Effect of strength training versus raloxifene on bone weight, blood glucose, lipid and antioxidant profile in ovariectomized rats

We compared the effect of the treatment with strength training (ST) and raloxifene (RALOX) on bone weight, blood glucose, lipid, and antioxidant profile in ovariectomized rats. Twenty-four Wistar rats were distributed into four groups: ovariectomy + VEHICLE (control); ovariectomy + RALOX; ovariectomy + ST; ovariectomy + RALOX + ST. Thirty days after ovariectomy, the animals underwent the treatment with RALOX (750 µcg day-1) and/or ST (three sessions week-1). Thirty days after, all groups were scarified, tibia and femur were weighed, and the blood was collected for analysis of the lipid profile, glucose, and antioxidants catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH). The ST group showed greater femur weight (0.82 ± 0.18 g) and RALOX + ST had greater tibia weight (0.61± 0.17 g) than CONTROL with femur weight of 0.65 ± 0.08 g and tibia of 0.49 ± 0.08 g with no differences between treatments (p > 0.05). ST group showed significantly higher catalase (181.7 ± 15.4 µM g-1) compared to the other groups. In contrast, the GSH value was lower in ST group (89.2 ± 8.1 µM g-1) compared to RALOX (175.9 ± 17.1 µM g-1) and RALOX + ST (162.8 ± 12.1 µM g-1), but the values of these two groups did not differ from CONTROL(115.3 ± 21.1 µM g-1). Total cholesterol did not differ between groups (p > 0.05), but exercise alone(54.3 ± 2.5 mg dL-1) or with RALOX (53.0 ± 1.5 mg dL-1) resulted in higher HDL cholesterol than CONTROL (45.5 ± 2.5 mg dL-1). Only RALOX+ST presented lower glucose (140.3 ± 9.7 mg dL-1) values than CONTROL (201.7 ± 30.6 mg dL-1). In conclusion, ST promotes similar benefits on bone and metabolic parameters compared to pharmacological treatment in ovariectomized rats.(AU)

Fecal microbiota profile of ovariohysterectomized cats submitted to estrogen replacement / Perfil da microbiota fecal de gatas ovariohisterectomizadas submetidas à reposição estrogênica

This study aimed to observe the effects of 17 ß-estradiol replacements on the fecal microbiota in spayed cats. Individual samples of fresh feces were collected and stored at -80° C. Sequencing of the V3/V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene was used, and bioinformatic analysis was performed. Firmicutes/Bacteriodetes ratio was lower in the group receiving estrogen replacement compared to the SHAM group (P = 0,005). Jaccard index (P = 0.123) and Yue & Clayton index (P = 0.094) did not reveal alpha and beta diversity differences. The linear discriminant analysis effect size (LefSe) identified Firmicutes and MegasPhaera as the biomarkers for the SHAM group, and Burkholderiales, Betaproteobacteria, Sutterellaceae, Suterella, Proteobacteria, Proteobacteria unclassified and Collinsella for the group receiving estrogen replacement.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi observar os efeitos da reposição de 17 ß-estradiol na microbiota fecal de gatas castradas. Amostras individuais de fezes frescas foram colhidas e armazenadas a -80°C. Foi realizado o sequenciamento das regiões V3/V4 do gene 16S rRNA e a análise bioinformática. A razão Firmicutes/Bacteriodetes foi menor no grupo que recebeu reposição estrogênica em comparação ao grupo SHAM (P = 0,005). O índice de Jaccard (P = 0,123) e o índice de Yue & Clayton (P = 0,094) não revelaram diferenças na alfa e beta diversidade. A análise discriminatória linear de tamanho do efeito (LefSe) identificou Firmicutes e Megasphaera como biomarcadores para o grupo SHAM, e Burkholderiales, Betaproteobacteria, Sutterellaceae, Suterella, Proteobacteria, Proteobacteria não classificada e Collinsella para o grupo que recebeu reposição estrogênica.(AU)

Pyometra in a tiger (Panthera tigris)

Background: Captive tigers can live a long life, around 26 years. Among the diseases described some of non-infectious origin are quite common, such as chronic kidney disease, spondylosis, and biliary cysts or tumors. On the other hand, pyometra has been frequently reported in lions, who have a higher risk of developing the disease than tigers and leopards. Pyometra is a disease with few descriptions in tigers and it may be related to the physiological features of the species. The animal is listed as Endangered on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened. The present report aims to describe the diagnosis and treatment of pyometra in a captive tigress. Case: A 7-year-old entire female tiger (Panthera tigris) weighing 140 kg was presented with a 3-day history of anorexia and prostration. For clinical examinations, collection of laboratory and imaging tests, the patient initially underwent dissociative anesthesia to allow catheterization of the cephalic vein and intravenous general anesthesia for orotracheal intubation followed by anesthetic maintenance in isoflurane. On general physical examination, the animal had normal colored mucosa, vital parameters within normal limits, and a body condition score of 6 on a scale of 9. There was no presence of vulvar secretion. The blood count and the biochemical exams showed values within the normal range for the species. The chest X-ray in the right and left views did not demonstrate pulmonary abnormalities. Ultrasonographic examination of the abdomen showed distension of the uterine body and horns, which have intraluminal hyperechoic fluid content without flocculation. Based on the imaging exam, the diagnosis was suggestive of pyometra. Exploratory celiotomy was performed via ventral midline, confirming the condition, which was treated by ovariohysterectomy. The surgical technique was performed as described for therapeutic ovariohysterectomy in dogs and cats. Culture of uterine content identified Escherichia coli. The histological analysis identified diffuse endometritis associated with follicular cysts. The tiger had complete recovery without any complications. The patient was releasing 13 days after the surgical procedure and in the last contact four months after the surgery, it was in perfect health conditions. Discussion: Pyometra in large exotic felids has been occasionally reported, mainly in animals more than 10 years of age. Although the tigress in the report is estimated to be seven years old. The patient in question started with anorexia and prostration and as there was already a history of cystic endometrial hyperplasia, a possible pyometra was suspected, despite being uncommon in the species. There was not vaginal discharge. The definitive diagnosis was by means of ultrasound examination and ovariohysterectomy was performed. Abdominal surgery for these large felids is complex, due to the intra-abdominal volume the flank approach or by laparoscopic is suggested, however in this case a ventral midline incision was performed without intercurrences and complications in the post-operative period. The surgical technique like that used in small animals was effective for the treatment of pyometra in the tigress with the use of ovariohysterectomy. Culture of uterine content identified Escherichia coli, which has been the most commonly isolated pathogen in pyometra of large felids. It was concluded that, as in bitches with pyometra, early diagnosis and surgical treatment is ideal for the patient's recovery.

Analgesia perioperatória de gatas submetidas a ovariohisterectomia eletiva - uso preemptivo de carprofeno ou grapiprant / Perioperative analgesia in cats undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy - preemptive use of carprofen or grapiprant

Background: The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) exert their analgesic effect through peripheral inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis and a variety of other peripheral and central mechanisms. However, NSAIDs are associated with some adverse effects, mainly related to the gastrointestinal, renal, and hepatic systems, highlighting the need for research to develop safer drugs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of preoperative oral administration of carprofen or grapiprant in female cats submitted to elective ovariohysterectomy on the quality of perioperative analgesia and the need for hypnotic and analgesic drugs. Materials, Methods & Results: Thirty-three adult female cats were selected, without defined breed and healthy based on physical examination, routine laboratory analyses (complete blood count, total protein, Heinz body investigation and serum quantification of alanine transaminase [ALT], aspartate transaminase [AST], gamma glutamyl transpeptidase [GGT], alkaline phosphatase [ALP], urea, frutosamine, and glucose) and negative tests for feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV). After 3 days of adaptation, they were submitted to ovariohysterectomy by celiotomy and randomly allocated into 2 groups according to the preoperative drug used: GCAR [carprofen - 4 mg/kg, VO, 2 h before surgery; n = 11] and GGRA (grapiprant - 2 mg/kg IV, 2 h before surgery; n = 21]. The cats were pre-medicated with acepromazine 0.05 mg/ kg IV and later submitted to general anesthesia with propofol intravenously. Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in 100% oxygen. After anesthetic induction, a continuous infusion of remifentanil at a rate of 10 µg/kg/h was initiated. During the transanesthetic period, the parameters of heart rate; respiratory rate; systolic, mean, and diastolic arterial pressure using the oscillometric method; electrocardiogram; rectal temperature; partial pressure of CO2 at the end of expiration: and partial saturation of O2 in hemoglobin were continuously monitored. The evaluation of nociception was based on the changes in the aforementioned physiological parameters. The rate of remifentanil used did not change over time with the use of carprofen. However, animals that received grapiprant required a lower remifentanil dose at 20, 25, and 30 min during the procedure. The female cats that received carprofen showed an increase in mean heart rate at 30 min compared to that at 20 and 25 min. In the Grapiprant group, the heart rate at 35 min was higher only than that observed at 25 min. Discussion: The remifentanil rate did not differ between the groups, even between the times for GCAR. However, the remifentanil rate was lower from 20 min of the procedure for GGRA. This decrease may be related to a decrease in the need for anesthetics and analgesics by decreasing temperature, which causes decreases in metabolism and surgical stimulation. The increase in systolic, mean, diastolic, and heart rate arterial pressure parameters observed in both treatments after 15 min of anesthesia is related to the nociceptive stimulus resulting from traction and ligation of the ovarian pedicles and maneuvers for exteriorization of the uterus. These are considered the moments of greater surgical stimulus during ovariohysterectomy, evidenced by the greater release of cortisol and increase in physiological parameters. The results of this study show that the administration of carprofen or grapiprant was clinically similar when used preemptively for perioperative analgesia in cats submitted to elective ovariohysterectomy.

Feral dogs in Chitral gol national park, Pakistan: a potential threat to the future of threatened Kashmir Markhor (Capra falconeri cashmiriensis) / Cães ferozes no parque nacional Chitral gol, Paquistão: uma ameaça potencial para o futuro do Markhor da Caxemira ameaçado (Capra falconeri cashmiriensis)

Feral dogs are well-organized hunters of ungulates in many parts of the world, causing great damage to wildlife populations and ultimately to the ecosystem. In Pakistan, the impacts of feral dogs on the wildlife have not been documented yet. In a period of fifteen years (2006-2020), feral dogs have killed hundreds of threatened markhor in Chitral gol national park (CGNP), Pakistan. Despite direct predation other impacts including disturbance and competition with other natural predators, could compromise conservation and management efforts. The population of feral dogs seems to have been increased with the increase of dumping sites by communities. Our findings suggest that there are pressing needs of controlling the feral dogs population and eradicating them from the core zone of CGNP and surrounding buffer communities. Conventional culling of dogs should be coupled with modern techniques like castration and sterilization. Communities should be educated regarding the clean environment, proper disposal of home wastes and, biodiversity conservation.

Os cães ferozes são caçadores bem organizados de ungulados em muitas partes do mundo, causando grandes danos à população de animais selvagens e, em última instância, ao ecossistema. No Paquistão, os impactos dos cães selvagens na vida selvagem ainda não foram documentados. Em um período de 15 anos (2006-2020), cães selvagens mataram centenas de markhor ameaçados no parque nacional Chitral gol (CGNP), Paquistão. Apesar da predação direta, outros impactos, incluindo distúrbios e competições com outros predadores naturais podem comprometer os esforços de conservação e manejo. A população de cães selvagens parece ter aumentado com o aumento dos locais de despejo pelas comunidades. Nossas descobertas sugerem que há necessidades urgentes para controlar a população de cães selvagens e erradicá-los da zona central do CGNP e das comunidades-tampão vizinhas. O abate convencional de cães deve ser combinado com técnicas modernas como castração e esterilização. As comunidades devem ser educadas sobre o meio ambiente limpo, o descarte adequado de resíduos domésticos e a conservação da biodiversidade.

Thecoma in an elderly crioulo mare

Background: Ovarian enlargement in mares can either be a physiological or pathological condition associated with neoplastic or non-neoplastic causes. Neoplasia is more prominent in elderly than young horses. Granulosa cell tumors are the most common neoplastic cause of ovarian enlargement, and thecoma is the rarest. Thecoma is a benign ovarian stromal neoplasia originating from the sexual cords of the embryonic gonad and can affect the production of steroid hormones, leading to changes in behavior and the estrous cycle. If only one ovary is affected, after unilateral ovariectomy, usually the mare can still be used for reproductive purposes. Herein, we report a case of ovarian thecoma in an elderly Crioulo mare. Case: A 15-year-old Crioulo mare was evaluated due to progressive weight loss. The mare presented a low body score, and on physical examination, all parameters were within reference limits. Hematological examination revealed anemia, hyperfibrinogenemia, and neutrophilia. Serum biochemistry examination were within the physiological limits. Rectal palpation revealed an increase in volume in the left ovary (4.3 × 2.9 × 3 cm), smooth consistency and no associated pain in either of the ovaries. Rectal ultrasonography revealed a heterogeneous pattern, suggesting a neoplasm. As a treatment modality and for definitive diagnosis, the mare underwent a unilateral flank ovariectomy laparoscopically in the quadrupedal position. On histopathological evaluation of the left ovary, the sample showed cysts associated with proliferating spindle cells arranged in a solid arrangement, occasionally forming eddies, in addition to hemosiderosis, with clear cytoplasm and lipid vacuoles. Macroscopically, the ovary presented with a regular surface, smooth to firm consistency, a homogeneous brownish appearance with blackened foci, and brownish fluid-filled cysts. These findings confirmed thecoma of the left ovary in the mare. Discussion: Ovarian enlargement in mares can be associated to the presence of neoplasia. Clinical signs of ovarian neoplasms can be nonspecific; therefore, to achieve a definitive diagnosis, it is imperative to evaluate and compare the patient's history, physical examination, and results of complementary examinations. Excessive production of hormones lead to behavioral changes in mares with ovarian tumors, such as masculinized or aggressive behavior, and anestrus persistence. Thecomas may or may not interfere with steroid production and levels. On ultrasound examination, ovarian neoplasms may present similar echogenicity patterns. Histopathological evaluation is the best diagnostic approach after an ovariectomy. The prognosis of ovariectomy is considerably successful with the mare regaining reproductive health, although some mares may become infertile, with a small, inactive contralateral ovary. Thecoma is a rare neoplasm in horses; however, owing to its potential to cause altered reproductive functions, it should be considered as a differential diagnosis in mares with increased ovarian volume.

Feral dogs in Chitral gol national park, Pakistan: a potential threat to the future of threatened Kashmir Markhor (Capra falconeri cashmiriensis) / Cães ferozes no parque nacional Chitral gol, Paquistão: uma ameaça potencial para o futuro do Markhor da Caxemira ameaçado (Capra falconeri cashmiriensis)

Feral dogs are well-organized hunters of ungulates in many parts of the world, causing great damage to wildlife populations and ultimately to the ecosystem. In Pakistan, the impacts of feral dogs on the wildlife have not been documented yet. In a period of fifteen years (2006-2020), feral dogs have killed hundreds of threatened markhor in Chitral gol national park (CGNP), Pakistan. Despite direct predation other impacts including disturbance and competition with other natural predators, could compromise conservation and management efforts. The population of feral dogs seems to have been increased with the increase of dumping sites by communities. Our findings suggest that there are pressing needs of controlling the feral dogs population and eradicating them from the core zone of CGNP and surrounding buffer communities. Conventional culling of dogs should be coupled with modern techniques like castration and sterilization. Communities should be educated regarding the clean environment, proper disposal of home wastes and, biodiversity conservation.(AU)

Os cães ferozes são caçadores bem organizados de ungulados em muitas partes do mundo, causando grandes danos à população de animais selvagens e, em última instância, ao ecossistema. No Paquistão, os impactos dos cães selvagens na vida selvagem ainda não foram documentados. Em um período de 15 anos (2006-2020), cães selvagens mataram centenas de markhor ameaçados no parque nacional Chitral gol (CGNP), Paquistão. Apesar da predação direta, outros impactos, incluindo distúrbios e competições com outros predadores naturais podem comprometer os esforços de conservação e manejo. A população de cães selvagens parece ter aumentado com o aumento dos locais de despejo pelas comunidades. Nossas descobertas sugerem que há necessidades urgentes para controlar a população de cães selvagens e erradicá-los da zona central do CGNP e das comunidades-tampão vizinhas. O abate convencional de cães deve ser combinado com técnicas modernas como castração e esterilização. As comunidades devem ser educadas sobre o meio ambiente limpo, o descarte adequado de resíduos domésticos e a conservação da biodiversidade.(AU)

Hydronephrosis in a bitch with ovarian remnant syndrome - postsurgical complications

Background: Elective ovariohysterectomy (OH) is minimally invasive, but when performed incorrectly, it can lead to postsurgical complications, such as stump pyometra, ovarian remnant syndrome and foci of adhesion generated by tissue reactions to threads and materials used in vessel hemostasis. The formation of adhesions and successive surgeries predisposes patients to other diseases, such as ureteral obstruction and hydronephrosis. Thus, we reported a case of hydronephrosis in a bitch submitted to conventional OH, followed by ovariectomy (OV) due to ovarian remnant syndrome and consequent intraperitoneal adhesions caused by successive surgical interventions. Case: A 11-year-old mixed breed medium size bitch with a history of stump pyometra and ovarian remnant syndrome (SOR) was treated at the Veterinary Hospital-HV of UFPA after 2 previous surgeries. It had been spayed using conventional OH and underwent ovariectomy OV approximately 4 years ago, as it showed signs of estrus after the first surgery, characterizing SOR. On physical examination, its abdomen was distended especially in the left hemiabdomen, with no palpable pain. Ultrasonography showed a cavity in the topographic area of the left kidney, with anechoic content, thin walls, and defined contour. There were nonvascularized tubular structures, suggesting hydroureter and severe hydronephrosis. Exploratory celiotomy was performed, showing the intense presence of abdominal adhesions, followed by an incision in the abdominal midline from the xiphoid process in a caudal direction to the pubis, thereby showing the left kidney. After vesical drainage of 900 mL of renal filtrate, atrophy of the renal parenchyma and preservation of the renal capsule was considered, resulting in its complete resection, followed by the synthesis of the abdominal wall. In the postoperative period, the patient was properly monitored and obtained a satisfactory outcome manifested by a complete recovery. After vesical drainage of 900 mL of renal filtrate, atrophy of the renal parenchyma and preservation of the renal capsule only was considered, resulting in its complete resection, followed by the synthesis of the abdominal wall. In the postoperative period, the patient was properly monitored and obtained a satisfactory outcome manifested by a complete recovery. After vesical drainage of 900 mL of renal filtrate, renal parenchymal atrophy and preservation of the renal capsule only was adopted. Discussion: The choice of the conventional OH technique, followed by the failure to perform, favored the formation of adhesions only diagnosed late. Less invasive alternatives achieved less long-term damage. Excessive intracavitary manipulation and reaction to the nylon suture thread favored the development of these adhesions, and consequently, unilateral obstruction of the left ureter, hydroureter, hypertrophy, and destruction of the renal parenchyma, led the patient to undergo a third surgery, namely, unilateral nephrectomy. In this case, no changes were observed in serum levels, leaving only a subtle abdominal enlargement with hydronephrosis installed silently. There was no possibility of carrying out initial surgical planning, as the affected kidney, making unilateral nephrectomy necessary. Currently, the patient has normal renal function in the contralateral organ, with no clinical or laboratory changes because the affected kidney was not functional, making unilateral nephrectomy necessary. Currently, the patient has normal renal function with no clinical or laboratory changes because the affected kidney was not functional, making unilateral nephrectomy necessary. Currently, the patient has normal renal function in the contralateral organ, with no clinical or laboratory changes.

Estenose esofágica adquirida: relato de caso / Esophageal stenosis acquired: case report / Estenosis esofágica adquirida: informe de un caso

Refluxos gastroesofágicos podem ocorrer por diversos fatores como fármacos anestésicos, pré-disposição de raça, ausência de jejum, idade e sexo. A exposição da mucosa esofágica ao conteúdo gástrico é a principal causa de esofagites, que, por sua vez, podem evoluir para uma estenose do órgão, formando uma faixa circular intraluminal, causando estreitamento e comprometendo o lúmen esofágico. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo descrever um caso de estenose esofágica decorrente de ovariohisterectomia, dando ênfase às possíveis causas, formas de diagnóstico, tratamento e profilaxia da enfermidade. A cadela relatada foi atendida no setor de Clínica Médica de Animais de Companhia do Hospital Veterinário da UFVJM, Campus Unaí no dia 14 de novembro de 2019, aproximadamente um mês após receber o diagnóstico de estenose esofágica, obtido pelo histórico, sinais clínicos, achados radiográficos e, principalmente, por endoscopia esofágica. De acordo com dados da literatura, o animal apresentava diversos fatores que pré-dispõem ao refluxo gastroesofágico e, consequentemente, a estenose esofágica, como o histórico cirúrgico, idade e raça, dentre outros. Receitou-se tratamento clínico com antiácidos e inibidores da bomba de prótons para remissão clínica.

Gastroesophageal reflux may occur during anesthesia due to various factors such as anesthetic drugs, race disposition, absence of fasting, age and gender. Exposure of the esophageal mucosa to gastric contents is the main cause of esophagitis, which in turn may develop into esophageal stricture, forming an intraluminal circular band, causing narrowing and compromising the esophageal lumen. The objective of this work is to describe a case of esophageal stricture resulting from an ovariohysterectomy, emphasizing the possible causes, diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of the disease. The bitch of this report was attended of the group of Small Animals Medical Clinic II of UFVJM-Campus Unaí together with the teacher responsible for the discipline attended the reported animal on November 14, 2019, approximately one month of receiving diagnosis of esophageal etricture, obtained through history, signs radiographic findings and mainly by esophageal endoscopy. According to data from the literature, the animal had several factors that predispose to gastroesophageal reflux and consequently sophageal stricture, such as surgical history, age, race and others. Clinical treatment with antacids and proton pump inhibitors was prescribed for clinical remission.

Los reflujos gastroesofágicos pueden producirse durante la anestesia debido a varios factores como los fármacos anestésicos, la predisposición de la raza, la ausencia de ayuno, la edad y el sexo. La exposición de la mucosa esofágica al contenido gástrico es la principal causa de la esofagitis, que a su vez puede evolucionar hacia una estenosis esofágica, formando una banda circular intraluminal, provocando un estrechamiento y comprometiendo la luz esofágica.El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo describir un caso de estenosis esofágica resultante de una ovariohisterectomía, destacando las posibles causas, formas de diagnóstico, tratamiento y profilaxis de la enfermedad. La perra relatada fue atendida en el sector de Clínica Médica de Animales de Compañía del Hospital Veterinario de la UFVJM, Campus Unaí junto con el profesor responsable del sujeto el 14 de noviembre de 2019, aproximadamente un mes después de recibir el diagnóstico de estenosis esofágica, obtenido a través de la historia, los signos clínicos, los hallazgos radiográficos y principalmente por la endoscopia esofágica.De acuerdo con los datos de la literatura, el animal presentaba varios factores que predisponen al reflujo gastroesofágico y consecuentemente a la estenosis esofágica, como los antecedentes quirúrgicos, la edad, la raza entre otros. Se prescribió un tratamiento clínico con antiácidos e inhibidores de la bomba de protones para la remisión clínica.

Continuous infusion of dipyrone in bitches in the intraoperative period: cardiorespiratory effects / Infusão continua transoperatória de dipirona em cadelas: efeitos cardiorrespiratórios e analgésicos

Dipyrone is an effective analgesic for managing moderate or severe postoperative pain and can be used alone for mild pain or in combination with other analgesics for any type of pain. This study aimed to examine the administration of dipyrone by continuous infusion (CI) as an adjuvant analgesic in the intraoperative period for bitches undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy (OH) and its effect on these patients' cardiorespiratory parameters. Twenty bitches underwent an elective OH procedure. The pre-anesthetic agent was a combination of acepromazine and morphine. Propofol was used to induce anesthesia, and isoflurane was used for maintenance. Subsequently, the animals were randomly allocated into two groups: the dipyrone group (DG) received a bolus dose of dipyrone (25 mg kg-1) by CI at a rate of 10 mg kg-1 h, and the control group (CG) received a bolus dose and a CI of 0.9% NaCl solution, both groups at a rate of 5 mL kg-1 h. The parametric variables were analyzed by ANOVA, followed by Tukey's test (p <0.05). The paired t-test (p <0.05) was used for comparison between the groups. Statistical differences were observed for heart rate, systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure, respiratory rate, and blood glucose between the periods in both groups. There were differences only in the basal values of MAP between the groups; however, most values remained within the physiological range for the species. Using the drug as an adjuvant to anesthesia did not alter cardiorespiratory parameters, and it can be used as an adjuvant in analgesia during the intraoperative period of OH.(AU)

A dipirona é um analgésico eficaz para o manejo da dor pós-operatória moderada ou grave, podendo ser utilizada isoladamente em dores leves ou associada a outros analgésicos em qualquer tipo de dor. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a utilização de infusão contínua (IC) de dipirona no período transoperatório de cadelas submetidas à Ovariohisterectomia (OH) eletiva como adjuvante analgésico, avaliando seu efeito sobre parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios desses pacientes. Para o estudo, 20 cadelas foram submetidas ao procedimento de OH eletiva. A medicação pré-anestésica foi composta pela associação de acepromazina e morfina, seguida da indução com propofol e manutenção com isofluorano. Posteriormente, os animais foram alocados, aleatoriamente, em dois grupos: dipirona (GD), que receberam bolus de dipirona (25 mg kg-1) seguido da IC do fármaco na taxa de 10 mg kg-1 h, e grupo controle (GC), cujos animais receberam o bolus e IC de solução de NaCl 0,9%, ambos os grupos na velocidade de 5 mL kg-1 h. Variáveis paramétricas foram analisadas pela ANOVA seguida pelo teste de Tukey (p <0,05) e comparadas entre os grupos pelo teste t pareado (p <0,05). Foram observadas diferenças estatísticas entre os momentos em ambos os grupos em relação à FC, FR, PAS, PAM, PAD e glicemia. Entre os grupos, houve apenas diferenças nos valores basais de PAM, no entanto, a maioria dos valores manteve-se dentro da faixa considerada fisiológica para a espécie. A utilização do fármaco como adjuvante a anestesia não alterou os parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios, podendo ser utilizado como adjuvante na analgesia durante o transoperatório de OH.(AU)

Efeitos do óleo de girassol ozonizado no tratamento de ferida cirúrgica em gatas submetidas a ovariohisterectomia eletiva / Effects of ozonized sunflower oil on the treatment of surgical wound in cats submitted to elective ovariohisterectomy / Efectos del aceite de girasol ozonizado sobre el tratamiento quirúrgico de heridas en gatos sometidos a ovariohisterectomía electiva

Pesquisas recentes comprovam a eficácia da ozonioterapia no estímulo à cicatrização de feridas em animais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito cicatrizante do óleo de girassol ozonizado na ferida cirúrgica de gatas submetidas a ovariohisterectomia eletiva, em comparação à utilização do soro fisiológico e óleo de girassol puro, com descrição da evolução da cicatrização e a área de retração da ferida nos diferentes grupos experimentais estudados. Para tal, foram estudadas 15 gatas, divididas de forma aleatória em 3 grupos experimentais, sendo cada grupo constituído por 5 animais, dispostos da seguinte forma: Grupo 1 (controle), constituídos de animais que utilizaram apenas solução fisiológica 0,9% para limpeza da ferida cirúrgica; Grupo 2, constituído de animais que utilizaram a solução fisiológica e óleo de girassol puro; e Grupo 3, constituído de animais que utilizaram a solução fisiológica e óleo de girassol ozonizado. Inicialmente todas as gatas foram submetidas ao exame clínico completo, avaliação ultrassonográfica e exames hematológicos como avaliação pré-operatória para ovariohisterectomia eletiva. Durante o período pós-operatório os animais foram acompanhados diariamente, por 7 dias, para observação da ferida cirúrgica, sendo esta avaliada quanto ao seu tamanho, presença de edema, hiperemia, exsudação, granulação e crostas. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que, quanto ao tamanho da ferida, houve maior retração cicatricial no grupo 3 (78%), quando comparado ao grupo 1 (34%) e o grupo 2 (64%). com diferença significativa (p=0,039). Ademais, observou-se redução significativa do edema (p=0,035) e hiperemia (p=0,04) no grupo 3, ao comparar com o grupo 1 e 2, sendo mais evidente no 3° dia de tratamento. O uso do óleo de girassol ozonizado demonstrou ser benéfico ao processo cicatricial, promover rápida reparação da lesão, favorecendo o restabelecimento da estrutura e função dos tecidos.

Recent research confirms the effectiveness of ozonotherapy in stimulating wound healing in animals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the healing effect of ozonated sunflower oil on the surgical wound of cats subjected to elective ovariohysterectomy, in comparison to the use of saline solution and pure sunflower oil, with a description of the evolution of healing and the area of wound retraction in the different experimental groups studied. For this, 15 female cats were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups, each group consisting of 5 animals, arranged as follows: Group 1 (control), consisting of animals that used only 0.9% physiological solution for cleaning of the surgical wound; Group 2, consisting of animals that used the physiological solution and pure sunflower oil; and Group 3, consisting of animals that used the physiological solution and ozonized sunflower oil. Initially all cats were submitted to a complete clinical examination, ultrasonographic evaluation and hematological examinations as a preoperative evaluation for elective ovariohysterectomy. During the postoperative period, the animals were followed daily for 7 days to observe the surgical wound, which was evaluated for its size, presence of edema, hyperemia, exudation, granulation and crusts. The results showed that there was a greater scar retraction in group 3 (78%) when compared to group 1 (34%) and group 2 (64%), with a significant difference (p = 0.039). In addition, there was a significant reduction of edema (p = 0.035) and hyperemia (p = 0.04) in group 3, when compared with group 1 and 2, being more evident on the 3rd day of treatment. The use of ozonized sunflower oil has been shown to be beneficial to the cicatricial process, promoting rapid repair of the lesion, favoring the reestablishment of tissue structure and function.

Investigaciones recientes demuestran la eficacia de la ozonoterapia para estimular la cicatrización de heridas en animales. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto cicatrizante del aceite de girasol ozonizado en la herida quirúrgica de gatas sometidas a ovariohisterectomía electiva, en comparación con el uso de solución salina y aceite puro de girasol, con descripción de la evolución de la cicatrización y el área de Retracción de la herida en los diferentes grupos experimentales estudiados. Para ello, se estudiaron 15 gatos, divididos aleatoriamente en 3 grupos experimentales, cada grupo compuesto por 5 animales, distribuidos de la siguiente manera: Grupo 1 (control), compuesto por animales que utilizaron solo solución salina al 0,9% para la limpieza de la herida quirúrgica; Grupo 2, formado por animales que utilizaron solución salina y aceite puro de girasol; y el Grupo 3, compuesto por animales que utilizaron solución salina y aceite de girasol ozonizado. Inicialmente, todas las gatas se sometieron a un examen clínico completo, ultrasonido y exámenes hematológicos como evaluación preoperatoria para ovariohisterectomía electiva. Durante el postoperatorio, los animales fueron monitoreados diariamente durante 7 días para observar la herida quirúrgica, la cual fue evaluada por su tamaño, presencia de edema, hiperemia, exudación, granulación y costras. Los resultados obtenidos revelaron que, en cuanto al tamaño de la herida, hubo mayor retracción de la cicatriz en el grupo 3 (78%) en comparación con el grupo 1 (34%) y el grupo 2 (64%), con una diferencia significativa (p = 0,039). Además, hubo una reducción significativa del edema (p = 0,035) y la hiperemia (p = 0,04) en el grupo 3, en comparación con los grupos 1 y 2, siendo más evidente en el tercer día de tratamiento. El uso de aceite de girasol ozonizado demostró ser beneficioso para el proceso de curación, promoviendo una rápida reparación de la lesión, favoreciendo la restauración de la estructura y función de los tejidos.

Systolic blood pressure in anesthetized bitches measured with photoplethysmography

Background: Photoplethysmography is widely used in human medicine, with few studies on its use in veterinary medicine. Its sensor detects fluctuations in blood volume at the site, providing direct readings of cardiac pulse and peripheral oxygen saturation, as well as estimating cardiac output, respiratory rate and blood pressure. This study aimed to evaluate the use of photoplethysmography and compare it to vascular Doppler ultrasound as an indirect method of measuring systolic blood pressure in bitches undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy, using the invasive assessment of systolic blood pressure as a reference. Materials, Methods and Results: After clinical and laboratory evaluation, 34 healthy bitches were selected to undergo elective ovariohysterectomy. After food and water fasting, patients received pethidine hydrochloride intramuscularly as pre-anesthetic medication, followed by anesthetic induction with fentanyl citrate and propofol intravenously. General anesthesia was maintained by inhalation with isoflurane diluted in 100% oxygen. Intraoperative analgesia consisted of continuous infusion of fentanyl citrate intravenously. The animals were randomly divided into 2 groups, the thoracic limb group (TLG) and the pelvic limb group (PLG). In each patient, non-invasive blood pressure measurement was obtained simultaneously with Doppler (DOP) and photoplethysmography (PPG). The sensors of both devices were placed on the end of the same limb. The PPG sensor was positioned in the interdigital region. In patients belonging to the TLG, the Doppler sensor was placed in the ventral region of the thoracic limb, under the ulnar artery. In PLG patients, the Doppler sensor was placed in the dorsal region of the pelvic limb, over the dorsal artery of the foot. The sphygmomanometer was positioned close to the sensors. For systolic blood pressure (SBP) measurement, the cuff was inflated until the Doppler sound signal and the plethysmographic wave were lost. The cuff was then deflated until the Doppler pulse sound resumed and the photoplethysmography showed at least 2 continuous waves on a regular basis. The corresponding pressure value observed on the manometer consisted of the SBP. The same 2 evaluators performed all SBP measurements: 1 responsible for the DOP method and the other for the PPG method; both were blind to the other's findings, thus minimizing potential bias in the results. All animals underwent cannulation of the auricular artery for invasive measurement of systolic blood pressure, using a multiparameter monitor. All blood pressure measurements were performed at 5-min intervals, as well as obtaining additional parameters (heart and respiratory rate, esophageal temperature, partial tissue oxygen saturation, carbon dioxide concentration) and electrocardiographic monitoring. All parameters were documented for further statistical analysis. A strong correlation (r² = 0.95) was obtained between the DOP and PPG methods regardless of the limb on which the sensors were placed. There was a low correlation between the invasive method of measuring systolic blood pressure and the other methods. There was better agreement between the DOP and PPG methods (r2 = -0.0061; P = 0.85) when systolic blood pressure was measured in the TLG. Discussion: In the PLG, the values obtained with the DOP and PPG methods were significantly higher than those obtained with the invasive method, while the values obtained in the TLG differed slightly. It was found that the best measurement site by non-invasive methods was the thoracic limb. It was concluded that the non-invasive methods showed a low correlation with the invasive method; however, both methods had similar characteristics and photoplethysmography can be used to replace the vascular Doppler method.

Nova técnica de ligadura do pedículo ovariano e coto uterino em cadela com utilização de duas pinças / Novel technique of ligature of the ovarian pedicle and uterine stump in bitches using two clamps

A ovariosalpingohisterectomia (OSH), que consiste na retirada cirúrgica de ovários, tubas uterinas e útero, é um dos procedimentos cirúrgicos mais realizados em cadelas na rotina veterinária. É utilizado para evitar prenhez indesejada e no tratamento e profilaxia de enfermidades reprodutivas. Classicamente, na técnica de ligadura do pedículo ovariano e coto uterino na OSH em cadelas e gatas, são empregadas três pinças para expor a área de ligadura, por isso, a técnica é conhecida como técnica das três pinças. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi propor uma técnica diferente para executar tais ligaduras, reduzindo o tempo do procedimento por meio da diminuição do número de pinças usadas para a exposição dos locais a serem feitas as ligaduras. Desta forma, o experimento foi conduzido com 20 cadelas hígidas submetidas à OSH. Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos: animais submetidos ao procedimento de ligadura pela técnica das três pinças e animais submetidos a ligadura pela técnica proposta neste estudo. A abertura da cavidade abdominal, para expor as estruturas a serem ligadas, foi a mesma para as duas técnicas (laparotomia mediana ventral). Foi mensurado, por meio de cronômetro digital, o tempo despendido na realização de todas as cirurgias. Não ocorreram óbitos e não houve dificuldades na execução das duas técnicas. Além disso, no transoperatório, não houve intercorrências dignas de nota. Os resultados demonstraram que o tempo de execução foi estatisticamente menor para a técnica proposta, indicando a aplicação preferencial deste procedimento para realização de OSH em cadelas.

The ovariohysterectomy (OH), which consists of the surgical removal of ovaries, uterine tubes, and uterus, is one of the most common surgical procedures performed on bitches in the veterinary routine. It is used to prevent unwanted pregnancy and in the treatment and prophylaxis of reproductive diseases. Classically, in the technique of ligation of the ovarian pedicle and uterine stump in OH in bitches and cats, three clamps are used to expose the ligature area, that is why the technique is known as the three clamps technique. Thus, this study aimed to propose a different technique to perform such ligatures, reducing the procedure time by reducing the number of clamps used to expose the sites to be ligated. Therefore, the experiment was carried out with twenty healthy bitches submitted to OH. The animals were divided into two groups: animals submitted to the ligation procedure using the three clamps technique and animals submitted to ligation using the technique proposed in this study. The opening of the abdominal cavity, to expose the structures to be ligated, was the same for both techniques (ventral median laparotomy). The time spent performing all surgeries was measured using a digital timer. There were no deaths and there were no difficulties in performing both techniques. Besides, in the transoperative period, there were no noteworthy complications. The results demonstrated that the execution time was statistically shorter for the proposed technique, indicating the preferential application of this procedure for performing OH in bitches.

Indicações de ovariohisterectomia terapêutica em gatas / Indications of therapeutic ovariohisterectomy in female cats

Ovariohisterectomia (OH) é o procedimento cirúrgico mais realizado na rotina veterinária. Tal cirurgia pode ser realizada como tratamento de enfermidades, sendo denominada de OH terapêutica. Assim, o objetivo desta revisão é determinar quais as indicações de OH terapêutica em gatas. Para isso, foi realizada uma busca em sites de artigos científicos utilizando-se termos relacionados ao tema, abrangendo o período de 2012 a 2022 (10 anos). Os artigos sobre indicação de OH terapêutica em gatas foram analisados e os dados obtidos foram dispostos em tabela e gráfico. Foram analisadas 27 publicações, perfazendo 1.264 casos de OH terapêutica em gatas. Piometra foi a enfermidade mais frequente, totalizando 1.010 casos (79,90%). Cisto ovariano foi a segunda causa mais frequente, compreendendo 95 casos (7,51%). A terceira causa mais frequente de OH terapêutica foi a distocia, representando 81 casos (6,40%). A hiperplasia mamária foi indicação de OH terapêutica em 30 casos (2,37%). Prolapso uterino e torção uterina obtiveram a mesma frequência (11 casos; 0,87%). Maceração fetal foi uma indicação terapêutica em três relatos (0,23%) nos artigos analisados. Ocorreram dez outras indicações menos comuns de OH terapêutica em gatas. Desta forma, os resultados indicam a piometra como a doença mais frequente, entretanto, foram encontrados poucos artigos sobre o tema, indicando a necessidade de mais estudos envolvendo a espécie felina.

Ovariohysterectomy (OH) is the most performed surgical procedure in the veterinary routine. Such surgery can be carried out as a treatment for diseases, being called therapeutic OH. Thus, the present review aims to determine the indications for therapeutic OH in cats. For this purpose, a search was carried out on scientific article websites using terms related to the topic, covering the period from 2012 to 2022 (10 years). The articles on the indication of therapeutic OH in cats were analyzed and the data obtained were arranged in a table and graph. Twenty-seven publications were analyzed, totaling 1,264 cases of therapeutic OH in cats. Pyometra was the most frequent disease, totaling 1,010 cases (79.90%). Ovarian cyst was the second most frequent cause, comprising 95 cases (7.51%). The third most frequent cause of therapeutic HO was dystocia, representing 81 cases (6.40%). Breast hyperplasia was an indication for therapeutic OH in 30 cases (2.37%). Uterine prolapse and uterine torsion had the same frequency (11 cases; 0.87%). Fetal maceration was a therapeutic indication in three reports (0.23%) in the analyzed articles. There were ten other less common indications of therapeutic OH in cats. Thus, the results indicate pyometra as the most frequent disease; however, few articles were found on the subject, indicating the need for more studies involving the feline species.

Bloqueio do plano transverso do abdômen em coelha submetida à mastectomia e ovariohisterectomia / Blockade of the transverse plane of the abdomen in a rabbit submitted to mastectomy and ovariohysterectomy

Os bloqueios locorregionais vêm sendo cada vez mais estudados na medicina veterinária, principalmente em pets não-convencionais e animais silvestres. O bloqueio do plano transverso do abdômen (TAP block) é uma técnica de anestesia locorregional capaz de promover anestesia e analgesia em regiões da pele, musculatura e peritônio parietal, as quais fazem parte da estratégia de analgesia multimodal. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar o bloqueio do plano transverso em um coelho doméstico de quatro anos de idade submetido à mastectomia regional e ovariohisterectomia. Foram realizados dois pontos bilateralmente de bloqueio do espaço TAP guiado por ultrassom com 2mg/kg de bupivacaína a 0,25%, padronizando um volume total injetado de 2,4mL. Foram utilizados dexmedetomidina (5É¥g/kg) e midazolam (0,5mg/kg) por via intramuscular como medicação pré-anestésica, indução com isoflurano na máscara de oxigênio 100% e manutenção por anestesia inalatória com isoflurano. Os parâmetros fisiológicos mantiveram-se estáveis, sem necessidade de resgate analgésico, com extubação rápida e despertar tranquilo. Desta forma, conclui-se que o TAP block foi eficaz na analgesia para mastectomia regional e ovariohisterectomia como protocolo multimodal, aumentando o índice de segurança, além de ser de fácil execução mesmo com transdutores de baixa frequência.

The locoregional blocks have been increasingly studied in veterinary medicine, especially in non-conventional pets and wild animals. The transverse abdominis plane block (TAP block) is a locoregional anesthesia technique capable of promoting anesthesia and analgesia in the skin, muscle, and parietal peritoneum regions, which are is part of the multimodal analgesia strategy. This study aims to report the transverse plane block in a four-year-old domestic rabbit submitted to regional mastectomy and ovariohysterectomy. Two ultrasound-guided TAP space blocks were performed bilaterally with 2mg/kg of bupivacaine 0.25%, standardizing a total injected volume of 2.4mL. Dexmedetomidine (5É¥g/kg) and midazolam (0.5mg/kg) were used intramuscularly as pre-anesthetic medication, induction with isoflurane in a 100% oxygen mask, and maintenance by inhalation anesthesia with isoflurane. Physiological parameters remained stable, with no need for analgesic rescue, rapid extubation, and peaceful awakening. Thus, it is concluded that the TAP block was effective in analgesia for regional mastectomy and ovariohysterectomy as a multimodal protocol, increasing the safety index. Moreover, it is easy to perform even with low-frequency transducers.

Hiperplasia endometrial cística em uma coelha-doméstica (Oryctolagus cuniculus domesticus) / Cystic endometrial hyperplasia in a domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus domesticus)

Background: Cystic endometrial hyperplasia is a hormone-dependent disease induced by systemic increase in progesteronethat can occur in several domestic species, such as the rabbit. This disease may be associated with sex steroid hormones,especially progesterone, and may be asymptomatic, and it is diagnosed using complementary imaging tests such as totalabdominal ultrasound. However, surgical excisional biopsy with histopathological tissue analysis is the gold standard. Thisstudy reports a case of asymptomatic cystic endometrial hyperplasia in a female Miniature Lion Lop rabbit (Oryctolaguscuniculus domesticus) treated with therapeutic ovariohysterectomy.Case: A domestic, adult, female Miniature Lion Lop rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus domesticus), aged approximately 5 yearsand weighing 3.2 kg, was referred to specialized care to undergo ovariohysterectomy, an elective procedure. The tutor onlyreported the occurrence of a single episode of vulvar secretion more than 2 years ago, treated with antibiotics, with remissionof clinical signs. In the intraoperative period after celiotomy, the uterine horn and uterine body showed a significant increasein volume, with abnormal color changes and tissue consistency; however, both changes were clinically asymptomatic. Subsequently, biopsy was performed during the ovariohysterectomy procedure. The excised uterus and ovaries were placed in 10%formalin and histopathologically analyzed. The macroscopic histopathological examination of the sectioned tissue revealed aslight amount of brownish fluid inside the uterine horns, in addition to multiple cystic areas in the uterine mucosa. Microscopicexamination revealed marked hyperplasia of well-differentiated endometrial epithelial cells, occasionally forming cystic structuresof different sizes. Moderate congestion, mild multifocal hemorrhage, and mild multifocal inflammatory infiltrate in the lamina...

Efeitos cardiorrespiratórios da dexmedetomidina isolada e associada à morfina na medicação pré-anestésica de cadelas submetidas à ovariohisterectomia eletiva / Cardiorespiratory effects of dexmedetomidine alone and associated to morphine as premedicants in healthy bitches undergoing ovariohisterectomy / Efectos cardiorespiratorios de la dexmedetomidina aislada y asociada con morfina sobre medicamentos pre-anestésicos de perras sometidas a ovariohisterectomía electiva

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos cardiorrespiratórios da dexmedetomidina isolada e associada à morfina em pacientes submetidas à anestesia geral inalatória com isoflurano e submetidas à ovariohisterectomia eletiva. Vinte cadelas saudáveis foram selecionadas a partir de exames físico e laboratoriais. Os animais foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: dexmedetomidina (10 µg/Kg) (GD) e dexmedetomidina (10 µg/Kg) associado com morfina 0,3 mg/Kg (GDM), administrados pela via intramuscular (IM). Ato contínuo, o paciente foi induzido com propofol (à efeito) e mantido com isoflurano diluído em oxigênio 100% e administrado através de vaporizador calibrado. Foram aferidos os parâmetros fisiológicos: frequências cardíaca (FC) e respiratória (f), temperatura corporal (T°C), pressões arteriais sistólica (PAS), diastólica (PAD) e média (PAM), saturação de oxigênio na hemoglobina (SpO2), pressão parcial de gás carbônico no final da expiração (ETCO2) e isoflurano expirado (ETISO). A hemogasometria arterial foi utilizada para a análise do potencial hidrogeniônico (pH), bicarbonato (HCO3-) e pressão parcial de dióxido de carbono (PaCO2). O procedimento cirúrgico teve duração máxima de 45 minutos. Os parâmetros demonstraram diferença estatística entre os tempos e grupos avaliados, de acordo com os testes de Tukey e Bonferroni (p<0,05). Observou-se bradicardia 30 minutos após a aplicação da medicação pré-anestésica e acidemia no período trans-anestésico. Apesar disto, tanto a dexmedetomidina isolada quanto associada, conferiram estabilidade hemodinâmica e respiratória, apesar da bradicardia e acidemia observada.(AU)

This study aimed to evaluate the cardiorespiratory effects of dexmedetomidine alone and associated with morphine. Twenty healthy dogs were selected from physical and laboratory exams. The animals were randomly distributed into two groups: 10 µg/Kg dexmedetomidine (DG) and 10 µg/Kg dexmedetomidine group associated with 0.3 mg/Kg morphine (GDM), administered intramuscularly (IM). The patients were induced with propofol (to effect) and maintained with isoflurane diluted in 100% oxygen and administered through a calibrated vaporizer. Physiological parameters were measured: heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (f), body temperature (T°C), systolic arterial pressure (SAP), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP), oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (SpO2), end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure (ETCO2) and end-tidal isoflurane concentration (ETISO). Arterial blood gas analysis was used to analyze hydrogen potential (pH), bicarbonate (HCO3-) and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2). The surgical procedure lasted up to 45 minutes. The parameters showed a statistical difference between the times and groups evaluated, according to the Tukey and Bonferroni tests (p<0.05). Bradycardia was observed 30 minutes after the application of pre-anesthesic medication and acidemia in the trans-anesthetic period. Despite this, both dexmedetomidine alone and associated, provided good hemodynamic and respiratory stability, despite the bradycardia and acidemia observed.(AU)

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los efectos cardiorrespiratorios de la dexmedetomidina sola y asociada con la morfina en pacientes sometidas a anestesia general por inhalación con isoflurano y sometidas a ovariohisterectomía electiva. Se seleccionaron veinte perras sanas a partir de exámenes físicos y de laboratorio. Los animales se dividieron aleatoriamente en dos grupos: dexmedetomidina (10 µg/kg) (GD) y dexmedetomidina (10 µg/kg) asociada con 0,3 mg/kg de morfina (GDM), administrada por vía intramuscular (IM). Posteriormente, el paciente fue inducido con propofol (en efecto) y mantenido con isoflurano diluido en oxígeno al 100% y administrado mediante de un vaporizador calibrado. Se midieron parámetros fisiológicos: frecuencia cardíaca (FC) y respiratoria (f), temperatura corporal (T°C), presión arterial sistólica (PAS), diastólica (PAD) y media (PAM), saturación de oxígeno de hemoglobina (SpO2), presión parcial de carbono dióxido al final de la expiración (ETCO2) e isoflurano expirado (ETISO). Se utilizó gasometría arterial para analizar el potencial de hidrógeno (pH), el bicarbonato (HCO3-) y la presión parcial de dióxido de carbono (PaCO2). El procedimiento quirúrgico tuvo una duración máxima de 45 minutos. Los parámetros mostraron diferencia estadística entre los tiempos y grupos evaluados, según las pruebas de Tukey y Bonferroni (p <0.05). Se observó bradicardia 30 minutos después de la aplicación de medicación preanestésica y acidemia en el período transnestésico. A pesar de esto, tanto la dexmedetomidina aislada como la asociada proporcionaron estabilidad hemodinámica y respiratoria, a pesar de la bradicardia y acidemia observadas.(AU)

The mechanism study of inhibition effect of prepared Radix Rehmanniainon combined with Radix Astragali osteoporosis through PI3K-AKT signaling pathway

Purpose: To observe the mechanism of prepared Radix Rehmanniainon combined with Radix Astragali in treating osteoporosis. Methods: Osteoporosis rat model was established by bilateral ovariectomy combined with low-calcium diet feeding. Bone mineral density was measured by bone densitometer. Bone metabolism markers in serum were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), bone tissue structure was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, and the effect of prepared Radix Rehmanniainon combined with Radix Astragali on PI3K-AKT signaling pathway was investigated by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results: Compared with the model group, the bone tissue structure and imbalance of bone metabolism were improved, and the bone mineral density was significantly increased in the prepared Radix Rehmanniainon combined with Radix Astragali groups. After intervention with prepared Radix Rehmanniainon combined with Radix Astragali, the positive expression of PIK3CA and Akt1 in rat bone tissue was enhanced, and the expression levels of Akt1 mRNA were significantly increased. Conclusions: Prepared Radix Rehmanniainon combined with Radix Astragali may treat osteoporosis by activating PI3K/AKT pathway.

Postoperative analgesic effects of Reiki therapy in bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomy / Efeito analgésico pós-operatório da terapia Reiki em cadelas submetidas a ovariohisterectomia

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Reiki therapy on postoperative pain in bitches undergoing elective minimally invasive ovariohysterectomy (OVH). Thirty bitches were randomly assigned to three groups: Control, Placebo, or Reiki. All dogs received methadone as preanesthetic medication (PAM), meloxicam in the preoperative period, propofol for anesthetic induction, and isoflurane for anesthetic maintenance. Immediately after OVH, the dogs in the Reiki were submitted to a single session of Reiki therapy, dogs in the Placebo received simulated Reiki therapy from a non-therapist, and dogs in the Control received no treatment. All dogs were evaluated for pain using short-form Glasgow composite measure pain scale (CMPS-SF) and visual analog scale (VAS) before (M0) and 2 (M2), 4 (M4), 8 (M8), 12 (M12), and 24 hours (M24) after administration of PAM. Comparing the CMPS-SF scores between the groups, at M2 Reiki scores were lower than those of the Placebo and at M4 those in the Reiki were lower than those of the Control or Placebo groups. Comparing the VAS scores, at M4 and M8, Reiki scores were lower than those of the Control or Placebo groups. Additional analgesia (morphine 0.2 mg.kg-1 intramuscularly) was administered to three bitches in Control and to four bitches of the Placebo. Reiki did not require additional opioid analgesia in the postoperative period. It was concluded that Reiki therapy provided analgesic effect and contributed to improve postoperative comfort of bitches submitted to elective OVH.

Este estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da terapia Reiki na dor do período pós-operatório de cadelas submetidas à ovariohisterectomia (OVH) eletiva pelo método minimamente invasivo com gancho. Para isso, foram utilizadas 30 cadelas alocadas aleatoriamente em três grupos experimentais: Controle, Placebo e Reiki. Todos os animais receberam metadona como medicação pré-anestésica (MPA), meloxicam, propofol na indução anestésica e isofluorano na manutenção anestésica. Imediatamente após a OVH, os animais do Reiki foram submetidos a uma única sessão de Reiki, os animais do Placebo receberam uma simulação da terapia Reiki por um indivíduo não terapeuta e os animais do Controle não receberam nenhum tratamento. Os animais foram avaliados por meio da forma curta da escala de dor de Glasgow (CMPS-SF) e da escala visual analógica (EVA) antes da administração da MPA (M0) e 2h (M2), 4h (M4), 8h (M8), 12h (M12) e 24h (M24) após a MPA. Comparando-se os valores obtidos pela CMPS-SF, em M2, os valores do Reiki foram menores que do Placebo e, em M4, os valores do Reiki foram menores que do Controle e do Placebo. Observando-se os dados obtidos com a EVA, em M4 e M8, os valores do Reiki foram menores que do Controle e do Placebo. Foi administrada analgesia adicional (0,2 mg.kg-1 de morfina por via intramuscular) em três animais do Controle e em quatro animais do Placebo. Os animais do Reiki não necessitaram de analgesia adicional no período pós-operatório. Concluiu-se que a terapia Reiki contribuiu com a analgesia e o conforto pós-operatório de cadelas submetidas à OVH eletiva.

Postoperative analgesic effects of Reiki therapy in bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomy / Efeito analgésico pós-operatório da terapia Reiki em cadelas submetidas a ovariohisterectomia

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Reiki therapy on postoperative pain in bitches undergoing elective minimally invasive ovariohysterectomy (OVH). Thirty bitches were randomly assigned to three groups: Control, Placebo, or Reiki. All dogs received methadone as preanesthetic medication (PAM), meloxicam in the preoperative period, propofol for anesthetic induction, and isoflurane for anesthetic maintenance. Immediately after OVH, the dogs in the Reiki were submitted to a single session of Reiki therapy, dogs in the Placebo received simulated Reiki therapy from a non-therapist, and dogs in the Control received no treatment. All dogs were evaluated for pain using short-form Glasgow composite measure pain scale (CMPS-SF) and visual analog scale (VAS) before (M0) and 2 (M2), 4 (M4), 8 (M8), 12 (M12), and 24 hours (M24) after administration of PAM. Comparing the CMPS-SF scores between the groups, at M2 Reiki scores were lower than those of the Placebo and at M4 those in the Reiki were lower than those of the Control or Placebo groups. Comparing the VAS scores, at M4 and M8, Reiki scores were lower than those of the Control or Placebo groups. Additional analgesia (morphine 0.2 mg.kg-1 intramuscularly) was administered to three bitches in Control and to four bitches of the Placebo. Reiki did not require additional opioid analgesia in the postoperative period. It was concluded that Reiki therapy provided analgesic effect and contributed to improve postoperative comfort of bitches submitted to elective OVH.(AU)

Este estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da terapia Reiki na dor do período pós-operatório de cadelas submetidas à ovariohisterectomia (OVH) eletiva pelo método minimamente invasivo com gancho. Para isso, foram utilizadas 30 cadelas alocadas aleatoriamente em três grupos experimentais: Controle, Placebo e Reiki. Todos os animais receberam metadona como medicação pré-anestésica (MPA), meloxicam, propofol na indução anestésica e isofluorano na manutenção anestésica. Imediatamente após a OVH, os animais do Reiki foram submetidos a uma única sessão de Reiki, os animais do Placebo receberam uma simulação da terapia Reiki por um indivíduo não terapeuta e os animais do Controle não receberam nenhum tratamento. Os animais foram avaliados por meio da forma curta da escala de dor de Glasgow (CMPS-SF) e da escala visual analógica (EVA) antes da administração da MPA (M0) e 2h (M2), 4h (M4), 8h (M8), 12h (M12) e 24h (M24) após a MPA. Comparando-se os valores obtidos pela CMPS-SF, em M2, os valores do Reiki foram menores que do Placebo e, em M4, os valores do Reiki foram menores que do Controle e do Placebo. Observando-se os dados obtidos com a EVA, em M4 e M8, os valores do Reiki foram menores que do Controle e do Placebo. Foi administrada analgesia adicional (0,2 mg.kg-1 de morfina por via intramuscular) em três animais do Controle e em quatro animais do Placebo. Os animais do Reiki não necessitaram de analgesia adicional no período pós-operatório. Concluiu-se que a terapia Reiki contribuiu com a analgesia e o conforto pós-operatório de cadelas submetidas à OVH eletiva.(AU)