológicas e bioquímicas em coelhos domésticos (Oryctolagus cuniculus) da região de Canoas (RS) / Hematological and biochemical reference values in domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) from Canoas city (RS) / Referencias hematológicas y bioquímicas en conejos domésticos (Oryctolagus cuniculus) de la región de Canoas (RS)

Os coelhos domésticos (Oryctolagus cuniculus) são criados para produção de carne, lã, pele, pesquisas em laboratório e como animais de companhia. O objetivo do presente trabalho é determinar os parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos de coelhos domésticos com raças variadas, no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA/CANOAS–RS). Para a determinação bioquímica foram utilizados kits reagentes Labtest®, analisados em espectrofotômetro BA-88 Mindray®, o hemograma foi realizado em contador hematológico (Sysmex® PocH-100iV Diff) com diferenciação leucocitária por microscopia óptica. A proteína plasmática total (PPT) foi realizada por refratometria, para o fibrinogênio usou-se a técnica de precipitação por calor. Os valores bioquímicos obtidos foram: Albumina 4,0 – 5,2 g/dL, alanina aminotransferase (ALT) 42,0 – 68,0 UI/L, creatinina 1,1 – 1,3 mg/dL, gama-glutamil transferase (GGT) 21,0 – 27,0 UI/L e ureia 38,0 – 46,0 mg/dL. Os parâmetros hematológicos foram: Eritrócitos (x106μL) 5,4 – 6,8; hematócrito (%) 41 – 49; Volume Corpuscular Médio (VCM) (fL) 71 – 77; Amplitude de Distribuição dos Eritrócitos (RDW) (%) 13,2 – 17,8; plaquetas (μL) 328.000 – 544.000; PPT (g/dL) 6,5 – 7,7; fibrinogênio (mg/dL) 12 – 300; leucócitos totais (μL) 5.800 – 10.800; heterófilos (μL) 1.400 – 4.400; eosinófilos (μL) 0 – 360; linfócitos (μL) 2.800 – 6.600; monócitos (μL) 40 – 800; basófilos (μL) 0 – 36.

Domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) are bred for the production of meat, wool, fur, laboratory research and as companion animals. The objective of the present work is to determine the hematological and biochemical parameters of domestic rabbits of different breeds, at the Veterinary Hospital of Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA/CANOAS–RS). For biochemical determination, Labtest® reagent kits were used, analyzed in a BA–88 Mindray® spectrophotometer, the blood count was performed in a hematological counter (Sysmex® PocH–100iV Diff) with leukocyte differentiation by optical microscopy. Total plasma protein (TPP) was performed by refractometry, for fibrinogen the heat precipitation technique was used. The biochemical values ​​obtained were: Albumin 4.0 – 5.2 g/dL, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 42.0 – 68.0 IU/L, creatinine 1.1 – 1.3 mg/dL, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) 21.0 – 27.0 IU/L and urea ​​38.0 – 46.0 mg/dL. The hematological parameters were: RBC (x106μL) 5.4 – 6.8; packed cell volume (%) 41 – 49; mean cell volume (MCV) (fL) 71 – 77; red blood cell distribution width (RDW) (%) 13.2 – 17.8; platelets (μL) 328.000 – 544.000; TPP (g/dL) 6.4 – 7.7; fibrinogen (mg / dL) 12 – 300; leukocytes (μL) 5.800 – 10.800; heterophiles (μL) 1.400 – 4.400; eosinophils (μL) 0 – 360; lymphocytes (μL) 2.800 – 6.600; monocytes (μL) 40 – 800; basophils (μL) 0 – 36.

Los conejos domésticos (Oryctolagus cuniculus) se crían para carne, lana, producción de pieles, investigación de laboratorio y como animales de compañía. El objetivo del presente trabajo es determinar los parámetros hematológicos y bioquímicos de conejos domésticos de diferentes razas, en el Hospital Veterinario de la Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA/CANOAS – RS). Para la determinación bioquímica se utilizaron kits de reactivos Labtest®, analizados en un espectrofotómetro BA-88 Mindray®, el hemograma se realizó en un contador hematológico (Sysmex® PocH-100iV Diff) con diferenciación leucocitaria por microscopía óptica. La proteína plasmática total (PPT) se realizó mediante refractometría, para el fibrinógeno se utilizó la técnica de precipitación por calor. Los valores bioquímicos obtenidos fueron: Albúmina 4,0 - 5,2 g/dL, alanina aminotransferasa (ALT) 42,0 – 68,0 UI/L, creatinina 1,1 – 1,3 mg/dL, gamma-glutamil transferasa (GGT) 21,0 – 27,0 UI/L y urea 38,0 – 46,0 mg/dL. Los parámetros hematológicos fueron: Eritrocitos (x106μL) 5,4 – 6,8; hematocrito (%) 41 – 49; Volumen corpuscular medio (MCV) (fL) 71 – 77; Rango de distribución de eritrocitos (RDW) (%) 13,2 – 17,8; plaquetas (μL) 328.000 – 544.000; PPT (g/dL) 6,5 – 7,7; fibrinógeno (mg/dL) 12 – 300; leucocitos totales (μL) 5,800 – 10,800; heterófilos (μL) 1.400 – 4.400; eosinófilos (μL) 0 – 360; linfocitos (μL) 2.800 – 6.600; monocitos (μL) 40 – 800; basófilos (μL) 0 – 36.

Anatomical investigation of the measurements, shape and arterial irrigation of the adrenal gland in New Zealand rabbits / Investigação anatômica das medidas, forma e irrigação arterial da glândula adrenal em coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia

Rabbits have been used as an experimental model in many studies. These studies are important for not only for veterinary clinicians, but also for researchers in different elds. The aim of this research was to describe gross morphological measurement, shape and arterial supply of the adrenal glands in healthy New Zealand rabbits. Dissections were performed in 30 adult rabbits, 15 males and 15 females, without macroscopic adrenal pathology. Adrenal measurements were made with a digital caliper: length, width, and thickness. The origin of the adrenal arteries was also determined. Both adrenal glands were localized cranially to the respective kidneys. The mean of the right adrenal gland was 0.88 cm length, 0.42 cm width and 0.16 cm thickness; the left gland measured 0.72 cm, 0.46 cm, and 0.17 cm, respectively. The right gland was significantly more elongated than the left (p = 0.0003) and the means of the measurements did not differ between sexes. Most of the right adrenal glands had a piriform shape (73.3%), whereas most of the left gland exhibited a bean-shaped aspect (60.0%). The arterial supply was found to arise from different arteries:  lumbar, aorta, renal, caudal mesenteric, and testicular or ovarian. Comparatively, the descriptions of shape, position and arterial irrigation of the adrenal gland in rabbits are similar to those available in rodents. The data from the pres

Coelhos têm sido utilizados como modelo experimental em muitos estudos. Esses estudos são importantes não apenas para médicos veterinários, mas também para pesquisadores de diferentes campos. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi descrever as medidas morfológicas macroscópicas, forma e suprimento arterial das glândulas adrenais em coelhos saudáveis da raça Nova Zelândia. As dissecções foram realizadas em 30 coelhos adultos, 15 machos e 15 fêmeas, sem sinais macroscópicos de patologia adrenal. As medidas adrenais foram realizadas com paquímetro digital: comprimento, largura e espessura. A origem das artérias adrenais também foi determinada. Ambas as glândulas adrenais foram localizadas cranialmente nos respectivos rins. A média da glândula adrenal direita foi de 0,88 cm de comprimento, 0,42 cm de largura e 0,16 cm de espessura; a glândula esquerda mediu 0,72 cm, 0,46 cm e 0,17 cm, respectivamente. A glândula direita foi significativamente mais alongada que a esquerda (p = 0,0003) e as médias das medidas não diferiram entre os sexos. A maioria das glândulas adrenais direitas tinha uma forma piriforme (73,3%), enquanto a maioria da glândula esquerda exibia um aspecto em “forma de feijão” (60,0%). Verificou-se que o suprimento arterial provém de diferentes artérias: lombar, aorta, renal, mesentérica caudal e testicular ou ovariana. Comparativamente, as descrições de forma, posição e irrigação arterial da glândula adrenal em coelhos são semelhantes às disponíveis em roedores. Os dados da presente investigação ajudarão na interpretação de achados patológicos e / ou experimentais em coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia.(AU)

Anatomical investigation of the measurements, shape and arterial irrigation of the adrenal gland in New Zealand rabbits / Investigação anatômica das medidas, forma e irrigação arterial da glândula adrenal em coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia

Rabbits have been used as an experimental model in many studies. These studies are important for not only for veterinary clinicians, but also for researchers in different elds. The aim of this research was to describe gross morphological measurement, shape and arterial supply of the adrenal glands in healthy New Zealand rabbits. Dissections were performed in 30 adult rabbits, 15 males and 15 females, without macroscopic adrenal pathology. Adrenal measurements were made with a digital caliper: length, width, and thickness. The origin of the adrenal arteries was also determined. Both adrenal glands were localized cranially to the respective kidneys. The mean of the right adrenal gland was 0.88 cm length, 0.42 cm width and 0.16 cm thickness; the left gland measured 0.72 cm, 0.46 cm, and 0.17 cm, respectively. The right gland was significantly more elongated than the left (p = 0.0003) and the means of the measurements did not differ between sexes. Most of the right adrenal glands had a piriform shape (73.3%), whereas most of the left gland exhibited a bean-shaped aspect (60.0%). The arterial supply was found to arise from different arteries:  lumbar, aorta, renal, caudal mesenteric, and testicular or ovarian. Comparatively, the descriptions of shape, position and arterial irrigation of the adrenal gland in rabbits are similar to those available in rodents. The data from the pres

Coelhos têm sido utilizados como modelo experimental em muitos estudos. Esses estudos são importantes não apenas para médicos veterinários, mas também para pesquisadores de diferentes campos. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi descrever as medidas morfológicas macroscópicas, forma e suprimento arterial das glândulas adrenais em coelhos saudáveis da raça Nova Zelândia. As dissecções foram realizadas em 30 coelhos adultos, 15 machos e 15 fêmeas, sem sinais macroscópicos de patologia adrenal. As medidas adrenais foram realizadas com paquímetro digital: comprimento, largura e espessura. A origem das artérias adrenais também foi determinada. Ambas as glândulas adrenais foram localizadas cranialmente nos respectivos rins. A média da glândula adrenal direita foi de 0,88 cm de comprimento, 0,42 cm de largura e 0,16 cm de espessura; a glândula esquerda mediu 0,72 cm, 0,46 cm e 0,17 cm, respectivamente. A glândula direita foi significativamente mais alongada que a esquerda (p = 0,0003) e as médias das medidas não diferiram entre os sexos. A maioria das glândulas adrenais direitas tinha uma forma piriforme (73,3%), enquanto a maioria da glândula esquerda exibia um aspecto em “forma de feijão” (60,0%). Verificou-se que o suprimento arterial provém de diferentes artérias: lombar, aorta, renal, mesentérica caudal e testicular ou ovariana. Comparativamente, as descrições de forma, posição e irrigação arterial da glândula adrenal em coelhos são semelhantes às disponíveis em roedores. Os dados da presente investigação ajudarão na interpretação de achados patológicos e / ou experimentais em coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia.

Proliferative enteropathy caused by Lawsonia intracellularis in rabbits in Southern Brazil / Enteropatia proliferativa por Lawsonia intracellularis em coelhos no Sul do Brasil

Proliferative enteropathy (PE), also known as ileitis, is a disease caused by the bacterium Lawsonia intracellularis. This disease is characterized by diarrhea and ill-thrift. The aim of this study is to describe a PE outbreak in rabbits that occurred in Southern Brazil. The farm had 700 rabbits at the time the outbreak occurred. The clinical signs were severe diarrhea, dehydration, and apathy. Necropsy was performed in 33 rabbits, and the most evident macroscopic findings were thickening of the intestinal wall, intestinal loops distended by large amounts of gas, and liquid feces. Histopathological examination demonstrated a marked proliferation of enterocytes in intestinal crypts, decrease number of goblet cells, and crypts microabscesses. Silver impregnation technique (Warthin-Starry) demonstrated in intestinal crypts inside of enterocytes cytoplasm, curved vibrioid bacteria compatible with L. intracellularis. Immunohistochemical staining with anti-L. intracellularis confirmed the agent presence. PCR was performed and L. intracellularis was confirmed as the etiological agent.

A enteropatia proliferativa (EP), também conhecida como ileíte, é uma doença causada pela bactéria Lawsonia intracellularis, que é caracterizada por diarreia com redução do ganho de peso. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever um surto de EP em coelhos na região sul do Brasil. A propriedade possuía 700 coelhos, durante o período do surto. O quadro clínico caracterizava-se por diarreia severa, desidratação e apatia. Realizou-se o exame de necropsia em 33 coelhos, e as alterações macroscópicas mais evidentes eram: alças intestinais acentuadamente distendidas por gás e fezes líquidas, além de serosa rugosa e parede intestinal moderadamente espessada. Na análise histopatológica do intestino delgado visualizou se marcada hiperplasia de enterócitos de criptas, moderada diminuição do número de células caliciformes e microabscessos de criptas. A etiologia das lesões foi confirmada pela técnica de impregnação pela prata (Warthin-Starry), evidenciando bactérias vibrioides compatíveis com L. intracellularis no ápicede enterócitos das criptas intestinais. Ainda, foi obtida imunomarcação positiva de enterócitos de criptas na imuno-histoquímica com anticorpo anti-L. intracellularis e a PCR positiva em amostras de intestino.

Proliferative enteropathy caused by Lawsonia intracellularis in rabbits in Southern Brazil / Enteropatia proliferativa por Lawsonia intracellularis em coelhos no Sul do Brasil

Proliferative enteropathy (PE), also known as ileitis, is a disease caused by the bacterium Lawsonia intracellularis. This disease is characterized by diarrhea and ill-thrift. The aim of this study is to describe a PE outbreak in rabbits that occurred in Southern Brazil. The farm had 700 rabbits at the time the outbreak occurred. The clinical signs were severe diarrhea, dehydration, and apathy. Necropsy was performed in 33 rabbits, and the most evident macroscopic findings were thickening of the intestinal wall, intestinal loops distended by large amounts of gas, and liquid feces. Histopathological examination demonstrated a marked proliferation of enterocytes in intestinal crypts, decrease number of goblet cells, and crypts microabscesses. Silver impregnation technique (Warthin-Starry) demonstrated in intestinal crypts inside of enterocytes cytoplasm, curved vibrioid bacteria compatible with L. intracellularis. Immunohistochemical staining with anti-L. intracellularis confirmed the agent presence. PCR was performed and L. intracellularis was confirmed as the etiological agent.(AU)

A enteropatia proliferativa (EP), também conhecida como ileíte, é uma doença causada pela bactéria Lawsonia intracellularis, que é caracterizada por diarreia com redução do ganho de peso. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever um surto de EP em coelhos na região sul do Brasil. A propriedade possuía 700 coelhos, durante o período do surto. O quadro clínico caracterizava-se por diarreia severa, desidratação e apatia. Realizou-se o exame de necropsia em 33 coelhos, e as alterações macroscópicas mais evidentes eram: alças intestinais acentuadamente distendidas por gás e fezes líquidas, além de serosa rugosa e parede intestinal moderadamente espessada. Na análise histopatológica do intestino delgado visualizou se marcada hiperplasia de enterócitos de criptas, moderada diminuição do número de células caliciformes e microabscessos de criptas. A etiologia das lesões foi confirmada pela técnica de impregnação pela prata (Warthin-Starry), evidenciando bactérias vibrioides compatíveis com L. intracellularis no ápicede enterócitos das criptas intestinais. Ainda, foi obtida imunomarcação positiva de enterócitos de criptas na imuno-histoquímica com anticorpo anti-L. intracellularis e a PCR positiva em amostras de intestino.(AU)

Anatomical investigation of the measurements, shape and arterial irrigation of the adrenal gland in New Zealand rabbits / Investigação anatômica das medidas, forma e irrigação arterial da glândula adrenal em coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia

Rabbits have been used as an experimental model in many studies. These studies are important not only for veterinary clinicians, but also for researchers in different fields. The aim of this research was to describe gross morphological measurement, shape and arterial supply of the adrenal glands in healthy New Zealand rabbits. Dissections were performed in 30 adult rabbits, 15 males and 15 females, without macroscopic adrenal pathology. Adrenal measurements were made with a digital caliper: length, width, and thickness. The origin of the adrenal arteries was also determined. Both adrenal glands were localized cranially to the respective kidneys. The mean of the right adrenal gland was 0.88 cm length, 0.42 cm width and 0.16 cm thickness; the left gland measured 0.72 cm, 0.46 cm, and 0.17 cm, respectively. The right gland was significantly more elongated than the left (p = 0.0003) and the means of the measurements did not differ between sexes. Most of the right adrenal glands had a piriform shape (73.3%), whereas most of the left gland exhibited a "bean-shaped" aspect (60.0%). The arterial supply was found to arise from different arteries: lumbar, aorta, renal, caudal mesenteric, and testicular or ovarian. Comparatively, the descriptions of shape, position and arterial irrigation of the adrenal gland in rabbits are similar to those available in rodents. The data from the present investigation will assist in the interpretation of pathological and / or experimental findings in New Zealand rabbits.

Coelhos têm sido utilizados como modelo experimental em muitos estudos. Esses estudos são importantes não apenas para médicos veterinários, mas também para pesquisadores de diferentes campos. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi descrever as medidas morfológicas macroscópicas, forma e suprimento arterial das glândulas adrenais em coelhos saudáveis da raça Nova Zelândia. As dissecções foram realizadas em 30 coelhos adultos, 15 machos e 15 fêmeas, sem sinais macroscópicos de patologia adrenal. As medidas adrenais foram realizadas com paquímetro digital: comprimento, largura e espessura. A origem das artérias adrenais também foi determinada. Ambas as glândulas adrenais foram localizadas cranialmente nos respectivos rins. A média da glândula adrenal direita foi de 0,88 cm de comprimento, 0,42 cm de largura e 0,16 cm de espessura; a glândula esquerda mediu 0,72 cm, 0,46 cm e 0,17 cm, respectivamente. A glândula direita foi significativamente mais alongada que a esquerda (p = 0,0003) e as médias das medidas não diferiram entre os sexos. A maioria das glândulas adrenais direitas tinha uma forma piriforme (73,3%), enquanto a maioria da glândula esquerda exibia um aspecto em "forma de feijão" (60,0%). Verificou-se que o suprimento arterial provém de diferentes artérias: lombar, aorta, renal, mesentérica caudal e testicular ou ovariana. Comparativamente, as descrições de forma, posição e irrigação arterial da glândula adrenal em coelhos são semelhantes às disponíveis em roedores. Os dados da presente investigação ajudarão na interpretação de achados patológicos e / ou experimentais em coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia.

Planejando biotérios de roedores / Planning animal facilities for rodents

A edificação para manutenção e experimentação de roedores e lagomorfos, mais conhecida como biotério, é regulamentada por resolução normativa do Conselho Nacional de Controle de Experimentação Animal. Os ambientes, estruturas e detalhes construtivos definidos e preconizados, na normativa, são itens obrigatórios para que as instituições de ensino e pesquisa possam executar trabalhos com essas espécies animais. O efeito legal da normativa passou a vigorar a partir de dezembro de 2018. A abordagem do presente artigo é voltada a permitir uma percepção conceitual, mas ao mesmo tempo prática para a elaboração de projetos construtivos e adequações das instalações já existentes. Este trabalho apresenta limitações. Trata-se de um ensaio teórico baseado na experiência e observações do seu autor.

The facilities for the maintenance and experimentation of rodents and lagomorphs, better known as animal facilities, is regulated by a normative resolution of the National Council for the Control of Animal Experimentation. The environments, structures and constructive details defined and recommended, in the normative, are mandatory items to allow institutions of education and research execute works with these animal species. The legal effect of the regulations came into effect from December 2018. Although this article aims at allowing a conceptual perception, it also provides a practical view for the elaboration of constructive projects and adjustments of the existing facilities. This work presents limitations. It is a theoretical essay based on the experience and observations of its author.

Planejando biotérios de roedores / Planning animal facilities for rodents

A edificação para manutenção e experimentação de roedores e lagomorfos, mais conhecida como biotério, é regulamentada por resolução normativa do Conselho Nacional de Controle de Experimentação Animal. Os ambientes, estruturas e detalhes construtivos definidos e preconizados, na normativa, são itens obrigatórios para que as instituições de ensino e pesquisa possam executar trabalhos com essas espécies animais. O efeito legal da normativa passou a vigorar a partir de dezembro de 2018. A abordagem do presente artigo é voltada a permitir uma percepção conceitual, mas ao mesmo tempo prática para a elaboração de projetos construtivos e adequações das instalações já existentes. Este trabalho apresenta limitações. Trata-se de um ensaio teórico baseado na experiência e observações do seu autor.(AU)

The facilities for the maintenance and experimentation of rodents and lagomorphs, better known as animal facilities, is regulated by a normative resolution of the National Council for the Control of Animal Experimentation. The environments, structures and constructive details defined and recommended, in the normative, are mandatory items to allow institutions of education and research execute works with these animal species. The legal effect of the regulations came into effect from December 2018. Although this article aims at allowing a conceptual perception, it also provides a practical view for the elaboration of constructive projects and adjustments of the existing facilities. This work presents limitations. It is a theoretical essay based on the experience and observations of its author.(AU)

Mammary gland malignant myoepithelioma in a domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Background: Malignant myoepithelioma is a rare neoplasm in humans and rats, poorly reported in dogs and not previously described in rabbits. This study aimed to report a case of malignant mammary myoepithelioma in a domestic rabbit(Oryctolagus cuniculus).Case: A domestic, hybrid, female, entire, nulliparous, 7-year-old rabbit was attended in the Veterinary Hospital Prof. Ricardo Alexandre Hippler at Universidade Vila Velha (UVV) with a history of apathy, lethargy and anorexia. In the clinicalexamination a 5 cm tumour was observed in the right abdominal mammary gland (M2), along with floating smaller lesionsin M1 and M3. There were no palpable abnormalities in the axillary and inguinal lymph nodes. Complete blood count andserum biochemistry were within the normal range. Fine needle aspiration was performed for cytopathological evaluationof the tumour in M2 and it was suggestive of a malignant glandular neoplasm, with probable epithelial origin. Completestaging included chest and abdominal radiographs, but they were unremarkable. The patient was submitted to a rightunilateral mastectomy, involving resection of the inguinal lymph node. The sample was sent to the Laboratory of AnimalPathology of UVV for routine histological evaluation. Histopathological evaluation in M2 was compatible with malignantmyoepithelioma based on the literature, while nodules in M1 and M3 were classified as mammary cysts. The inguinal lymphnode showed no significant abnormalities. An immunohistochemical panel was performed in the Comparative PathologyLaboratory of the Institute of Biological Sciences of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), using immunomarkers (pan-cytokeratin, p63 and vimentin) to characterize the tumour and confirm its diagnosis. Immunohistochemistryrevealed expression of p63, and was negative for pan-cytokeratin and vimentin, which confirmed the myoepithelial origin,without involvement of the epithelial compartment...(AU)

Origin and antimeric distribution of the obturator nerves in the New Zealand rabbits / Origem e distribuição antimérica dos nervos obturatórios em coelhos Nova Zelândia

New Zealand rabbits are widely used as experimental models and represent an important casuistic in veterinary practices. The musculoskeletal conformation of rabbits frequently leads to the occurrence of lumbosacral lesions with neural involvement. In order to contribute to the comparative anatomy and the understanding of these lesions, the origin and distribution of the obturator nerves of 30 New Zealand rabbits (15 males and 15 females) previously fixed in 10% formaldehyde were studied by dissection. The obturator nerves were originated from the ventral spinal branches of L6 and L7 in 63.3% of the cases, L5 and L6 in 13.4%, only L7 in 13.4%, L7 and S1 in 6.6 % and of L6, L7 and S1 in 3.3%. The spinal segment that most contributed to the formation of the nerve was L7 (86.6% of the nerves). The obturator nerves emitted in all the specimens, a variable number of branches for the internal obturator, external obturator, pectineum, adductor and gracilis muscles. No significant differences were observed between the frequencies of the origin and muscular branches of the obturator nerves when comparing sex and antimers.

Coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia são amplamente usados como modelos experimentais e representam uma parcela importante dos atendimentos em consultórios veterinários. A conformação músculo-esquelética dos coelhos torna frequente a ocorrência de lesões lombossacrais com comprometimento neural. Visando contribuir para a anatomia comparada e no entendimento destas lesões, foram estudadas por dissecção a origem e a distribuição dos nervos obturatórios de 30 cadáveres de coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia (15 machos e 15 fêmeas) fixados previamente em formaldeído a 10%. O nervo obturatório formou-se a partir dos ramos ventrais de L6 e L7 em 63,3% dos casos, de L5 e L6 em 13,4%, apenas de L7 em 13,4%, de L7 e S1 em 6,6% e de L6, L7 e S1 em 3,3%. O segmento espinhal que mais contribuiu para a formação do nervo foi L7 (86,6% dos nervos). Os nervos obturatórios emitiram em todos os animais, número variável de ramos para os músculos obturador interno, obturador externo, pectíneo, adutor e grácil. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre as frequências da origem e de ramos musculares dos nervos obturatórios quando comparados sexo e antímeros.

Spatiotemporal ecology of two Neotropical herbivorous mammals

On this study, we used camera traps in a Semi deciduous Seasonal Forest, northeast of Brazil, to estimate the frequencies of occurrence of two Neotropical herbivorous mammals: the spotted paca (Cuniculus paca) and the tapeti (Sylvilagus brasiliensis), analyzing their seasonal variations of spatial distribution. We also characterized the activity pattern of the species and their seasonal variation. The herbivorous frequencies of occurrence were constant during all the seasons. In general, both species were mostly active at night. However, between the rainy and dry season, we identified differences in spotted paca activity peaks. Here we present one of the first studies on the tapeti, whose ecology is understudied. Our results also show a general view of the spotted paca and tapeti behavior strategies to seasonal variations. Due to the scarce food resource in the dry season, possibly these herbivorous need to search for different kinds of food available IFS around.

Mammary gland malignant myoepithelioma in a domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Background: Malignant myoepithelioma is a rare neoplasm in humans and rats, poorly reported in dogs and not previously described in rabbits. This study aimed to report a case of malignant mammary myoepithelioma in a domestic rabbit(Oryctolagus cuniculus).Case: A domestic, hybrid, female, entire, nulliparous, 7-year-old rabbit was attended in the Veterinary Hospital Prof. Ricardo Alexandre Hippler at Universidade Vila Velha (UVV) with a history of apathy, lethargy and anorexia. In the clinicalexamination a 5 cm tumour was observed in the right abdominal mammary gland (M2), along with floating smaller lesionsin M1 and M3. There were no palpable abnormalities in the axillary and inguinal lymph nodes. Complete blood count andserum biochemistry were within the normal range. Fine needle aspiration was performed for cytopathological evaluationof the tumour in M2 and it was suggestive of a malignant glandular neoplasm, with probable epithelial origin. Completestaging included chest and abdominal radiographs, but they were unremarkable. The patient was submitted to a rightunilateral mastectomy, involving resection of the inguinal lymph node. The sample was sent to the Laboratory of AnimalPathology of UVV for routine histological evaluation. Histopathological evaluation in M2 was compatible with malignantmyoepithelioma based on the literature, while nodules in M1 and M3 were classified as mammary cysts. The inguinal lymphnode showed no significant abnormalities. An immunohistochemical panel was performed in the Comparative PathologyLaboratory of the Institute of Biological Sciences of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), using immunomarkers (pan-cytokeratin, p63 and vimentin) to characterize the tumour and confirm its diagnosis. Immunohistochemistryrevealed expression of p63, and was negative for pan-cytokeratin and vimentin, which confirmed the myoepithelial origin,without involvement of the epithelial compartment...

Surto de Pasteurelose por Pasteurella multocida tipo A em coelhos (Oryctolagus cuniculus) / Pasteurellosis outbreak due to Pasteurella multocida type A in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Background: Pasteurellosis is a common disease of cattle, pigs, and poultry, which rarely affects humans. In rabbits, therespiratory presentation of the disease is frequently reported. Clinical signs related to bronchopneumonia include sneezing, lung stertors, oculonasal discharge, dyspnea and cyanosis. Infection may lead to otitis, conjunctivitis, abscesses andsepsis. Furthermore, Pasteurella multocida infection may lead to sudden death without clinical manifestations. Reports ofpasteurellosis in rabbits are scarce in Brazil. Therefore, the objective of this article is to describe an outbreak of pasteurellosis with high mortality in a rabbity in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil.Cases: Two adult rabbits were submitted for necropsy at the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory of the Instituto Federal Catarinense- Campus Concórdia, within an interval of twenty days. Herd was represented by 40 animals, of which six fattening rabbits andthree breeders died. Animals were kept in suspended cages with slatted floor. Clinical signs were represented by prostration,sneezing, and mucopurulent nasal discharge. In addition, wounds were observed in the distal portion of the limbs. Death occurredup to two days after the onset of clinical signs. Necropsies were performed and tissue samples were collected for histopathologic,immunohistochemical and microbiologic (bacterial culture and antibiogram) exams. At the necropsy, severe diffuse fibrinousexudate covering the pericardium sac, visceral and parietal pleural surfaces was noted, as well as multiple diaphragm adhesions.In addition, the lungs presented diffuse red coloration and showed multiple abscesses ranging from 0.3 to 1cm in diameter. Thenasal sinus and the tracheal mucosa showed diffuse reddening (rabbits 1 and 2). Abscesses up to 2 cm in diameter were observedin the mammary glands (rabbit 1), heart and kidneys (rabbit 2). The urinary bladder...

Surto de Pasteurelose por Pasteurella multocida tipo A em coelhos (Oryctolagus cuniculus) / Pasteurellosis outbreak due to Pasteurella multocida type A in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Background: Pasteurellosis is a common disease of cattle, pigs, and poultry, which rarely affects humans. In rabbits, therespiratory presentation of the disease is frequently reported. Clinical signs related to bronchopneumonia include sneezing, lung stertors, oculonasal discharge, dyspnea and cyanosis. Infection may lead to otitis, conjunctivitis, abscesses andsepsis. Furthermore, Pasteurella multocida infection may lead to sudden death without clinical manifestations. Reports ofpasteurellosis in rabbits are scarce in Brazil. Therefore, the objective of this article is to describe an outbreak of pasteurellosis with high mortality in a rabbity in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil.Cases: Two adult rabbits were submitted for necropsy at the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory of the Instituto Federal Catarinense- Campus Concórdia, within an interval of twenty days. Herd was represented by 40 animals, of which six fattening rabbits andthree breeders died. Animals were kept in suspended cages with slatted floor. Clinical signs were represented by prostration,sneezing, and mucopurulent nasal discharge. In addition, wounds were observed in the distal portion of the limbs. Death occurredup to two days after the onset of clinical signs. Necropsies were performed and tissue samples were collected for histopathologic,immunohistochemical and microbiologic (bacterial culture and antibiogram) exams. At the necropsy, severe diffuse fibrinousexudate covering the pericardium sac, visceral and parietal pleural surfaces was noted, as well as multiple diaphragm adhesions.In addition, the lungs presented diffuse red coloration and showed multiple abscesses ranging from 0.3 to 1cm in diameter. Thenasal sinus and the tracheal mucosa showed diffuse reddening (rabbits 1 and 2). Abscesses up to 2 cm in diameter were observedin the mammary glands (rabbit 1), heart and kidneys (rabbit 2). The urinary bladder...(AU)

Origin and antimeric distribution of the obturator nerves in the New Zealand rabbits / Origem e distribuição antimérica dos nervos obturatórios em coelhos Nova Zelândia

New Zealand rabbits are widely used as experimental models and represent an important casuistic in veterinary practices. The musculoskeletal conformation of rabbits frequently leads to the occurrence of lumbosacral lesions with neural involvement. In order to contribute to the comparative anatomy and the understanding of these lesions, the origin and distribution of the obturator nerves of 30 New Zealand rabbits (15 males and 15 females) previously fixed in 10% formaldehyde were studied by dissection. The obturator nerves were originated from the ventral spinal branches of L6 and L7 in 63.3% of the cases, L5 and L6 in 13.4%, only L7 in 13.4%, L7 and S1 in 6.6 % and of L6, L7 and S1 in 3.3%. The spinal segment that most contributed to the formation of the nerve was L7 (86.6% of the nerves). The obturator nerves emitted in all the specimens, a variable number of branches for the internal obturator, external obturator, pectineum, adductor and gracilis muscles. No significant differences were observed between the frequencies of the origin and muscular branches of the obturator nerves when comparing sex and antimers.(AU)

Coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia são amplamente usados como modelos experimentais e representam uma parcela importante dos atendimentos em consultórios veterinários. A conformação músculo-esquelética dos coelhos torna frequente a ocorrência de lesões lombossacrais com comprometimento neural. Visando contribuir para a anatomia comparada e no entendimento destas lesões, foram estudadas por dissecção a origem e a distribuição dos nervos obturatórios de 30 cadáveres de coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia (15 machos e 15 fêmeas) fixados previamente em formaldeído a 10%. O nervo obturatório formou-se a partir dos ramos ventrais de L6 e L7 em 63,3% dos casos, de L5 e L6 em 13,4%, apenas de L7 em 13,4%, de L7 e S1 em 6,6% e de L6, L7 e S1 em 3,3%. O segmento espinhal que mais contribuiu para a formação do nervo foi L7 (86,6% dos nervos). Os nervos obturatórios emitiram em todos os animais, número variável de ramos para os músculos obturador interno, obturador externo, pectíneo, adutor e grácil. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre as frequências da origem e de ramos musculares dos nervos obturatórios quando comparados sexo e antímeros.(AU)

Spatiotemporal ecology of two Neotropical herbivorous mammals

On this study, we used camera traps in a Semi deciduous Seasonal Forest, northeast of Brazil, to estimate the frequencies of occurrence of two Neotropical herbivorous mammals: the spotted paca (Cuniculus paca) and the tapeti (Sylvilagus brasiliensis), analyzing their seasonal variations of spatial distribution. We also characterized the activity pattern of the species and their seasonal variation. The herbivorous frequencies of occurrence were constant during all the seasons. In general, both species were mostly active at night. However, between the rainy and dry season, we identified differences in spotted paca activity peaks. Here we present one of the first studies on the tapeti, whose ecology is understudied. Our results also show a general view of the spotted paca and tapeti behavior strategies to seasonal variations. Due to the scarce food resource in the dry season, possibly these herbivorous need to search for different kinds of food available IFS around.(AU)

Anatomia microscópica e ultraestrutura do joelho da paca (Cuniculus paca Linnaeus, 1766)

ABSTRACT: Paca (Cuniculus paca), one of the largest rodent of the Brazilian fauna, has characteristics inherent to the species that can contribute as a new experimental animal; so, considering that there is a growing search for experimental models suitable for orthopedic and surgical research, it was analyzed and described in detail the microscopic and ultrastructural anatomy of the stifle in this rodent. The collateral ligaments are composed of bundles of collagen fibers arranged in parallel and in wavy path. Fibroblasts formed parallel rows to the collagen fibers; concerning the collateral ligaments, they presented imperceptible cytoplasm at light microscopy, but at ultrastructure analysis they presented several cytoplasmic processes. At the microscopic level, the stifle of paca resembles the domestic animals, rodents and lagomorphs.

RESUMO: A paca (Cuniculus paca), um dos maiores roedores da fauna brasileira, possui características inerentes à sua espécie que podem contribuir como uma nova opção de animal experimental; assim, considerando-se que há crescente busca por modelos experimentais apropriados para ortopedia e pesquisas cirúrgicas, foram analisados e descritos em detalhes a anatomia microscópica e ultraestrutural do joelho desse roedor. Os ligamentos colaterais são constituídos por feixes de fibras colágenas arranjadas paralelamente e com trajeto ondulado. Os fibroblastos formavam fileiras paralelas às fibras colágenas; quanto aos ligamentos colaterais, estes apresentaram citoplasma imperceptível à avaliação por microscopia de luz, entretanto, em análise ultraestrutural verificou-se vários prolongamentos citoplasmáticos. Microscopicamente, as estruturas presentes no joelho da paca assemelham-se às dos animais domésticos, roedores e lagomorfos.

Corneal endothelial cell density and morphology in rabbits eyes using contact specular microscopy / Densidade celular e morfologia das células do endotélio da córnea de coelhos obtidas com microscopia especular

The goal of this study was to describe the normal values of corneal endothelial cell density and hexagonality in healthy rabbits eyes using contact specular microscopy. Both eyes of 18 rabbits, males and females, of different ages were evaluated. The eyes were divided into three groups of 12 each according to the age range of the animals: G1 (6 months old), G2 (12 months old), and G3 (48 months old). Parameters studied included mean endothelial cell density and hexagonality. For Group I, the mean cell density was 2307 cells per mm2. For GII, the mean cell density was 1895 cells per mm2. For G III, the mean cell density was 1818 cells per mm2. Cell density decreased significantly with aging (P 0.001) among the three groups. Pleomorphism in the rabbits of GI was 74.33±10.08. In the rabbits of GII it was 71.83±11.38. In the rabbits of GIII it was 64.02±28.80. Significant differences (P 0.001) were evident between GI and GIII and GII and GIII but not between Groups I and II. The results showed a decrease in number of cells and hexagonality with aging. Corneal endothelium of rabbits suffers changes due to advancing age both in terms of cell density and morphology.

Objetivou-se avaliar a densidade celular e a hexagonalidade do endotélio da cَrnea de coelhos saudلveis usando um microscَpio especular de contato. Os dois olhos de 18 coelhos, machos ou fêmeas, de diferentes idades foram avaliados. Os olhos foram separados em três grupos de 12 olhos cada em funçمo da idade: G1 (6 meses de idade), G2 (12 meses de idade) e G3 (48 meses de idade). Os parâmetros estudados incluيram a densidade celular e a hexagonalidade. Para o Grupo I, a densidade celular média foi de 2307 células por mm2. Para GII, a densidade celular média foi de 1895 células por mm2. Para G III, a densidade celular média foi de 1818 células por mm2. A densidade celular diminuiu significativamente com o envelhecimento (P 0,001) entre os três grupos. O pleomorfismo nos coelhos de GI foi de 74,33±10,08. Nos coelhos do GII foi 71,83±11,38. Nos coelhos de GIII foi de 64,02±28,80. Diferenças significativas (P 0,001) foram evidentes entre GI e GIII e GII e GIII, mas nمo entre os Grupos I e II. Os resultados revelaram diminuiçمo da densidade celular e da hexagonalidade com o avanço da idade. O endotélio da cَrnea de coelhos sofre alteraçُes devido ao avanço da idade tanto na densidade celular e quanto na morfologia.