Effect of 20 mg fluorogestone acetate (FGA) sponges on reproductive parameters of dairy ovine breeds in Southern Italy

Background: Intravaginal devices containing progestins are widely used for oestrus synchronization in sheep. Progestins give economic benefits to farmers but may have some limitations and the efficacy strictly depends on farm management. There are different devices, with different molecules (progesterone, medroxyprogesterone acetate, fluorogestone acetate), different dosages and long (12-14 days) and short-term (5-7 days) protocols. Experimental studies often include a limited number of animals and are held at different latitudes and with different system of management. To our knowledge, there are few reports in the literature on field application of the recently licensed 20 mg fluorogestone acetate (FGA) sponges in large ewe flocks, excluding the registration trials. Materials, Methods & Results: This study was designed to evaluate oestrous synchronization in 2 different breeds. A total of 1100 Lacaune (L) and 618 Sarda (S) were assigned to 8 groups, comparing multiparous (M) and nulliparous (N) and those synchronized in November (n) and May (m). The groups were: LMm (n. 556), LNm (n. 180), SMm (n. 70), SNm (n. 32), LMn (n. 242), LNn (n. 222), SMn (n. 440) e SNn (n. 76). The intravaginal sponge was inserted for 14 days. At sponge withdrawal, eCG (400 IU, IM) was injected, and rams were joined into flocks 30 h later with a male/female ratio of 1:8. Transrectal ultrasonography was performed for pregnancy diagnosis after 30 days. Fertility parameters such as oestrus (OR), pregnancy (PR), lambing rates (LR) and prolificacy were calculated. Fisher exact test was used to compare parameters of each group with the corresponding and significance was set at P < 0.01. The use of intravaginal sponges in this study was easily performed in all animals. In nulliparous groups, digital insertion of the sponge, instead of the applicator, was preferred to avoid discomfort. Sponge loss was observed in 2% of treated ewes. At the removal of the sponge, mild vaginal contamination was observed in 90% of the ewes. Ultrasound finding of embryo resorption, pseudopregnancy and pyometra were found in rates under 2%. The loss of pregnancy ranged from 0 to 3.6% without significant differences among groups. The SMn group showed the best performances (0.91 OR, 0.88 PR, 0.85 LR), significantly higher than the other groups. Prolificacy was maximum in the LMn (1.68) and minimum in the SNm group (1.06), without significant differences among groups. Discussion: The 14-day regimen based on 20 mg FGA-releasing intravaginal devices is an easy and satisfactory synchronization regimen to improve the productivity and the fertility of sheep farm, and this can be managed and optimized in different breeding conditions. In this study, Sarda breed shows a good adaption to the environment with adult ewes giving the best results in reproductive season. However young Sarda ewes were less productive especially in non-breading season. Lacaune showed good reproductive potential, young and adult ewes responded to progestins in reproductive and non-reproductive season. It was confirmed that the reproductive performance is affected by season, age, and breed. This study encourages the breeding of indigenous breeds by implementing the management with modern technologies. The imported highly productive breeds, if well managed, can give a production less influenced by seasonal variables and age.

Influence of eCG and reproductive management in the resynchronization of ovulation in dairy goats

Resynchronization protocols have been proposed as a way of shortening females' unproductive time in the flock, with good results in cattle and sheep. In goats, initial studies have shown that a second progestogen device inserted before luteolysis and pregnancy diagnosis does not interfere with the corpus luteum lifespan or functionality. This study aimed to evaluate the follicular growth, ovulation pattern and pregnancy rate after insertion of a second and new progestogen device for resynchronizing, with or without equine Chorionic Gonadotrophin (eCG), submitted to natural mating (NM) or artificial insemination (AI) to propose a viable resynchronization protocol for dairy goats. A total of 38 multiparous Saanen goats underwent a short-term progesterone protocol [six days exposed to medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP) intravaginal sponges + 200 IU eCG and 0.12 mg of cloprostenol sodium on the 5th day + 0.025 mg of lecirelin 34 hours after sponge withdrawal] and, on day 16th after the ovulation, received a new MAP device which was retained until day 21. At this moment females were split into four groups: GeCG+NM ­ 100 IU eCG with NM; GSal+NM ­ saline solution with NM; GeCG+AI ­ 100 IU eCG with AI; and GSal+AI ­ saline solution with AI. Ultrasound scans were performed every 12 h from sponge withdrawal (day 21) until 108 h after sponge withdrawal (day 25) for follicular dynamics evaluation, at 240 h (day 31) for assessing the presence of active corpus luteum, and on day 60 for pregnancy diagnosis. No differences were found regarding ovulation time, synchronization and follicle size. However, GeCG+NM presented a greater estrus manifestation rate (100%) and pregnancy rate (62.5%) when compared to GSal+AI. In conclusion, resynchronization protocols in dairy goats may present satisfactory results.(AU)

Application of hormonal subdoses at the Bai Hui acupoint for estrus synchronization in sheep / Aplicação de subdoses hormonais no ponto de acupuntura Bai Hui para sincronização de estro em ovelhas

Here, the efficiency of applying subdoses of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) at the Bai Hui (BH) acupoint for estrus synchronization in sheep was evaluated. Thirty Santa Inês ewes received intravaginal sponges containing 60 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate for 7 days. The animals were divided into five treatments (T) (n=6): T1 (control), 132.5 µg PGF2α (100% of dose) and 300 IU eCG (100% of dose), both intramuscularly (IM); T2, 39.75 µg PGF2α (30% of dose) at the BH acupoint and 300 IU eCG (100% of dose) IM; T3, 132.5 µg PGF2α (100% of dose) IM and 90 IU eCG (30% of dose) at the BH acupoint; T4, 39.75 µg PGF2α (30% of dose) and 90 IU eCG (30% of dose), both at the BH acupoint; and T5, 39.75 µg PGF2α (30% of dose) and 90 IU eCG (30% of dose) both at a false acupoint (IM, at the same location as in T1). After 12 h of sponge removal and hormone application, the ewes were subjected to monitoring for estrus and mating and ultrasound assessments of follicular growth and ovulation time every 12 h. The data were evaluated for normality and subjected to analysis of variance, considering a 5% probability. There were no differences in the percentage of animals in estrus (93.3±9.1%), interval from sponge removal to estrus onset (48.1±6.0 h), interval from sponge removal to estrus end (69.6±5.4 h), duration of estrus (24.0±4.7 h), interval from sponge removal to ovulation (73.7±5.9 h), interval from estrus onset to ovulation (26.5±2.3 h), size of the largest follicle (6.7±0.4 mm), follicular growth rate (0.8±0.1 mm•day-1), number of ovulations (1.3±0.1), and plasma progesterone levels 7 days after ovulation (9.6±2.0 ng•mL-1). The cost of the synchronization protocol per animal was US$ 4.37, 4.12, 2.96, 2.71, and 2.71 for T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5, respectively, with 37.99% cost reduction using PGF2α and eCG at 30% of the conventional doses. Therefore, the application of reduced PGF2α (39.75 µg) and eCG (90 IU) doses at the BH or false acupoint effectively synchronized estrus and reduced protocol cost in sheep, indicating that the conventional doses are overestimated.(AU)

Aqui, foi avaliada a eficiência da aplicação de subdoses de gonadotrofina coriônica equina (eCG) e prostaglandina F2α (PGF2α) no ponto de acupuntura Bai Hui (BH) para sincronização de estro em ovelhas. Trinta ovelhas Santa Inês receberam esponjas intravaginais contendo 60 mg de acetato de medroxiprogesterona por 7 dias. Os animais foram divididos em cinco tratamentos (T) (n=6): T1 (controle), 132,5 µg PGF2α (100% da dose) e 300 UI de eCG (100% da dose), ambos por via intramuscular (IM); T2, 39,75 µg de PGF2α (30% da dose) no ponto de acupuntura BH e 300 UI eCG (100% da dose) IM; T3, 132,5 µg PGF2α (100% da dose) IM e 90 UI eCG (30% da dose) no ponto de acupuntura BH; T4, 39,75 µg PGF2α (30% da dose) e 90 UI eCG (30% da dose), ambos no ponto de acupuntura BH; e T5, 39,75 µg PGF2α (30% da dose) e 90 UI eCG (30% da dose) ambos em um falso acuponto (IM, no mesmo local que em T1). Após 12 horas da retirada da esponja e aplicação do hormônio, as ovelhas foram submetidas ao monitoramento do estro e acasalamento, e avaliação ultrassonográfica do crescimento folicular e tempo de ovulação a cada 12 horas. Os dados foram avaliados quanto à normalidade e submetidos à análise de variância, considerando 5% de probabilidade. Não houve diferenças na porcentagem de animais em estro (93,3 ± 9,1%), intervalo da remoção da esponja ao início do estro (48,1 ± 6,0 h), intervalo da remoção da esponja ao final do estro (69,6 ± 5,4 h), duração do estro (24,0 ± 4,7 h), intervalo da remoção da esponja à ovulação (73,7 ± 5,9 h), intervalo do início do estro à ovulação (26,5 ± 2,3 h), tamanho do maior folículo (6,7 ± 0,4 mm), taxa de crescimento folicular (0,8 ± 0,1 mm•dia-1), número de ovulações (1,3 ± 0,1) e níveis de progesterona plasmática 7 dias após a ovulação (9,6 ± 2,0 ng•mL-1). O custo do protocolo de sincronização por animal foi de US $ 4,37, 4,12, 2,96, 2,71 e 2,71 para T1, T2, T3, T4 e T5, respectivamente, com redução de custo de 37,99% usando PGF2α e eCG a 30% das doses convencionais. Portanto, a aplicação de PGF2α (39,75 µg) e doses reduzidas de eCG (90 UI) no BH ou falso acuponto sincronizaram efetivamente o estro e reduziram o custo do protocolo em ovelhas, indicando que as doses convencionais estão superestimadas.(AU)

Severe mammary fibroepithelial hyperplasia due to single injection of medroxyprogesterone acetate in two male cats / Hiperplasia fibroadenomatosa mamária felina secundária à aplicação única de acetato de medroxiprogesterona em dois felinos machos

Thirty and forty days after a 50 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate injection, respectively, two mixed-breed, 7 and 8-month-old entire male cats presented diffuse enlargement of thoracic and abdominal mammary glands, with ulceration, abscessation and necrosis. One patient was treated with 10 mg/kg aglepristone, antibiotic therapy, analgesic and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compound; however a worse enlargement of mammary glands, necrosis and clinical condition was noted two days after antiprogestin injection. The second patient was submitted to surgical procedure without previous medical treatment. A partial bilateral mastectomy and conventional orchiectomy were performed, and both patients presented no clinical abnormalities 10 days after surgical treatment. In the male cat, the interruption of progesterone associated mammary fibroepithelial hyperplasia cannot be based in gonadectomy, being antiprogestin treatment the primary approach. Mastectomy can be a treatment option in selected cases, such as the two cases presented here, in case of antiprogestin treatment failure or in case of extensive ulceration, necrosis and risk of sepsis.(AU)

Trinta e quarenta dias após aplicação de acetato de medroxiprogesterona, dois gatos SRD machos não castrados, de sete e oito meses respectivamente, apresentaram aumento difuso de volume em glândulas mamárias torácicas e abdominais, com ulceração, abscedação e necrose. Um paciente foi tratado com 10 mg/kg de aglepristone, terapia antimicrobiana, analgésicos e anti-inflamatório não-esteroidal. Entretanto, apresentou piora dos sinais clínicos, da abscedação e necrose dois dias após a aplicação. O outro paciente foi submetido a procedimento cirúrgico sem tratamento clínico prévio. Mastectomia parcial bilateral e orquiectomia convencional foram realizadas e, ambos os pacientes se apresentaram sem alterações clínicas e receberam alta após 10 dias do procedimento cirúrgico. No felino macho, a interrupção da ação da progesterona associada à ocorrência de hiperplasia fibroadenomatosa mamária, não pode ser obtida por meio de gonadectomia, portanto, o tratamento de eleição deve ser realizado com utilização de antiprogestágeno. Em alguns casos, mastectomia parcial ou total é recomendada quando o tratamento clínico com antiprogestágeno falha ou, em casos de sepse, ulceração extensa e necrose, como nos pacientes deste relato.(AU)

Comparative analysis of the hormone production and gene expression profiles in ovine uterus tissue during oestrus cycle synchronized using medroxyprogesterone acetate plus eCG and prostaglandin analogue / Análise comparativa da produção de hormônios e perfis de expressão gênica em tecido uterino ovino durante o ciclo estral sincronizado usando acetato de medroxiprogesterona mais eCG e análogo de prostaglandina

The combination of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and gonadotropin chorionic (eCG) has been widely used to synchronize oestrus cycle in sheep, but their effects on the gene expression in uterine tissue are yet to be elucidated. To evaluate the effect of MPA + eCG or prostaglandin analogue (PA) treatments on the rate of oestrus cycle synchronization, as well as further hormone production and gene expression profiles in uterine tissue, 14 Santa Inês ewes were randomly selected. The MPA + eCG group (n=7) received intravaginal insertion of MPA-impregnated sponges for 14 days and was administered 350 IU eCG on the day of sponge withdrawal. The PA group (n=7) was administered two doses of 100 µg of PA separated by 12 days. The ewes were assessed for the rate of oestrus cycle synchronization and the serum concentrations of progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2). Additionally, the expression of estrogen receptor (ERα), progesterone receptor (P4R), and immunolocalization of interferon receptor (IFNAR1) in the uterine tissue samples collected 15th day post-mating were examined. The rate of oestrus cycle synchronization was 100% (n=7/7) and 57.14% (n=4/7) in the MPA + eCG and PA groups, respectively. Moreover, the MPA + eCG group exhibited higher serum concentration of P4 than the PA group (p < 0.05). However, the E2 serum concentration did not differ between the two groups (p > 0.05). The relative expression of P4R and ERα mRNA analyzed using real-time PCR and immunodetection of IFNAR1 were similar between the two groups tested (p > 0.05). Conclusively, MPA + eCG treatment improved the rate of oestrus cycle synchronization and endogenous P4 production; however, it did not affect the expression of sex steroid receptors and IFNAR1 in uterine ovine tissue.(AU)

A combinação de acetato de medroxiprogesterona (MPA) com gonadotrofina coriônica (eCG) é amplamente utilizada para sincronizar o estro de ovelhas, mas seus possíveis efeitos sobre a expressão gênica em tecido uterino não foram elucidados. Para avaliar o efeito dos protocolos MPA + eCG ou análogo de prostaglandina (PA) sobre a taxa de sincronização do estro, bem como na futura produção hormonal e expressão gênica em tecido uterino, 14 ovelhas Santa Inês foram selecionadas. O grupo MPA + eCG (n=7) recebeu a inserção de esponjas impregnadas de MPA por via intravaginal por 14 dias e 350 UI de eCG no dia da retirada da esponja. O grupo PA recebeu duas doses de 100 µg de PA administradas com 12 dias de intervalo. As ovelhas foram avaliadas quanto à taxa de sincronização do estro, concentração sérica de progesterona (P4) e estradiol (E2). Além disso, foram examinadas a expressão do receptor de estradiol (ERα), receptor de progesterona (P4R) e localização do receptor de interferon (IFNAR1), a partir de amostras de tecido uterino coletadas 15 dias após o acasalamento. A taxa de sincronização do estro foi 100% (n = 7/7) e 57,14% (n = 4/7) nos grupos MPA + eCG e PA, respectivamente. Além disso, o grupo MPA + eCG apresentou maior concentração sérica de P4 em comparação com o grupo PA (P < 0,05). No entanto, a concentração sérica de E2 não diferiu entre os grupos testados (P > 0,05). A expressão relativa de RNAm para P4R e ERα analisado por PCR em tempo real e imunodetecção de IFNAR1 foi semelhante entre os grupos testados (P > 0,05). Em conclusão, o tratamento com MPA + eCG melhora a taxa de sincronização do estro e a produção de progesterona endógena; contudo, não afeta a regulação da expressão de receptores de esteroides sexuais e IFNAR1 no tecido uterino de ovinos.(AU)

Uterine secretory activity and histology of prepubertal female dogs in an animal model of partial ablation of endometrial glands development / Atividade secretória uterina e histologia de cadelas pré-púberes em um modelo animal de ablação parcial do desenvolvimento das glândulas uterinas

Inadequate exposure of the female reproductive system to steroids in uterine developmental periods can partially inhibit the development of endometrial glands in dogs. However, the effects of steroids on the formed glands functionality remain unknown, as well as the possible occurrence of endometrial fibrosis. This study aimed to evaluate the secretory activity of endometrial glands in prebubertal female dogs submitted to a protocol of partial ablation of the uterine adenogenesis. Sixteen females of non-specific breed were distributed into two groups; MPA (n=8), females that received applications of medroxyprogesterone acetate every 3 weeks; and C (n=8) untreated control females. Ovariohysterectomy was performed in all animals at the age of 6 months and evaluated the uterine horns by histological and histochemistry exams. The secretion intensity (degrees 1-4) was evaluated using periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and alcian blue (AB) pH 2.5. Histological evaluation was performed using Masson's trichrome and toluidine blue. Only degree 1 and 2 marks for PAS were observed in both groups, with no difference of uterine secretion intensity between the groups regarding the degrees found. However, the MPA group revealed higher intensity of uterine secretion compared to group C (p<0.05). Staining with AB pH 2.5 also revealed only degree 1 and 2 marks in both groups, with no statistically significance between them. Masson's trichrome staining revealed no marks in the periglandular region in both groups. A higher among of mast cells was observed in the myometrial region of the uterus in both groups. Prepubertal female dogs with partial ablation of the uterine adenogenesis present minimal uterine secretory activity, absence of periglandular fibrosis and increased presence of mast cells in the myometrium compared to endometrium.(AU)

A exposição inadequada do sistema reprodutor feminino a esteróides em períodos do desenvolvimento uterino pode inibir parcialmente o desenvolvimento das glândulas endometriais em cães. Entretanto, não se conhece os efeitos dos esteróides sobre a funcionalidade das glândulas formadas, bem como a possível ocorrência de fibrose endometrial. Objetivou-se avaliar a atividade secretória das glândulas endometriais de cadelas pré-púberes submetidas a protocolo de ablação parcial da adenogênese uterina. Foram utilizadas 16 fêmeas, sem-raça-definida, distribuídas nos grupos MPA (n=8), fêmeas que receberam aplicações de acetato de medroxiprogesterona a cada 3 semanas, e C (n=8), fêmeas controle não tratadas. Aos seis meses de idade, foi realizada ovariohisterectomia em todos os animais, e avaliados os cornos uterinos pelo exame histológico e de histoquímica. Para avaliar a intensidade de secreção (graus 1-4), foram utilizadas periodic acid-Schiff e alcian blue (AB) pH 2,5. Para a avaliação histológica foram utilizados tricrômico de Masson e azul de toluidina. Apenas marcações graus 1 e 2 foram observadas para PAS em ambos os grupos, sem diferença na intensidade de secreção uterina entre grupos com relação aos graus encontrados. Entretanto, o grupo MPA apresentou maior intensidade de secreção uterina em relação ao grupo C (p<0,05). Com relação ao AB pH 2,5, em ambos os grupos também foram encontradas apenas marcações de graus 1 e 2, sem diferença estatística entre grupos. Não foram observadas marcações para a coloração de tricrômico de Masson na região periglandular, em ambos os grupos. Foi observada maior quantidade de mastócitos presentes no útero na região do miométrio, em ambos os grupos. Conclui-se que cadelas pré-púberes com ablação parcial da adenogênese uterina apresentam mínima atividade secretória uterina, ausência de fibrose periglandular e maior presença de mastócitos no miométrio em relação ao endométrio.(AU)

Uterine secretory activity and histology of prepubertal female dogs in an animal model of partial ablation of endometrial glands development / Atividade secretória uterina e histologia de cadelas pré-púberes em um modelo animal de ablação parcial do desenvolvimento das glândulas uterinas

Inadequate exposure of the female reproductive system to steroids in uterine developmental periods can partially inhibit the development of endometrial glands in dogs. However, the effects of steroids on the formed glands functionality remain unknown, as well as the possible occurrence of endometrial fibrosis. This study aimed to evaluate the secretory activity of endometrial glands in prebubertal female dogs submitted to a protocol of partial ablation of the uterine adenogenesis. Sixteen females of non-specific breed were distributed into two groups; MPA (n=8), females that received applications of medroxyprogesterone acetate every 3 weeks; and C (n=8) untreated control females. Ovariohysterectomy was performed in all animals at the age of 6 months and evaluated the uterine horns by histological and histochemistry exams. The secretion intensity (degrees 1-4) was evaluated using periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and alcian blue (AB) pH 2.5. Histological evaluation was performed using Masson's trichrome and toluidine blue. Only degree 1 and 2 marks for PAS were observed in both groups, with no difference of uterine secretion intensity between the groups regarding the degrees found. However, the MPA group revealed higher intensity of uterine secretion compared to group C (p<0.05). Staining with AB pH 2.5 also revealed only degree 1 and 2 marks in both groups, with no statistically significance between them. Masson's trichrome staining revealed no marks in the periglandular region in both groups. A higher among of mast cells was observed in the myometrial region of the uterus in both groups. Prepubertal female dogs with partial ablation of the uterine adenogenesis present minimal uterine secretory activity, absence of periglandular fibrosis and increased presence of mast cells in the myometrium compared to endometrium.(AU)

A exposição inadequada do sistema reprodutor feminino a esteróides em períodos do desenvolvimento uterino pode inibir parcialmente o desenvolvimento das glândulas endometriais em cães. Entretanto, não se conhece os efeitos dos esteróides sobre a funcionalidade das glândulas formadas, bem como a possível ocorrência de fibrose endometrial. Objetivou-se avaliar a atividade secretória das glândulas endometriais de cadelas pré-púberes submetidas a protocolo de ablação parcial da adenogênese uterina. Foram utilizadas 16 fêmeas, sem-raça-definida, distribuídas nos grupos MPA (n=8), fêmeas que receberam aplicações de acetato de medroxiprogesterona a cada 3 semanas, e C (n=8), fêmeas controle não tratadas. Aos seis meses de idade, foi realizada ovariohisterectomia em todos os animais, e avaliados os cornos uterinos pelo exame histológico e de histoquímica. Para avaliar a intensidade de secreção (graus 1-4), foram utilizadas periodic acid-Schiff e alcian blue (AB) pH 2,5. Para a avaliação histológica foram utilizados tricrômico de Masson e azul de toluidina. Apenas marcações graus 1 e 2 foram observadas para PAS em ambos os grupos, sem diferença na intensidade de secreção uterina entre grupos com relação aos graus encontrados. Entretanto, o grupo MPA apresentou maior intensidade de secreção uterina em relação ao grupo C (p<0,05). Com relação ao AB pH 2,5, em ambos os grupos também foram encontradas apenas marcações de graus 1 e 2, sem diferença estatística entre grupos. Não foram observadas marcações para a coloração de tricrômico de Masson na região periglandular, em ambos os grupos. Foi observada maior quantidade de mastócitos presentes no útero na região do miométrio, em ambos os grupos. Conclui-se que cadelas pré-púberes com ablação parcial da adenogênese uterina apresentam mínima atividade secretória uterina, ausência de fibrose periglandular e maior presença de mastócitos no miométrio em relação ao endométrio.(AU)

Hormonal protocols for the synchronization and induction of synchronized estrus in dairy ewes kept under tropical conditions

Background: Lacaune is an important sheep breed and shows reproductive seasonality which affects dairy product supply. The most common hormonal protocols are based on progesterone-releasing devices in order to reach reproductive activity. Due to international consumer demand for natural, green, and clean methods, such issues encourage the minimal or absent use of synthetic hormones in livestock. In this sense, the present study tested the efficiency of induction and estrus synchronization protocols in lacaune ewes, considering: application interval of synthetic prostaglandin at the breeding season; length of synthetic progesterone exposure; and eCG dose at the outbreeding season. Materials, Methods & Results: In study 1: 52 ewes were submitted to estrus synchronization protocol using two doses of d-cloprostenol 7 or 9 days apart. In study 2: 47 ewes were submitted to estrus induction protocol using an intravaginal device containing 60 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate maintained for 6, 9, or 12 days. In study 3: 46 ewes were submitted to synchronized estrus induction protocol using intravaginal progesterone device for six days. On the fifth day, d-cloprostenol and 300 IU or 400 IU of eCG were administered. For all studies, signs of estrus beginning/ending were recorded and natural mating was performed. After 30 days, transrectal ultrasound was performed for pregnancy diagnosis. In study 1, groups presented similar rate of estrus behavior (78.8%) and pregnancy (average 75.6%). Meanwhile, compared to G9days (37.8 ± 7.2 h), interval between the second dose of prostaglandin and beginning of estrus was smaller in G7days (31.5 ± 7.8 h). No difference was found among variables studied in study 2 (P > 0.05), nevertheless the SD for the estrus duration was shorter (P < 0.05) in G6days and G12 days when compared with the G9days . Equally, the SD...

Effects of omega-6/3 and omega-9/6 nutraceuticals on pain and fertility in peritoneal endometriosis in rats

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of the nutraceuticals omega-6/3 and omega-9/6 on endometriosis-associated infertility and pain. Methods: Controlled experimental study, with each group composed of eight female rats. Fertility groups: sham-operated control (0.9% saline solution); control with endometriosis (0.9% saline); omega-6/3 (1.2 g/kg/day); omega-9/6 (1.2 g/kg/day); and meloxicam (0.8 mg/kg/day). Pain groups: sham-operated control (0.9% saline); control with endometriosis (0.9% saline); omega-6/3 (1.2 g/kg/day); omega-9/6 (1.2 g/kg/day); medroxyprogesterone acetate (5 mg/kg/every 3 days); and meloxicam (0.8 mg/kg/day). Peritoneal endometriosis was surgically induced. Pain was evaluated with the writhing test. Fertility was evaluated by counting the number of embryos in the left hemi-uterus. Results: The mean number of writhings was as follows: sham-operated, 11.1 ± 2.9; control with endometriosis, 49.3 ± 4.4; omega-6/3, 31.5 ± 2.7; omega-9/6, 34.1 ± 4.5; medroxyprogesterone acetate, 2.1 ± 0.8; meloxicam, 1 ± 0.3. There was a significant difference between both controls and all drugs used for treatment. Regarding fertility, the mean values were as follows: sham-operated, 6.8 ± 0.6; control with endometriosis, 4.2 ± 0.7; omega-6/3, 4.7 ± 1; omega-9/6, 3.8 ± 0.9; and meloxicam, 1.8 ± 0.9. Conclusions: The omega-6/3 and omega-9/6 nutraceuticals decreased pain compared to the controls. There was no improvement in fertility in any of the tested groups.(AU)

Use of hormonal subdoses applied in Bai Hui acupuncture in estrus synchronization protocols for goats / Uso de subdoses hormonais aplicadas no acuponto Bai Hui em protocolos de sincronização de estro para cabras

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of delivering reduced doses of hormones via the Bai Hui acupoint in estrus synchronization in goats. A total of 40 goats received intravaginal sponges with medroxyprogesterone acetate for 7 days. The goats were then randomly distributed into 5 treatment: T1 - application of 132.5 μg of cloprostenol and 300 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), both by intramuscular injection (IM); T2 - application of 39.75 μg cloprostenol at the Bai Hui acupoint, and 300 IU of eCG by IM; T3 - application of 132.5 μg of cloprostenol by IM, and 90 IU of eCG at the Bai Hui acupoint; T4 - application of 39.75μg of cloprostenol and 90 UI of eCG, both in Bai Hui and T5 acupuncture: application of 39.75μg of cloprostenol and 90 UI of eCG, both applied in false acupoint. The goats were subjected to an estrus synchronization protocol and monitored for estrus detection, coverage and evaluation of reproductive parameters to detect entry into estrus. The data were subjected to normality tests, followed by appropriate statistical analyses of each variable. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the percentage of animals in estrus (95.00 ± 11.18%), interval between sponge removal and beginning of estrus (49.72 ± 8.93 h), interval between sponge removal and end of estrus (76.84 ± 11.98 h), duration of estrus (27.08 ± 8.68 h), size of the largest follicle (6.82 ± 0.44 mm), interval between sponge removal and ovulation (78.28 ± 10.82 h), time from ovarian onset to estrus (28.52 ± 5.44 h), follicular growth rate (0.86 ± 0.29 mm/day), number of ovulations (1.32 ± 0.23), plasma progesterone concentration at 7 days after ovulation (10.28 ± 1.65 ng.mL-1), and gestation rate at 30 days after the beginning of estrus (75 ± 12.5%). However, the cost of the synchronization protocol per animal was 43.42% lower in treatments 4 and 5 (30% of the doses) than in treatment 1 (100% of the dose)...(AU)

O objetivo com o estudo foi avaliar a utilização de subdoses hormonais aplicadas no acuponto Bai Hui em protocolos de sincronização de estro em cabras. Foram utilizadas 40 cabras, as quais receberam esponjas intravaginais com acetato de medroxiprogesterona durante 7 dias, quando foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em 5 tratamentos: T1: aplicação de 132,5μg de cloprostenol e 300UI de eCG, ambos por via intramuscular (IM); T2: aplicação de 39,75μg de cloprostenol no acuponto Bai Hui e 300UI de eCG IM; T3: aplicação de 132,5μg de cloprostenol IM e 90UI de eCG no acuponto Bai Hui; T4: aplicação de 39,75μg de cloprostenol e 90UI de eCG, ambos no acuponto Bai Hui e T5: aplicação de 39,75μg de cloprostenol e 90UI de eCG, ambos aplicados em falso acuponto. As cabras foram submetidas à protocolo de sincronização de estro e monitoradas para detecção de estro, realização das coberturas e avaliação dos parâmetros reprodutivos. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de normalidade, seguido dos testes estatísticos adequados para cada variável. Não obteve-se diferença (p > 0,05) para porcentagem de animais em estro (95,00 ± 11,18%), intervalo da retirada da esponja ao início do estro (49,72 ± 8,93h), intervalo da retirada da esponja ao final do estro (76,84 ± 11,98h), duração do estro (27,08 ± 8,68h), tamanho do maior folículo (6,82 ± 0,44mm), intervalo da retirada da esponja à ovulação (78,28 ± 10,82h), intervalo do início do estro à ovulação (28,52 ± 5,44h), taxa de crescimento folicular (0,86 ± 0,29mm/dia), número de ovulações (1,32 ± 0,23), concentração de progesterona plasmática aos 7 dias após ovulação (10,28 ± 1,65ng.mL-1) e para taxa de gestação aos 30 dias (75 ± 12,5%). Porém, o custo do protocolo de sincronização por animal foi 43,42% menor para os tratamentos T4 e T5 (30% da dose) comparado com o T1 (100% da dose)...(AU)

Use of hormonal subdoses applied in Bai Hui acupuncture in estrus synchronization protocols for goats / Uso de subdoses hormonais aplicadas no acuponto Bai Hui em protocolos de sincronização de estro para cabras

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of delivering reduced doses of hormones via the Bai Hui acupoint in estrus synchronization in goats. A total of 40 goats received intravaginal sponges with medroxyprogesterone acetate for 7 days. The goats were then randomly distributed into 5 treatment: T1 - application of 132.5 μg of cloprostenol and 300 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), both by intramuscular injection (IM); T2 - application of 39.75 μg cloprostenol at the Bai Hui acupoint, and 300 IU of eCG by IM; T3 - application of 132.5 μg of cloprostenol by IM, and 90 IU of eCG at the Bai Hui acupoint; T4 - application of 39.75μg of cloprostenol and 90 UI of eCG, both in Bai Hui and T5 acupuncture: application of 39.75μg of cloprostenol and 90 UI of eCG, both applied in false acupoint. The goats were subjected to an estrus synchronization protocol and monitored for estrus detection, coverage and evaluation of reproductive parameters to detect entry into estrus. The data were subjected to normality tests, followed by appropriate statistical analyses of each variable. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the percentage of animals in estrus (95.00 ± 11.18%), interval between sponge removal and beginning of estrus (49.72 ± 8.93 h), interval between sponge removal and end of estrus (76.84 ± 11.98 h), duration of estrus (27.08 ± 8.68 h), size of the largest follicle (6.82 ± 0.44 mm), interval between sponge removal and ovulation (78.28 ± 10.82 h), time from ovarian onset to estrus (28.52 ± 5.44 h), follicular growth rate (0.86 ± 0.29 mm/day), number of ovulations (1.32 ± 0.23), plasma progesterone concentration at 7 days after ovulation (10.28 ± 1.65 ng.mL-1), and gestation rate at 30 days after the beginning of estrus (75 ± 12.5%). However, the cost of the synchronization protocol per animal was 43.42% lower in treatments 4 and 5 (30% of the doses) than in treatment 1 (100% of the dose)...

O objetivo com o estudo foi avaliar a utilização de subdoses hormonais aplicadas no acuponto Bai Hui em protocolos de sincronização de estro em cabras. Foram utilizadas 40 cabras, as quais receberam esponjas intravaginais com acetato de medroxiprogesterona durante 7 dias, quando foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em 5 tratamentos: T1: aplicação de 132,5μg de cloprostenol e 300UI de eCG, ambos por via intramuscular (IM); T2: aplicação de 39,75μg de cloprostenol no acuponto Bai Hui e 300UI de eCG IM; T3: aplicação de 132,5μg de cloprostenol IM e 90UI de eCG no acuponto Bai Hui; T4: aplicação de 39,75μg de cloprostenol e 90UI de eCG, ambos no acuponto Bai Hui e T5: aplicação de 39,75μg de cloprostenol e 90UI de eCG, ambos aplicados em falso acuponto. As cabras foram submetidas à protocolo de sincronização de estro e monitoradas para detecção de estro, realização das coberturas e avaliação dos parâmetros reprodutivos. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de normalidade, seguido dos testes estatísticos adequados para cada variável. Não obteve-se diferença (p > 0,05) para porcentagem de animais em estro (95,00 ± 11,18%), intervalo da retirada da esponja ao início do estro (49,72 ± 8,93h), intervalo da retirada da esponja ao final do estro (76,84 ± 11,98h), duração do estro (27,08 ± 8,68h), tamanho do maior folículo (6,82 ± 0,44mm), intervalo da retirada da esponja à ovulação (78,28 ± 10,82h), intervalo do início do estro à ovulação (28,52 ± 5,44h), taxa de crescimento folicular (0,86 ± 0,29mm/dia), número de ovulações (1,32 ± 0,23), concentração de progesterona plasmática aos 7 dias após ovulação (10,28 ± 1,65ng.mL-1) e para taxa de gestação aos 30 dias (75 ± 12,5%). Porém, o custo do protocolo de sincronização por animal foi 43,42% menor para os tratamentos T4 e T5 (30% da dose) comparado com o T1 (100% da dose)...

Partial ablation of endometrial glands in dogs after exposure to progestin during the neonatal period

Bitches with uteri devoid of endometrial glands should be sterile, and consequently could contribute to the population control of dogs. Considering that an inadequate exposure of the female reproductive system to steroids can lead to the formation of the uterine gland knock-out (UGKO) phenotype in some species, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of serial applications of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) from birth until the age of six months on the development of endometrial glands in bitches. For this purpose, 16 female mongrel dogs from different litters were distributed into either an MPA group (n = 8), animals treated with 10 mg kg sc (Promone-E®, Pfizer, Brasil) at 3-week intervals, from day one after birth until the age of six months, or a control group (n = 8), composed of animals that only received a 0.9% NaCl solution in place of MPA. At six months of age, ovariohysterectomy was performed and uterine horn samples were collected for histological and immunohistochemical examinations. The bitches from the MPA-treated group presented a 35% decrease in the number of endometrial glands, a larger diameter of the endometrial glands, a greater epithelial height, as well as a greater thickness of the uterine wall, endometrium, and myometrium. However, no significant differences were observed between the two groups in the expression of ER-α, ER-β, and PR on the surface epithelium and endometrial stroma. Therefore, the serial application of MPA from birth until the age of 6 months do not completely ablate the development of the endometrial glands in bitches, but impair it by 35%.

Partial ablation of endometrial glands in dogs after exposure to progestin during the neonatal period

Bitches with uteri devoid of endometrial glands should be sterile, and consequently could contribute to the population control of dogs. Considering that an inadequate exposure of the female reproductive system to steroids can lead to the formation of the uterine gland knock-out (UGKO) phenotype in some species, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of serial applications of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) from birth until the age of six months on the development of endometrial glands in bitches. For this purpose, 16 female mongrel dogs from different litters were distributed into either an MPA group (n = 8), animals treated with 10 mg kg sc (Promone-E®, Pfizer, Brasil) at 3-week intervals, from day one after birth until the age of six months, or a control group (n = 8), composed of animals that only received a 0.9% NaCl solution in place of MPA. At six months of age, ovariohysterectomy was performed and uterine horn samples were collected for histological and immunohistochemical examinations. The bitches from the MPA-treated group presented a 35% decrease in the number of endometrial glands, a larger diameter of the endometrial glands, a greater epithelial height, as well as a greater thickness of the uterine wall, endometrium, and myometrium. However, no significant differences were observed between the two groups in the expression of ER-α, ER-β, and PR on the surface epithelium and endometrial stroma. Therefore, the serial application of MPA from birth until the age of 6 months do not completely ablate the development of the endometrial glands in bitches, but impair it by 35%.(AU)

Application of hormonal subdoses at acupoint Hou Hai in estrus synchronization protocols of goats / Aplicação de subdoses hormonais no acuponto Hou Hai em protocolos de sincronização de estro em caprinos

The objective was to evaluate the efficacy of hormonal subdoses at acupoint Hou Hai in estrus synchronization of goats. Sixty-nine females goats received intravaginal sponges containing 60 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate for seven days and were randomly distributed among three treatments: T1 (n = 23): application of 125 μg of PGF2α on the sixth day (D6) and 300 UI of eCG on the seventh day (D7), both intramuscularly (IM); T2 (n = 23) and T3 (n = 23): application 37.5 μg of PGF2α at D6 and 90 UI of eCG at D7, applied by Hou Hai acupuncture and false acupuncture (IM), respectively. The goats were subjected to hormonal protocol and monitored for the coverage and evaluation of reproductive parameters. The data were subjected to normality analysis, followed by appropriate statistical tests for each variable. Greater numbers of estrus goats were obtained in treatments one (T1 = 100%) and three (T3 = 91.3%) (p < 0.05). No difference was observed (p > 0.05) for sponge removal intervals at the beginning (35.9 h) and end (59.8 h) of estrus, and for the duration of estrus (24.7 h), gestation rate at 30 (77%) and 60 (76.7%) days, and prolificacy (1.9). The use of PGF2α and eCG in subdoses applied to the Hou Hai acupoint or false acupoint was efficient in synchronizing estrus in goats, based on the rate of gestation and prolificity of the animals.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar a eficácia de subdoses hormonais no acuponto Hou Hai na sincronização de estro em cabras. Sessenta e nove fêmeas receberam esponjas intravaginais com 60mg de acetato de medroxiprogesterona por sete dias, e distribuídas aleatoriamente em três tratamentos: T1 (n = 23): aplicação de 125 µg de PGF2α no sexto dia (D6) e 300UI de eCG no sétimo dia (D7), ambos por via intramuscular (IM); T2 (n=23) e T3 (n=23): receberam 37,5 µg de PGF2α no D6 e 90UI de eCG no D7, aplicados no acuponto Hou Hai e em falso acuponto (IM), respectivamente. As cabras foram submetidas ao protocolo hormonal e monitoradas para realização das coberturas e avaliação de parâmetros reprodutivos. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de normalidade, seguido dos testes estatísticos adequados para cada variável. Obteve-se maior número de cabras em estro nos tratamentos um (T1=100%) e três (T3=91,3%) (p < 0,05). Não houve diferença (p > 0,05) para os intervalos da retirada da esponja ao início (35,9h) e final (59,8h) do estro, bem como para a duração do estro (24,7h), taxa de gestação aos 30 (77%) e 60 (76,7%) dias, e prolificidade (1,9). O uso de subdoses de PGF2α e de eCG aplicados no acuponto Hou Hai ou em falso acuponto foram eficientes na sincronização de estro em caprinos, com base na taxa de gestação e prolificidade dos animais.(AU)

Agenesia unilateral del cuerno uterino y ovario derecho de gato: un informe de caso / Unilateral agenesis of the uterine horn and right ovary in cat: a case report / Agenesia unilateral do corno uterino e ovário direito em gata: relato de caso

El objetivo fue describir el hallazgo de agenesia uterina y ovárica en gata sometida a procedimiento para la mastectomía total de ovariohisterectomía y el tratamiento de la hiperplasia mamaria felina fibroepitelial. En este artículo se describe el caso de un felino, femenino, sin raza definida, de siete meses de edad con histórico de hinchazón de las mamas después de la administración de una dosis de anticonceptivos de acetato de medroxiprogesterona. De acuerdo con la historia clínica y el examen físico establecido el diagnóstico de la hiperplasia fibroepitelial felina. Para el tratamiento era la mastectomía completa y ovariohisterectomía (OSH). Durante la cirugía se comprobó la ausencia del cuerno uterino y ovario derecho. Este tipo de defecto puede pasar desapercibido porque los animales pueden no mostrar clínica y mostrar un comportamiento estral regular, siendo en su mayoría incidental encontrar y asume importancia, especialmente para la posibilidadde la aparición de diversas anomalías órganos con el mismo origen embriológico.(AU)

This study aimed to describe the finding of uterine and ovarian agenesis in cat after a total mastectomy procedure and ovariosalpingohisterectomy for treatment of feline mammary fibroepithelial hyperplasia. This paper described the case of a feline, female, without defined breed standard, seven months of age, it presented description of increase of mammary volume, after the administration of a dose of contraceptive medroxyprogesterone acetate. According to medical history and physical examination the diagnosis of feline fibroepithelial hyperplasia was established. For the treatment was opted to realize a complete mastectomy and ovaryhysterectomy (OSE). During the surgery was found the absence of the horn uterine and right ovary. This type of defect can go undetected since the animal may not present clinical and demonstrate the normal estrous behavior, and most often an incidental finding and assumes importance, especially for the possibility of the occurrence of various organs anomalies with the same origin embryological.(AU)

Objetivou-se descrever o achado de agenesia uterina e ovariana em gata submetida a procedimento de mastectomia total e ovariosalpingohisterectomia para tratamento de hiperplasia fibroepitelial mamária felina. O presente trabalho descreveu o caso de um felino, fêmea, sem padrão de raça definido, sete meses de idade com histórico de aumento de volume mamário após administração de uma dose de contraceptivo acetato de medroxiprogesterona. De acordo com a anamnese e o exame físico foi estabelecido o diagnóstico de hiperplasia fibroepitelial felina. Para o tratamento foi instituído a mastectomia total e a ovariosalpingohisterectomia (OSH). Durante o ato operatório constatou-se a ausência do corno uterino e ovário direito. Esse tipo de malformação pode passar despercebido já que o animal pode não apresentar alterações clínicas e demonstrar comportamento éstrico normal, sendo na maioria das vezes um achado incidental e assume importância, principalmente, pela possiblidade da ocorrência de anomalias de órgãos distintos com a mesma origem embriológica.(AU)

Agenesia unilateral del cuerno uterino y ovario derecho de gato: un informe de caso / Unilateral agenesis of the uterine horn and right ovary in cat: a case report / Agenesia unilateral do corno uterino e ovário direito em gata: relato de caso

El objetivo fue describir el hallazgo de agenesia uterina y ovárica en gata sometida a procedimiento para la mastectomía total de ovariohisterectomía y el tratamiento de la hiperplasia mamaria felina fibroepitelial. En este artículo se describe el caso de un felino, femenino, sin raza definida, de siete meses de edad con histórico de hinchazón de las mamas después de la administración de una dosis de anticonceptivos de acetato de medroxiprogesterona. De acuerdo con la historia clínica y el examen físico establecido el diagnóstico de la hiperplasia fibroepitelial felina. Para el tratamiento era la mastectomía completa y ovariohisterectomía (OSH). Durante la cirugía se comprobó la ausencia del cuerno uterino y ovario derecho. Este tipo de defecto puede pasar desapercibido porque los animales pueden no mostrar clínica y mostrar un comportamiento estral regular, siendo en su mayoría incidental encontrar y asume importancia, especialmente para la posibilidadde la aparición de diversas anomalías órganos con el mismo origen embriológico.

This study aimed to describe the finding of uterine and ovarian agenesis in cat after a total mastectomy procedure and ovariosalpingohisterectomy for treatment of feline mammary fibroepithelial hyperplasia. This paper described the case of a feline, female, without defined breed standard, seven months of age, it presented description of increase of mammary volume, after the administration of a dose of contraceptive medroxyprogesterone acetate. According to medical history and physical examination the diagnosis of feline fibroepithelial hyperplasia was established. For the treatment was opted to realize a complete mastectomy and ovaryhysterectomy (OSE). During the surgery was found the absence of the horn uterine and right ovary. This type of defect can go undetected since the animal may not present clinical and demonstrate the normal estrous behavior, and most often an incidental finding and assumes importance, especially for the possibility of the occurrence of various organs anomalies with the same origin embryological.

Objetivou-se descrever o achado de agenesia uterina e ovariana em gata submetida a procedimento de mastectomia total e ovariosalpingohisterectomia para tratamento de hiperplasia fibroepitelial mamária felina. O presente trabalho descreveu o caso de um felino, fêmea, sem padrão de raça definido, sete meses de idade com histórico de aumento de volume mamário após administração de uma dose de contraceptivo acetato de medroxiprogesterona. De acordo com a anamnese e o exame físico foi estabelecido o diagnóstico de hiperplasia fibroepitelial felina. Para o tratamento foi instituído a mastectomia total e a ovariosalpingohisterectomia (OSH). Durante o ato operatório constatou-se a ausência do corno uterino e ovário direito. Esse tipo de malformação pode passar despercebido já que o animal pode não apresentar alterações clínicas e demonstrar comportamento éstrico normal, sendo na maioria das vezes um achado incidental e assume importância, principalmente, pela possiblidade da ocorrência de anomalias de órgãos distintos com a mesma origem embriológica.

Efeito da melatonina em receptor de glicocorticoide e alterações teciduais após administração de progestina em ratos

As progestinas, como o acetato de medroxiprogesterona, são capazes de se ligar aos receptores de glicocorticoide e, quando em excesso, causar alterações clínicas compatíveis com as alterações desencadeadas pelo excesso de cortisol. A melatonina possui ação antiglicocorticoide e pode proporcionar benefícios em situações de ativação excessiva de receptores de glicocorticoides. Assim, esse estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar as alterações teciduais e a ativação do receptor de glicocorticoide após tratamento com acetato de medroxiprogesterona e verificar o efeito da melatonina associado a esse tratamento em ratos. Para tal, foram utilizados 34 ratos Wistar machos tratados por 28 dias, sendo grupo (1) controle, sem aplicação de substâncias; (2) SHAM com injeções subcutâneas diárias de solução salina, 0,8 mL/animal; (3) melatonina com injeções subcutâneas diárias 5mg/kg de melatonina; (4) acetato de medroxiprogesterona com injeções subcutâneas diárias de 25 mg/kg acetato de medroxiprogesterona; e (5) acetato de medroxiprogesterona e melatonina com injeções diárias de acetato de medroxiprogesterona (25 mg/kg) e de melatonina (5mg/kg) por via subcutânea. Após a eutanásia, foram coletados adrenal, testículo, fígado e rim para avaliação histológica (HE e PAS) e imuno-histoquímica. O AMP induziu atrofia da glândula adrenal, do testículo e do rim, além de promover esteatose hepática. O tratamento com melatonina reduziu o armazenamento de glicogênio hepático, atenuou de forma qualitativa as lesões induzidas pelo AMP e se mostrou promissor na redução da imunomarcação/ativação de receptores de glicocorticoide.

Progestins, such as medroxyprogesterone acetate, are able to bind to glucocorticoid receptors and, when in excess, cause clinical changes compatible with changes triggered by excessive cortisol. Melatonin has an anti-glucocorticoid action and may provide benefits in situations of excessive activation of glucocorticoid receptors. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate changes on tissues and activation of the glucocorticoid receptor after treatment with medroxyprogesterone acetate and verify the effect of melatonin associated with this treatment in rats. For this purpose, 34 male Wistar rats treated for 28 days were used, being group (1) control, without any injections; (2) SHAM with daily subcutaneous injections of saline solution, 0.8 mL/animal; (3) melatonin with daily subcutaneous injections of melatonin 5mg/kg; (4) medroxyprogesterone acetate with daily subcutaneous injections of medroxyprogesterone acetate 25 mg/kg; and (5) medroxyprogesterone acetate and melatonin with daily injections of medroxyprogesterone acetate (25 mg/kg) and melatonin (5 mg/kg) subcutaneously. After euthanasia, adrenal, testiscles, liver and kidney were collected for histological (HE and PAS) and immunohistochemical evaluation. AMP induced atrophy of the adrenal gland, testiscles and kidney, in addition to hepatic steatosis. Treatment with melatonin reduced hepatic glycogen storage; qualitatively, attenuated AMP-induced lesions, and showed promising results reducing glucocorticoid receptor immunostaining/activation.

Quantification of collagen fibers in canine uteri treated with medroxyprogesterone acetate

Collagen plays essential roles in remodeling uterine tissue during decidualization, implantation, pregnancy and involution. To understand whether the progestational agent medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) can modify the organization and deposit of collagen in the uteri of normal bitches (Canis Tlupus familiaris), we assessed uterine tissues by histochemistry. Uteri were grouped as: nulliparous (n=11), multiparous (n=11) and treated with MPA (n=11; nulliparous with two treatments; 5mg/kg; i.m.). The amount, location and birefringence of interstitial collagen types I and III in the fold and base of the endometrial stroma and the myometrial muscular layers were studied on sections stained with Picrosirius Red by polarized light microscopy and evaluated by ANOVA. No differences were observed in the endometrium. In the myometrium, differences were observed in collagen type I between MPA-treated and nulliparous uteri vs. multiparous (p<0.05), and differences in collagen type III between nulliparous and multiparous uteri vs. MPA-treated (p=0.0001). In conclusion, two doses of MPA had no significant effect on the investigated collagens in the extracellular matrix.(AU)

Quantification of collagen fibers in canine uteri treated with medroxyprogesterone acetate

Collagen plays essential roles in remodeling uterine tissue during decidualization, implantation, pregnancy and involution. To understand whether the progestational agent medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) can modify the organization and deposit of collagen in the uteri of normal bitches (Canis Tlupus familiaris), we assessed uterine tissues by histochemistry. Uteri were grouped as: nulliparous (n=11), multiparous (n=11) and treated with MPA (n=11; nulliparous with two treatments; 5mg/kg; i.m.). The amount, location and birefringence of interstitial collagen types I and III in the fold and base of the endometrial stroma and the myometrial muscular layers were studied on sections stained with Picrosirius Red by polarized light microscopy and evaluated by ANOVA. No differences were observed in the endometrium. In the myometrium, differences were observed in collagen type I between MPA-treated and nulliparous uteri vs. multiparous (p<0.05), and differences in collagen type III between nulliparous and multiparous uteri vs. MPA-treated (p=0.0001). In conclusion, two doses of MPA had no significant effect on the investigated collagens in the extracellular matrix.(AU)

PRODUÇÃO E COLETA DE EMBRIÕES PELO MÉTODO NÃO CIRÚRGICO EM OVELHAS MORADA NOVA

O objetivo do presente estudo foi viabilizar a produção e coleta de embriões pelo método não cirúrgico (NSER) em ovelhas Morada Nova, uma vez que o uso desta técnica pode contribuir para o Programa de Conservação de Recursos Genéticos desta importante raça brasileira, aumentando o número de embriões nos bancos de germoplasma. Este estudo foi realizado em duas etapas sendo que na primeira, foi comparada a produção de embriões in vivo de doadoras submetidas a diferentes protocolos de sincronização de estro e/ou superovulação. As ovelhas receberam esponjas intravaginais embebidas em 60 mg de acetato de medroxiprogesterona (MAP), as quais foram mantidas por seis (G6; n = 12), nove (G9; n = 12) ou 12 (G12; n = 12) dias. Metade das ovelhas em cada grupo permaneceu sincronizada (SYNCH) enquanto a outra metade foi superovulada (SOV) com hormônio folículo estimulante suíno (pFSH). Das variáveis analisadas, houve diferença no início do estro que ocorreu 10-12 h depois (P <0,01) em ovelhas G9SYNCH quando comparadas a G6SYNCH e G12SYNCH, e a duração do estro foi 19 h maior (P <0,01) em G9SOV do que em G6SOV. A duração média do procedimento de coleta foi de 32,6 ± 1,3 min. Pelo menos uma estrutura foi recuperada em 85,7% das ovelhas sincronizadas e em 87,5% das superovuladas. As taxas de recuperação de embriões viáveis também foram semelhantes (P> 0,05) para os grupos sincronizados e superovulados: G6 (1,0 ± 0,3 e 2,5 ± 1,5), G9 (1,3 ± 0,5 e 4,8 ± 2,0) e G12 (1,0 ± 0,3 e 4,8 ± 2,3). Conclui-se que o pré-tratamento com diferentes durações de progesterona pode ser empregado em ovelhas Morada Nova, resultando em taxas de recuperação embrionária viáveis em animais sincronizados e/ou superovulados. Na segunda etapa, procurou-se correlacionar quantidade de folículos acima de 2 mm de diâmetro no momento da última dose de pFSH com a resposta superovultória (número de corpos lúteos) e a produção de embriões (quantidade de blastocisto e qualidade embrionária) em ovelhas sincronizadas com os dois tratamentos mais promissores do experimento anterior (G9 e G12). A contagem total de folículos com diâmetro 2 mm dobrou entre a 1ª e a 6ª dose de pFSH em ambos os grupos de ovelhas (P <0,05). As respostas ao estro não variaram entre os dois subconjuntos de ovelhas Morada Nova e foram em média 95,2%. Corpos lúteos (CL) foram detectados em 85,0% e 60,0% das ovelhas que apresentaram cio, respectivamente, nos grupos G9 e G12. A NSER foi concluída com sucesso em 86,2% de todas as ovelhas estudadas. O número médio de CLs por doadora e por doadora lavada com sucesso foi maior (P <0,05) no G12 (12,3 ± 1,7 / 12,1 ± 1,9) do que no G9 (7,9 ± 1,4 / 8,2 ± 1,6). O número médio de blastocistos recuperados e de embriões viáveis foi maior (P <0,05) para G12 (5,8 ± 1,9 e 3,7 ± 1,7) do que para G9 (3,5 ± 1,1 e 0,8 ± 0,3, respectivamente). A contagem total de folículos no momento da aplicação da 6ª dose de pFSH no grupo G12 foi positivamente correlacionada (P <0,05) com o número de CLs (r = 0,95) e com o de embriões viáveis (r = 0,91). Conclui-se que o protocolo de sincronização de estro baseado na utilização de P4 por 12 dias resultou em melhores resultados superovulatórios quando comparado ao protocolo de 9 dias e que a contagem total de folículos na última dose de pFSH foi um bom preditor de resposta superovulatória apenas nas ovelhas tratadas com P4 por 12 dias.

The objective of the present study was to enable the production and collection of embryos by the non-surgical method (NSER) in Morada Nova ewes, since the use of this procedure can contribute to the Program for the Conservation of Genetic Resources of this important Brazilian breed, increasing the number of embryos in germplasm banks. This study was carried out in two experiments; the first one compared the production of embryos in vivo from donors submitted to different estrous and / or superovulation synchronization protocols. The ewes received intravaginal sponges soaked in 60 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP), which were maintained for six (G6; n = 12), nine (G9; n = 12) or 12 (G12; n = 12) days. Half of the ewes in each group remained synchronized (SYNCH) while the other half were superovulated (SOV) with porcine follicle stimulating hormone (pFSH). Of the analyzed variables, there was a difference in the beginning of estrus that occurred 10-12 h later (P <0.01) in G9SYNCH ewes when compared to G6SYNCH and G12SYNCH, and the duration of estrus was 19 h longer (P <0.01) in G9SOV than in G6SOV. The average duration of the collection procedure was 32.6 ± 1.3 min. At least one structure was recovered in 85.7 and 87.5% of the synchronized and superovulated ewes, respectively. The recovery rates of viable embryos were also similar (P> 0.05) for the synchronized and superovulated groups: G6 (1.0 ± 0.3 and 2.5 ± 1.5), G9 (1.3 ± 0, 5 and 4.8 ± 2.0) and G12 (1.0 ± 0.3 and 4.8 ± 2.3). It is concluded that pretreatment with different progesterone durations can be used in Morada Nova ewes, resulting in viable embryo recovery rates in synchronized and / or superovulated animals. In the second experiment, the number of follicles 2 mm at the time of the last dose of pFSH was correlate with the superovultory response (number of corpus luteum) and the production of embryos (number of blastocyst and embryonic quality) in synchronized ewes with the two most promising treatments from the previous experiment (G9 and G12). The total count of follicles 2 mm doubled from the 1st to the 6th pFSH dose in both groups of ewes (P < 0.05). Estrus responses did not vary between the two subsets of Morada Nova sheep and they averaged 95.2%. Corpora lutea (CL) were detected in 85.0% and 60.0% of ewes going estrus in G9 Days and G12 Days groups, respectively. NSER was successfully completed in 86.2% of all ewes studied (P > 0.05). The mean number of CL per ewe/successfully flushed donor ewe was greater (P < 0.05) in G12 (12.3 ± 1.7/12.1 ± 1.9) than in G9 (7.9 ± 1.4/8.2 ± 1.6). Mean numbers of retrieved blastocysts and viable embryos were greater (P > 0.05) for G12 (5.8 ± 1.9 and 3.7 ± 1.7) than for G9 ewes (3.5 ± 1.1 and 0.8 ± 0.3, respectively). The total follicle count when applying the 6th dose of pFSH in the G12 group was positively correlated (P <0.05) with the number of CLs (r = 0.95) and with the number of viable embryos (r = 0.91). It was concluded that estrus synchronization protocol based on the use of P4 for 12 days resulted in better superovulatory results when compared to the 9 days protocol and that the total follicle count in the last dose of pFSH was a good predictor of superovulatory response only in Morada Nova ewes treated with P4 for 12 days.