Paniculite nodular com esteatonecrose subcutânea em Golden Retrivier: relato de caso / Nodular panniculitis with subcutaneous steatonecrosis in a Golden Retrivier: case report

Um paciente canino, da raça Golden Retriever, foi atendido em clínica veterinária particular, com uma extensa formação nodular cutânea em região ventro-lateral direita, com evolução de um ano. A lesão apresentava consistência mole e presença de nodulações sólidas e retilíneas no seu interior, entremeadas ao meio líquido. Foi realizada colheita do material, por meio de punção por aspiração com agulha fina e o resultado citopatológico foi inconclusivo para neoplasia. Não foram observadas alterações dignas de nota na ultrassonografia abdominal. Após a realização de tomografia computadorizada da formação cutânea, as imagens eram compatíveis com abscesso ou hematoma entre áreas de mineralização. O animal foi submetido ao procedimento cirúrgico para biópsia excisional, tendo como diagnóstico morfológico paniculite nodular estéril com esteatonecrose, processo de morte celular dos adipócitos. O procedimento cirúrgico foi considerado curativo, uma vez que após um ano não houve recidiva no local ou formação de outras nodulações cutâneas. Essa patologia é incomum em cães, principalmente da raça Golden Retrevier e em região abdominal do tecido subcutâneo. Embora sejam correlacionadas algumas hipóteses, a causa dessa patologia permanece idiopática.(AU)

Chronic expanding hematoma secondary to excision of recurrent myxomas in a bitch

Background: Expanding chronic hematoma is a relatively common postoperative complication in humans, not in dogs, nevertheless, is important understand this condition because it may affect the animal's health. A hematoma could be formed within hours and usually stabilizes spontaneously with the reabsorption of its content. However, occasionally the hematoma slowly expands, becomes encapsulated and forms a mass, causing a chronic expanding hematoma. Possibly skin and adipose tissue are displaced secondary to trauma, causing the formation of blood-filled cysts surrounded by a fibrous capsule. The aim of this document is to present the first report of a postsurgical chronic expanding hematoma in dog. Case: A case of chronic expanding hematoma secondary to excision of recurrent myxoma in a bitch was described. Physical examination showed a hard, firm, non-mobile mass enclosed within the deep muscular layers. This mass was between the sternum and the cranial abdomen, similar to previous lesions excised by another veterinarian. Fine needle aspiration indicated the presence of blood. Radiology demonstrated that the bone-cartilage tissue was not involved. Due to the size of the mass, a skin stretching pre-suturing technique using self-adhesive tape was applied around the mass 48 h before surgery. The mass was removed with wide excision margins and portions of the affected muscles, but a large wound with great tension was created; consequently, a parallel to the wound incision and the thoraco-lumbar vertebrae was made. Six months after surgery, the animal presented recurrence of the same lesion, which was also removed. The bleeding times were within the normal range, but the animal was diagnosed with hyperadrenocorticism. After both surgeries histopathological exam revealed a hematoma, that had thrombosis and granulation tissue with fibrosis and severe panniculitis, in addition of multifocal, chronic, moderate lymphohistiocytic myositis; all these changes were compatible with a chronic expanding hematoma. Discussion: Chronic expanding hematoma is a mass that grows slowly secondary to hemorrhage and does not exhibit elements of malignancy. However, it can occasionally be confused for a soft-tissue neoplasm. It has been reported frequently in humans but not in small animals. The first case was reported in 2002: 5 puppies with a cervical hematoma classified as a chronic expanding hematoma was described. In addition, 3 cases were reported: 1 cat with perirenal chronic expanding hematoma; 1 bitch with intra-abdominal presentation, and 1 cat with this pathology on the right pelvic limb after an intramuscular injection. The etiology of chronic expansive hematoma is unidentified in dogs, nevertheless, it is stipulated that is not an inflammatory process as previously assumed, but rather a neoplastic process. As in other cases, it was difficult to determine the origin of the chronic expanding hematoma. The coagulation times and platelets count were within ranges. Similarly, it is very complicated to relate hyperadrenocorticism with chronic expanding hematoma because dogs with Cushing's disease generally present hypercoagulopathies. Myxomas are associated with endocrinopathies in humans and dogs, therefore, hyperadrenocorticism is possibly related with this neoplasia. Myxomas have an expansive growth pattern, contrasting with myxosarcomas, which are infiltrating; Although in the present case the skin mass appeared to be invasive, both macroscopical and histopathological appearance of it corresponded to a well-shaped capsule compatible with chronic expanding hematoma. In summary, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a post-surgical chronic expanding hematoma in a dog.

Esteatite granulomatosa em canino com terapêutica cirúrgica / Granulomate state in canine with surgical therapy

O câncer permanece como a principal causa de morte nos cães, e possivelmente, nos gatos também. Durante vários anos, diversas modalidades terapêuticas foram utilizadas nos cães com câncer. Atualmente, tumores inoperáveis ou metastáticos podem ser tratados com graus variáveis de sucesso. A paniculite, ou esteatite, é a inflamação do tecido adiposo subcutâneo, pode ser causada por agentes infecciosos, como bactérias e fungos, distúrbios imunomediados, como lúpus eritematoso sistêmico, lesão física, como traumas iatrogênicos, distúrbios nutricionais, como deficiência de vitamina E, doenças pancreáticas ou mesmo de causa idiopática. Sendo assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi relatar conduta (através de exames complementares, a fim de antecipar e preparar um adequado plano cirúrgico), terapêutica (procedimento de exérese dos nódulos) e resultados obtidos (com o histopatológico) do caso de um canino, de 1 ano, da raça pug, com nodulações pela extensão do corpo, de evolução rápida, que posteriormente, após remoção cirúrgica, no histopatológico foi diagnosticado como esteatite granulomatosa. Demonstrar através desse relato a importância dos exames de diagnóstico para a diferenciação de casos neoplásicos e não neoplásicos.

Cancer remains the leading cause of death in dogs, and possibly in cats as well. For several years, various therapeutic modalities have been used in dogs with cancer. Today, inoperable or metastatic tumors can be treated with varying degrees of success. Panniculitis, or steatitis, is the inflammation of subcutaneous adipose tissue, can be caused by infectious agents such as bacteria and fungi, immune-mediated disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus, physical injury such as iatrogenic trauma, nutritional disorders such as vitamin E deficiency, pancreatic diseases or even of idiopathic cause. Thus, the objective of the study was to report conduct (through complementary exams in order to anticipate and prepare an appropriate surgical plan), therapy (nodule excision procedure) and results (with histopathology) of a canine case, 1 year old, pug breed, with rapidly evolving nodules for body extension, which later, after surgical removal, was histologically diagnosed as granulomatous steatitis. Demonstrate through this report the importance of diagnostic tests for the differentiation of neoplastic and non-neoplastic cases.

Feline subcutaneous pythiosis / Pitiose subcutânea em um felino

Pythiosis in felines is a rare disease associated with the oomycete Pythium insidiosum. The aim of this report was to describe the macroscopic, histopathological, and molecular characteristics of P. insidiosum infection in a 2-year-old cat, with a localized invasive subcutaneous mass. The feline had an increase of volume near the anal region since it was younger. The cat died just after surgery. The necropsy was performed, and samples were collected for histopathological examination. Microscopically, the skin lesion was characterized by necro-eosinophilic dermatitis, panniculitis, and myositis surrounding negatively stained hyphal structures. In the sections stained with GMS, dark brown hyphae were clearly seen inside the affected tissue. They were rarely septate and their walls were almost parallel. Immunohistochemistry using a polyclonal anti-P. insidiosum antibody showed a strongly immunostained hyphae into the lesions. The analysis based on PCR had a positive result for P. insidiosum. Pythiosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of subcutaneous tissue disorders in felines.(AU)

Pitiose em felinos é uma doença de ocorrência rara associada ao oomiceto Pythium insidiosum. O objetivo deste relato é descrever as características macroscópicas, histopatológicas e moleculares da infecção por P. insidiosum em um gato de dois anos de idade, com uma massa invasiva localizada no subcutâneo. O gato morreu logo após a cirurgia, sendo realizada a necropsia e coleta de amostras para exame histopatológico. Microscopicamente, a lesão cutânea foi caracterizada por dermatite necroeosinofílica, paniculite e miosite envolvendo imagens de hifas negativamente coradas. Nas seções coradas com GMS, hifas marrom-escuras foram claramente vistas dentro do tecido afetado. As hifas raramente eram septadas e suas paredes eram quase paralelas. A imuno-histoquímica, utilizando um anticorpo policlonal anti-P. insidiosum, mostrou hifas fortemente imunomarcadas nas lesões. A análise baseada em PCR teve resultado positivo para P. insidiosum. A pitiose deve ser considerada no diagnóstico diferencial de desordens teciduais subcutâneas em felinos.(AU)

Esteatite granulomatosa em canino com terapêutica cirúrgica / Granulomate state in canine with surgical therapy

O câncer permanece como a principal causa de morte nos cães, e possivelmente, nos gatos também. Durante vários anos, diversas modalidades terapêuticas foram utilizadas nos cães com câncer. Atualmente, tumores inoperáveis ou metastáticos podem ser tratados com graus variáveis de sucesso. A paniculite, ou esteatite, é a inflamação do tecido adiposo subcutâneo, pode ser causada por agentes infecciosos, como bactérias e fungos, distúrbios imunomediados, como lúpus eritematoso sistêmico, lesão física, como traumas iatrogênicos, distúrbios nutricionais, como deficiência de vitamina E, doenças pancreáticas ou mesmo de causa idiopática. Sendo assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi relatar conduta (através de exames complementares, a fim de antecipar e preparar um adequado plano cirúrgico), terapêutica(procedimento de exérese dos nódulos) e resultados obtidos (com o histopatológico) do caso de um canino, de 1 ano, da raça pug, com nodulações pela extensão do corpo, de evolução rápida, que posteriormente, após remoção cirúrgica, no histopatológico foi diagnosticado como esteatite granulomatosa. Demonstrar através desse relato a importância dos exames de diagnóstico para a diferenciação de casos neoplásicos e não neoplásicos.(AU)

Cancer remains the leading cause of death in dogs, and possibly in cats as well. For several years, various therapeutic modalities have been used in dogs with cancer. Today, inoperable or metastatic tumors can be treated with varying degrees of success. Panniculitis, or steatitis, is the inflammation of subcutaneous adipose tissue, can be caused by infectious agents such as bacteria and fungi, immune-mediated disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus, physical injury such as iatrogenic trauma, nutritional disorders such as vitamin E deficiency, pancreatic diseases or even of idiopathic cause. Thus, the objective of the study was to report conduct (through complementary exams in order to anticipate and prepare an appropriate surgical plan), therapy (nodule excision procedure) and results (with histopathology) of a canine case, 1 year old, pug breed, with rapidly evolving nodules for body extension, which later, after surgical removal, was histologically diagnosed as granulomatous steatitis. Demonstrate through this report the importance of diagnostic tests for the differentiation of neoplastic and non-neoplastic cases.(AU)

Drug-induced panniculitis due to deworming in a dog ­ case report / Paniculite farmacodérmica decorrente de vermifugação em um cão - relato de caso

Outpatient clinics, clinics, and veterinary hospitals in the state of São Paulo and other Brazilian states commonly prescribe broad-spectrum vermicidal agents. The prescriptions are not based on coproparasitological examination results and drugs, including those used for the elimination of enteric parasites, are not innocuous and can potentially cause health hazards. Therefore, we report a clinical case of drug-induced panniculitis caused by deworming and show the actual occurrence of endoparasites in canine and feline outpatients at HOVET-USP.(AU)

É prática corrente em ambulatórios, consultórios, clínicas e hospitais veterinários paulistas, por não dizer brasileiros, a prescrição de ativos com ação vermicida, no senso lato, sem o embasamento do, hoje até prosaico, exame coproparasitológico. É sabido há muito que todo e qualquer fármaco não é inócuo e pode potencialmente acarretar agravos à saúde, e dentre estes incluem-se os ativos destinados à erradicação de parasitos entéricos. Decidiu-se assim por se relatar um caso clínico de paniculite farmacodérmica decorrente de vermifugação, bem como situar a real ocorrência de endoparasitas em pacientes, caninos e felinos, trazidos para atendimento ambulatorial no HOVET-USP.(AU)

Drug-induced panniculitis due to deworming in a dog ­ case report / Paniculite farmacodérmica decorrente de vermifugação em um cão - relato de caso

Outpatient clinics, clinics, and veterinary hospitals in the state of São Paulo and other Brazilian states commonly prescribe broad-spectrum vermicidal agents. The prescriptions are not based on coproparasitological examination results and drugs, including those used for the elimination of enteric parasites, are not innocuous and can potentially cause health hazards. Therefore, we report a clinical case of drug-induced panniculitis caused by deworming and show the actual occurrence of endoparasites in canine and feline outpatients at HOVET-USP.(AU)

É prática corrente em ambulatórios, consultórios, clínicas e hospitais veterinários paulistas, por não dizer brasileiros, a prescrição de ativos com ação vermicida, no senso lato, sem o embasamento do, hoje até prosaico, exame coproparasitológico. É sabido há muito que todo e qualquer fármaco não é inócuo e pode potencialmente acarretar agravos à saúde, e dentre estes incluem-se os ativos destinados à erradicação de parasitos entéricos. Decidiu-se assim por se relatar um caso clínico de paniculite farmacodérmica decorrente de vermifugação, bem como situar a real ocorrência de endoparasitas em pacientes, caninos e felinos, trazidos para atendimento ambulatorial no HOVET-USP.(AU)

Pyogranulomatous dermatitis and panniculitis due to Nocardia nova in a cat / Dermatite e paniculite piogranulomatosas causadas por Nocardia nova em um gato

Este relato descreve os achados clínicos, patológicos e microbiológicos de uma infecção incomum por Nocardia nova em um gato. Um gato macho, sem raça definida, de 3 anos de idade, apresentou ferida cutânea exsudativa e ulcerada. Amostras da lesão foram coletadas para histopatologia e bacteriologia. Histologicamente, a lesão consistiu de dermatite e paniculite piogranulomatosas associadas a colônias grandes e irregulares de bactérias filamentosas e ramificadas. O cultivo bacteriológico revelou bacilos filamentosos, gram-positivos, parcialmente ácido resistentes, visualizados pelas colorações de Gram e Kinyoun, respectivamente. A identificação da Nocardia novafoi confirmada pelo sequenciamento 16S rDNA e análise filogenética. Este é o primeiro caso de paniculite e dermatite piogranulomatosas em um gato causado por Nocardia nova registrado no Brasil.(AU)

This report describes the clinical, pathological and microbiological findings of an uncommon infection in a cat by Nocardia nova. A 3-year-old male domestic short hair cat with an ulcerated and exudative cutaneous wound was presented for clinical examination. Samples were collected for histopathology and bacteriology diagnosis. Microscopically, the lesion was diagnosed as pyogranulomatous dermatitis and panniculitis with large and irregular colonies of branching filamentous bacterium. Skin bacteriological culture showed gram-positive rods and partially acid-fast branching filaments by gram and kinyoun staining, respectively. The identity of Nocardia nova was confirmed by 16S rDNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. This is the first case of pyogranulomatous dermatitis and panniculitis in a cat caused byNocardia nova reported in Brazil.(AU)

Aspectos anatomopatológicos do linfoma cutâneo em cães – revisão / Anatomopathological aspects of cutaneous lymphoma in dogs – review / Características histopatológicas del linfoma cutáneo en perros – revisión

O linfoma é um dos tipos de câncer mais prevalentes em cães, no entanto, aspectos macroscópicos, de lesões superficiais eritematosas e esfoliativas a tumores. é incomum na pele. Quando se origina na pele, tem sido observado sob vários Histologicamente, os linfomas cutâneos são subdivididos em epiteliotrópicos. Os linfomas epiteliotrópicos geralmente são vistos como micose fungoide e, mais raramente, como reticulose pagetoide ou síndrome de Sézary. Os linfomas não epiteliotrópicos incluem: linfoma anaplásico de grandes células T, linfoma de células T periféricas inespecífico, granulomatose linfomatoide, linfoma intravascular e linfoma de células T semelhante a paniculite subcutânea. Esta revisão de literatura apresenta os aspectos macroscópicos e histopatológicos dos linfomas cutâneos caninos.

Lymphoma is one of the most prevalent forms of cancers in dogs, however, it is uncommon on the skin. Cutaneous lymphoma can present as erythematous and exfoliative superficial lesions or raised masses. Histologically, cutaneous lymphomas are subdivided into epitheliotropic and non-epitheliotropic. Epitheliotropic lymphomas is mostly seen as mycosis fungoides and more rarely as pagetoid reticulosis or Sézary syndrome. Non-epitheliotropic lymphomas include anaplastic large T-cell lymphoma, unspecified peripheral T-cell lymphoma, lymphomatoid granulomatosis, intravascular lymphoma, and subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma. This literature review presents macroscopic and histopathological aspects of canine cutaneous lymphomas.

El linfoma representa uno de los tipos de cáncer más prevalentes en perros, si bien su manifestación dérmica es poco frecuente. Los linfomas de piel pueden presentarse como lesiones superficiales eritematosas y exfoliativas, o bien como tumores. Desde el punto de vista histológico pueden ser clasificados como epiteliotrópicos y no epiteliotrópicos. Los primeros suelen ser vistos como micosis fúngica y, más raro, como reticulosis pagetoide o Síndrome de Sézary. Los linfomas no epiteliotrópicos incluyen el linfoma anaplásico de células T gigantes, linfoma inespecífico de células T, granulomatosis linfomatoide, linfoma intravascular y linfoma de células T similar a paniculitis subcutánea. Esta revisión de literatura presenta aspectos macroscópicos e histopatológicos de los linfomas cutáneos del perro.

Aspectos anatomopatológicos do linfoma cutâneo em cães revisão / Anatomopathological aspects of cutaneous lymphoma in dogs review / Características histopatológicas del linfoma cutáneo en perros revisión

O linfoma é um dos tipos de câncer mais prevalentes em cães, no entanto, aspectos macroscópicos, de lesões superficiais eritematosas e esfoliativas a tumores. é incomum na pele. Quando se origina na pele, tem sido observado sob vários Histologicamente, os linfomas cutâneos são subdivididos em epiteliotrópicos. Os linfomas epiteliotrópicos geralmente são vistos como micose fungoide e, mais raramente, como reticulose pagetoide ou síndrome de Sézary. Os linfomas não epiteliotrópicos incluem: linfoma anaplásico de grandes células T, linfoma de células T periféricas inespecífico, granulomatose linfomatoide, linfoma intravascular e linfoma de células T semelhante a paniculite subcutânea. Esta revisão de literatura apresenta os aspectos macroscópicos e histopatológicos dos linfomas cutâneos caninos.(AU)

Lymphoma is one of the most prevalent forms of cancers in dogs, however, it is uncommon on the skin. Cutaneous lymphoma can present as erythematous and exfoliative superficial lesions or raised masses. Histologically, cutaneous lymphomas are subdivided into epitheliotropic and non-epitheliotropic. Epitheliotropic lymphomas is mostly seen as mycosis fungoides and more rarely as pagetoid reticulosis or Sézary syndrome. Non-epitheliotropic lymphomas include anaplastic large T-cell lymphoma, unspecified peripheral T-cell lymphoma, lymphomatoid granulomatosis, intravascular lymphoma, and subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma. This literature review presents macroscopic and histopathological aspects of canine cutaneous lymphomas.(AU)

El linfoma representa uno de los tipos de cáncer más prevalentes en perros, si bien su manifestación dérmica es poco frecuente. Los linfomas de piel pueden presentarse como lesiones superficiales eritematosas y exfoliativas, o bien como tumores. Desde el punto de vista histológico pueden ser clasificados como epiteliotrópicos y no epiteliotrópicos. Los primeros suelen ser vistos como micosis fúngica y, más raro, como reticulosis pagetoide o Síndrome de Sézary. Los linfomas no epiteliotrópicos incluyen el linfoma anaplásico de células T gigantes, linfoma inespecífico de células T, granulomatosis linfomatoide, linfoma intravascular y linfoma de células T similar a paniculitis subcutánea. Esta revisión de literatura presenta aspectos macroscópicos e histopatológicos de los linfomas cutáneos del perro.(AU)

Cutaneous toxoplasmosis in an immunosuppressed dog / Toxoplasmose cutânea em um cão imunosuprimido

A seven-year-old female spayed Schnauzer was presented with cutaneous ulcerated nodular lesions shortly after the beginning of an immunosuppressive treatment for immune-mediated hemolytic disease. Cytology was performed and a great number of neutrophils and banana-shaped organisms were observed. Biopsy showed a neutrophilic and histiocytic dermatitis and panniculitis with myriads of intralesional bradyzoites cysts and tachyzoites. PCR analysis was positive for Toxoplasma gondii and negative for Neospora caninum. Immunohistochemistry confirmed intralesional T. gondii antigens. This study reports a rare case of cutaneous toxoplasmosis in an immunosuppressed dog.(AU)

Uma cadela Schnauzer, castrada, de sete anos apresentou lesões cutâneas nodulares ulceradas pouco tempo após início de tratamento imunossupressor para doença hemolítica imunomediada. Foi realizado exame citológico, e um grande número de neutrófilos e estruturas em forma de banana foi observado. Biópsia mostrou dermatite e paniculite neutrofílica e histiocítica com miríades de taquizoítos e cistos de bradizoítos intralesionais. PCR foi positivo para Toxoplasma gondii e negativo para Neospora caninum. Imuno-histoquímica confirmou antígenos de T. gondii intralesionais. Este trabalho relata um caso raro de toxoplasmose cutânea em um cão imunossuprimido.(AU)

Paniculite traumática em um cão / Traumatic panniculitis in a dog

Background: Panniculitis can be associated with a group of multifactorial diseases that develop intense inflammatory response of the subcutaneous fat tissue. The damaged fat cells suffer hydrolysis and saponification. The etiology remains unknown, although it has been associated with infectious agents, vascular pathologies, pancreatic disorders, neoplasms, immunologic diseases and nutritional deficiencies. Nodular sterile panniculitis is referred to the fat subcutaneous tissue inflammation without the presence of microorganisms and generally is presented with multiple or single nodules associated either with systemic or traumatic issues. This assay reports a case of traumatic Panniculitis presented as a single nodule on a dog admitted at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Passo Fundo University (HV-UPF), State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, emphasizing the clinical signs, diagnosis and surgical treatment. Case: An adult mixed breed bitch, weighting 7,5 kg, was admitted at the HV-UPF because of a one-month evolution of a dorsal thoracic subcutaneous mass. Symptomatic treatment with unknown oral antibiotics was administered by another veterinarian, who also tried to perform local puncture drainage unsuccessfully. There was no previous history of local puncture or subcutaneous drug infiltration that could explain the mass. During physical examination, a single, painless and nodular subcutaneous mass (4 x 6 cm) was located on the dorsal thoracic median line, below the scapula, discharging a serosanguineous fluid probably due to the previous puncture. No other occurrences were found. The patient was treated with cephalexin and meloxicam. Hematological and biochemistry examinations were within reference range. Cytological exam demonstrated slightly degenerated neutrophilis and a great amount of adipose tissue. This could suggest, among other pathologies, neoplasm. Surgery was performed after 15 days. An elliptical incision was performed maintaining a 2,5 cm safety margin from the mass. Histopathological findings were compatible with sterile nodular panniculitis, likely traumatic. Discussion: There was a single, firm, regular, painless nodule, correspondent with other studies. The lesion location was also similar to other author's findings. Cytological findings were unspecific and could lead to several diagnoses. Careful pathologic study is necessary to differentiate from benign or malignant neoplasms and other affections. The hematological and biochemistry examinations, ultrasounds and radiographs were all within reference range on the case. These diagnose tools are very important and should always be used in order to achieve the correct screening, diagnosis and treatment. Surgical removal was considered effective, once 7 months after the treatment there was no local recurrence, with great cosmetic result.

Traumatic Panniculitis in a dog / Paniculite traumática em um cão

Background: Panniculitis can be associated with a group of multifactorial diseases that develop intense inflammatory response of the subcutaneous fat tissue. The damaged fat cells suffer hydrolysis and saponification. The etiology remains unknown, although it has been associated with infectious agents, vascular pathologies, pancreatic disorders, neoplasms, immunologic diseases and nutritional deficiencies. Nodular sterile panniculitis is referred to the fat subcutaneous tissue inflammation without the presence of microorganisms and generally is presented with multiple or single nodules associated either with systemic or traumatic issues. This assay reports a case of traumatic Panniculitis presented as a single nodule on a dog admitted at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Passo Fundo University (HV-UPF), State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, emphasizing the clinical signs, diagnosis and surgical treatment.Case: An adult mixed breed bitch, weighting 7,5 kg, was admitted at the HV-UPF because of a one-month evolution of a dorsal thoracic subcutaneous mass. Symptomatic treatment with unknown oral antibiotics was administered by another veterinarian, who also tried to perform local puncture drainage unsuccessfully. There was no previous history of local puncture or subcutaneous drug infiltration that could explain the mass. During physical examination, a single, painless and nodular

Background: Panniculitis can be associated with a group of multifactorial diseases that develop intense inflammatory response of the subcutaneous fat tissue. The damaged fat cells suffer hydrolysis and saponification. The etiology remains unknown, although it has been associated with infectious agents, vascular pathologies, pancreatic disorders, neoplasms, immunologic diseases and nutritional deficiencies. Nodular sterile panniculitis is referred to the fat subcutaneous tissue inflammation without the presence of microorganisms and generally is presented with multiple or single nodules associated either with systemic or traumatic issues. This assay reports a case of traumatic Panniculitis presented as a single nodule on a dog admitted at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Passo Fundo University (HV-UPF), State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, emphasizing the clinical signs, diagnosis and surgical treatment.Case: An adult mixed breed bitch, weighting 7,5 kg, was admitted at the HV-UPF because of a one-month evolution of a dorsal thoracic subcutaneous mass. Symptomatic treatment with unknown oral antibiotics was administered by another veterinarian, who also tried to perform local puncture drainage unsuccessfully. There was no previous history of local puncture or subcutaneous drug infiltration that could explain the mass. During physical examination, a single, painless and nodular

Paniculite em cão: relato de caso / Panniculitis in dog: case report / o

Paniculitis es una enfermedad multifactorial con un foco inflamatorio en el tejido adiposo subcutáneo y su etiología desconocida y puede estar asociada con el trauma, infecciones, alteraciones pancreáticas, deficiências nutricionales y procesos imunemediados. Se informa en este documento, el caso de una perra, Shih Tzu, ocho anos de edad, con presentación clínica de nódulos cutáneos y no hay más cambios dignos de mención, cuya citología era compatible con el diagnóstico de paniculitis. El caso fue tratado con antibióticos por vía oral y com êxito de glucocorticoides.

Panniculitis is a multifactorial disease with an inflammatory focus in subcutaneous adipose tissue and their unknown etiology and may be associated with trauma, infections, pancreatic alterations, nutritional deficiencies and imunemediados processes. It is reported in this paper, the case of a bitch, Shih Tzu, eight years old with clinical presentation of cutaneous nodules and no further changes worthy of note, whose cytology was consistent with the diagnosis of panniculitis. The case was treated with oral antibiotics and successfully glucocorticoid.

Paniculite é uma doença multifatorial com um foco inflamatório no tecido adiposo subcutâneo sendo sua etiologia desconhecida, e pode estar associada a traumas, infecções, alterações pancreáticas, deficiências nutricionais e processos imunemediados. Relata-se neste trabalho, o caso de uma cadela, Shih Tzu, oito anos de idade com apresentação clínica de nódulos cutâneos e nenhuma outra alteração digna de nota, cujo exame citológico foi compatível com o diagnóstico de paniculite. O caso foi tratado com antibioticoterapia oral e glicocorticoide com sucesso.

Plantas que causam alterações mecânicas ou traumáticas em ruminantes e equinos, com ênfase em Stipa spp. (Gramineae) / Plants that cause mechanic or traumatic alterations in ruminants and horses, with emphasis on Stipa spp. (Gamineae)

Many plants cause mechanical injury in horses and ruminants, as those that cause traumatism on skin and mucosa, and those that cause lesions in the digestive system, including esophagus obstruction, rumen overload, and intestinal obstruction. In this paper, plants causing mechanical injury to ruminants and horses in Brazil are reviewed, and an outbreak in sheep of mechanical injury of the skin by Stipa sp. in Uruguay is reported. The sheep, mainly lambs, showed large number of fruits of Stipa sp. in the wool, some of them penetrating the skin, panniculus adiposus, and cutaneous trunci muscle, causing multifocal dermatitis and panniculitis.

Várias plantas podem provocar algum tipo de injúria mecânica. Entre elas as que causam traumatismo da pele ou mucosas, e as que causam alterações do sistema digestório, incluindo obstrução esofágica, sobrecarga ruminal e obstrução intestinal. Neste trabalho são revisadas algumas plantas que causam essas alterações e é descrito um surto de injúria mecânica causada por Stipa spp. (flechilha) em ovinos no Uruguai. Os animais, principalmente os cordeiros, apresentavam grande quantidade dos frutos de flechilha incrustadas na lã e alguns desses se introduziam na pele, panículo adiposo e músculo cutâneo do tronco causando dermatite e paniculite multifocal difusa.

Plantas que causam alterações mecânicas ou traumáticas em ruminantes e equinos, com ênfase em Stipa spp. (Gramineae) / Plants that cause mechanic or traumatic alterations in ruminants and horses, with emphasis on Stipa spp. (Gamineae)

Many plants cause mechanical injury in horses and ruminants, as those that cause traumatism on skin and mucosa, and those that cause lesions in the digestive system, including esophagus obstruction, rumen overload, and intestinal obstruction. In this paper, plants causing mechanical injury to ruminants and horses in Brazil are reviewed, and an outbreak in sheep of mechanical injury of the skin by Stipa sp. in Uruguay is reported. The sheep, mainly lambs, showed large number of fruits of Stipa sp. in the wool, some of them penetrating the skin, panniculus adiposus, and cutaneous trunci muscle, causing multifocal dermatitis and panniculitis.(AU)

Várias plantas podem provocar algum tipo de injúria mecânica. Entre elas as que causam traumatismo da pele ou mucosas, e as que causam alterações do sistema digestório, incluindo obstrução esofágica, sobrecarga ruminal e obstrução intestinal. Neste trabalho são revisadas algumas plantas que causam essas alterações e é descrito um surto de injúria mecânica causada por Stipa spp. (flechilha) em ovinos no Uruguai. Os animais, principalmente os cordeiros, apresentavam grande quantidade dos frutos de flechilha incrustadas na lã e alguns desses se introduziam na pele, panículo adiposo e músculo cutâneo do tronco causando dermatite e paniculite multifocal difusa.(AU)

Lechiguana em bovinos: aspectos patogênicos

Two cattle were infected at the left scapula with larvae of the Dermatobia hominis, while one of them was infected with the Mannheimia granulomatis. Biopsies of the lesions were taken at the 7, 14, 21 and 28 days p.i. for subsequent histopatological, immunohistochemical and electron microscopical studies. In the only animal infected with larvae, eosinophilic dermatitis, infiltration of mononuclear cells and proliferation of connective tissue characterized the histological lesions. The simultaneous inoculation of Dermatobia hominis and Mannheimia granulomatis caused, besides the characteristic lesions of the parasitosis, linfangitis and eosinophilic microabscesses, similar changes to those observed in spontaneous cases of the disease. In the samples taken after 28 days of the bacterial infection it was observed, in both immunohistochemestry and by electronic microscopy the presence of apparently intact bacterial bodies inside macrophages fagosomes, suggesting that the bacteria is inside the macrophages until some unknown factors trigger the development of the illness. Mannheimia granulomatis was isolated from larvae gathered 42 days after inoculation demonstrating that the bacteria can survive inside the larva Dermatobia hominis. Data from the study indicate that the larvae of Dermatobia hominis may act as a contributing factor to the development of proliferative fibrogranulomatous panniculitis.

Dois bovinos foram infectados com larvas de Dermatobia hominis na região escapular esquerda, e o local de infecção de um dos bovinos foi inoculado com Mannheimia granulomatis. Aos sete, 14, 21 e 28 dias, foram feitas biópsias cirúrgicas dos locais de inoculação das larvas para posterior estudo histológico, imuno-histoquímico e avaliação por microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. No bovino infectado somente com as larvas, as lesões histológicas se caracterizaram por dermatite eosinofílica, infiltrado de células mononucleares e proliferação de tecido conjuntivo. A inoculação simultânea de Dermatobia hominis e Mannheimia granulomatis provocou adicionalmente linfangite e microabscessos eosinofílicos, similares aos observados em casos espontâneos da enfermidade. Na amostra coletada aos 28 dias após a infecção bacteriana, foi observada, tanto na imuno-histoquímica, como por meio da microscopia eletrônica, a presença de corpos bacterianos aparentemente intactos no interior de fagossomas macrofágicos, sugerindo que a bactéria permanece dentro dos macrófagos até que algum fator desconhecido desencadeie o desenvolvimento da enfermidade. A Mannheimia granulomatis foi isolada de larvas coletadas aos 42 dias após a inoculação, demonstrando que a bactéria pode sobreviver por algum tempo na larva de Dermatobia hominis. Os dados do trabalho indicam que as larvas de Dermatobia hominis podem atuar como um fator contribuinte para o desenvolvimento da paniculite fibrogranulomatosa proliferativa.

Lechiguana em bovinos: aspectos patogênicos

Two cattle were infected at the left scapula with larvae of the Dermatobia hominis, while one of them was infected with the Mannheimia granulomatis. Biopsies of the lesions were taken at the 7, 14, 21 and 28 days p.i. for subsequent histopatological, immunohistochemical and electron microscopical studies. In the only animal infected with larvae, eosinophilic dermatitis, infiltration of mononuclear cells and proliferation of connective tissue characterized the histological lesions. The simultaneous inoculation of Dermatobia hominis and Mannheimia granulomatis caused, besides the characteristic lesions of the parasitosis, linfangitis and eosinophilic microabscesses, similar changes to those observed in spontaneous cases of the disease. In the samples taken after 28 days of the bacterial infection it was observed, in both immunohistochemestry and by electronic microscopy the presence of apparently intact bacterial bodies inside macrophages fagosomes, suggesting that the bacteria is inside the macrophages until some unknown factors trigger the development of the illness. Mannheimia granulomatis was isolated from larvae gathered 42 days after inoculation demonstrating that the bacteria can survive inside the larva Dermatobia hominis. Data from the study indicate that the larvae of Dermatobia hominis may act as a contributing factor to the development of proliferative fibrogranulomatous panniculitis.

Dois bovinos foram infectados com larvas de Dermatobia hominis na região escapular esquerda, e o local de infecção de um dos bovinos foi inoculado com Mannheimia granulomatis. Aos sete, 14, 21 e 28 dias, foram feitas biópsias cirúrgicas dos locais de inoculação das larvas para posterior estudo histológico, imuno-histoquímico e avaliação por microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. No bovino infectado somente com as larvas, as lesões histológicas se caracterizaram por dermatite eosinofílica, infiltrado de células mononucleares e proliferação de tecido conjuntivo. A inoculação simultânea de Dermatobia hominis e Mannheimia granulomatis provocou adicionalmente linfangite e microabscessos eosinofílicos, similares aos observados em casos espontâneos da enfermidade. Na amostra coletada aos 28 dias após a infecção bacteriana, foi observada, tanto na imuno-histoquímica, como por meio da microscopia eletrônica, a presença de corpos bacterianos aparentemente intactos no interior de fagossomas macrofágicos, sugerindo que a bactéria permanece dentro dos macrófagos até que algum fator desconhecido desencadeie o desenvolvimento da enfermidade. A Mannheimia granulomatis foi isolada de larvas coletadas aos 42 dias após a inoculação, demonstrando que a bactéria pode sobreviver por algum tempo na larva de Dermatobia hominis. Os dados do trabalho indicam que as larvas de Dermatobia hominis podem atuar como um fator contribuinte para o desenvolvimento da paniculite fibrogranulomatosa proliferativa.

Traumatic Panniculitis in a dog / Paniculite traumática em um cão

Background: Panniculitis can be associated with a group of multifactorial diseases that develop intense inflammatory response of the subcutaneous fat tissue. The damaged fat cells suffer hydrolysis and saponification. The etiology remains unknown, although it has been associated with infectious agents, vascular pathologies, pancreatic disorders, neoplasms, immunologic diseases and nutritional deficiencies. Nodular sterile panniculitis is referred to the fat subcutaneous tissue inflammation without the presence of microorganisms and generally is presented with multiple or single nodules associated either with systemic or traumatic issues. This assay reports a case of traumatic Panniculitis presented as a single nodule on a dog admitted at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Passo Fundo University (HV-UPF), State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, emphasizing the clinical signs, diagnosis and surgical treatment.Case: An adult mixed breed bitch, weighting 7,5 kg, was admitted at the HV-UPF because of a one-month evolution of a dorsal thoracic subcutaneous mass. Symptomatic treatment with unknown oral antibiotics was administered by another veterinarian, who also tried to perform local puncture drainage unsuccessfully. There was no previous history of local puncture or subcutaneous drug infiltration that could explain the mass. During physical examination, a single, painless and nodular

Background: Panniculitis can be associated with a group of multifactorial diseases that develop intense inflammatory response of the subcutaneous fat tissue. The damaged fat cells suffer hydrolysis and saponification. The etiology remains unknown, although it has been associated with infectious agents, vascular pathologies, pancreatic disorders, neoplasms, immunologic diseases and nutritional deficiencies. Nodular sterile panniculitis is referred to the fat subcutaneous tissue inflammation without the presence of microorganisms and generally is presented with multiple or single nodules associated either with systemic or traumatic issues. This assay reports a case of traumatic Panniculitis presented as a single nodule on a dog admitted at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Passo Fundo University (HV-UPF), State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, emphasizing the clinical signs, diagnosis and surgical treatment.Case: An adult mixed breed bitch, weighting 7,5 kg, was admitted at the HV-UPF because of a one-month evolution of a dorsal thoracic subcutaneous mass. Symptomatic treatment with unknown oral antibiotics was administered by another veterinarian, who also tried to perform local puncture drainage unsuccessfully. There was no previous history of local puncture or subcutaneous drug infiltration that could explain the mass. During physical examination, a single, painless and nodular

Estudos complementares da infecção por Mannheimia granulomatis (lechiguana) em bovinos / Complementary studies of the infection by Mannheimia granulomatis (lechiguana) in cattle

Vários experimentos foram realizados para demonstrar a participação de Dermatobia hominis na etiologia da lechiguana: (1) Lesões experimentais causadas por larvas da mosca em um bovino foram infectadas com Mannheimia granulomatis. Foram realizadas biópsias em duas lesões produzidas pela larva. Em uma dessas biópsias foi observada linfangite eosinofílica e proliferação de tecido conectivo, similares às encontradas na lechiguana. (2) Com o objetivo de detectar a possível participação de Dermatobia hominis como vetor de Mannheimia granulomatis, foi realizado o estudo bacteriológico de 72 larvas e o mesmo número de exsudatos, provenientes de lesões de Dermatobia hominis, não tendo sido isolada a bactéria em nenhuma oportunidade. (3) Lesões espontâneas da mosca foram infectadas com uma suspensão da bactéria em 9 bovinos, sendo que um dos animais desenvolveu uma lesão de lechiguana 3 meses após a inoculação. (4) Foram estudadas duas lesões fibroproliferativas, clinicamente similares a lechiguana, causadas pela larva de Dermatobia hominis. Histologicamente estas lesões caracterizam-se por proliferação de tecido fibroso com presença de granulomas focais, diferenciando-se da lechiguana por não apresentar linfangite eosinofílica e calcificação de fibras colágenas. O fato de Dermatobia hominis, ocasionalmente, produzir uma reação fibrogranulomatosa, sugere que esta poderia ser a lesão inicial da lechiguana, se infectada por Mannheimia granulomatis...(AU)