Increased frequency of pneumonia in dogs with meningioma in ventral rhombencephalon / Aumento da frequência de pneumonia em cães com meningioma em rombencéfalo ventral

Intracranial tumors occurring in specific brain regions, such as the cerebellopontine angle, may be associated with cranial nerve dysfunction and dysphagia in humans and animals. Although dysphagia is a known risk factor for pneumonia, only postoperative pneumonia has been investigated in veterinary medicine. This study aimed to describe the clinical and pathological features of dogs with untreated intracranial meningiomas and concomitant pneumonia. Data from post-mortem examination registries from 2011 to 2021 were used (n=23). The frequency of pneumonia and other characteristics were compared between dogs with meningiomas in the ventral rhombencephalon region (VR group; n=13) and those with meningiomas in other intracranial sites (OIS group; n=10). The frequency of pneumonia was higher in the VR group than in the OIS group (n=5 vs. n=0; P=0.039). Plaque-like lesions were also more common in the VR group than in the OIS group (P=0.012). Dogs with concomitant pneumonia had cerebellopontine angle (n=3) and basilar meningiomas (n=2), mainly plaque-like lesions extending to or from other brain areas. In dogs with concomitant pneumonia, meningiomas had invasive (n=5) and compressive (n=3) growth behaviors and nerve roots involved in the swallowing process were frequently affected. Microscopically, these meningiomas were classified as atypical (n=4) and meningiomas (n=1). The reported clinical signs included anorexia (n=3), adipsia (n=1), and dysphagia (n=1). Our findings suggest untreated dogs with ventral rhombencephalon meningiomas may develop cranial nerve damage and aspiration pneumonia.

Tumores intracranianos que ocorrem em regiões específicas do cérebro, como o ângulo ponto-cerebelar, podem estar associados à disfunção de nervos cranianos e disfagia em humanos e animais. Embora a disfagia seja um conhecido fator de risco para pneumonia, apenas a pneumonia pós-operatória tem sido investigada na medicina veterinária. Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever as características clínicas e patológicas de cães com meningiomas intracranianos não tratados e pneumonia concomitante. Foram utilizados dados de registros de necropsias de 2011 a 2021. A frequência de pneumonia e outras características foram comparadas entre cães com meningiomas na região do rombencéfalo ventral (grupo VR; n=13) e aqueles com meningiomas em outros sítios intracranianos (grupo OIS; n=10). A frequência de pneumonia foi maior no grupo VR do que no grupo OIS (n=5 vs. n=0; P=0,039). Lesões tipo placa também foram mais comuns no grupo VR do que no grupo OIS (P=0,012). Cães com pneumonia concomitante apresentaram meningiomas no ângulo ponto-cerebelar (n=3) e região basilar (n=2), predominantemente lesões em forma de placa que se estendem de ou para outras áreas do cérebro. Em cães com pneumonia concomitante, os meningiomas apresentaram comportamentos de crescimento invasivo (n=5) e compressivo (n=3) e as raízes nervosas envolvidas no processo de deglutição foram frequentemente afetadas. Microscopicamente, esses meningiomas foram classificados como atípicos (n=4) e papilar (n=1). Os sinais clínicos relatados incluíram anorexia (n=3), adipsia (n=1) e disfagia (n=1). Nossos achados sugerem que cães com meningiomas no rombencéfalo ventral, não tratados, podem desenvolver lesão em nervos cranianos e pneumonia aspirativa.

Effects of autolyzed yeast on leukocyte oxidative metabolism and pneumonia occurrence in feedlot steers / Efeito da levedura autolisada no metabolismo oxidativo leucocitário e na ocorrência de pneumonia em novilhos terminados em confinamento

Although yeast supplementation has shown an immunostimulant effect in feedlot cattle, the question remains whether it influences the occurrence of the bovine respiratory disease complex (BRD) in feedlot cattle. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate whether dietary supplementation with autolyzed yeast affects the efficiency of blood phagocytes, reducing inflammation and the occurrence of BRD in feedlot cattle. A randomized experimental trial was conducted with whole steers with half Angus blood for 106 days: control (n=10): diet without yeast; Y4 (n=12): yeast diet (4g per animal per day); and Y7 (n=7): yeast diet (7g per animal per day). On Days 0, 14, 42, 70, and 105, blood count, leukocyte oxidative metabolism, serum haptoglobin, frequency of nasal secretion and orbital temperature were evaluated. On slaughter day, a lung evaluation was performed. On Days 42 and 70 of feedlot finishing, the treated animals showed increased leukocyte oxidative metabolism (D42 P=0.04; D70 P=0.02) compared to the control group. These animals had a lower frequency of mucopurulent nasal secretion, lower orbital temperature and reduced pneumonia occurrence than the treated groups (P=0.05) with less lung lesion severity (P=0.01), allowing us to infer that the autolyzed yeast improves blood phagocytic function and decreases the inflammation and BRD of feedlot steers, especially at a dose of 4g.

Embora a suplementação com leveduras tenha demonstrado efeito imunoestimulante em bovinos, permanece-se a dúvida se ela influencia na ocorrência do complexo doença respiratória bovina (CDRB) em bovinos confinados. Portanto, objetivou-se avaliar se a suplementação dietética com levedura autolisada influencia a eficiência de fagócitos sanguíneos, reduzindo inflamações e a ocorrência de CDRB em bovinos confinados. Realizou-se um ensaio experimental randomizado com 36 novilhos inteiros 1/2 sangue Angus por 106 dias: controle (n=10): dieta sem levedura; Y4 (n=12): dieta com levedura (4g por animal por dia); e Y7 (n=7): dieta com levedura (7g por animal por dia). Nos dias 0, 14, 42, 70 e 105, hemograma, metabolismo oxidativo de leucócitos, haptoglobina sérica, frequência de secreção nasal e temperatura orbital foram avaliados. No dia do abate, foi realizada avaliação pulmonar. Nos dias 42, e 70 de terminação em confinamento, os animais tratados apresentaram aumento do metabolismo oxidativo dos leucócitos (D42 P=0,04; D70 P=0,02) em relação ao grupo controle. Esses animais apresentaram menor frequência de secreção nasal mucopurulenta, menor temperatura orbital, menor ocorrência de pneumonias (P=0,05) com menor gravidade das lesões pulmonares (P=0,01), permitindo inferir que a levedura autolisada na dieta melhorou a eficiência dos fagócitos sanguíneos, reduzindo inflamações e a ocorrência de CDRB, especialmente na dosagem de 4g.

Comparative evaluation of the efficacy of different marbofloxacin-based products in pigs at the nursery, growth and finish phases with clinical signs of respiratory disease / Avaliação comparativa da eficácia de diferentes produtos à base de marbofloxacina em suínos nas fases de creche, crescimento e terminação com sinais clínicos de doenças respiratórias

Marbofloxacin is one of the antibiotics of choice for the treatment of pigs with clinical manifestations of respiratory disease. Some commercial products on the market contain this active ingredient, and the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 3 available marbofloxacin-based products based on the SISAAB (single injection and short-term antibiotic) concept with regard to the performance and health parameters of pigs in the nursery, growth and finish phases with clinical manifestations of respiratory disease (RD). A total of 78 animals with clinical manifestations of RD from a total of 1726 pigs were used. The animals that had RD symptoms were weighed, identified and randomly subjected to 3 treatments: T1 - Forcyl® (n = 27); T2 - Marbox® (n = 25); T3 - Resolutor® (n = 26). All treatments corresponded to a single intramuscular dose of 8 mg of marbofloxacin per kg of live weight. After treatment, clinical signs of cough and depression, water consumption, rectal temperature, performance parameters, lung lesions and the pneumonia index of the animals were evaluated. The animals that received T1 and T3 maintained a mean rectal temperature of 39.38 °C 2 days after administration. In contrast, animals in the group that received T2 had significantly higher temperatures (p = 0.068) in this period (39.53 °C). There was a greater decrease in temperature (p = 0.042) in the 24 hours after drug administration in animals that received T1 (-0.573 °C). Regarding the other performance parameters, clinical signs of cough and depression, water consumption, lung injury and the pneumonia index, no differences were observed between the marbofloxacin-based products evaluated (p > 0.05). All marbofloxacin-based products were effective in reducing the clinical signs of RD and promoting animal performance and health. However, T1 was more effective in reducing the rectal temperature of the animals.

A marbofloxacina é um dos antibióticos selecionados para o tratamento de suínos com manifestações clínicas de doenças respiratórias. Existem alguns produtos comerciais no mercado com este princípio ativo, nesse sentido, objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar, com base no conceito SISAAB (antibioticoterapia de curta duração e dose única), a eficiência de três marbofloxacinas disponíveis sobre os parâmetros de desempenho e saúde de suínos em fase de creche, crescimento e terminação com quadros clínicos de doenças respiratórias (DR). Foram utilizados 78 animais com manifestações clínicas de DR de um total de 1726 porcos. Os animais que apresentaram sintomas de DR foram pesados, identificados e submetidos aleatoriamente a 3 tratamentos: T1 - Forcyl® (n = 27); T2 - Marbox® (n = 25); T3 - Resolutor® (n = 26). Todos os tratamentos corresponderam a uma dose única intramuscular de 8 mg de marbofloxacina por kg de peso vivo. Após o tratamento, foram avaliados os sinais clínicos de tosse e depressão, consumo de água, temperatura retal, parâmetros de desempenho, lesões pulmonares e o índice de pneumonia dos animais. Os animais que receberam T1 e T3 mantiveram temperatura retal média de 39,38°C, 2 dias após a administração. Em contrapartida, os animais do grupo que recebeu T2 apresentaram temperaturas significativamente mais elevadas (p < 0,10) neste período (39,53 °C). Em linha, foi possível observar a maior diminuição de temperatura (p = 0,042) nas 24 horas após a aplicação da medicação nos animais do grupo T1 (-0,573 °C). Em relação aos demais parâmetros de desempenho, sinais clínicos de tosse e estado de depressão, consumo de água, lesões pulmonares e índice de pneumonia, não foram observadas diferenças entre as marboloxacinas avaliadas (p>0,05). Todas as marbofloxacinas foram eficazes na redução dos sinais clínicos de doenças respiratórias, promovendo o desempenho e saúde dos animais, entretanto foi constatada a maior eficiência de T1 na redução da temperatura retal dos animais.

Toxic pneumopathy by Trema micrantha in sheep in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil / Pneumopatia tóxica por Trema micrantha em ovinos no Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil

Poisoning by Trema micrantha commonly causes hepatocellular necrosis in cattle, sheep, and goats and edema and cerebral hemorrhage in horses. This plant can cause toxic pneumopathy in sheep, and there is only one report of the natural form and one of the experimental form in the State of Rio Grande do Sul. This study aimed to report an outbreak of the respiratory form of natural poisoning by T. micrantha in sheep. Six sheep developed clinical respiratory signs after consumption of the plant and four of them died and two recovered after treatment with dexamethasone. The sheep presented tachypnea, noisy breathing, edema of the face, eyelids, and vulva, and subcutaneous emphysema on the face and neck. Necropsy (Sheep 2, 3, and 4) showed uncollapsed, heavy, diffuse red lungs with evident costal impressions and a moderate amount of serosanguineous fluid flowed at section. The liver had a moderate diffuse evident lobular pattern. The histopathology of the lungs of the three necropsied sheep showed congestion and edema with the formation of hyaline membranes within accentuated diffuse alveoli, in addition to thickening of the alveolar septa due to mild to moderate diffuse type II pneumocyte hyperplasia and also mild to moderate diffuse infiltrate of macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and neutrophils in the lumen of alveoli, bronchi, and bronchioles. Sheep 3 also showed type II pneumocytes with enlarged and hyperchromatic nuclei, sometimes binucleated with evident nucleoli, and, in some regions, the pneumocytes were desquamated to the alveolar lumen forming small syncytia and mild multifocal hyperplasia in the bronchial epithelium. The anti-cytokeratin IHC evaluation showed marked diffuse intracytoplasmic staining in hyperplastic type II pneumocytes in the bronchiolar epithelium of the three evaluated sheep. The liver of the three sheep had mild multifocal centrilobular necrosis. It seems to be the second report of spontaneous poisoning by T. micrantha in sheep developing lung lesions described in Brazil and the first in the State of Santa Catarina.

A intoxicação por Trema micrantha, comumente causa em bovinos, ovinos e caprinos necrose hepatocelular e, edema e hemorragia cerebral em equinos. Essa planta em ovinos pode causar pneumopatia tóxica, existindo descrição apenas de um relato da forma natural e um da forma experimental no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar, um surto, da forma respiratória de intoxicação natural por T. micranta em ovinos. Seis ovinos desenvolveram sinais clínicos respiratórios após o consumo da planta e destes quatro morreram e dois após o tratamento com dexametasona se recuperaram. Os ovinos apresentaram taquipneia, respiração ruidosa, edema de face, pálpebras, vulva e enfisema subcutâneo na face e pescoço. Na necropsia (Ovinos 2, 3 e 4) observou-se pulmões não colabados, pesados, vermelhos difusos com impressões costais evidentes e ao corte fluindo moderada quantidade de líquido serosanguinolento. O fígado apresentava padrão lobular evidente difuso moderado. Na histopatologia, em pulmões dos três ovinos necropsiados havia congestão e edema com formação de membranas hialinas no interior de alvéolos difusos acentuados, além de espessamento dos septos alveolares devido a hiperplasia de pneumócitos tipo II difuso discreta à moderada, havia ainda, infiltrado de macrófagos, linfócitos, plasmócitos e neutrófilos difuso discreto a moderado no lúmen de alvéolo, brônquios e bronquíolos. No Ovino 3, observou-se ainda pneumócitos tipo II com núcleos aumentados e hipercromáticos, por vezes binucleados com nucléolos evidentes, e em algumas regiões estes pneumócitos estavam descamados para a luz alveolar formando pequenos sincícios e no epitélio de brônquios havia hiperplasia multifocal discreta. A avaliação IHQ anti-citoqueratina demonstrou marcação intracitoplasmática difusa acentuada em pneumócitos tipo II hiperplásicos no epitélio bronquiolar dos três ovinos avaliados. No fígado dos três ovinos havia necrose centrolobular multifocal discreta. Este parece ser o segundo relato da intoxicação espontânea por T. micrantha em ovinos desenvolvendo lesões pulmonares, descrito no Brasil e o primeiro no estado de Santa Catarina.

Isolation of Mycoplasma spp. from Geese with Pneumonia and Identification of Microbial Isolates via Molecular Methods

This study aimed to investigate Mycoplasma species in the lungs of 500 geese with pneumonia from the Kars region (Turkey) via cultural and molecular methods. The samples were cultured on Freys Broth and Agar media. To identify Mycoplasma species a Growth Inhibition Test was used. The identification was continued with species-specific PCR and sequence analysis which provide amplification of the genes dnaX, pcrA, rpoB, and the sequence of the 16S rRNA gene, respectively. In addition, Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae from pneumonic lung samples were directly analyzed via Multiplex Real-time PCR. As a result, 51 Mycoplasma strains were isolated and 32 were identified as Mycoplasma anatis, 9 as Mycoplasma anseris, 5 as Mycoplasma cloacale and 3 as Mycoplasma anserisalpingitis. Two Mycoplasma isolates that could not be identified were grouped in the same branch as a result of 16S RNA sequencing and their nearest neighbour was found to be Mycoplasma sp. 2045 (GenBankNo.MK615061.1). M. gallisepticum DNA was detected in 3 pneumonic lung samples and M. gallisepticum/M. synoviae DNAs were found simultaneously in 1 sample. While some Mycoplasma species identified in this study consolidated their place as pneumonic agents, some increased their potential to become a pneumonic agent when compared with cases caused by well-recognized Mycoplasma strains. Two isolates were identified as -Mycoplasma spp. as their 16S rRNA gene sequence identity levels scored below the threshold of 98.7% for species demarcation and still need to be defined whether they are possible representatives of a novel Mycoplasma species.(AU)

Isolation of Mycoplasma spp. from Geese with Pneumonia and Identification of Microbial Isolates via Molecular Methods

This study aimed to investigate Mycoplasma species in the lungs of 500 geese with pneumonia from the Kars region (Turkey) via cultural and molecular methods. The samples were cultured on Frey’s Broth and Agar media. To identify Mycoplasma species a Growth Inhibition Test was used. The identification was continued with species-specific PCR and sequence analysis which provide amplification of the genes dnaX, pcrA, rpoB, and the sequence of the 16S rRNA gene, respectively. In addition, Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae from pneumonic lung samples were directly analyzed via Multiplex Real-time PCR. As a result, 51 Mycoplasma strains were isolated and 32 were identified as Mycoplasma anatis, 9 as Mycoplasma anseris, 5 as Mycoplasma cloacale and 3 as Mycoplasma anserisalpingitis. Two Mycoplasma isolates that could not be identified were grouped in the same branch as a result of 16S RNA sequencing and their nearest neighbour was found to be Mycoplasma sp. 2045 (GenBankNo.MK615061.1). M. gallisepticum DNA was detected in 3 pneumonic lung samples and M. gallisepticum/M. synoviae DNAs were found simultaneously in 1 sample. While some Mycoplasma species identified in this study consolidated their place as pneumonic agents, some increased their potential to become a pneumonic agent when compared with cases caused by well-recognized Mycoplasma strains. Two isolates were identified as -Mycoplasma spp. as their 16S rRNA gene sequence identity levels scored below the threshold of 98.7% for species demarcation and still need to be defined whether they are possible representatives of a novel Mycoplasma species.

Anatomopathological findings of Testudines necropsied in the Distrito Federal, Brazil / Achados anatomopatológicos de Testudines necropsiados no Distrito Federal, Brasil

In order to determine the main anatomopathological findings of Testudines necropsied in the Distrito Federal, all necropsy records performed at the "Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária" of the "Universidade de Brasília" (LPV-UnB) on Testudines during the period from January 2008 to July 2020 were reviewed. The 72 cases reviewed were grouped and classified according to species, sex, origin, season of occurrence, and diagnosis. In 69.44% of the cases the species was informed in the necropsy protocols, which included Phrynops geoffroanus (38%), Trachemys dorbigni (36%), Chelonoidis carbonaria (14%), Chelonoidis denticulata (10%) and Podocnemis expansa (2%). In 30.55% of the cases this parameter was not informed and were classified only as Testudines. In 41.66% of the cases the sex was informed, being female 22.22%, male 19.44%, and 58.33% were not informed. Of these animals 79.16% were from environmental agencies and 20.84% from zoos and/or guardians. In 70.83% of the animals analyzed they were directly related to the autumn and winter seasons, with June being the most frequent month (29.17%). The conclusive diagnosis was possible in 68.05% of the cases. The category of disorders caused by injurious agents (48.97%) was the most prevalent, followed by inflammatory disorders (32.65%) and nutritional and metabolic disorders (28.57%). The main diagnoses were carapace and/or plastron fracture with 30.61%, hepatic steatosis (20.40%) and pneumonia (10.22%). Most cases of carapace or plastron fracture and hepatic steatosis occurred in animals from environmental agencies.

Com o objetivo de determinar os principais achados anatomopatológicos de Testudines necropsiados no Distrito Federal, foram revisadas todas as fichas de necropsia realizadas no Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade de Brasília (LPV-UnB) em Testudines, durante o período de janeiro de 2008 a julho de 2020. Os 72 casos revisados foram agrupados e classificados quanto à espécie, sexo, procedência, estação do ano de ocorrência e diagnóstico. Em 69,44% dos casos havia a espécie informada nos protocolos de necropsia, que incluíam Phrynops geoffroanus (38%), Trachemys dorbigni (36%), Chelonoidis carbonaria (14%), Chelonoidis denticulata (10%) e Podocnemis expansa (2%). Em 30,55% dos casos não tiveram esse parâmetro informado e foram classificados apenas como Testudines. Em 41,66% casos foi informado o sexo, sendo fêmea 22,22%, macho 19,44% e não informados 58,33%. Destes animais 79,16% eram de órgão ambiental e 20,84% de zoológicos e ou tutores. Em 70,83% dos animais analisados tiveram direta relação com as estações de outono e inverno, sendo o mês de junho o mais frequente (29,17%). O diagnóstico conclusivo foi possível em 68,05% dos casos. A categoria de distúrbios causados por agentes lesivos (48,97%) foi a mais prevalente, seguido por distúrbios inflamatórios (32,65%) e dos distúrbios nutricionais e metabólicos (28,57%). Os principais diagnósticos foram fratura de carapaça e ou plastrão com 30,61%, esteatose hepática (20,40%) e pneumonia (10,22%). A maior parte dos casos de fratura de carapaça ou plastrão e de esteatose hepática ocorreram em animais provenientes de órgão ambiental.

Anatomopathological findings of Testudines necropsied in the Distrito Federal, Brazil / Achados anatomopatológicos de Testudines necropsiados no Distrito Federal, Brasil

In order to determine the main anatomopathological findings of Testudines necropsied in the Distrito Federal, all necropsy records performed at the "Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária" of the "Universidade de Brasília" (LPV-UnB) on Testudines during the period from January 2008 to July 2020 were reviewed. The 72 cases reviewed were grouped and classified according to species, sex, origin, season of occurrence, and diagnosis. In 69.44% of the cases the species was informed in the necropsy protocols, which included Phrynops geoffroanus (38%), Trachemys dorbigni (36%), Chelonoidis carbonaria (14%), Chelonoidis denticulata (10%) and Podocnemis expansa (2%). In 30.55% of the cases this parameter was not informed and were classified only as Testudines. In 41.66% of the cases the sex was informed, being female 22.22%, male 19.44%, and 58.33% were not informed. Of these animals 79.16% were from environmental agencies and 20.84% from zoos and/or guardians. In 70.83% of the animals analyzed they were directly related to the autumn and winter seasons, with June being the most frequent month (29.17%). The conclusive diagnosis was possible in 68.05% of the cases. The category of disorders caused by injurious agents (48.97%) was the most prevalent, followed by inflammatory disorders (32.65%) and nutritional and metabolic disorders (28.57%). The main diagnoses were carapace and/or plastron fracture with 30.61%, hepatic steatosis (20.40%) and pneumonia (10.22%). Most cases of carapace or plastron fracture and hepatic steatosis occurred in animals from environmental agencies.(AU)

Com o objetivo de determinar os principais achados anatomopatológicos de Testudines necropsiados no Distrito Federal, foram revisadas todas as fichas de necropsia realizadas no Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade de Brasília (LPV-UnB) em Testudines, durante o período de janeiro de 2008 a julho de 2020. Os 72 casos revisados foram agrupados e classificados quanto à espécie, sexo, procedência, estação do ano de ocorrência e diagnóstico. Em 69,44% dos casos havia a espécie informada nos protocolos de necropsia, que incluíam Phrynops geoffroanus (38%), Trachemys dorbigni (36%), Chelonoidis carbonaria (14%), Chelonoidis denticulata (10%) e Podocnemis expansa (2%). Em 30,55% dos casos não tiveram esse parâmetro informado e foram classificados apenas como Testudines. Em 41,66% casos foi informado o sexo, sendo fêmea 22,22%, macho 19,44% e não informados 58,33%. Destes animais 79,16% eram de órgão ambiental e 20,84% de zoológicos e ou tutores. Em 70,83% dos animais analisados tiveram direta relação com as estações de outono e inverno, sendo o mês de junho o mais frequente (29,17%). O diagnóstico conclusivo foi possível em 68,05% dos casos. A categoria de distúrbios causados por agentes lesivos (48,97%) foi a mais prevalente, seguido por distúrbios inflamatórios (32,65%) e dos distúrbios nutricionais e metabólicos (28,57%). Os principais diagnósticos foram fratura de carapaça e ou plastrão com 30,61%, esteatose hepática (20,40%) e pneumonia (10,22%). A maior parte dos casos de fratura de carapaça ou plastrão e de esteatose hepática ocorreram em animais provenientes de órgão ambiental.(AU)

Therapeutic efficacy of marbofloxacin and ceftiofur in feedlot steers with bovine respiratory disease complex / Eficácia terapêutica da marbofloxacina e ceftiofur em bovinos confinados com complexo doença respiratória de bovinos

Treatment of the bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) can elicit high bacterial resistance and stress to steers in a feedlot. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate three therapeutic protocols with long-acting antibiotics against BRDC naturally acquired in steers finished in feedlot. In a total of 80 animals finished in a feedlot, 18 steers showed clinical signs compatible with BRDC (mucopurulent nasal secretion, lung auscultation alteration, leukocytosis, and decrease of dry matter intake). These animals were randomly treated: marbofloxacin in a single dose (M1), marbofloxacin in two doses (M2), or ceftiofur in a single dose (C1) on Day 0. The clinical score of pneumonia, hemogram, daily food intake, and body weight were analyzed during 7 days. On slaughter day (Day 100), the body weight and frequency of lungs with pneumonia was evaluated. On Day 7, M2 showed absence of pneumonia, and M1 and C1 still showed a clinical score of mild pneumonia (P = 0.01). On day 2 and day 3 M2 showed a higher dry matter intake than others treatments (P = 0.05). C1 showed a lower body weight than others group on day 1 and 2 (P = 0.05). The C1 and M1 showed a higher pneumonia frequency than M2 (P = 0.02). The M2 slaughter weight was numerically higher than the other treatments. We conclude the marbofloxacin in two doses eliminated the pneumonia ́s clinical symptoms and allowed the animals to return the productivity earlier than other protocols.

Tendo em vista a alta resistência bacteriana e o estresse que o tratamento do complexo doença respiratória dos bovinos (CDRB) pode trazer para novilhos terminados em confinamento, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar quais dos três protocolos terapêuticos com fármacos de longa ação apresentaria maior eficácia contra o CDRB naturalmente adquirida. Entre 80 animais terminados em confinamento, 18 garrotes apresentaram sinais clínicos compatíveis CDRB (secreção mucopurulenta nasal, alteração em ausculta pulmonar, leucocitose e diminuição de consumo alimentar). Estes animais foram aleatoriamente tratados com: marbofloxacina em dose única (M1), marbofloxacina em duas doses (M2) ou ceftiofur em dose única (C1) no dia 0. Escore clínico de pneumonia, hemograma, consumo alimentar e o peso corporal dos animais foi avaliado durante 7 dias. No dia do abate (dia 100), o peso e frequência de lesões histopatológicas de pneumonia foram avaliadas. No dia 7, os animais do M2 apresentaram ausência de pneumonia enquanto que os animais M1 e C1 ainda apresentavam escore clinico de pneumonia moderada (P = 0.01). Nos dias 2 e 3, o consumo alimentar diário foi maior em M2 que os outros tratamentos (P = 0.05), e o peso corporal de C1 foi menor que os outros grupos em D1 e 2 (P = 0.05). C1 e M1 apresentaram maior frequência de pneumonia no dia do abate que os demais grupos (P = 0.02). O peso ao abate do M2 foi numericamente maior que os demais grupos. Conclui-se que a marbofloxacina em duas doses foi mais precoce na eliminação dos sinais clínicos e no retorno a produtividade.

Causes of death and organs condemnation at slaughter of sheep in a feedlot system in Southern Rio Grande do Sul / Causas de morte e condenação de órgãos no abate de ovinos em sistema de confinamento no Sul do Rio Grande do Sul

In Brazil the second largest sheep herd is in Rio Grande do Sul and in recent years the demand for meat consumption of this specie has increased. Intensive farming systems have made considerable progress in this region with the objective of increasing the production of sheep for slaughter and obtaining a uniform batch to ensure better quality of sheep meat to consumers. However, the agglomeration and stress that animals go through can lead to the occurrence of illnesses and economic loss to producers. The objectives of this paper were to determine the main causes of death that affected sheep in a feedlot system, to establish forms of control and prophylaxis of diagnosed illnesses, and to estimate the economic losses resulting from them. The objective was also to determine the causes of condemnation of organs or carcasses in the slaughterhouses that processed the sheep were sent, and to estimate the losses in this productive sector. For this, a follow-up work was carried out in an establishment located in the city of São Lourenço do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, from October 2020 to September 2021. The dead sheep at the feedlot were necropsied, and the diagnosis was made based on clinical signs, pathology, and bacteriology. The main diseases diagnosed were parasitic enteritis (15.4%), pneumonia (13%), and listeriosis (9.6%). In the slaughterhouse study, the lesions that led to the highest number of condemnations were hydatidosis (29.9%), renal congestion (26.2%), and renal ischemia (25.8%). The economic losses estimated for the death of sheep in 2021 was R$17,480.00, significantly lower than the approximate losses in 2019 and 2020 of R$50,000.00 and R$54,000.00, respectively. This highlights the importance of technical assistance to reduce these losses due to mortality in sheep raised in a feedlot system. It was also observed the kidneys of the sheep were the organs most frequently selected for condemnation. The economic value of the kidneys sold as disposed waste was eight time lower than that the value of kidneys suitable for consumption.

No Rio Grande do Sul está localizado o segundo maior rebanho de ovinos do Brasil e a demanda pelo consumo de carne desta espécie animal tem aumentado nos últimos anos. As criações em sistema intensivo têm tido um avanço considerável nesta região com o objetivo de aumentar a produção de ovinos para o abate e obter um lote uniforme, garantindo melhor qualidade da carne aos consumidores. Por outro lado, a aglomeração e o estresse que os animais passam pode levar a ocorrência de enfermidades e trazer prejuízos econômicos aos produtores. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram determinar as principais causas de morte que afetaram ovinos em um sistema intensivo de criação, estabelecer formas de controle e profilaxia das enfermidades diagnosticadas, bem como estimar as perdas econômicas delas decorrentes. Objetivou-se, também, determinar as causas de condenação de órgãos ou carcaças nos frigoríficos aos quais os ovinos eram enviados para o abate, para estimar as perdas neste setor produtivo. Para isso, foi realizado um trabalho de acompanhamento em um estabelecimento localizado no município de São Lourenço do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, no período de outubro de 2020 até setembro de 2021. Os ovinos mortos eram necropsiados e o diagnóstico realizado com base nos sinais clínicos, patologia e bacteriologia. As principais enfermidades diagnosticadas foram as parasitoses (15,4%) e as pneumonias (13%), seguidas de listeriose (9,6%). As lesões que levaram ao maior número de condenações foram hidatidose (29,9%), congestão renal (26,2%) e isquemia renal (25,8%). A estimativa de perdas econômicas no ano de 2021 foi de R$17.480,00, enquanto as perdas por morte de ovinos nos anos 2019 e 2020 foram de aproximadamente R$50.000,00 e R$54.000,00, respectivamente. Ficou evidenciada a importância da assistência técnica para a redução dessas perdas por mortalidade de ovinos criados em sistema intensivo. Observou-se, ainda, que os rins foram os órgãos mais frequentemente descartados para o consumo e que o valor de descarte como resíduo era oito vezes menor do que o valor dos rins aptos para o consumo.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa associated pulmonary infections and in vitro amplification virulent rhamnolipid (rhlR) gene / Infecções pulmonares associadas a Pseudomonas aeruginosa e gene ramnolipídeo virulento (rhlR) da amplificação in vitro

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common opportunistic pathogenic bacterium with the ability to develop a strong communication pathway by quorum sensing system and different virulent factors. Among the various important secretions of P. aeruginosa rhamnolipid is important biological detergent, believed to be involved in the development of the biofilm and intercellular communication. It readily dissolves the lung surfactants that are then easily catalyzed by the phospholipases and in this way is involved in the acute pulmonary infection. Objective: research work was designed to investigate virulence and gene associated with virulence in P. aeruginosa responsible for pulmonary infections. Methods: In current study polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for the detection of the rhlR (rhamnolipid encoding) gene of isolated strains. A number of assays were performed that ensured its virulent behavior. Disc diffusion method was used to check its antibiotic resistance. Isolated strains were resistant to a number of antibiotics applied. Result: It was found that males are more prone to respiratory infections as compared to females. Male members with age of 44-58 and 59-73 are at a higher risk, while females with age of 44-58 are also at a risk of pulmonary infections. Antibiotic resistance was observed by measuring zone of inhibition in strains GCU-SG-M4, GCU-SG-M3, GCU-SG-M5, GCU-SG-M2, GCU-SG-M1 and GCU-SG-M6. GCU-SG-M2 was resistant to fluconazole (FLU), clarithromycin (CLR), cefixime (CFM) and Penicillin (P10). No zone of inhibition was observed. But it showed unusual diffused zone around the Ak and MEM antibiotic discs. rhl R gene and 16s rRNA gene were characterized and analyzed. Conclusion: Findings from current study would help in raising awareness about antibiotic resistance of P. aeruginosa, and also the sequence of rhl R gene can be used as the diagnostic marker sequence to identify the virulent rhl R gene sequence from the samples when isolated from sputum of Pneumonia patients.

Antecedentes: Pseudomonas aeruginosa é uma bactéria patogênica oportunista comum, com a capacidade de desenvolver uma forte via de comunicação pelo sistema de detecção de quorum e diferentes fatores virulentos. Entre as várias secreções importantes de P. aeruginosa rhamnolipid, há um importante detergente biológico, que se acredita estar envolvido no desenvolvimento do biofilme e na comunicação intercelular. Dissolve rapidamente os surfactantes pulmonares que são facilmente catalisados pelas fosfolipases e, dessa maneira, estão envolvidos na infecção pulmonar aguda. Objetivo: O trabalho de pesquisa foi desenhado para investigar a virulência e o gene associado à virulência em P. aeruginosa responsável por infecções pulmonares. Métodos: No presente estudo, a reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) foi utilizada para a detecção do gene rhlR (codificação ramnolipídeo) de cepas isoladas. Foram realizados vários ensaios que garantiram seu comportamento virulento. O método de difusão em disco foi utilizado para verificar sua resistência a antibióticos. As estirpes isoladas foram resistentes a vários antibióticos aplicados. Resultado: Verificou-se que os homens são mais propensos a infecções respiratórias em comparação às mulheres. Membros do sexo masculino com idade entre 44 e 58 e 59 e 73 anos correm maior risco, enquanto mulheres com idade entre 44 e 58 anos também correm risco de infecções pulmonares. A resistência aos antibióticos foi observada medindo a zona de inibição nas cepas GCU-SG-M4, GCU-SG-M3, GCU-SG-M5, GCUSG-M2, GCU-SG-M1 e GCU-SG-M6. O GCU-SG-M2 foi resistente ao fluconazol (FLU), claritromicina (CLR), cefixima (CFM) e penicilina (P10). Nenhuma zona de inibição foi observada. Mas se notou uma zona difusa incomum ao redor dos discos antibióticos Ak e MEM. Os genes rhl R e 16s rRNA foram caracterizados e analisados. Conclusão: As conclusões do presente estudo ajudariam a aumentar a conscientização sobre a resistência a antibióticos de P. aeruginosa e, também, a sequência do gene rhl R pode ser usada como sequência de diagnóstico para identificar a sequência virulenta do gene rhl R das amostras quando isoladas do escarro de pacientes com pneumonia.

Principais causas de rejeições nos bovinos, caprinos e suínos registradas nos matadouros do município de Benguela (Angola), no período de janeiro a abril de 2021 / The main causes of rejections in cattle, goats and swine recorded in slaughterhouses in Benguela (Angola) from January to April of 2021

O presente estudo apresenta as causas de rejeições parciais e totais nos matadouros do município sede da província de Benguela, localizada a oeste de Angola, no período de janeiro a abril de 2021. Foram abatidos e inspecionados 500 animais, sendo 349 bovinos, 108 suínos e 43 caprinos. Durante três meses, foi feito o acompanhamento da inspeção post mortem, realizado pelos técnicos do Instituto de Serviços de Veterinária (ISV), autoridade competente, durante a qual se utilizou o método de observação, de registros, consulta de arquivos publicados e captação de imagens por fotografia. Foram registradas 188 rejeições parciais e totais, sendo que 38% dos animais inspecionados apresentaram lesões nas vísceras vermelhas, principalmente nos pulmões e no fígado, 82,9% das lesões nos pulmões foram sugestivas da Peripneumonia Contagiosa Bovina (PPCB). Entre as doenças parasitárias, prevaleceram a hidatidose e a fasciolose nos bovinos e, a cisticercose nos suínos. A análise dos dados obtidos na pesquisa mostrou que a maior parte das rejeições de forma parcial nos bovinos e caprinos tiveram como causa lesões nas vísceras vermelhas, principalmente nos pulmões. Nos suínos as rejeições tiveram como causa, a observação do Cisticercus suis nos músculos na forma generalizada.(AU)

The present study demonstrates the causes of partial and total rejections in slaughterhouses in the capital of Benguela province, located on the west of Angola, from January to April of 2021, five hundred (500) animals were slaughtered and inspected, tree hundred and forty-nine (349) cattle, one hundred and eight (108) pigs and forty-three goats. For three months we monitored the post mortem inspection carried out by technicians from the Institute of Veterinary Services (ISV), the competent authority used the observations method, records, consultations of the published files from other countries and capture imagens by photography. Were recorded a hundred and eighty-eight (188) partial and five (5) total rejections. About 38% of the inspected animals had lesions in the red viscera (mainly in the lungs and liver) and 82.9% of the lung lesions were suggestive of Bovine Contagious Peripneumonia (PPCB). Among the parasitic diseases, hydatid disease and fasciolosis prevailed in cattle and the cysticercosis in pigs. The analysis of the data obtained in the research showed that most of the partial rejections in cattle and goats were caused by lesions in the red viscera, mainly in the lungs. In pigs, rejections were caused by the observation of Cisticercus suis in the muscles in a generalized form.(AU)

Enzymatic markers of pulmonary inflammation in tracheal wash fluid in racehorses: alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase

Background: Diagnosis of the lower airway diseases (LAD) in horses relies on clinical signs, endoscopic examinationand cytologic evaluation of lower respiratory tract flushing fluids as well. Specific enzyme activities in respiratory tractfluids of horses could be used as useful indicators in lower airway disorders. The main goal of the study was to evaluate thediagnostic usefulness of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme activites in tracheal wash(TW) fluids of horses with lower respiratory tract inflammation and/or damage and also in distinguishing of non-septicand septic inflammation in racehorses with LAD.Materials, Methods & Results: A cross-sectional study was conducted in racehorses. TW fluid samples were obtainedfrom 83 racehorses (71 with lower airway diseases and 12 healthy controls) for the study. The One-Way ANOVATest was used for the significance analysis of the differences between the groups in showing the normal distributionof blood serum ALP and LDH properties. Kruskal Wallis H Test and Tamhane T2 test were used for the significanceanalysis of the differences between the groups of tracheal ALP and LDH properties, which were not normally distributed. The sampled horses were classified into 3 groups as healthy control, non septic neutrophilic inflammation(NS-LAD) and septic neutrophilic inflammation (S-LAD) according to the tracheal mucus scores determined duringendoscopic examination, clinical signs, cytologic and bacteriologic examination of collected TW samples. Accordingto cytology results normal neutrophil levels (< 20%) were determined in the healthy control group (14.5%). However, increased neutrophil levels (≥ 20% and ≥ 80%) were encountered in the NS-LAD (61.4%) and S-LAD (24.1%)groups respectively. Also, the signs of degenerative changes and presence of intracellular bacteria in the neutrophilcells in the S-LAD group were observed. Bacteriologic analysis of the samples...

Enzymatic markers of pulmonary inflammation in tracheal wash fluid in racehorses: alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase

Background: Diagnosis of the lower airway diseases (LAD) in horses relies on clinical signs, endoscopic examinationand cytologic evaluation of lower respiratory tract flushing fluids as well. Specific enzyme activities in respiratory tractfluids of horses could be used as useful indicators in lower airway disorders. The main goal of the study was to evaluate thediagnostic usefulness of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme activites in tracheal wash(TW) fluids of horses with lower respiratory tract inflammation and/or damage and also in distinguishing of non-septicand septic inflammation in racehorses with LAD.Materials, Methods & Results: A cross-sectional study was conducted in racehorses. TW fluid samples were obtainedfrom 83 racehorses (71 with lower airway diseases and 12 healthy controls) for the study. The One-Way ANOVATest was used for the significance analysis of the differences between the groups in showing the normal distributionof blood serum ALP and LDH properties. Kruskal Wallis H Test and Tamhane T2 test were used for the significanceanalysis of the differences between the groups of tracheal ALP and LDH properties, which were not normally distributed. The sampled horses were classified into 3 groups as healthy control, non septic neutrophilic inflammation(NS-LAD) and septic neutrophilic inflammation (S-LAD) according to the tracheal mucus scores determined duringendoscopic examination, clinical signs, cytologic and bacteriologic examination of collected TW samples. Accordingto cytology results normal neutrophil levels (< 20%) were determined in the healthy control group (14.5%). However, increased neutrophil levels (≥ 20% and ≥ 80%) were encountered in the NS-LAD (61.4%) and S-LAD (24.1%)groups respectively. Also, the signs of degenerative changes and presence of intracellular bacteria in the neutrophilcells in the S-LAD group were observed. Bacteriologic analysis of the samples...(AU)

Agents of pneumonia in slaughtered pigs in southern Brazil / Agentes patogênicos de pneumonia em suínos abatidos no sul do Brasil

A high prevalence of pneumonic lesions has been reported to affect slaughtered pigs in southern Brazil. In order to identify which microorganisms have been causing those lesions, 30 pig lungs presenting pneumonic gross lesions were collected from five different slaughterhouses, totaling 150 lungs. Samples for bacterial isolation, molecular, histopathologic and immunohistochemistry (IHC) evaluation were taken from each lung. The pneumonic lesion scoring ranged from 1.53 to 2.83. The most frequent histopathological lesions found was the concomitant Influenza A virus (IAV) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection, corresponding to 55.3% (83/150), and Pasteurella multocida type A was isolated in 54.2% (45/83) of these cases. In 102 samples (68%), there was histopathologic suggestion of involvement of more than one infectious agent. M. hyopneumoniae was the most frequent agent associated with pneumonic lesions, being present in 92.1% (94/102) of the lungs with coinfections, followed by IAV in 89.2% (91/102). Besides the coinfections, IAV lesions were observed also in six samples without another pathogenic microorganism detected. A total of 46 samples with acute and subacute IAV suspected lesions in histopathological examination were assessed for IHC and real time RT-PCR for IAV. A total of 35% (16/46) of them were positive by IHC and 13% (6/46) by real time RT-PCR. Regarding M. hyopneumoniae, 79.3% (119/150) of samples were positive by qPCR and 84.9% (101/119) of them also presented M. hyopneumoniae suspected lesions in the histopathological examination. The results of this study suggest the importance of IAV in respiratory diseases in finishing pigs, even though this virus is more frequently reported in the nursery phase. In addition, our results emphasize the importance of lung coinfections in finishing pigs.(AU)

Lesões sugestivas de pneumonia são frequentemente encontradas em altas prevalências em suínos abatidos no sul do Brasil. Para identificar quais microrganismos causam essas lesões, foram coletados 30 pulmões de suínos com lesão macroscópica sugestiva de pneumonia em cinco frigoríficos diferentes, totalizando 150 pulmões. Amostras para isolamento bacteriano, avaliação molecular, histopatológica e imuno-histoquímica (IHC) foram coletadas de cada pulmão. O escore de lesão pulmonar variou entre 1,53 a 2,83. O achado histopatológico mais observado foi a lesão sugestiva de infecção concomitante pelo vírus Influenza A (IAV) e Mycoplasma (M.) hyopneumoniae, correspondendo a 55,3% (83/150), e em 54,2% (45/83) desses casos Pasteurella (P.) multocida tipo A foi isolado. Em 102 amostras (68%), houve lesão histopatológica sugestiva do envolvimento de mais de um agente infeccioso. M. hyopneumoniae foi o microrganismo mais frequente associado a lesões de pneumonia, estando presente em 92,1% (94/102) dos pulmões com coinfecções, seguido de IAV, que foi encontrado em 89,2% (91/102). Além das coinfecções, lesões de IAV foram observadas em mais seis amostras que não aparentavam envolvimento de outro agente infeccioso. Um total de 46 amostras com suspeita de lesão aguda e subaguda de IAV no exame histopatológico foram avaliadas para IHC e RT-PCR em tempo real para IAV e 35% (16/46) delas foram positivas por IHC e 13% (6/46) foram positivas por RT-PCR em tempo real. Com relação a M. hyopneumoniae, 79,3% (119/150) das amostras foram positivas por qPCR e 84,9% (101/119) delas também apresentaram lesões suspeitas de M. hyopneumoniae no exame histopatológico. Os resultados deste trabalho sugerem a importância do IAV como agente causador de pneumonias em suínos de terminação, embora esse vírus seja mais frequentemente relatado na fase de creche. Além disso, os achados deste trabalho demonstram a presença frequente de coinfecções pulmonares em suínos de terminação.(AU)

A fatal pneumonia due to coinfection of Pseudomonas putida and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in a laboratory beagle dog

Background: Pseudomonas putida (P. putida) is widely distributed in the environment, and sometimes caused nosocomialinfections in human beings, but no case of infection has been reported in beagle dogs. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius(S. pseudintermedius) is a natural cutaneous bacterium in dogs and occasionally causes purulent infections of the skin yetrarely causes pneumonia. Both bacteria are opportunistic pathogens. Dogs, even well-controlled laboratory beagle dogs,maybe infected by the bacterium in certain conditions like this report. In order to provide information and give suggestionto veterinarians involved in dogs study, a complete profile of the coinfection was drawn in this report.Case: It is presented a case of an 8-month-old beagle dog, weighing 6 kg that suffered from coinfection of P. putida andS. pseudintermedius during a treatment of chemotherapy. The animal was confirmed as normal by appearance, physicalexamination and laboratory tests before arrival according to the applicable guidelines. After 14-day acclimation period, theanimal was administrated with a tyrosinase inhibitor once daily via oral gavage. From Day 8, coughing, decreased activity, hyporeflexia, squinting, shortness of breath (abdominal breathing), and discharge around the nose as well as cracklesin the lung and rapid heart rate were noted. Since the poor conditions progressed quickly and have not been improved bytreatment of ceftriaxone and dexamethasone. On Day 9, the animal was euthanized for humanitarian reasons. To define thepathogen, hilar lymph node and thoracic swab were collected for bacteria isolation and purification in special mediums,and at last characterized by Gram staining and 16s rRNA gene sequence analysis and positive PCR-restriction fragmentlength polymorphism. In clinical pathological examination, an increase in WBC, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes...

Agents of pneumonia in slaughtered pigs in southern Brazil / Agentes patogênicos de pneumonia em suínos abatidos no sul do Brasil

A high prevalence of pneumonic lesions has been reported to affect slaughtered pigs in southern Brazil. In order to identify which microorganisms have been causing those lesions, 30 pig lungs presenting pneumonic gross lesions were collected from five different slaughterhouses, totaling 150 lungs. Samples for bacterial isolation, molecular, histopathologic and immunohistochemistry (IHC) evaluation were taken from each lung. The pneumonic lesion scoring ranged from 1.53 to 2.83. The most frequent histopathological lesions found was the concomitant Influenza A virus (IAV) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection, corresponding to 55.3% (83/150), and Pasteurella multocida type A was isolated in 54.2% (45/83) of these cases. In 102 samples (68%), there was histopathologic suggestion of involvement of more than one infectious agent. M. hyopneumoniae was the most frequent agent associated with pneumonic lesions, being present in 92.1% (94/102) of the lungs with coinfections, followed by IAV in 89.2% (91/102). Besides the coinfections, IAV lesions were observed also in six samples without another pathogenic microorganism detected. A total of 46 samples with acute and subacute IAV suspected lesions in histopathological examination were assessed for IHC and real time RT-PCR for IAV. A total of 35% (16/46) of them were positive by IHC and 13% (6/46) by real time RT-PCR. Regarding M. hyopneumoniae, 79.3% (119/150) of samples were positive by qPCR and 84.9% (101/119) of them also presented M. hyopneumoniae suspected lesions in the histopathological examination. The results of this study suggest the importance of IAV in respiratory diseases in finishing pigs, even though this virus is more frequently reported in the nursery phase. In addition, our results emphasize the importance of lung coinfections in finishing pigs.(AU)

Lesões sugestivas de pneumonia são frequentemente encontradas em altas prevalências em suínos abatidos no sul do Brasil. Para identificar quais microrganismos causam essas lesões, foram coletados 30 pulmões de suínos com lesão macroscópica sugestiva de pneumonia em cinco frigoríficos diferentes, totalizando 150 pulmões. Amostras para isolamento bacteriano, avaliação molecular, histopatológica e imuno-histoquímica (IHC) foram coletadas de cada pulmão. O escore de lesão pulmonar variou entre 1,53 a 2,83. O achado histopatológico mais observado foi a lesão sugestiva de infecção concomitante pelo vírus Influenza A (IAV) e Mycoplasma (M.) hyopneumoniae, correspondendo a 55,3% (83/150), e em 54,2% (45/83) desses casos Pasteurella (P.) multocida tipo A foi isolado. Em 102 amostras (68%), houve lesão histopatológica sugestiva do envolvimento de mais de um agente infeccioso. M. hyopneumoniae foi o microrganismo mais frequente associado a lesões de pneumonia, estando presente em 92,1% (94/102) dos pulmões com coinfecções, seguido de IAV, que foi encontrado em 89,2% (91/102). Além das coinfecções, lesões de IAV foram observadas em mais seis amostras que não aparentavam envolvimento de outro agente infeccioso. Um total de 46 amostras com suspeita de lesão aguda e subaguda de IAV no exame histopatológico foram avaliadas para IHC e RT-PCR em tempo real para IAV e 35% (16/46) delas foram positivas por IHC e 13% (6/46) foram positivas por RT-PCR em tempo real. Com relação a M. hyopneumoniae, 79,3% (119/150) das amostras foram positivas por qPCR e 84,9% (101/119) delas também apresentaram lesões suspeitas de M. hyopneumoniae no exame histopatológico. Os resultados deste trabalho sugerem a importância do IAV como agente causador de pneumonias em suínos de terminação, embora esse vírus seja mais frequentemente relatado na fase de creche. Além disso, os achados deste trabalho demonstram a presença frequente de coinfecções pulmonares em suínos de terminação.(AU)

A fatal pneumonia due to coinfection of Pseudomonas putida and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in a laboratory beagle dog

Background: Pseudomonas putida (P. putida) is widely distributed in the environment, and sometimes caused nosocomialinfections in human beings, but no case of infection has been reported in beagle dogs. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius(S. pseudintermedius) is a natural cutaneous bacterium in dogs and occasionally causes purulent infections of the skin yetrarely causes pneumonia. Both bacteria are opportunistic pathogens. Dogs, even well-controlled laboratory beagle dogs,maybe infected by the bacterium in certain conditions like this report. In order to provide information and give suggestionto veterinarians involved in dogs study, a complete profile of the coinfection was drawn in this report.Case: It is presented a case of an 8-month-old beagle dog, weighing 6 kg that suffered from coinfection of P. putida andS. pseudintermedius during a treatment of chemotherapy. The animal was confirmed as normal by appearance, physicalexamination and laboratory tests before arrival according to the applicable guidelines. After 14-day acclimation period, theanimal was administrated with a tyrosinase inhibitor once daily via oral gavage. From Day 8, coughing, decreased activity, hyporeflexia, squinting, shortness of breath (abdominal breathing), and discharge around the nose as well as cracklesin the lung and rapid heart rate were noted. Since the poor conditions progressed quickly and have not been improved bytreatment of ceftriaxone and dexamethasone. On Day 9, the animal was euthanized for humanitarian reasons. To define thepathogen, hilar lymph node and thoracic swab were collected for bacteria isolation and purification in special mediums,and at last characterized by Gram staining and 16s rRNA gene sequence analysis and positive PCR-restriction fragmentlength polymorphism. In clinical pathological examination, an increase in WBC, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes...(AU)

Casuistry of radiographic examinations of wild animals in the southern region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, from 2017 to 2020 / [Casuística dos exames radiográficos de animais silvestres na região Sul do Rio Grande do Sul entre 2017-2020]

A radiologia é uma importante ferramenta complementar para o diagnóstico de diversas afecções em diferentes espécies. O uso de exames complementares na medicina de animais silvestres, em especial o exame de imagem, traz inúmeras informações acerca do paciente. Este trabalho apresenta os dados obtidos por meio de um levantamento dos exames radiográficos realizados em animais silvestres entre os anos de 2017 e 2020, no Laboratório de Diagnóstico de Imagem e Cardiologia (LADIC), do Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (HCV/UFPel). Ao todo, foram avaliados 464 prontuários, sendo 293 (63,1%) de aves, 135 (29,1%) de mamíferos e 36 (7,8%) de répteis. As alterações mais encontradas nos exames radiológicos foram fratura de membros torácicos para as duas primeiras classes, e pneumonia para a última.(AU)

Granulomatous pneumonia due to pythiosis in captive South American coatis (Nasua nasua) / Pneumonia granulomatosa decorrente de pitiose em quatis sul-americanos (Nasua nasua) de cativeiro

Pythiosis is an emerging infectious disease affecting captive and free-ranging wild animals. We report granulomatous pneumonia due to Pythium insidiosum in two South American coatis (Nasua nasua), who were found dead without any clinical records. Severe granulomatous pneumonia associated with pleural effusion was revealed in the necropsy. Microscopically, variably sized granulomas and pyogranulomas presented negative hyphae profiles at the periphery of their necrotic cores. Grocott methenamine silver stain highlighted these structures, and immunostain (anti- P. insidiosum) was strongly positive. Molecular analysis by polymerase chain reaction amplified P. insidiosum specific DNA. These findings characterized P. insidiosum as a cause of granulomatous pneumonia in coatis and proved that pythiosis needs to be considered in the differential diagnosis of respiratory diseases affecting this species in endemic areas.(AU)

A pitiose é uma doença infecciosa emergente que afeta animais silvestres de cativeiro e em vida livre. Reportamos dois casos de pneumonia granulomatosa decorrentes da infecção por Pythium Insidiosum em quatis sul-americanos (Nasua nasua), que foram encontrados mortos sem apresentar nenhum quadro clínico prévio. Pneumonia granulomatosa severa associada a efusão pleural foi observada durante a necropsia. Na microscopia, foram observados múltiplos granulomas e piogranulomas de tamanhos variados que continham imagens negativas de hifas na periferia de seus centros necróticos. A coloração de metenamina de prata (Grocott) evidenciou estas estruturas, e a imunomarcação (anti-P. insidiosum) foi fortemente positiva. A análise molecular pela reação de polimerase em cadeia amplificou o DNA específico do P. insidiousum. Estes achados caracterizaram o P. insidiosum como a causa da pneumonia granulomatosa nos quatis e provou que a pitiose deve ser considerada um diagnostico diferencial para outras doenças respiratórias que afetam esta espécie.(AU)