Reação farmacodérmica em um Yorkshire Terrier após administração de metronidazol com amoxicilina clavulanato de potássio / Pharmacodermic reaction in a Yorkshire Terrier after administration of metronidazole with amoxillin-clavulanate potassium

A administração de fármacos para tratamento, prevenção e diagnóstico de doenças é amplamente utilizada na medicina veterinária; porém, esta prática pode provocar reações indesejadas em alguns casos, mesmo quando empregados nas doses, vias de administração e intervalos recomendados. Com relação às manifestações clínicas, essas podem envolver qualquer órgão ou sistema, mas a pele é o órgão mais frequentemente acometido, classificando-se então como uma farmacodermia. Uma farmacodermia, embora seja considerada uma afecção de rara ocorrência em cães, é extremamente importante na rotina veterinária, dada a sua gravidade e difícil diagnóstico decorrente da inespecificidade de sinais clínicos. O presente relato de caso teve como objetivo descrever o caso de uma cadela de onze anos de idade, da raça Yorkshire Terrier. O animal foi tratado com amoxicilina + clavulanato de potássio via subcutânea na dose de 20mg/mL, a cada 8 horas e metronidazol via intravenosa na dose de 15mg/mL, a cada 12 horas. Após o tratamento, este apresentou lesões cutâneas necróticas no dorso, demonstrando melhora clínica e regressão das lesões, após a suspensão imediata dos medicamentos. Assim, foi definido como diagnóstico presuntivo a farmacodermia do tipo necrólise epidermal tóxica. Desta forma, o presente trabalho visa difundir informações sobre a farmacodermia, buscando orientar na conduta terapêutica de pacientes com essa afecção, pelo fato de se tratar de uma doença pouco relatada na medicina veterinária.

The administration of drugs for the treatment, prevention, and diagnosis of diseases is widely used in veterinary medicine; however, this practice may cause unwanted reactions in some cases, even when used at the recommended doses, routes of administration, and intervals. Regarding the clinical manifestations, these can involve any organ or system, but the skin is the most frequently affected organ, classifying it as a pharmacoderma. Pharmacoderma, although considered a rare condition in dogs, is extremely important in the veterinary routine, given its severity and difficult diagnosis due to the non-specificity of clinical signs. The present case report aimed to describe the case of an eleven-year-old female Yorkshire Terrier. The animal was treated with amoxicillin + potassium clavulanate subcutaneously at a dose of 20mg/mL every 8 hours and intravenous metronidazole at a dose of 15mg/mL, every 12 hours. After the treatment, it presented necrotic skin lesions on the back, showing clinical improvement and regression of lesions after immediate suspension of medication. Thus, the pharmacoderma of toxic epidermal necrolysis type was defined as the presumptive diagnosis. In this way, Therefore, the present work aims to disseminate information about pharmacodermia, seeking to guide the therapeutic conduct of patients with this condition since it is a disease that is rarely reported in veterinary medicine.

Eosinophilic folliculitis in a dog

Background: Canine eosinophilic folliculitis is a dermatological disease of acute onset with development of erosive to ulcerative papular lesions, especially on the nasal bridge, that may cause severe skin abnormalities leading to discomfort and pain to the patient. The aim of this report was to characterize a case of a canine eosinophilic folliculitis with papular, ulcerative and crusting dermatitis on the nasal bridge, papules on eyelid and pinna, with confirmed diagnosis based on aspiration cytology, history and response to immunosuppressive therapy with glucocorticoid. Case: An 1-year-old intact Daschund was attended showing an acute onset (over 4 h) of generalized urticarial reaction and nonpruriginous lesion at the muzzle with mild serosanguineous exudate, which persisted for 96 h when the dog was evaluated. It was observed a papular and ulcerative dermatitis with serosanguineous exudate and hematic crusts at nasal bridge, papules measuring 2 mm in diameter in the medial and lateral canthus of the left eyelid, ulcerative papule with hematic crust in the border of left ear pinna, multifocal papules on the skin, dyskeratosis and generalized hair loss. The patient was anesthetized for blood sampling (CBC and serum biochemistry), lesions fine-needle aspiration, scraping and imprint for cytological examination, bacterial culture and nasal turbinates radiography. Fragments for histopathological evaluation were also collected. Erythrogram and platelet evaluation were unremarkable. Leukogram revealed leukocytosis (neutrophilia, lymphocytosis, monocytosis and eosinophilia). Serum biochemistry revealed hyperalbuminemia and discrete hyperproteinemia; values of alanine aminotransferase, creatinine and globulins were within normal range. In cytological examination, intense cellularity was observed with predominance of eosinophils (60%), neutrophils (35%), macrophages performing cytophagocytosis (5%) and degenerated cells. There was no bacterial growth within 48 h after incubation of nasal bridge lesion swab. There were no abnormalities identified at radiographic evaluation of nasal turbinates. As the patient was already with antibiotic therapy and steroidal anti-inflammatory, it was opted to maintain it, since interruption between the day of examination and laboratory results could cause more prejudice than benefit, corticosteroid dose, however, was readjusted (prednisone 2 mg/kg/per os/every 24h). After 1 week of treatment the owner reported significant improvement of clinical signs without any further complaint. Discussion: Typically, type I hypersensitivity reactions such as insect bites do not exceed clinical signs of erythema, local edema and pruritus, with spontaneous remission of clinical signs within few hours after exposure to the antigen. Eosinophilic folliculitis, however, may cause more severe clinical alterations, such as pain, apathy and hyporexia. Nasal bridge is the predominant site described to be affected in cases of eosinophilic folliculitis, being auricular pinna, thorax and limbs considered atypical presentations which can delay proper diagnosis, since in endemic regions for diseases such as visceral leishmaniasis, infectious etiology may be listed first. Differential diagnosis also includes superficial pyoderma, juvenile cellulitis, pemphigus foliaceus and pharmacodermia. The case described in this report emphasize the importance of an accurate diagnosis as well as an early and adequate treatment in order to promote satisfactory response. Also, highlights inadequate use of antimicrobials as a direct consequence of lack of laboratorial investigation.

Topical ozone therapy in the treatment of pharmacodermia in a dog (Canis lupus familiaris)

Background: Pharmacodermia is a drug reaction that manifests itself on the skin and mucous membranes. The main drugsthat cause pharmacodermia are β-lactam antibiotics. It has a rare occurrence in dogs and may present different clinical signs.Ozone therapy is used to treat various conditions, such as infections and inflammatory diseases. This therapy acts throughoxidative stress generating a positive inflammatory response to the body and stimulating the formation of granulation tissue andangiogenesis. Since pharmacodermia is rare in dogs and reports of ozonized sunflower oil and ozone for treat pharmacodermiais are rare in the literature, this paper aimed to report the use of ozonized sunflower oil in the treatment of pharmacodermiain a young female Rottweiler dog assisted and treated at a private veterinary clinic in Garanhuns, Pernambuco, Brazil.Case: A 2-year-old Rottweiler female, weighting 53.3 kg was attended at a private veterinary clinic in Garanhuns (Pernambuco- PE) with a history of dystocia. The dog was submitted to ovary-hysterectomy under general anesthesia. After anesthesiarecovery was prescribed omeprazol (1 mg/kg, orally (P.O) SID for 10 days), cephalexin (20 mg/kg, P.O. BID for 10 days),tramadol hydrochloride (4 mg/kg, P.O. BID for seven days), carprofen (4.4 mg/kg, P.O. SID for three days), and the use ofElizabethan collar. Furthermore, for topical treatment was described chlorhexidine digluconate (0.2%) and ointment of allantoin and zinc oxide, SID, for 10 days. Seven days after the surgical procedure, the owner’s dog reported by a telephone callthe appearance of wounds in the dorsal region of the dog. Ten days after surgery, the dog returned to the veterinary clinic forstitches removal and wounds evaluation. During the physical examination, observed the presence of two cutaneous wounds,one located in the cervicothoracic region and the other wound...

Topical ozone therapy in the treatment of pharmacodermia in a dog (Canis lupus familiaris)

Background: Pharmacodermia is a drug reaction that manifests itself on the skin and mucous membranes. The main drugsthat cause pharmacodermia are β-lactam antibiotics. It has a rare occurrence in dogs and may present different clinical signs.Ozone therapy is used to treat various conditions, such as infections and inflammatory diseases. This therapy acts throughoxidative stress generating a positive inflammatory response to the body and stimulating the formation of granulation tissue andangiogenesis. Since pharmacodermia is rare in dogs and reports of ozonized sunflower oil and ozone for treat pharmacodermiais are rare in the literature, this paper aimed to report the use of ozonized sunflower oil in the treatment of pharmacodermiain a young female Rottweiler dog assisted and treated at a private veterinary clinic in Garanhuns, Pernambuco, Brazil.Case: A 2-year-old Rottweiler female, weighting 53.3 kg was attended at a private veterinary clinic in Garanhuns (Pernambuco- PE) with a history of dystocia. The dog was submitted to ovary-hysterectomy under general anesthesia. After anesthesiarecovery was prescribed omeprazol (1 mg/kg, orally (P.O) SID for 10 days), cephalexin (20 mg/kg, P.O. BID for 10 days),tramadol hydrochloride (4 mg/kg, P.O. BID for seven days), carprofen (4.4 mg/kg, P.O. SID for three days), and the use ofElizabethan collar. Furthermore, for topical treatment was described chlorhexidine digluconate (0.2%) and ointment of allantoin and zinc oxide, SID, for 10 days. Seven days after the surgical procedure, the owners dog reported by a telephone callthe appearance of wounds in the dorsal region of the dog. Ten days after surgery, the dog returned to the veterinary clinic forstitches removal and wounds evaluation. During the physical examination, observed the presence of two cutaneous wounds,one located in the cervicothoracic region and the other wound...(AU)

Terapia otológica induz imunotoxicidade em cão / Otological therapy induces imunnotoxicity in dog

As farmacodermias podem ser definidas como reações adversas em pele, mucosas e anexos, tendo, por vezes, caráter imunomediado. O diagnóstico baseia-se na avaliação clínico-laboratorial do paciente, envolvendo uma pesquisa acerca de fatores relacionados ao uso do fármaco e seus efeitos adversos. Na medicina veterinária, são escassos os relatos de reações farmacodérmicas. Logo, o objetivo do presente trabalho é relatar uma reação adversa após terapia otológica em cão. Foi atendido um paciente canino, fêmea, 02 anos de idade, com histórico de prurido auricular bilateral com evolução de três semanas. Na ocasião, foi realizado exame citológico auricular, evidenciando presença de elevada quantidade de células leveduriformes e cocos, além de células descamativas. Optou-se, então, por terapia à base de solução otológica composta por Gentamicina, Clotrimazol, Betametasona e Benzocaína. O quadro clínico evoluiu de forma satisfatória até o décimo dia de tratamento, quando a paciente apresentou intenso eritema e secreção melicérica bilateralmente. Repetiu-se o exame citológico, assim como realizou-se cultura de bactérias aeróbicas, sendo evidenciado em tais exames um infiltrado inflamatório piogranulomatoso, com pouca presença de conteúdo bacteriano e fúngico, corroborando com os achados da cultura bacteriana. Diante da suspeita de farmacodermia, procedeu-se com a troca de todos os compostos terapêuticos, tendo a paciente evoluído de forma satisfatória até o término do tratamento. Por tratar-se ainda de uma solução otológica composta, não se pode atribuir a causa da reação a especificamente um dos compostos. Contudo, reforça-se a necessidade de conscientização do médico veterinário acerca da identificação e adequada intervenção nas reações adversas medicamentosas, assim como espera-se sua contribuição científica na difusão dessas informações.

Pharmacodermia can be defined as adverse reactions in skin, mucous membranes and appendages, sometimes having immunomediated character. The diagnosis is based on the patient clinical-laboratorial evaluation, involving a research about factors related to the drug use and its adverse effects. In veterinary medicine, reports of pharmacodermic reactions are scarce. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to report an adverse reaction after otologic therapy in dogs. A 2-year-old female canine patient with a history of bilateral auricular pruritus with a three-week course was attended. At the time, auricular cytology was performed, evidencing the presence of high numbers of yeast cells and cocci, as well as desquamative cells. It was then opted for otologic solution composed of Gentamicin, Clotrimazole, Betamethasone and Benzocaine. The clinical presentation progressed satisfactorily until the tenth day of treatment, when the patient presented intense erythema and meliceric secretion. Cytological examination was repeated, as well as culture of aerobic bacteria. A piogranulomatous inflammatory infiltrate with low bacterial and fungal content was evidenced in these examinations, corroborating with the findings of the bacterial culture. Faced with the suspicion of pharmacodermia, all therapeutic compounds were exchanged, and the patient progressed satisfactorily until the end of the treatment. Because it is still a composed otological solution, the cause of the reaction cannot be attributed to specifically one of the compounds. However, there is a need to raise the awareness of the veterinarian about the identification and appropriate intervention in adverse drug reactions, as well as his scientific contribution to the dissemination of this information.

Terapia otológica induz imunotoxicidade em cão / Otological therapy induces imunnotoxicity in dog

As farmacodermias podem ser definidas como reações adversas em pele, mucosas e anexos, tendo, por vezes, caráter imunomediado. O diagnóstico baseia-se na avaliação clínico-laboratorial do paciente, envolvendo uma pesquisa acerca de fatores relacionados ao uso do fármaco e seus efeitos adversos. Na medicina veterinária, são escassos os relatos de reações farmacodérmicas. Logo, o objetivo do presente trabalho é relatar uma reação adversa após terapia otológica em cão. Foi atendido um paciente canino, fêmea, 02 anos de idade, com histórico de prurido auricular bilateral com evolução de três semanas. Na ocasião, foi realizado exame citológico auricular, evidenciando presença de elevada quantidade de células leveduriformes e cocos, além de células descamativas. Optou-se, então, por terapia à base de solução otológica composta por Gentamicina, Clotrimazol, Betametasona e Benzocaína. O quadro clínico evoluiu de forma satisfatória até o décimo dia de tratamento, quando a paciente apresentou intenso eritema e secreção melicérica bilateralmente. Repetiu-se o exame citológico, assim como realizou-se cultura de bactérias aeróbicas, sendo evidenciado em tais exames um infiltrado inflamatório piogranulomatoso, com pouca presença de conteúdo bacteriano e fúngico, corroborando com os achados da cultura bacteriana. Diante da suspeita de farmacodermia, procedeu-se com a troca de todos os compostos terapêuticos, tendo a paciente evoluído de forma satisfatória até o término do tratamento. Por tratar-se ainda de uma solução otológica composta, não se pode atribuir a causa da reação a especificamente um dos compostos. Contudo, reforça-se a necessidade de conscientização do médico veterinário acerca da identificação e adequada intervenção nas reações adversas medicamentosas, assim como espera-se sua contribuição científica na difusão dessas informações.(AU)

Pharmacodermia can be defined as adverse reactions in skin, mucous membranes and appendages, sometimes having immunomediated character. The diagnosis is based on the patient clinical-laboratorial evaluation, involving a research about factors related to the drug use and its adverse effects. In veterinary medicine, reports of pharmacodermic reactions are scarce. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to report an adverse reaction after otologic therapy in dogs. A 2-year-old female canine patient with a history of bilateral auricular pruritus with a three-week course was attended. At the time, auricular cytology was performed, evidencing the presence of high numbers of yeast cells and cocci, as well as desquamative cells. It was then opted for otologic solution composed of Gentamicin, Clotrimazole, Betamethasone and Benzocaine. The clinical presentation progressed satisfactorily until the tenth day of treatment, when the patient presented intense erythema and meliceric secretion. Cytological examination was repeated, as well as culture of aerobic bacteria. A piogranulomatous inflammatory infiltrate with low bacterial and fungal content was evidenced in these examinations, corroborating with the findings of the bacterial culture. Faced with the suspicion of pharmacodermia, all therapeutic compounds were exchanged, and the patient progressed satisfactorily until the end of the treatment. Because it is still a composed otological solution, the cause of the reaction cannot be attributed to specifically one of the compounds. However, there is a need to raise the awareness of the veterinarian about the identification and appropriate intervention in adverse drug reactions, as well as his scientific contribution to the dissemination of this information. (AU)

Mupirocin pemphigus-like drug reaction in a dog

Background: Pharmacodermia is defined as adverse reaction in skin, mucosa and appendages, which generates morphofunctional alterations in cutaneous barrier, inducing autoimmune diseases, such as pemphigus foliaceous, which is known asthe most common autoimmune skin disease in dogs. This disease involves autoantibodies against desmoglein and desmocolinmolecules, being induced by the use of certain drugs. Mupirocin (pseudomonic acid A) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic withbacteriostatic activity, being effective against Gram-positive pathogens and used to control superficial bacterial folliculitis.Based on that, the aim of this study was to report a pemphigus-like lesions after topical use of mupirocin in dog.Case: An 1-year-old, uncastrated male, Poodle dog, weighing 13.8 kg was treated in a private clinic in Fortaleza. The maincomplaint was related to pruritus in abdominal and inguinal region, in addition of legs licking. Dermatological examination revealed melanic crusts, epidermal collars and diffuse pustules in inguinal, abdominal, perianal and thoraco-lumbarregions. The therapy was based on topical use of Mupirocin in form of 0.2% aquous spray. After drug administration, theanimal presented urticaria, diffuse epidermal collars, papulo-crusted and pustular lesions, which were more evident inabdominal and inguinal region. Nasal erythema, binocular blepharitis, apathy and fever were also observed. Cytologicalexamination and bacterial culture were performed, revealing inflammatory and acantholytic cells and no bacterial growth.Biopsy procedure revealed subcorneal pustule with presence of epithelial acantholytic cells and neutrophils, compatiblewith canine pemphigus foliaceous. The topical treatment of ocular lesions with 0.1% Tacrolimus associated with systemictreatment with high dose of prednisolone (1.2 mg kg-1)...

Mupirocin pemphigus-like drug reaction in a dog

Background: Pharmacodermia is defined as adverse reaction in skin, mucosa and appendages, which generates morphofunctional alterations in cutaneous barrier, inducing autoimmune diseases, such as pemphigus foliaceous, which is known asthe most common autoimmune skin disease in dogs. This disease involves autoantibodies against desmoglein and desmocolinmolecules, being induced by the use of certain drugs. Mupirocin (pseudomonic acid A) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic withbacteriostatic activity, being effective against Gram-positive pathogens and used to control superficial bacterial folliculitis.Based on that, the aim of this study was to report a pemphigus-like lesions after topical use of mupirocin in dog.Case: An 1-year-old, uncastrated male, Poodle dog, weighing 13.8 kg was treated in a private clinic in Fortaleza. The maincomplaint was related to pruritus in abdominal and inguinal region, in addition of legs licking. Dermatological examination revealed melanic crusts, epidermal collars and diffuse pustules in inguinal, abdominal, perianal and thoraco-lumbarregions. The therapy was based on topical use of Mupirocin in form of 0.2% aquous spray. After drug administration, theanimal presented urticaria, diffuse epidermal collars, papulo-crusted and pustular lesions, which were more evident inabdominal and inguinal region. Nasal erythema, binocular blepharitis, apathy and fever were also observed. Cytologicalexamination and bacterial culture were performed, revealing inflammatory and acantholytic cells and no bacterial growth.Biopsy procedure revealed subcorneal pustule with presence of epithelial acantholytic cells and neutrophils, compatiblewith canine pemphigus foliaceous. The topical treatment of ocular lesions with 0.1% Tacrolimus associated with systemictreatment with high dose of prednisolone (1.2 mg kg-1)...(AU)

Reação farmacodérmica após administração tópica de Mupirocina em cão / Cutaneous adverse drug reaction after topical administration of Mupirocin in dog

Pharmacodermia is defined as adverse reaction in skin, mucosa and appendages, capable of generating morpho-functional alterations in cutaneous barrier. The purpose of this study was to report a cutaneous adverse drug reaction after topical use of mupirocin in dog. The diagnosis was made through clinical-cytological analyzes. The therapy involved topical and systemic immunomodulatory drugs. Therefore, it is concluded that Mupirocin is capable of generating pharmacodermic reactions.

Reação farmacodérmica após administração tópica de Mupirocina em cão / Cutaneous adverse drug reaction after topical administration of Mupirocin in dog

Pharmacodermia is defined as adverse reaction in skin, mucosa and appendages, capable of generating morpho-functional alterations in cutaneous barrier. The purpose of this study was to report a cutaneous adverse drug reaction after topical use of mupirocin in dog. The diagnosis was made through clinical-cytological analyzes. The therapy involved topical and systemic immunomodulatory drugs. Therefore, it is concluded that Mupirocin is capable of generating pharmacodermic reactions.(AU)

Pênfigo foliáceo em um gato de oito meses de idade: possível reação cutânea adversa a fármacos? / Pemphigus foliaceus in an eight-month-old cat: possible cutaneous adverse drug reaction?

Background: Pemphigus foliaceus is an autoimmune skin disease whose the occurrence in feline clinic is uncommom. The etiology is unknown in most cases. Althought it is a rare condition in cats, pemphigus foliaceus can be induced by drugs. It may affect both adult and old cats with no sexual or racial predilection and diagnosis is based on animal historical, clinical examination and skin histopathology. Moreover, the treatment consists in immunosuppressive-based drugs. This paper describes a pemphigus foliaceus case in an eight-month-old kitten, probably due a cutaneous adverse drug reaction.Case: A 8-month-old, neutered male mongrel cat with crusted lesions located on face was examinated at the Veterinary Hospital. The owners reported that they had adopted the patient two months before the clinical presentation suggesting that this background was unknown. The cat was treated in a local veterinary clinic with antibiotics and anti-inflammatory for rhinotracheitis and herpetic dermatitis on face due to the occurrence of sneezing and crusted pruriginous dermatitis. The kitten presented erosions, purulent exudation and crusts on pinnae, nasal and supra ocular areas, paronychia with purulent exudate and alopecia at distal portion of the tail. Supplementary exams such as skin scraping, cytology and fungal culture were performed to rule out other agents and confirm the diagnosis. The parasitological and fungal examination resulted negative despite the fact that cytological exam showed coccoid bacteria. Complete blood count and biochemical profile showed no alteration and the test for feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) resulted negative. Histological changes were consistent with intra-epidermal pustular subcorneal with acantholysis dermatitis. An immunosuppressive dose of prednisolona was prescribed for 15 days...

Pênfigo foliáceo em um gato de oito meses de idade: possível reação cutânea adversa a fármacos? / Pemphigus foliaceus in an eight-month-old cat: possible cutaneous adverse drug reaction?

Background: Pemphigus foliaceus is an autoimmune skin disease whose the occurrence in feline clinic is uncommom. The etiology is unknown in most cases. Althought it is a rare condition in cats, pemphigus foliaceus can be induced by drugs. It may affect both adult and old cats with no sexual or racial predilection and diagnosis is based on animal historical, clinical examination and skin histopathology. Moreover, the treatment consists in immunosuppressive-based drugs. This paper describes a pemphigus foliaceus case in an eight-month-old kitten, probably due a cutaneous adverse drug reaction.Case: A 8-month-old, neutered male mongrel cat with crusted lesions located on face was examinated at the Veterinary Hospital. The owners reported that they had adopted the patient two months before the clinical presentation suggesting that this background was unknown. The cat was treated in a local veterinary clinic with antibiotics and anti-inflammatory for rhinotracheitis and herpetic dermatitis on face due to the occurrence of sneezing and crusted pruriginous dermatitis. The kitten presented erosions, purulent exudation and crusts on pinnae, nasal and supra ocular areas, paronychia with purulent exudate and alopecia at distal portion of the tail. Supplementary exams such as skin scraping, cytology and fungal culture were performed to rule out other agents and confirm the diagnosis. The parasitological and fungal examination resulted negative despite the fact that cytological exam showed coccoid bacteria. Complete blood count and biochemical profile showed no alteration and the test for feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) resulted negative. Histological changes were consistent with intra-epidermal pustular subcorneal with acantholysis dermatitis. An immunosuppressive dose of prednisolona was prescribed for 15 days...(AU)

DERMATOPATIAS DIAGNOSTICADAS EM CÃES

Esta tese é composta de três artigos sobre as dermatopatias diagnosticadas em cães. No primeiro capítulo, submetido à revista Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, foi descrito a frequência das dermatopatias que afetam cães na região metropolitana de João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil. Para execução do trabalho foram realizados exame físicos gerais, dermatológicos e complementares. As lesões observadas com mais frequência caracterizaram-se por áreas alopécicas, hipotricóicas, maculosas, erosivas e ulcerativas, placóides, eritematosas, assim como comedões, colaretes e seborreia. As dermatopatias parasitárias foram as mais frequentes (35,35%; 76/215), seguidas pelas dermatopatias bacterianas (24,19%; 52/215), dermatopatias alérgicas (20,00%; 43/215), dermatopatias fúngicas (17,21%; 37/215), dermatopatias por causas diversas (2,32%; 5/215) e as dermatopatias autoimunes (0,93%; 2/215). O segundo capítulo foi aceito para publicação na revista Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira e descreve as características clínicas e histopatológicas das dermatites alérgicas diagnosticada em cães da região metropolitana de João Pessoa, Paraíba. De 90 cães com lesões cutâneas, 24 apresentaram alterações compatíveis com dermatite alérgica. A dermatite atópica foi a mais frequente, seguida por dermatite por hipersensibilidade alimentar, dermatite de contato alérgica, dermatite alérgica por picada de pulgas e hipersensibilidade a medicamentos (farmacodermia). O terceiro capítulo submetido a revista Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, descreve a caracterização dos aspectos anatomopatológicos e imuno-histoquímicos dos tumores das glândulas cutâneas em cães. A caracterização morfológica foi estabelecida segundo a classificação atualizada da Organização Mundial de Saúde, enquanto para a caracterização imuno-histoquímica utilizou-se anticorpos monoclonais primários anti-citoqueratina 14 (CK14), vimentina, p63, calponina, EGFR e o Ki-67. Dos tumores caracterizados 40,74% eram hepatoides (11/27), 29,63% sebáceos (8/27), 25,92% apócrinas (7/27) e 3,70% meibômio (1/27). Os anticorpos CK 14, o p63, a vimentina e o EGFR foram imunoexpressos nas células basais, células de diferenciação sebácea dos tumores hepatoides e de meibômio e células mioepiteliais. A vimentina e o EGFR não demonstraram imunomarcação para os tumores sebáceos. A calponina foi um bom marcador para as células mioepiteliais. O índice de Ki-67 foi mais acentuado nos tumores malignos em relação aos benignos. O LPA e o LPV, prestam importante serviço no diagnóstico das dermatopatias tumorais e não tumorais.em cães no estado da Paraíba. O diagnóstico correto das dermatopatias em cães, contribuiu para o conhecimento, controle e tratamento, visto que, esse grupo de doenças correspondem a mais de 25% da casuhística na clínica médica de cães. O exame dermamatológico correto associado a exames complentares como, parasitológico de pele, tricograma, citopatologia, histopatologia e a imuno-histoquímica foram ferramentas importantes para o diagnóstico das dermatopatias. O LHAP da UTAD em Vila Real, Portugal, presta serviços importantes na aprendizagem da técnica de imuno-histoquímica, auxiliando no diagnóstico dos tumores de glândulas cutâneas.

Are described in three papers tumor and non-tumor skin diseases of dogs in João Pessoa and metropolitan region. This thesis is composed of three articles. In the first chapter, submitted to the journal Veterinary Research Brazilian, described the frequency of skin diseases that affect dogs in the metropolitan region of João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. For the execution of the work were performed clinical exams, dermatological examinations and complementary tests. The most frequently observed lesions were characterized by areas of alopecia, hipotricóicas, spotted, erosive and ulcerated, placodes, erythematous, as comedones, collarettes, seborrhea. The parasitic skin diseases were the most frequent (35.35%, 76/215), followed by bacterial dermatopathies (24,19%, 52/215), allergic dermatopathies (20,00%, 43/215), fungal dermatopathies, 21%, 37/215), dermatopathies for various causes (2.32%, 5/215) and autoimmune skin diseases (0.93%, 2/215). The second chapter accepted in the journal Veterinary Research Brazilian, describes the clinical and histopathological features of allergic dermatitis in dogs diagnosed the metropolitan region of João Pessoa, Paraíba. Of 90 dogs with cutaneous lesions, 24 presented alterations compatible with allergic dermatitis. Atopic dermatitis (AD) was the most common, followed by food hypersensitivity dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis (DAC), flea bite allergic dermatitis (DAPP), drug hypersensitivity (pharmacodermia). The third chapter submitted to Brazilian magazine Archive of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, describes the characterization of pathological and immunohistochemical aspects of tumors of the skin glands in dogs. Morphological characterization followed the updated classification of the World Health Organization as to characterize immunohistochemistry was used primary monoclonal anti cytokeratin 14 (CK14), vimentin, p63, calponin, EGFR and Ki-67. Of the tumors characterized, 40.74% were hepatoid (11/27), 29.63% sebaceous (8/27), 25.92% apocrine (7/27) and 3,70% Meibomium (1/27). The CK14, p63, vimentin and EGFR antibodies were immunoexpressed in basal cells, sebaceous differentiation of hepatoid and Meibomian tumors and myoepithelial cells, whereas vimentin and EGFR did not demonstrate immunostaining for sebaceous tumors. Calponin was a good marker for myoepithelial cells. The Ki-67 index was more pronounced in malignant tumors compared to benign tumors. The LPA and LPV, provide an important service in the diagnosis of tumor and non-tumoral dermatopathies. In dogs in the state of Paraíba. The correct diagnosis of dermatopathies in dogs contributed to knowledge, control and treatment, since this group of diseases correspond to more than 25% of the casuistry in the dogs' medical clinic. The correct dermamatological examination associated with compliant exams such as skin parasitology, trichrome, cytopathology, histopathology and immunohistochemistry were important tools for the diagnosis of dermatopathies. The LHAP of UTAD in Vila Real, Portugal, provides important services in the learning of the immunohistochemical technique, aiding in the diagnosis of tumors of cutaneous glands.

Farmacodermia em um cão após administração de antibióticos do grupo betalactâmico: relato de caso / Pharmacodermia in a dog after administration of beta-lactam antibiotics: case report

A severe cutaneous reaction in a female dog after administration of penicillin and cephalexin is described, in which the main signs presented by the patient were fever, lack of appetite, and detachment of epidermis in the dorsal region of body.The established treatment was surgical debridement of the region, topical application of Aloe Vera with sugar, and systemic antibiotic therapy with ciprofloxacin, resulting in the recovery and wound closure in approximately 45 days.(AU)

Policitemia vera e farmacodermia em cão – relato de caso / Polycythemia vera and cutaneous drug reaction in a dog – a case report / Policitemia vera y farmacodermia en perro – relato de caso

A policitemia vera é distúrbio mieloproliferativo que se caracteriza pelo aumento do número de hemácias, do volume globular e da concentração de hemoglobina. O tratamento visa reduzir o aumento de células da linhagem eritroide, a hiperviscosidade sanguínea, a formação de trombos e a má oxigenação tecidual. Nesses casos, preconiza-se a hidroxiuréia. Virtualmente, qualquer medicamento pode desencadear farmacodermia, incluindo a hidroxiureia. Em seres humanos as reações que o uso prolongado de hidroxiureia pode ocasionar na pele estão bem documentadas. Neste trabalho relata-se o caso de um cão, macho, sem raça definida, de dez anos de idade, com policitemia vera, que estava sendo tratado com hidroxiureia e apresentou farmacodermia. Com a redução da dosagem de hidroxiureia, houve recuperação da pele; entretanto, o animal morreu por tromboembolismo após um ano.

Polycythemia vera is a myeloproliferative disorder characterized by an increase in the number of erythrocytes, the packed cell volume and hemoglobin concentration. The treatment aims to reduce the increase in the number of cells of erythroid lineage, thrombus formation and poor tissue oxygenation. In these cases, the use of hydroxyurea is recommended. However, virtually any drug can trigger adverse drug reactions, including hydroxyurea. Skin reactions caused by long-term therapy with hydroxyurea are well documented in humans. This work reports the case of a ten-year-old mixed-breed male dog with polycythemia vera that presented pharmacodermia due to treatment with hydroxyurea. Although the skin recovered with the reduction in the dosage of hydroxyurea, the animal died due to thromboembolism.

La policitemia vera es un trastorno mieloproliferativo que se caracteriza por un aumento en el número de eritrocitos, del volumen globular y de la concentración de hemoglobina. El tratamiento trata de reducir el aumento de células de la línea eritroide, la hiperviscosidad sanguínea, la formación de trombos y la deficiente oxigenación de los tejidos. En esos casos está indicada la hidroxiurea. En humanos, las reacciones dermatológicas que puede provocar el uso prolongado de la hidroxiurea se encuentran bien documentadas. En este trabajo se relata el caso de un perro macho, mestizo de diez años, con policitemia vera, que estaba siendo tratado con hidroxiurea y presentó una farmacodermia. Con la disminución de la dosis de hidroxiurea, la piel se recuperó; no obstante, el animal murió por tromboembolismo después de un año.

Policitemia vera e farmacodermia em cão relato de caso / Polycythemia vera and cutaneous drug reaction in a dog a case report / Policitemia vera y farmacodermia en perro relato de caso

A policitemia vera é distúrbio mieloproliferativo que se caracteriza pelo aumento do número de hemácias, do volume globular e da concentração de hemoglobina. O tratamento visa reduzir o aumento de células da linhagem eritroide, a hiperviscosidade sanguínea, a formação de trombos e a má oxigenação tecidual. Nesses casos, preconiza-se a hidroxiuréia. Virtualmente, qualquer medicamento pode desencadear farmacodermia, incluindo a hidroxiureia. Em seres humanos as reações que o uso prolongado de hidroxiureia pode ocasionar na pele estão bem documentadas. Neste trabalho relata-se o caso de um cão, macho, sem raça definida, de dez anos de idade, com policitemia vera, que estava sendo tratado com hidroxiureia e apresentou farmacodermia. Com a redução da dosagem de hidroxiureia, houve recuperação da pele; entretanto, o animal morreu por tromboembolismo após um ano.(AU)

Polycythemia vera is a myeloproliferative disorder characterized by an increase in the number of erythrocytes, the packed cell volume and hemoglobin concentration. The treatment aims to reduce the increase in the number of cells of erythroid lineage, thrombus formation and poor tissue oxygenation. In these cases, the use of hydroxyurea is recommended. However, virtually any drug can trigger adverse drug reactions, including hydroxyurea. Skin reactions caused by long-term therapy with hydroxyurea are well documented in humans. This work reports the case of a ten-year-old mixed-breed male dog with polycythemia vera that presented pharmacodermia due to treatment with hydroxyurea. Although the skin recovered with the reduction in the dosage of hydroxyurea, the animal died due to thromboembolism.(AU)

La policitemia vera es un trastorno mieloproliferativo que se caracteriza por un aumento en el número de eritrocitos, del volumen globular y de la concentración de hemoglobina. El tratamiento trata de reducir el aumento de células de la línea eritroide, la hiperviscosidad sanguínea, la formación de trombos y la deficiente oxigenación de los tejidos. En esos casos está indicada la hidroxiurea. En humanos, las reacciones dermatológicas que puede provocar el uso prolongado de la hidroxiurea se encuentran bien documentadas. En este trabajo se relata el caso de un perro macho, mestizo de diez años, con policitemia vera, que estaba siendo tratado con hidroxiurea y presentó una farmacodermia. Con la disminución de la dosis de hidroxiurea, la piel se recuperó; no obstante, el animal murió por tromboembolismo después de un año.(AU)

Farmacodermia em um cão da raça Pug após administração tópica de selamectina relato de caso / Pharmacodermia in a Pug dog after topical administration of selamectin case report

A hipersensibilidade medicamentosa cutânea é rara em cães, e pode ocorrer após administração de determinadosfármacos por qualquer via. Este artigo apresenta um caso de farmacodermia em um cão da raça Pug com um ano de idade, após administração tópica de selamectina. São relatados os sinais clínicos, o tratamento empregado e a evolução do caso. (AU)

Cutaneous drug hypersensitivity is rare in dogs and may occur after administration of certain drugs byany route. This article presents a case of drug eruption in a one year old Pug dog after topical administrationof selamectin. There are reported the clinical signs, treatment and clinical evolution. (AU)

Farmacodermia em um cão da raça Pug após administração tópica de selamectina – relato de caso / Pharmacodermia in a Pug dog after topical administration of selamectin – case report

A hipersensibilidade medicamentosa cutânea é rara em cães, e pode ocorrer após administração de determinadosfármacos por qualquer via. Este artigo apresenta um caso de farmacodermia em um cão da raça Pug com um ano de idade, após administração tópica de selamectina. São relatados os sinais clínicos, o tratamento empregado e a evolução do caso.

Cutaneous drug hypersensitivity is rare in dogs and may occur after administration of certain drugs byany route. This article presents a case of drug eruption in a one year old Pug dog after topical administrationof selamectin. There are reported the clinical signs, treatment and clinical evolution.

Reação farmacodérmica em cão: relato de caso / Drug reaction adverse cutaneous in a dog: a case report

Farmacodermia é uma reação de hipersensibilidade a um fármaco a qual pode se manifestar por meiode reações cutâneas comumente associadas a sinais sistêmicos. Relata-se a ocorrência de um caso defarmacodermia em uma cadela sem raça definida de dois anos de idade atendida em um Hospital VeterinárioUniversitário apresentando uma dermatite exsudativa caracterizada por vesículas, eritema e prurido na região dorso-lombar. O tratamento consistiu em antibioticoterapia com cefalexina durante 20 dias com remissão do quadro. Após quatro meses, em nova consulta, o animal apresentava lesõescutâneas extensas semelhantes a queimaduras. Amostras teciduais foram colhidas por meio de biópsiacutânea incisional. Cultura e antibiograma da secreção cutânea exsudativa, hemograma completo, bioquímica sérica (uréia e creatinina) e urinálise também foram solicitados. O animal foi encaminhado aocentro cirúrgico para debridagem das lesões cutâneas e prescrito ciprofloxacina, limpeza diária da pelecom permanganato de potássio, prednisona e omeprazol. Após dez dias de alta, observou-se regressãosignificativa das lesões cutâneas e, seguidos quatro meses de tratamento, o animal estava completamenterestabelecido. (AU)

Pharmacodermia is a hypersensitivity reaction to a drug which can be manifested by skin reactionscommonly associated with systemic signs. We report the occurrence of an event of adverse drug reactionsin a mongrel bitch two years old treated at a University Veterinary Hospital showing an exudative dermatitis characterized by vesicles, erythema and itching in the area back injury. Treatment consisted of antibiotic therapy with cephalexin for 20 days with remission clinic. After four monthsin new query, the animal had extensive skin injuries similar to burns. Tissue samples were collected by incisional skin biopsy. Culture and antobiogram of the skin secretion exudative, complete blood count, serum biochemistry (urea and creatinine) and urinalysis were requested. The animal was taken to the operating room for debridagem cutaneous and prescribed ciprofloxacin, daily cleaning of skin with potassium permanganate, prednisone and omeprazole. After ten days of high, there was a significant regression of cutaneous lesions and followed four months of treatment, the animal wasfully restored. (AU)

Reação farmacodérmica em cão: relato de caso / Drug reaction adverse cutaneous in a dog: a case report

Farmacodermia é uma reação de hipersensibilidade a um fármaco a qual pode se manifestar por meiode reações cutâneas comumente associadas a sinais sistêmicos. Relata-se a ocorrência de um caso defarmacodermia em uma cadela sem raça definida de dois anos de idade atendida em um Hospital VeterinárioUniversitário apresentando uma dermatite exsudativa caracterizada por vesículas, eritema e prurido na região dorso-lombar. O tratamento consistiu em antibioticoterapia com cefalexina durante 20 dias com remissão do quadro. Após quatro meses, em nova consulta, o animal apresentava lesõescutâneas extensas semelhantes a queimaduras. Amostras teciduais foram colhidas por meio de biópsiacutânea incisional. Cultura e antibiograma da secreção cutânea exsudativa, hemograma completo, bioquímica sérica (uréia e creatinina) e urinálise também foram solicitados. O animal foi encaminhado aocentro cirúrgico para debridagem das lesões cutâneas e prescrito ciprofloxacina, limpeza diária da pelecom permanganato de potássio, prednisona e omeprazol. Após dez dias de alta, observou-se regressãosignificativa das lesões cutâneas e, seguidos quatro meses de tratamento, o animal estava completamenterestabelecido.

Pharmacodermia is a hypersensitivity reaction to a drug which can be manifested by skin reactionscommonly associated with systemic signs. We report the occurrence of an event of adverse drug reactionsin a mongrel bitch two years old treated at a University Veterinary Hospital showing an exudative dermatitis characterized by vesicles, erythema and itching in the area back injury. Treatment consisted of antibiotic therapy with cephalexin for 20 days with remission clinic. After four monthsin new query, the animal had extensive skin injuries similar to burns. Tissue samples were collected by incisional skin biopsy. Culture and antobiogram of the skin secretion exudative, complete blood count, serum biochemistry (urea and creatinine) and urinalysis were requested. The animal was taken to the operating room for debridagem cutaneous and prescribed ciprofloxacin, daily cleaning of skin with potassium permanganate, prednisone and omeprazole. After ten days of high, there was a significant regression of cutaneous lesions and followed four months of treatment, the animal wasfully restored.