Diagnosis of transmissible venereal tumors in bitches - platelet indices are a remarkable marker?

Background: Hematological analyses are seen as more preferred laboratory analyses in canine transmissible venereal tumor studies. There is no information about the availability of platelets and their indices in routine practice in canine transmissible venereal tumor cases. Taking this as a starting point, this study analyzed the usefulness of platelet indices in dogs with transmissible venereal tumor in clinical laboratory diagnosis as well as examined the relationship between white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets (PLT), main platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), plateletcrit (PCT), and the ratio of main platelet volume to platelets (MPV/PLT). Materials, Methods & Results: In the study, a total of 42 bitches of various breeds were used. Nineteen healthy bitches were used as a control group, and the others 23 with cTVT as a study group. Metastasis was not observed in any of the bitches involved in the study. History, clinical findings, and cytological examinations were evaluated for the diagnosis of cTVT. In animals with hemorrhagic discharge and neoplastic lesions, a vaginal cytological examination was performed. Typical TVT cells with large nuclei and intracytoplasmic vacuoles were observed in the vaginal cytological examinations, and the diagnosis of TVT was made. Healthy bitches (19) and those with TVT (23) were 39.16 5.37 months and 47.61 5.14 months old, respectively. From all animals, 2 mL blood samples were collected from V. cephalica to evaluate PIs in the complete blood count (CBC). Collected blood samples were analyzed using an automated hematology analyzer. As a result of the analysis, WBC, RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, MCHC, RDW, PLT, MPV, PDW, PCT, and MPV/PLT data were obtained. Mild leukocytosis, an increase in PLT, and a decrease in MCV and MPV/PLT were determined in the study group compared to the control group. Cut-off values in CBC of bitches with TVT were determined as WBC: 13.35 (sensitivity: 78%; specificity: 90%); MCV: 67 (sensitivity: 57%; specificity: 95%); PLT: 315.50 (sensitivity: 65%; specificity: 74%); and MPV/PLT: 0.028 (sensitivity: 78%; specificity: 58%). In CBC analyses, a strong negative correlation between PLT and MPV/PLT was detected in both groups. Discussion: Canine transmissible venereal tumors are common in both stray and pet dogs. It is naturally transferred from animal to animal during mating by live tumor cells. This tumor can commonly affect the external genitalia and internal organs in some cases. It generally has the look of cauliflower, and its surface is ulcerated, inflammatory, hemorrhagic, and infectious. More preferred laboratory analyses are complete blood count and blood chemistry analysis in cTVT for to evaluate the success of treatments. Platelet indices have been investigated in many diseases such as endotoxemia, chronic enteropathy, mammary tumor, parvoviral enteritis, septic peritonitis, lymphoma, pyometra, visceral leishmaniasis, and babesiosis in dogs. There is no information available for either diagnostic or prognostic use of the PIs in canine TVT cases. Ultimately, in light of the presented study's results, platelet indices, especially PLT and the MPV/PLT ratio, seem to be notable laboratory markers in terms of easy accessibility and low-cost assessment techniques in canine transmissible venereal tumor cases. New data, however, should be established by a thorough follow-up study using a larger sample size and addressing its usefulness as a diagnostic or prognostic marker in canine transmissible venereal tumors.

Alterações no VCM e suas correlações com os valores de RDW-SD e RDW-CV em caninos e felinos / Variation in MCV and its correlation with RDW-SD and RDW-CV values in dogs and cats

A anemia é uma síndrome caracterizada pela diminuição do número de hemácias, hematócrito e/ou concentração de hemoglobina. Conforme o Volume Corpuscular Médio (VCM), as anemias podem ser classificadas em microcíticas, normocíticas ou macrocíticas. O RDW (Amplitude de Distribuição dos Eritrócitos) também é utilizado para ajudar na classificação das anemias, refletindo a anisocitose da população eritrocitária. Neste estudo retrospectivo objetivou-se determinar a correlação entre o RDW-SD (Desvio Padrão), RDW-CV (Coeficiente de Variação), macrocitose e microcitose em caninos e felinos atendidos na rotina clínica do Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Luterana do Brasil. Para a realização deste estudo, selecionou-se 662 laudos de hemogramas realizados (434 caninos e 228 felinos), com faixa etária de seis meses até 10 anos, foram divididos em dois grupos: Grupo 1 ­ Anemia microcítica (255 caninos e 61 felinos); Grupo 2 ­ Anemia macrocítica (179 caninos e 167 felinos). Posteriormente, correlacionou-se os grupos com os valores de RDW-SD e RDW-CV. As análises de correlação foram realizadas utilizando o teste Spearman, para a análise de significância foi utilizado o T Student, no programa IBM SPSS®Statistics. Na análise estatística do grupo canino, não houve correlação da microcitose com o RDW-SD, enquanto o RDW-CV apresentou uma correlação inversamente proporcional, razoável. No grupo macrocítico canino, a análise de correlação com o RDW-SD foi moderada e diretamente proporcional, e com o RDW-CV foi moderada e diretamente proporcional. No grupo felino, não houve correlação entre microcitose e RDW-SD, e com o RDW-CV houve uma correlação razoável e inversamente proporcional. Entre macrocitose em felinos e o RDW-SD houve uma correlação moderada e diretamente proporcional, já o RDW-CV apresentou uma correlação razoável e diretamente proporcional. Conclui-se que os caninos e felinos do grupo microcítico apresentam uma correlação com o RDW-CV. Contudo, os caninos com macrocitose apresentaram correlação tanto para o RDW-CV quanto para o RDW-SD, e os felinos apresentaram uma maior correlação com o RDW-SD.

Anemia is a syndrome characterized by a low red blood cell count, hematocrit and/or hemoglobin concentration. According to the Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), anemias can be classified as microcytic, normocytic or macrocytic. The RDW (Red Cell Distribution Width) is also used to help classify anemias, reflecting the anisocytosis of the erythrocyte population. This retrospective study aimed to determine the correlation between RDW-SD (Standard Deviation), RDW-CV (Coefficient of Variation), macrocytosis and microcytosis in canines and felines treated in the clinical routine of the Veterinary Hospital of Universidade Luterana do Brasil. To carry out this study, 662 blood count reports were selected (434 canines and 228 felines), aged between six months and 10 years, divided into two groups: Group 1 ­ Microcytic anemia (255 canines and 61 felines); Group 2 ­ Macrocytic anemia (179 canines and 167 felines). Subsequently, the groups were correlated with the values of RDW-SD and RDW-CV. Correlation analyzes were performed using the Spearman test, for the analysis of significance the T Student was used, in the IBM SPSS® Statistics program. In the statistical analysis of the canine group, there was no correlation between microcytosis and the RDW-SD, while the RDW-CV showed a reasonable, inversely proportional correlation. In the canine macrocytic group, correlation analysis with RDW-SD was moderate and directly proportional, and with RDW-CV it was moderate and directly proportional. In the feline group, there was no correlation between microcytosis and RDW-SD, and with RDW-CV there was a reasonable and inversely proportional correlation. There was a moderate and directly proportional correlation between macrocytosis in felines and RDW-SD, whereas RDW-CV presented a reasonable and directly proportional correlation. It is concluded that the canines and felines of the microcytic group present a correlation with the RDW-CV. However, canines with macrocytosis showed a correlation for both RDW-CV and RDW-SD, and felines showed a greater correlation with RDW-SD.

VCM, RDW-SD e RDW-CV em cães e gatos saudáveis da cidade de Canoas (RS) / MCV, RDW-SD and RDW-CV in healthy dogs and cats from the city of Canoas (RS) / VCM, RDW-SD y RDW-CV em perros y gatos sanos de la ciudad de Canoas (RS)

A Amplitude de Distribuição dos Eritrócitos na automação é medida como RDW-CV (como Coeficiente de Variação) e RDW-SD (como Desvio Padrão), avaliando a variação do volume dos eritrócitos. Embora o RDW-CV seja amplamente utilizado na medicina veterinária como auxílio no diagnóstico da anisocitose, o RDW-SD é raramente utilizado. O estabelecimento dos valores de referência dos três parâmetros poderá auxiliar na diferenciação de algumas anemias e facilitar o diagnóstico das doenças. Foram coletados os dados de 425 cães (240 fêmeas e 185 machos) e 96 gatos (62 fêmeas e 34 machos) saudáveis atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da ULBRA (Canoas/RS), e posteriormente os animais foram divididos em três grupos etários: grupo 1 (3 a 12meses), grupo 2(1 a 8 anos) e grupo 3 (acima de 8 anos). Objetivou-se o estabelecimento de valores de referências para as espécies, assim como a análise de diferença estatística de fêmeas e machos e dos grupos etários para as variáveis estudadas. O programa IBM SPSS® Statistics foi utilizado para as análises estatísticas.

The red blood cell distribution width in automation is measured as RDW-CV (as Coefficient of Variation) and RDW-SD (as Standard Deviation) to assess the variation in erythrocyte volume. Although RDW-CV is widely used in veterinary medicine for the diagnosis of anisocytosis, RDW-SD is rarely used. The establishment of reference values for the parameters may help to differentiate some anemias and facilitate the diagnosis of diseases. Data were collected from 425 healthy dogs (240 females and 185 males) and 96 healthy cats (62 females and 34 males) attended at the ULBRA's Veterinary Hospital (Canoas/RS), and later the animals were divided into three age groups: group 1 (3 to 12 months), group 2 (1 to 8 years) and group 3 (over 8 years). The objective was to establish reference values for the species, as well as to analyze the statistical difference of females and males and of the age groups for the studied variables. The IBM SPSS® Statistics program was used for statistical analysis.

La amplitude de distribución de eritrócitos em automatización se mide como RDW-CV (como coeficiente de variación) y RDW-SD (como desviación estándar), evaluando la variación en el volumen de los eritrocitos. Aunque RDW-CV se usa ampliamente en medicina veterinaria como ayuda en el diagnóstico de anisocitosis, RDW-SD rara vez se usa. El establecimiento de valores de referencia para los tres parámetros puede ayudar a diferenciar alguna anemia y facilitar el diagnóstico de enfermedades. Se recogieron datos de 425 perros sanos (240 hembras y 185 machos) y 96 gatos (62 hembras y 34 machos) tratados en el Hospital Veterinario ULBRA (Canoas/RS), y posteriormente los animales se dividieron en tres grupos de edad: grupo 1 (3 a 12 meses), grupo 2 (1 a 8 años) y grupo 3 (mayores de 8 años). El objetivo fue establecer valores de referencia para la especie, así como el análisis de diferencia estadística entre hembras y machos y grupos de edad para las variables estudiadas. Para los análisis estadísticos se utilizó el programa IBM SPSS® Statistics.

Haematological changes in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus f. domesticus) in the course of pregnancy

Abstract The analysis of haematological parameters is an important element of the assessment of the physiological condition of animals. Haematological parameters may change both under the influence of various external factors, and in the course of normal pregnancy, which has been found in various species of mammals, including rabbits. Our study showed statistically significant (p<0.05) changes in basic haematological parameters: RBC (decrease; 5.87±0.48 at day 15 vs. 5.42±0.32 T/L at day 26), MCH (increase; 1.35±0.04 before matching vs. 1.41±0.03 fmol at day 26), RDW (decrease; 15.77±1.80 at day 15 vs. 14.27±1.57% at day 26) MPV (increase; 5.17±0.31 at day 15 vs. 5.92±0.70 fL at day 26), WBC (decrease; 8.60±2.57 at day 15 vs. 4.94±0.88 G/L at day 26) and PLT (decrease; 398.17±91.67 before matching vs. 271.67±61.72 G/L at day 26) in Termond White rabbits and RBC (decrease; 6.18±0.68 before matching vs. 5.68±0.54 T/L at day 26), Hb (decrease; 8.00±0.90 before matching vs. 7.32±0.71 mmol/L at day 26), MCH (decrease; 1.32±0.05 at day 15 vs. 1.29±0.04 fmol at day 26) and WBC (decrease; 9.62±1.81 before matching vs. 5.85±2.23 G/L at day 26 as well as 9.58±2.35 at day 15 vs. 5.85±2.23 G/L at day 26) in Popielno White rabbits. Moreover, in the Popielno White rabbits we recorded a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the percentage of irregular erythrocytes at the end of pregnancy (11.00±10.02 at day 15 vs. 3.00±4.94 at day 26). The changes appear to be physiological but should be considered in studies using rabbits as model organisms.

Referências hematológicas e bioquímicas em coelhos domésticos (Oryctolagus cuniculus) da região de Canoas (RS) / Hematological and biochemical reference values in domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) from Canoas city (RS) / Referencias hematológicas y bioquímicas en conejos domésticos (Oryctolagus cuniculus) de la región de Canoas (RS)

Os coelhos domésticos (Oryctolagus cuniculus) são criados para produção de carne, lã, pele, pesquisas em laboratório e como animais de companhia. O objetivo do presente trabalho é determinar os parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos de coelhos domésticos com raças variadas, no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA/CANOAS–RS). Para a determinação bioquímica foram utilizados kits reagentes Labtest®, analisados em espectrofotômetro BA-88 Mindray®, o hemograma foi realizado em contador hematológico (Sysmex® PocH-100iV Diff) com diferenciação leucocitária por microscopia óptica. A proteína plasmática total (PPT) foi realizada por refratometria, para o fibrinogênio usou-se a técnica de precipitação por calor. Os valores bioquímicos obtidos foram: Albumina 4,0 – 5,2 g/dL, alanina aminotransferase (ALT) 42,0 – 68,0 UI/L, creatinina 1,1 – 1,3 mg/dL, gama-glutamil transferase (GGT) 21,0 – 27,0 UI/L e ureia 38,0 – 46,0 mg/dL. Os parâmetros hematológicos foram: Eritrócitos (x106μL) 5,4 – 6,8; hematócrito (%) 41 – 49; Volume Corpuscular Médio (VCM) (fL) 71 – 77; Amplitude de Distribuição dos Eritrócitos (RDW) (%) 13,2 – 17,8; plaquetas (μL) 328.000 – 544.000; PPT (g/dL) 6,5 – 7,7; fibrinogênio (mg/dL) 12 – 300; leucócitos totais (μL) 5.800 – 10.800; heterófilos (μL) 1.400 – 4.400; eosinófilos (μL) 0 – 360; linfócitos (μL) 2.800 – 6.600; monócitos (μL) 40 – 800; basófilos (μL) 0 – 36.

Domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) are bred for the production of meat, wool, fur, laboratory research and as companion animals. The objective of the present work is to determine the hematological and biochemical parameters of domestic rabbits of different breeds, at the Veterinary Hospital of Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA/CANOAS–RS). For biochemical determination, Labtest® reagent kits were used, analyzed in a BA–88 Mindray® spectrophotometer, the blood count was performed in a hematological counter (Sysmex® PocH–100iV Diff) with leukocyte differentiation by optical microscopy. Total plasma protein (TPP) was performed by refractometry, for fibrinogen the heat precipitation technique was used. The biochemical values ​​obtained were: Albumin 4.0 – 5.2 g/dL, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 42.0 – 68.0 IU/L, creatinine 1.1 – 1.3 mg/dL, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) 21.0 – 27.0 IU/L and urea ​​38.0 – 46.0 mg/dL. The hematological parameters were: RBC (x106μL) 5.4 – 6.8; packed cell volume (%) 41 – 49; mean cell volume (MCV) (fL) 71 – 77; red blood cell distribution width (RDW) (%) 13.2 – 17.8; platelets (μL) 328.000 – 544.000; TPP (g/dL) 6.4 – 7.7; fibrinogen (mg / dL) 12 – 300; leukocytes (μL) 5.800 – 10.800; heterophiles (μL) 1.400 – 4.400; eosinophils (μL) 0 – 360; lymphocytes (μL) 2.800 – 6.600; monocytes (μL) 40 – 800; basophils (μL) 0 – 36.

Los conejos domésticos (Oryctolagus cuniculus) se crían para carne, lana, producción de pieles, investigación de laboratorio y como animales de compañía. El objetivo del presente trabajo es determinar los parámetros hematológicos y bioquímicos de conejos domésticos de diferentes razas, en el Hospital Veterinario de la Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA/CANOAS – RS). Para la determinación bioquímica se utilizaron kits de reactivos Labtest®, analizados en un espectrofotómetro BA-88 Mindray®, el hemograma se realizó en un contador hematológico (Sysmex® PocH-100iV Diff) con diferenciación leucocitaria por microscopía óptica. La proteína plasmática total (PPT) se realizó mediante refractometría, para el fibrinógeno se utilizó la técnica de precipitación por calor. Los valores bioquímicos obtenidos fueron: Albúmina 4,0 - 5,2 g/dL, alanina aminotransferasa (ALT) 42,0 – 68,0 UI/L, creatinina 1,1 – 1,3 mg/dL, gamma-glutamil transferasa (GGT) 21,0 – 27,0 UI/L y urea 38,0 – 46,0 mg/dL. Los parámetros hematológicos fueron: Eritrocitos (x106μL) 5,4 – 6,8; hematocrito (%) 41 – 49; Volumen corpuscular medio (MCV) (fL) 71 – 77; Rango de distribución de eritrocitos (RDW) (%) 13,2 – 17,8; plaquetas (μL) 328.000 – 544.000; PPT (g/dL) 6,5 – 7,7; fibrinógeno (mg/dL) 12 – 300; leucocitos totales (μL) 5,800 – 10,800; heterófilos (μL) 1.400 – 4.400; eosinófilos (μL) 0 – 360; linfocitos (μL) 2.800 – 6.600; monocitos (μL) 40 – 800; basófilos (μL) 0 – 36.

Referências hematológicas e bioquímicas em coelhos domésticos (Oryctolagus cuniculus) da região de Canoas (RS) / Hematological and biochemical reference values in domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) from Canoas city (RS) / Referencias hematológicas y bioquímicas en conejos domésticos (Oryctolagus cuniculus) de la región de Canoas (RS)

Os coelhos domésticos (Oryctolagus cuniculus) são criados para produção de carne, lã, pele, pesquisas em laboratório e como animais de companhia. O objetivo do presente trabalho é determinar os parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos de coelhos domésticos com raças variadas, no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA/CANOAS–RS). Para a determinação bioquímica foram utilizados kits reagentes Labtest®, analisados em espectrofotômetro BA-88 Mindray®, o hemograma foi realizado em contador hematológico (Sysmex® PocH-100iV Diff) com diferenciação leucocitária por microscopia óptica. A proteína plasmática total (PPT) foi realizada por refratometria, para o fibrinogênio usou-se a técnica de precipitação por calor. Os valores bioquímicos obtidos foram: Albumina 4,0 5,2 g/dL, alanina aminotransferase (ALT) 42,0 68,0 UI/L, creatinina 1,1 1,3 mg/dL, gama-glutamil transferase (GGT) 21,0 27,0 UI/L e ureia 38,0 46,0 mg/dL. Os parâmetros hematológicos foram: Eritrócitos (x106μL) 5,4 6,8; hematócrito (%) 41 49; Volume Corpuscular Médio (VCM) (fL) 71 77; Amplitude de Distribuição dos Eritrócitos (RDW) (%) 13,2 17,8; plaquetas (μL) 328.000 544.000; PPT (g/dL) 6,5 7,7; fibrinogênio (mg/dL) 12 300; leucócitos totais (μL) 5.800 10.800; heterófilos (μL) 1.400 4.400; eosinófilos (μL) 0 360; linfócitos (μL) 2.800 6.600; monócitos (μL) 40 800; basófilos (μL) 0 36.(AU)

Domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) are bred for the production of meat, wool, fur, laboratory research and as companion animals. The objective of the present work is to determine the hematological and biochemical parameters of domestic rabbits of different breeds, at the Veterinary Hospital of Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA/CANOAS–RS). For biochemical determination, Labtest® reagent kits were used, analyzed in a BA–88 Mindray® spectrophotometer, the blood count was performed in a hematological counter (Sysmex® PocH–100iV Diff) with leukocyte differentiation by optical microscopy. Total plasma protein (TPP) was performed by refractometry, for fibrinogen the heat precipitation technique was used. The biochemical values ​​obtained were: Albumin 4.0 5.2 g/dL, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 42.0 68.0 IU/L, creatinine 1.1 1.3 mg/dL, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) 21.0 27.0 IU/L and urea ​​38.0 46.0 mg/dL. The hematological parameters were: RBC (x106μL) 5.4 6.8; packed cell volume (%) 41 49; mean cell volume (MCV) (fL) 71 77; red blood cell distribution width (RDW) (%) 13.2 17.8; platelets (μL) 328.000 544.000; TPP (g/dL) 6.4 7.7; fibrinogen (mg / dL) 12 300; leukocytes (μL) 5.800 10.800; heterophiles (μL) 1.400 4.400; eosinophils (μL) 0 360; lymphocytes (μL) 2.800 6.600; monocytes (μL) 40 800; basophils (μL) 0 36.(AU)

Los conejos domésticos (Oryctolagus cuniculus) se crían para carne, lana, producción de pieles, investigación de laboratorio y como animales de compañía. El objetivo del presente trabajo es determinar los parámetros hematológicos y bioquímicos de conejos domésticos de diferentes razas, en el Hospital Veterinario de la Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA/CANOAS RS). Para la determinación bioquímica se utilizaron kits de reactivos Labtest®, analizados en un espectrofotómetro BA-88 Mindray®, el hemograma se realizó en un contador hematológico (Sysmex® PocH-100iV Diff) con diferenciación leucocitaria por microscopía óptica. La proteína plasmática total (PPT) se realizó mediante refractometría, para el fibrinógeno se utilizó la técnica de precipitación por calor. Los valores bioquímicos obtenidos fueron: Albúmina 4,0 - 5,2 g/dL, alanina aminotransferasa (ALT) 42,0 68,0 UI/L, creatinina 1,1 1,3 mg/dL, gamma-glutamil transferasa (GGT) 21,0 27,0 UI/L y urea 38,0 46,0 mg/dL. Los parámetros hematológicos fueron: Eritrocitos (x106μL) 5,4 6,8; hematocrito (%) 41 49; Volumen corpuscular medio (MCV) (fL) 71 77; Rango de distribución de eritrocitos (RDW) (%) 13,2 17,8; plaquetas (μL) 328.000 544.000; PPT (g/dL) 6,5 7,7; fibrinógeno (mg/dL) 12 300; leucocitos totales (μL) 5,800 10,800; heterófilos (μL) 1.400 4.400; eosinófilos (μL) 0 360; linfocitos (μL) 2.800 6.600; monocitos (μL) 40 800; basófilos (μL) 0 36.(AU)

Cardiorespiratory and haematologicalparameters of healthy french bulldogs / Parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios e hematológicos de cães sadios da raça buldogue francês

Brachycephalic dogs have a normal lower jaw and a receded upper jaw, and these dogs are predisposed to nostril stenosis, elongated palate, tracheal hypoplasia and hyperthermia due to heat stress. Giventhese characteristics, these dogs are more predisposed to respiratory and cardiovascular disorders. The popularity of brachycephalic dogsthathave a greatertendency for cardiorespiratory disorders, such as French bulldogs,has increased recently; however, studies on the cardiorespiratoryand haematological parameters in this breedare lacking. Thus, the present study sought to evaluatethe cardiorespiratory and haematological parameters of healthy French bulldogs to standardize normal values forthisbreed. Thirty-six French bulldogs wereused without predilection for age or sex, and the following parameters were evaluated: temperature (T), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), erythrogram, leukogram, total plasma protein, plasmatic fibrinogen, blood platelet count, urea, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase (AP) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). The mean and standard deviation wereas follows: T°C (38.3±0.4), HR (111.1±27.0) beats per minute, RR (54.8±32.5) breaths per minute, erythrocyte count (7.3±1.2x106), haemoglobin (16.9±2.8 g/dL), haematocrit (48.9±7.7%), MCV (67.6±2.4fL), MCH (23.3±0.7 pg), MCHC (34.6±0.8%), RDW-CV (9.3±0.9; 9.2-12.0%), total leukocytes (11009.7±2907.3/mm3), band neutrophils (250.0±260.4/mm3), segmented neutrophils (7094.4±2307.3/mm3), eosinophils (589.7±561.3/mm3), lymphocytes (2020.8±1457.5/mm3), monocytes (987.6±528.4/mm3), total plasma protein (6.9±0.5 g/dL), plasmatic fibrinogen (274.1±96.5 mg/dL), blood platelet count (366.4±88.5/mm3), urea (35.2±12.6 mg/dL), creatinine (0.8±0.2/mg/dL), AP (49.1±25.8U/L),ALT (36.2±12.3U/L). The haematological parameters and heart rate were within the normal values for the species, but the respiratory rate values (54.8±32.5 breaths per minute)were greater than the normal averageof10 to 30 breaths per minute. We conclude thatthehaematological parameters and heart rateof healthy French bulldogs arewithin the normal limit for dogs; however, the respiratory rate is above referencevalues, reinforcing the notion that dogs of this breed, although healthy,exhibitan increasedrisk of respiratory disorders.

Cães braquicefálicosapresentam maxilar inferior normal, maxilar superior recuado, além disso, são predispostos à estenose de narina, palato alongado, hipoplasia traqueal e hipertermia por estresse por calor. Devido à essas características são mais predispostos à distúrbios respiratórios e cardiovasculares. A popularidade de cães braquicefálicos aumentou muito recentemente, como por exemplo, o Buldogue Francês, que possui uma maior tendência para transtornos cardiorrespiratórios, porém, não há estudos dos parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios e hematológicos nessa raça. Desta maneira, o presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar os parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios e hematológicos de cães sadios da raça Buldogue Francês para padronização dos valores normais e servir de subsídios para a rotina clínica, cirúrgica, laboratorial e de futuros estudos nessa raça. Foram utilizados 36 cães da raça Buldogue Francês, sem predileção de idade, raça ou sexo e avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: temperatura (T), frequência cardíaca (FC), frequência respiratória (FR), eritrograma,leucograma, proteínas plasmáticas totais (PPT), fibrinogênio plasmático, contagem de plaquetas, ureia, creatinina, fosfatase alcalina (ALP) e alanino amino transferase (ALT). A média e desvio padrão foram: T°C (38,3±0,4), FC (111,1±27,0) batimentos/min, FR (54,8±32,5) movimentos/min, contagem de eritrócitos (7,3±1,2x106), Hb(16,9±2,8g/dL), VG(48,9±7,7%), VCM (67,6±2,4fL), HCM (23,3±0,7pg), CHCM (34,6±0,8%), RDW-CV (9,3±0,9; 9,2-12,0%), leucócitos totais (11009,7±2907,3/mm3), bastonetes (250,0±260,4/mm3), neutrófilos (7094,4±2307,3/mm3), eosinófilos (589,7±561,3/mm3), linfócitos (2020,8±1457,5/mm3), monócitos (987,6±528,4/mm3), PPT (6,9±0,5g/dL), fibrinogênio plasmático (274,1±96,5mg/dL), contagem de plaquetas (366,4±88,5/mm3), ureia (35,2±12,6mg/dL), creatinina (0,8±0,2/mg/dL), ALP (49,1±25,8U/L) e ALT (36,2±12,3U/L). Os parâmetros hematológicos e de frequência cardíaca ficaram dentro da normalidade, porém os valores da frequência respiratória (54,8±32,5) movimentos/min ficaram acima da média normal que é de 10 a 30 movimentos/min. Conclui-se que cães saudáveis da raça Buldogue Francês possuem parâmetros hematológicos e de frequência cardíaca dentro da normalidade para cães, porém, a frequência respiratória acima dos valores de referência, reforçando que cães dessa raça, mesmo saudáveis, possuem aumento do risco de transtornos respiratórios.

Cardiorespiratory and haematologicalparameters of healthy french bulldogs / Parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios e hematológicos de cães sadios da raça buldogue francês

Brachycephalic dogs have a normal lower jaw and a receded upper jaw, and these dogs are predisposed to nostril stenosis, elongated palate, tracheal hypoplasia and hyperthermia due to heat stress. Giventhese characteristics, these dogs are more predisposed to respiratory and cardiovascular disorders. The popularity of brachycephalic dogsthathave a greatertendency for cardiorespiratory disorders, such as French bulldogs,has increased recently; however, studies on the cardiorespiratoryand haematological parameters in this breedare lacking. Thus, the present study sought to evaluatethe cardiorespiratory and haematological parameters of healthy French bulldogs to standardize normal values forthisbreed. Thirty-six French bulldogs wereused without predilection for age or sex, and the following parameters were evaluated: temperature (T), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), erythrogram, leukogram, total plasma protein, plasmatic fibrinogen, blood platelet count, urea, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase (AP) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). The mean and standard deviation wereas follows: T°C (38.3±0.4), HR (111.1±27.0) beats per minute, RR (54.8±32.5) breaths per minute, erythrocyte count (7.3±1.2x106), haemoglobin (16.9±2.8 g/dL), haematocrit (48.9±7.7%), MCV (67.6±2.4fL), MCH (23.3±0.7 pg), MCHC (34.6±0.8%), RDW-CV (9.3±0.9; 9.2-12.0%), total leukocytes (11009.7±2907.3/mm3), band neutrophils (250.0±260.4/mm3), segmented neutrophils (7094.4±2307.3/mm3), eosinophils (589.7±561.3/mm3), lymphocytes (2020.8±1457.5/mm3), monocytes (987.6±528.4/mm3), total plasma protein (6.9±0.5 g/dL), plasmatic fibrinogen (274.1±96.5 mg/dL), blood platelet count (366.4±88.5/mm3), urea (35.2±12.6 mg/dL), creatinine (0.8±0.2/mg/dL), AP (49.1±25.8U/L),ALT (36.2±12.3U/L). The haematological parameters and heart rate were within the normal values for the species, but the respiratory rate values (54.8±32.5 breaths per minute)were greater than the normal averageof10 to 30 breaths per minute. We conclude thatthehaematological parameters and heart rateof healthy French bulldogs arewithin the normal limit for dogs; however, the respiratory rate is above referencevalues, reinforcing the notion that dogs of this breed, although healthy,exhibitan increasedrisk of respiratory disorders.(AU)

Cães braquicefálicosapresentam maxilar inferior normal, maxilar superior recuado, além disso, são predispostos à estenose de narina, palato alongado, hipoplasia traqueal e hipertermia por estresse por calor. Devido à essas características são mais predispostos à distúrbios respiratórios e cardiovasculares. A popularidade de cães braquicefálicos aumentou muito recentemente, como por exemplo, o Buldogue Francês, que possui uma maior tendência para transtornos cardiorrespiratórios, porém, não há estudos dos parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios e hematológicos nessa raça. Desta maneira, o presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar os parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios e hematológicos de cães sadios da raça Buldogue Francês para padronização dos valores normais e servir de subsídios para a rotina clínica, cirúrgica, laboratorial e de futuros estudos nessa raça. Foram utilizados 36 cães da raça Buldogue Francês, sem predileção de idade, raça ou sexo e avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: temperatura (T), frequência cardíaca (FC), frequência respiratória (FR), eritrograma,leucograma, proteínas plasmáticas totais (PPT), fibrinogênio plasmático, contagem de plaquetas, ureia, creatinina, fosfatase alcalina (ALP) e alanino amino transferase (ALT). A média e desvio padrão foram: T°C (38,3±0,4), FC (111,1±27,0) batimentos/min, FR (54,8±32,5) movimentos/min, contagem de eritrócitos (7,3±1,2x106), Hb(16,9±2,8g/dL), VG(48,9±7,7%), VCM (67,6±2,4fL), HCM (23,3±0,7pg), CHCM (34,6±0,8%), RDW-CV (9,3±0,9; 9,2-12,0%), leucócitos totais (11009,7±2907,3/mm3), bastonetes (250,0±260,4/mm3), neutrófilos (7094,4±2307,3/mm3), eosinófilos (589,7±561,3/mm3), linfócitos (2020,8±1457,5/mm3), monócitos (987,6±528,4/mm3), PPT (6,9±0,5g/dL), fibrinogênio plasmático (274,1±96,5mg/dL), contagem de plaquetas (366,4±88,5/mm3), ureia (35,2±12,6mg/dL), creatinina (0,8±0,2/mg/dL), ALP (49,1±25,8U/L) e ALT (36,2±12,3U/L). Os parâmetros hematológicos e de frequência cardíaca ficaram dentro da normalidade, porém os valores da frequência respiratória (54,8±32,5) movimentos/min ficaram acima da média normal que é de 10 a 30 movimentos/min. Conclui-se que cães saudáveis da raça Buldogue Francês possuem parâmetros hematológicos e de frequência cardíaca dentro da normalidade para cães, porém, a frequência respiratória acima dos valores de referência, reforçando que cães dessa raça, mesmo saudáveis, possuem aumento do risco de transtornos respiratórios.(AU)

Haematological changes in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus f. domesticus) in the course of pregnancy

The analysis of haematological parameters is an important element of the assessment of the physiological condition of animals. Haematological parameters may change both under the influence of various external factors, and in the course of normal pregnancy, which has been found in various species of mammals, including rabbits. Our study showed statistically significant (p<0.05) changes in basic haematological parameters: RBC (decrease; 5.87±0.48 at day 15 vs. 5.42±0.32 T/L at day 26), MCH (increase; 1.35±0.04 before matching vs. 1.41±0.03 fmol at day 26), RDW (decrease; 15.77±1.80 at day 15 vs. 14.27±1.57% at day 26) MPV (increase; 5.17±0.31 at day 15 vs. 5.92±0.70 fL at day 26), WBC (decrease; 8.60±2.57 at day 15 vs. 4.94±0.88 G/L at day 26) and PLT (decrease; 398.17±91.67 before matching vs. 271.67±61.72 G/L at day 26) in Termond White rabbits and RBC (decrease; 6.18±0.68 before matching vs. 5.68±0.54 T/L at day 26), Hb (decrease; 8.00±0.90 before matching vs. 7.32±0.71 mmol/L at day 26), MCH (decrease; 1.32±0.05 at day 15 vs. 1.29±0.04 fmol at day 26) and WBC (decrease; 9.62±1.81 before matching vs. 5.85±2.23 G/L at day 26 as well as 9.58±2.35 at day 15 vs. 5.85±2.23 G/L at day 26) in Popielno White rabbits. Moreover, in the Popielno White rabbits we recorded a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the percentage of irregular erythrocytes at the end of pregnancy (11.00±10.02 at day 15 vs. 3.00±4.94 at day 26). The changes appear to be physiological but should be considered in studies using rabbits as model organisms.(AU)

Diurnal variations in canine hematological parameters after commercial feed feeding / Variações diurnas nos parâmetros hematológicos caninos após alimentação com ração comercial

Complete blood count (CBC) is the evaluation of blood cells, which provides resourceful information.Considering that inadequate fasting time is the most common pre-analytical error in laboratory diagnosisand is associated with lipemia in blood samples, which has not yet been adequately investigated in dogs,this study aimed to assess diurnal postprandial changes in the CBC of healthy dogs fed with industrializedfeed. Eighteen clinically healthy dogs aged 2-6 years and weighing over 6 kg were enrolled in the study.All dogs received “Premium” industrialized feed every 12 hours. Blood was collected after a 12-hourfasting period at 6:00 am (baseline), followed by feeding and new blood samples collected hourly forthe next 11 consecutive hours. Red blood cell (RBC) counts, red cell distribution width (RDW), whiteblood cell (WBC) counts, platelets, mean platelet volume (MPV) and hemoglobin were obtained usingan automated veterinary cell counter. Hematocrit (HTC) was determined by Strumia’s microcapillarymethod, differential leukocyte count was performed on hematological dye-stained blood smears and total plasma protein (TPP) was determined using refractometry. Variables were tested for normality anddifferences were considered significant when p < 0.05. A statistically significant decrease was observedin the erythrogram from 2 h for RBC and hemoglobin, from 3 h for HTC and from 4 h for MCV, persistinguntil the end of 11 hours. There was no change in MCHC and RDW. Regarding the leukogram, asignificant increase in WBC was observed from 2 to 7 h, due to the increase in segmented neutrophils 2to 8 h following feeding. Lymphocyte counts decreased significantly at 2 and 6 h following feeding. Noalteration was observed in eosinophil, basophil, monocyte and platelet counts, as well as in MPV. From5 h to 11 h after feeding, a significant decrease was seen on TPP. However, changes in hematological [...].

O hemograma é a avaliação das células do sangue e fornece grande diversidade de informações.Considerando que o tempo inadequado de jejum é o erro pré-analítico mais comum no diagnósticolaboratorial por causar lipemia nas amostras sanguíneas e tal interferência ainda não foi adequadamenteinvestigada no hemograma de cães, esse trabalho teve como objetivo analisar as alterações pós-prandiaisdiurnas no hemograma de cães saudáveis alimentados com ração comercial. Foram selecionados 18cães clinicamente saudáveis, entre 2 e 6 anos, pesando mais de 6 kg e que recebiam como alimentaçãoração comercial tipo “Premium” a cada 12 horas. O sangue dos animais foi colhido após jejum de12 horas às 6:00 da manhã (amostra basal), foi fornecida ração comercial e novas amostras foramcolhidas nas 11 horas consecutivas. As contagens de hemácias, amplitude de distribuição eritrocitária(RDW), leucócitos totais, plaquetas, volume plaquetário médio (VPM) e hemoglobina foram realizadasem contador automatizado de células veterinário. O volume globular (VG) foi determinado pelo métododo microcapilar de Strumia, a contagem diferencial de leucócitos foi realizada em esfregaço sanguíneocorado com corante hematológico e a proteína plasmática total (PPT) foi determinada por refratometria.As variáveis foram testadas quanto à normalidade e as diferenças foram consideradas significativasquando p < 0,05. Em relação ao eritrograma, houve redução estatisticamente significativa a partir de 2 hpara hemácias e hemoglobina, a partir de 3 h para o VG e a partir de 4 h para o VCM, persistindo até ofinal das 11 horas. Não houve alteração do CHCM e do RDW. Em relação ao leucograma, foi observadoaumento significativo de leucócitos totais de 2 a 7 h, decorrente do aumento de neutrófilos segmentados,o que foi constatado 2 a 8 h após a [...].

Diurnal variations in canine hematological parameters after commercial feed feeding / Variações diurnas nos parâmetros hematológicos caninos após alimentação com ração comercial

Complete blood count (CBC) is the evaluation of blood cells, which provides resourceful information.Considering that inadequate fasting time is the most common pre-analytical error in laboratory diagnosisand is associated with lipemia in blood samples, which has not yet been adequately investigated in dogs,this study aimed to assess diurnal postprandial changes in the CBC of healthy dogs fed with industrializedfeed. Eighteen clinically healthy dogs aged 2-6 years and weighing over 6 kg were enrolled in the study.All dogs received “Premium” industrialized feed every 12 hours. Blood was collected after a 12-hourfasting period at 6:00 am (baseline), followed by feeding and new blood samples collected hourly forthe next 11 consecutive hours. Red blood cell (RBC) counts, red cell distribution width (RDW), whiteblood cell (WBC) counts, platelets, mean platelet volume (MPV) and hemoglobin were obtained usingan automated veterinary cell counter. Hematocrit (HTC) was determined by Strumias microcapillarymethod, differential leukocyte count was performed on hematological dye-stained blood smears and total plasma protein (TPP) was determined using refractometry. Variables were tested for normality anddifferences were considered significant when p < 0.05. A statistically significant decrease was observedin the erythrogram from 2 h for RBC and hemoglobin, from 3 h for HTC and from 4 h for MCV, persistinguntil the end of 11 hours. There was no change in MCHC and RDW. Regarding the leukogram, asignificant increase in WBC was observed from 2 to 7 h, due to the increase in segmented neutrophils 2to 8 h following feeding. Lymphocyte counts decreased significantly at 2 and 6 h following feeding. Noalteration was observed in eosinophil, basophil, monocyte and platelet counts, as well as in MPV. From5 h to 11 h after feeding, a significant decrease was seen on TPP. However, changes in hematological [...].(AU)

O hemograma é a avaliação das células do sangue e fornece grande diversidade de informações.Considerando que o tempo inadequado de jejum é o erro pré-analítico mais comum no diagnósticolaboratorial por causar lipemia nas amostras sanguíneas e tal interferência ainda não foi adequadamenteinvestigada no hemograma de cães, esse trabalho teve como objetivo analisar as alterações pós-prandiaisdiurnas no hemograma de cães saudáveis alimentados com ração comercial. Foram selecionados 18cães clinicamente saudáveis, entre 2 e 6 anos, pesando mais de 6 kg e que recebiam como alimentaçãoração comercial tipo “Premium” a cada 12 horas. O sangue dos animais foi colhido após jejum de12 horas às 6:00 da manhã (amostra basal), foi fornecida ração comercial e novas amostras foramcolhidas nas 11 horas consecutivas. As contagens de hemácias, amplitude de distribuição eritrocitária(RDW), leucócitos totais, plaquetas, volume plaquetário médio (VPM) e hemoglobina foram realizadasem contador automatizado de células veterinário. O volume globular (VG) foi determinado pelo métododo microcapilar de Strumia, a contagem diferencial de leucócitos foi realizada em esfregaço sanguíneocorado com corante hematológico e a proteína plasmática total (PPT) foi determinada por refratometria.As variáveis foram testadas quanto à normalidade e as diferenças foram consideradas significativasquando p < 0,05. Em relação ao eritrograma, houve redução estatisticamente significativa a partir de 2 hpara hemácias e hemoglobina, a partir de 3 h para o VG e a partir de 4 h para o VCM, persistindo até ofinal das 11 horas. Não houve alteração do CHCM e do RDW. Em relação ao leucograma, foi observadoaumento significativo de leucócitos totais de 2 a 7 h, decorrente do aumento de neutrófilos segmentados,o que foi constatado 2 a 8 h após a [...].(AU)

Effects of Varying Essential Oil Mixture Concentrations Applied Underconditions of Different Temperature Stress on Cardiac Markers and Other Blood Parameters

Cardiac troponin (cTnI) and erythrocyte distribution width (RDW) have been used as specific markers for the evaluation of cardiac arrhythmias and myocardial diseases. In this experimental study, we aimed to determine the dose-dependent administration of an Essential OilMixture (EOM) (Eucalyptus globulusLabill, Thymus vulgaris, Cymbopogon nardus, and Syzygiumaromaticum) on the serum erythrocyte indices and myocardial damage. We used 400 male, one-day-old, Ross-308 chicks. Each group ((n=8) (22°C Control (C), C+250 mL/1,000 L, C+500 mL/1,000 L, C+750 mL/1,000 L), 36°C (stress control (SC), SC+250 mL/1,000 L, SC+500 mL/1,000 L, SC+750 mL/1,000 L) was further divided into eight groups with 50 animals. Each group of 50 chicks was further subdivided into five groups with 10 animals in each compartment. The results showed that the WBC, RBC, HGB, HCT, RDW-SD, RDW-CV, and Lymphocyte decreased in groups without exposure to temperature stress (22ºC) compared to the 22ºC control group; whereas, CnTnI, MCHC, NEUT, and IG (p 0.05) increased compared to the control group. In groups exposed to temperature stress (36ºC), the WBC, HGB, HCT, RDW-SD, and Lymphocyte decreased compared to the control group, but MCH, MCHC, NEUT, and IG increased compared to the control. However, cTnI, CK, creatinine, RBC, and RDW had no effect on CD, MONO, EO, and BASO (p 0.05). EOM mixture had no effect on hematological and biochemical parameters.(AU)

Effects of Varying Essential Oil Mixture Concentrations Applied Underconditions of Different Temperature Stress on Cardiac Markers and Other Blood Parameters

Cardiac troponin (cTnI) and erythrocyte distribution width (RDW) have been used as specific markers for the evaluation of cardiac arrhythmias and myocardial diseases. In this experimental study, we aimed to determine the dose-dependent administration of an Essential OilMixture (EOM) (Eucalyptus globulusLabill, Thymus vulgaris, Cymbopogon nardus, and Syzygiumaromaticum) on the serum erythrocyte indices and myocardial damage. We used 400 male, one-day-old, Ross-308 chicks. Each group ((n=8) (22°C Control (C), C+250 mL/1,000 L, C+500 mL/1,000 L, C+750 mL/1,000 L), 36°C (stress control (SC), SC+250 mL/1,000 L, SC+500 mL/1,000 L, SC+750 mL/1,000 L) was further divided into eight groups with 50 animals. Each group of 50 chicks was further subdivided into five groups with 10 animals in each compartment. The results showed that the WBC, RBC, HGB, HCT, RDW-SD, RDW-CV, and Lymphocyte decreased in groups without exposure to temperature stress (22ºC) compared to the 22ºC control group; whereas, CnTnI, MCHC, NEUT, and IG (p 0.05) increased compared to the control group. In groups exposed to temperature stress (36ºC), the WBC, HGB, HCT, RDW-SD, and Lymphocyte decreased compared to the control group, but MCH, MCHC, NEUT, and IG increased compared to the control. However, cTnI, CK, creatinine, RBC, and RDW had no effect on CD, MONO, EO, and BASO (p 0.05). EOM mixture had no effect on hematological and biochemical parameters.

Efeito das estações do ano e da idade sobre as variáveis termofisiológicas e hematológicas de bezerros leiteiros mestiços em ambiente tropical / Effect of season and age on thermophysiological and hematological variables of crossbred dairy calves in tropical environment

Background: The wellbeing and performance of calves may be impaired if raised in high temperature environments. Physiological and hematological variables serve as a tool to assess the welfare of cattle; therefore, the influence of seasons and age on physiological and hematological variables was evaluated of crossbred dairy calves in a tropical environment.Materials, Methods & Results: Forty-two male and female calves were evaluated from July 2016 to July 2017, when the calves were of 2, 15, 30, and 60 days of age. Respiratory (RR) and heart rates (HR) and rectal (RT) and body surface (BST) temperatures were quantified in the morning. Additionally, in the morning, dry bulb (Tdb) and wet bulb (Twb) temperatures were measured, and then, relative humidity (RH) and a temperature-humidity index (THI) were calculated. Blood was collected to perform hemogram. The day before the calves were evaluated, thermal environment data were collected to verify whether there were cyclic periods of heat stress. The mean air temperature ranged from 19°C to 22.1°C, and the highest THI value of 68 occurred in the summer mornings. In the afternoon, the maximum air temperature ranged from 27.5°C to 29.7°C. In autumn, respiratory and heart rates and body surface temperature were higher in 2-day-old calves than in other ages. The body surface temperature of 60-day-old calves was higher in spring and summer than in autumn. Rectal temperature remained in the normal range throughout the study period. Season did not influence the erythrogram and plaquetogram. The values for red blood cells, MCV, MCHC, RDW, platelets, and MPV varied among the calf ages. Season did not influence the values of leukocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, or N/L ratio; however, band neutrophils and eosinophils varied among seasons. Band neutrophils and monocytes were not altered by age, whereas leukocyte, segmented neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and N/L ratio values varied with age among the calves.[...]

Efeito das estações do ano e da idade sobre as variáveis termofisiológicas e hematológicas de bezerros leiteiros mestiços em ambiente tropical / Effect of season and age on thermophysiological and hematological variables of crossbred dairy calves in tropical environment

Background: The wellbeing and performance of calves may be impaired if raised in high temperature environments. Physiological and hematological variables serve as a tool to assess the welfare of cattle; therefore, the influence of seasons and age on physiological and hematological variables was evaluated of crossbred dairy calves in a tropical environment.Materials, Methods & Results: Forty-two male and female calves were evaluated from July 2016 to July 2017, when the calves were of 2, 15, 30, and 60 days of age. Respiratory (RR) and heart rates (HR) and rectal (RT) and body surface (BST) temperatures were quantified in the morning. Additionally, in the morning, dry bulb (Tdb) and wet bulb (Twb) temperatures were measured, and then, relative humidity (RH) and a temperature-humidity index (THI) were calculated. Blood was collected to perform hemogram. The day before the calves were evaluated, thermal environment data were collected to verify whether there were cyclic periods of heat stress. The mean air temperature ranged from 19°C to 22.1°C, and the highest THI value of 68 occurred in the summer mornings. In the afternoon, the maximum air temperature ranged from 27.5°C to 29.7°C. In autumn, respiratory and heart rates and body surface temperature were higher in 2-day-old calves than in other ages. The body surface temperature of 60-day-old calves was higher in spring and summer than in autumn. Rectal temperature remained in the normal range throughout the study period. Season did not influence the erythrogram and plaquetogram. The values for red blood cells, MCV, MCHC, RDW, platelets, and MPV varied among the calf ages. Season did not influence the values of leukocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, or N/L ratio; however, band neutrophils and eosinophils varied among seasons. Band neutrophils and monocytes were not altered by age, whereas leukocyte, segmented neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and N/L ratio values varied with age among the calves.[...](AU)

QTLs for seedling traits under salinity stress in hexaploid wheat / Caracterização de QTLs por traços de sementes sob o estresse de salinidade em trigo Hexaploid

Soil salinity limits agricultural production and is a major obstacle for increasing crop yield. Common wheat is one of the most important crops with allohexaploid characteristic and a highly complex genome. QTL mapping is a useful way to identify genes for quantitative traits such as salinity tolerance in hexaploid wheat. In the present study, a hydroponic trial was carried out to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with salinity tolerance of wheat under 150mM NaCl concentration using a recombinant inbred line population (Xiaoyan 54×Jing 411). Values of wheat seedling traits including maximum root length (MRL), root dry weight (RDW), shoot dry weight (SDW), total dry weight (TDW) and the ratio of TDW of wheat plants between salt stress and control (TDWR) were evaluated or calculated. A total of 19QTLs for five traits were detected through composite interval mapping method by using QTL Cartographer version 2.5 under normal and salt stress conditions. These QTLs distributed on 12 chromosomes explained the percentage of phenotypic variation by individual QTL varying from 7.9% to 19.0%. Among them, 11 and six QTLs were detected under normal and salt stress conditions, respectively and two QTLs were detected for TDWR. Some salt tolerance related loci may be pleiotropic. Chromosome 1A, 3A and 7A may harbor crucial candidate genes associated with wheat salt tolerance. Our results would be helpful for the marker assisted selection to breed wheat varieties with improved salt tolerance.(AU)

A salinidade do solo limita a produção agrícola. O trigo mole é uma das culturas mais importantes com característica allohexaploid e genoma altamente complexo. O mapeamento QTL é uma maneira muito útil de identificar genes para traços quantitativos, como a tolerância à salinidade em trigo hexaplóide. No presente estudo realizou-se um ensaio hidropónico para identificar locos de traços quantitativos (QTLs) associados à tolerância à salinidade do trigo sob concentração de NaCl 150 mM, usando uma população de linhagem consanguíneo recombinante (Xiaoyan 54 × Jing 411). Os valores dos traços de mudas de trigo, incluindo comprimento máximo da raiz (MRL), peso seco da raiz (RDW), ponha o peso seco (SDW), peso seco total (TDW) e a proporção das plantas de trigo TDW entre o estresse salgado e o controle (TDWR), foram avaliados ou calculados. Um total de 19QTLs para cinco traços foram detectados através do método de mapeamento de intervalo composto usando a versão 2.5 do cartógrafo QTL sob condições normais e de estresse salino. Estes QTLs distribuídos em 12 cromossomos explicaram a porcentagem de variação fenotípica por QTL individual variando de 7,9% a 19,0%. Entre eles, foram detectados 11 e 6 QTLs em condições de estresse normal e sal, respectivamente, e dois QTLs foram detectados para TDWR. Cromossoma 1A, 3A e 7A podem conter genes que são candidatos cruciais associados à tolerância ao sal de trigo. Nossos resultados seriam úteis para a seleção assistida por marcadores para produzir variedades de trigo com tolerância salina melhorada.(AU)

QTLs for seedling traits under salinity stress in hexaploid wheat / Caracterização de QTLs por traços de sementes sob o estresse de salinidade em trigo Hexaploid

Soil salinity limits agricultural production and is a major obstacle for increasing crop yield. Common wheat is one of the most important crops with allohexaploid characteristic and a highly complex genome. QTL mapping is a useful way to identify genes for quantitative traits such as salinity tolerance in hexaploid wheat. In the present study, a hydroponic trial was carried out to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with salinity tolerance of wheat under 150mM NaCl concentration using a recombinant inbred line population (Xiaoyan 54×Jing 411). Values of wheat seedling traits including maximum root length (MRL), root dry weight (RDW), shoot dry weight (SDW), total dry weight (TDW) and the ratio of TDW of wheat plants between salt stress and control (TDWR) were evaluated or calculated. A total of 19QTLs for five traits were detected through composite interval mapping method by using QTL Cartographer version 2.5 under normal and salt stress conditions. These QTLs distributed on 12 chromosomes explained the percentage of phenotypic variation by individual QTL varying from 7.9% to 19.0%. Among them, 11 and six QTLs were detected under normal and salt stress conditions, respectively and two QTLs were detected for TDWR. Some salt tolerance related loci may be pleiotropic. Chromosome 1A, 3A and 7A may harbor crucial candidate genes associated with wheat salt tolerance. Our results would be helpful for the marker assisted selection to breed wheat varieties with improved salt tolerance.

A salinidade do solo limita a produção agrícola. O trigo mole é uma das culturas mais importantes com característica allohexaploid e genoma altamente complexo. O mapeamento QTL é uma maneira muito útil de identificar genes para traços quantitativos, como a tolerância à salinidade em trigo hexaplóide. No presente estudo realizou-se um ensaio hidropónico para identificar locos de traços quantitativos (QTLs) associados à tolerância à salinidade do trigo sob concentração de NaCl 150 mM, usando uma população de linhagem consanguíneo recombinante (Xiaoyan 54 × Jing 411). Os valores dos traços de mudas de trigo, incluindo comprimento máximo da raiz (MRL), peso seco da raiz (RDW), ponha o peso seco (SDW), peso seco total (TDW) e a proporção das plantas de trigo TDW entre o estresse salgado e o controle (TDWR), foram avaliados ou calculados. Um total de 19QTLs para cinco traços foram detectados através do método de mapeamento de intervalo composto usando a versão 2.5 do cartógrafo QTL sob condições normais e de estresse salino. Estes QTLs distribuídos em 12 cromossomos explicaram a porcentagem de variação fenotípica por QTL individual variando de 7,9% a 19,0%. Entre eles, foram detectados 11 e 6 QTLs em condições de estresse normal e sal, respectivamente, e dois QTLs foram detectados para TDWR. Cromossoma 1A, 3A e 7A podem conter genes que são candidatos cruciais associados à tolerância ao sal de trigo. Nossos resultados seriam úteis para a seleção assistida por marcadores para produzir variedades de trigo com tolerância salina melhorada.

A New Approach to Blood Parameters in Dogs with Hemorrhagic Enteritis

Background: Some blood parameters have diagnostic and prognostic importance for the infections in human medicine. However, there is insufficient research regarding the importance of blood parameters and their correlations in veterinary medicine. Increased blood cell distribution width (RDW) and platelet activity can link with the important inflammatory markers. The main objective of the present study was the evaluation of the relationship among some important blood parameters namely RDW, platelet count (PLT), platelet distribution width (PDW), mean platelet volume (MPV), plateletcrit (PCT), their potential usage in the diagnosis and determination of the clinical severity in dogs with hemorrhagic enteritis.Materials, Methods & Results: In this study, the case records of 29 dogs with hemorrhagic enteritis were evaluated and the records of 10 healthy dogs were used as controls. The animals of the study group were presented at the Ondokuz Mayis University, Veterinary Internal Medicine Clinic. The complete blood count (CBC), which includes the total WBC, RBC, hematocrit (HCT), hemoglobin concentration (Hgb), MCV, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), RDW, PLT, MPV, PCT, and PDW, was determined. Significant positive correlations between RDW and RBC, HCT, MCHC, PLT and PDW, and a negative correlation with MCV, were determined. PDW was

Comparação entre os valores da amplitude de distribuição de diâmetro dos eritrócitos e do volume corpuscular médio com a citometria de eritrócitos em cães com leishmaniose

ABSTRACT: Leishmaniasis is an endemic zoonosis that affects different animals species, among them the dogs. As an aid in the diagnosis and prognosis of the patient is routinely asked the CBC, which is characterized by anemia normocytic and normochromic type. The mean corpuscular volumes (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) are the standards used for the classification of anemia, however, in recent years begun to use the amplitude diameter distribution of red blood cells (RDW) to distinguish anemias in regenerative and arregenerativas. This study aims to compare the RDW and MCV values with the erythrocyte cytometry in dogs with leishmaniasis. blood of 19 dogs of different breeds and ages were collected. The blood samples were processed in automatic equipment to obtain the MCV and RDW and later made blood smears for counting and measuring erythrocyte hundred cells from each slide. To evaluate the dispersion between the RBC values used the linear coefficient of Pearson. The RDW were more sensitive to anemia than VCM as compared with erythrocyte cytometry.

RESUMO: A leishmaniose é uma zoonose de caráter endêmico que acomete diferentes espécies animal, dentre elas os cães. Como auxílio no diagnóstico e prognóstico do paciente é rotineiramente solicitado o hemograma, que é caracterizado por uma anemia do tipo normocítica e normocrômica. Os valores de volume corpuscular médio (VCM) e concentração de hemoglobina corpuscular médio (CHCM) são os padrões utilizados para a classificação da anemia, no entanto, nos últimos anos começou-se a utilizar a amplitude de distribuição de diâmetro dos eritrócitos (RDW) para diferenciar as anemias em regenerativas e arregenerativas. Este trabalho tem como objetivo comparar os valores de RDW e do VCM com a citometria eritrocitária em cães com leishmaniose. Foram colhidos sangue de 19 cães de diferentes raças e idades. As amostras sanguíneas foram processadas em equipamento automático para obtenção dos valores de VCM e RDW e posteriormente confeccionados esfregaços sanguíneos para contagem e medição de cem células eritrocitárias de cada lâmina. Para avaliar a dispersão entre os valores de hemácias utilizou-se o coeficiente linear de Pearson. Os valores de RDW mostraram-se mais sensíveis a anemia do que o VCM, quando comparados a citometria eritrocitária.