Comparative Nutritional Analysis of Domestic and Imported Commercial Canary Egg Food and Mixed Seeds Based Diets

In this study, the aim was to determine the nutritional content of specially formulated commercial soft/egg foods for canaries, preferred by professional breeders in Türkiye, and the nutritional and raw material content of seed mixtures, thereby providing insights into the general diet compositions and essential feeding regimens for canaries. The study examined 17 different seed types, eight mixed seed feeds, and 11 egg food formulations. Two main groups, "domestic" and "imported," were formed from these mixed seed feed and egg food products. The nutritional content ratios of each feed material were determined through chemical analyses, and the predicted metabolizable energy values were calculated and compared between group averages. According to the results, there were no significant differences (p>0.05) between the data of domestic and imported mixed seed feed groups in terms of parameters other than crude fiber (CF). However, the CF value was found to be statistically significantly lower in the imported group (p<0.05), and a decreasing trend in the crude ash (CA) value was also observed in the same group. It was determined that almost all parameters resulted in similar values between the domestic and imported egg food groups. However, when each feed product was evaluated separately, significant data differences and wide variation ranges were found within the groups, especially in terms of crude fat and starch parameters. As a result, it is understood that domestically produced commercial egg food formulations with basic nutritional content comparable to European imported products are available for use by canary breeders in Türkiye. However, it is apparent that imported products, particularly in mixed seed formulations, had raw materials with lower CF and CA contents.(AU)

Replacement level of rubber seed cake for soybean meal on the growth of Japanese quail

Abstract A four-week feeding trial on the simultaneous replacement of 0 to 50% of soybean meal and 0 to 100% of soybean oil on the growth performance, carcass composition and profitability was conducted using 45 randomly chosen one-week-old growing Japanese quail. The five experimental diets were; D0= Diet containing 20% soybean meal and 4% soybean oil (control diet), D1= Diet, where 12.5% of soybean meal and 25% of soybean oil has been replaced by RSC; T2 = Diet, where 25% of soybean meal and 50% of soybean oil has been replaced by RSC; T3 = Diet, where 37.5% of soybean meal and 75% of soybean oil has been replaced by RSC; T4 = Diet, where 50% of soybean meal and 100% of soybean oil has been replaced by RSC. Results demonstrated that in raw rubber seed the proportion of kernel to hull is 64: 36. Proximate components of the boiled and sundried full fat rubber seed kernel (RS) were, moisture = 96.6%, ME = 5305 kcal / kg DM, CP = 17.6%, EE = 51.05%, CF = 8.5%, NFE = 18.25% and Ash = 4.6%. The body weights of the birds at 35 days of age in all dietary treatments were statistically similar. The feed intake of the quail among different dietary groups was varied significantly (p 0.05) and there was a tendency of decreasing the feed intake at 25% and above inclusion level of RSC. The body weight gain and FCR were also statistically similar in all dietary groups. The feed cost and total production cost /kg BW of quail was also found to become steadily higher (p> 0.05) at higher RSC inclusion level. The muscle development was found to better at lower (%) RSC level, whereas the organs were enlarged at higher RSC inclusion. Results on the majority of the production parameters, and economics and carcass yield parameters suggested that the simultaneous replacement of maximum 50% soybean oil 25% soybean meal by processed RSC might be suggested, particularly, there will be a crisis in the availability of these two ingredients.

Resumo Um ensaio de alimentação de quatro semanas na substituição simultânea de 0 a 50% de farelo de soja e 0 a 100% de óleo de soja no desempenho de crescimento, composição de carcaça e lucratividade foi conduzido usando 45 codornas japonesas em crescimento com uma semana de idade escolhidas aleatoriamente. As cinco dietas experimentais foram: D0 = Dieta contendo 20% de farelo de soja e 4% de óleo de soja (dieta controle); D1 = Dieta, onde 12,5% de farelo de soja e 25% de óleo de soja foram substituídos por RSC; T2 = Dieta, onde 25% do farelo de soja e 50% do óleo de soja foram substituídos por RSC; T3 = Dieta, onde 37,5% do farelo de soja e 75% do óleo de soja foram substituídos por RSC; e T4 = Dieta, onde 50% do farelo de soja e 100% do óleo de soja foram substituídos por RSC. Os resultados demonstraram que em sementes de borracha crua a proporção de kernel para casca é 64: 36. Os componentes próximos do caroço de semente de borracha gordurosa fervida e seca ao sol foram: umidade = 96,6%; EM = 5305 kcal / kg MS; CP = 17,6%; EE = 51,05%; CF = 8,5%; NFE = 18,25%; e Ash = 4,6%. Os pesos corporais das aves aos 35 dias de idade em todos os tratamentos dietéticos foram estatisticamente semelhantes. O consumo de ração das codornas entre os diferentes grupos dietéticos variou significativamente (p 0,05) e houve uma tendência de diminuição do consumo de ração em 25% e acima do nível de inclusão do RSC. O ganho de peso corporal e a FCR também foram estatisticamente semelhantes em todos os grupos dietéticos. O custo da ração e o custo total de produção / kg de PC de codornas também se tornaram cada vez mais altos (p > 0,05) no nível de inclusão de RSC mais alto. Constatou-se que o desenvolvimento muscular melhorou com o nível de RSC mais baixo (%), enquanto os órgãos aumentaram com a inclusão de RSC mais alta. Os resultados sobre a maioria dos parâmetros de produção e parâmetros econômicos e de rendimento de carcaça sugeriram que a substituição simultânea de no máximo 50% de óleo de soja e 25% de farelo de soja por RSC processado pode ser sugerida, particularmente, haverá uma crise na disponibilidade desses dois ingredientes.

Replacement level of rubber seed cake for soybean meal on the growth of Japanese quail / Nível de substituição do bolo de semente de borracha pelo farelo de soja no crescimento da codorna japonesa

A four-week feeding trial on the simultaneous replacement of 0 to 50% of soybean meal and 0 to 100% of soybean oil on the growth performance, carcass composition and profitability was conducted using 45 randomly chosen one-week-old growing Japanese quail. The five experimental diets were; D0= Diet containing 20% soybean meal and 4% soybean oil (control diet), D1= Diet, where 12.5% of soybean meal and 25% of soybean oil has been replaced by RSC; T2 = Diet, where 25% of soybean meal and 50% of soybean oil has been replaced by RSC; T3 = Diet, where 37.5% of soybean meal and 75% of soybean oil has been replaced by RSC; T4 = Diet, where 50% of soybean meal and 100% of soybean oil has been replaced by RSC. Results demonstrated that in raw rubber seed the proportion of kernel to hull is 64: 36. Proximate components of the boiled and sundried full fat rubber seed kernel (RS) were, moisture = 96.6%, ME = 5305 kcal / kg DM, CP = 17.6%, EE = 51.05%, CF = 8.5%, NFE = 18.25% and Ash = 4.6%. The body weights of the birds at 35 days of age in all dietary treatments were statistically similar. The feed intake of the quail among different dietary groups was varied significantly (p 0.05) at higher RSC inclusion level. The muscle development was found to better at lower (%) RSC level, whereas the organs were enlarged at higher RSC inclusion. Results on the majority of the production parameters, and economics and carcass yield parameters suggested that the simultaneous replacement of maximum 50% soybean oil 25% soybean meal by processed RSC might be suggested, particularly, there will be a crisis in the availability of these two ingredients.

Um ensaio de alimentação de quatro semanas na substituição simultânea de 0 a 50% de farelo de soja e 0 a 100% de óleo de soja no desempenho de crescimento, composição de carcaça e lucratividade foi conduzido usando 45 codornas japonesas em crescimento com uma semana de idade escolhidas aleatoriamente. As cinco dietas experimentais foram: D0 = Dieta contendo 20% de farelo de soja e 4% de óleo de soja (dieta controle); D1 = Dieta, onde 12,5% de farelo de soja e 25% de óleo de soja foram substituídos por RSC; T2 = Dieta, onde 25% do farelo de soja e 50% do óleo de soja foram substituídos por RSC; T3 = Dieta, onde 37,5% do farelo de soja e 75% do óleo de soja foram substituídos por RSC; e T4 = Dieta, onde 50% do farelo de soja e 100% do óleo de soja foram substituídos por RSC. Os resultados demonstraram que em sementes de borracha crua a proporção de kernel para casca é 64: 36. Os componentes próximos do caroço de semente de borracha gordurosa fervida e seca ao sol foram: umidade = 96,6%; EM = 5305 kcal / kg MS; CP = 17,6%; EE = 51,05%; CF = 8,5%; NFE = 18,25%; e Ash = 4,6%. Os pesos corporais das aves aos 35 dias de idade em todos os tratamentos dietéticos foram estatisticamente semelhantes. O consumo de ração das codornas entre os diferentes grupos dietéticos variou significativamente (p 0,05) no nível de inclusão de RSC mais alto. Constatou-se que o desenvolvimento muscular melhorou com o nível de RSC mais baixo (%), enquanto os órgãos aumentaram com a inclusão de RSC mais alta. Os resultados sobre a maioria dos parâmetros de produção e parâmetros econômicos e [...].

Replacement level of rubber seed cake for soybean meal on the growth of Japanese quail / Nível de substituição do bolo de semente de borracha pelo farelo de soja no crescimento da codorna japonesa

A four-week feeding trial on the simultaneous replacement of 0 to 50% of soybean meal and 0 to 100% of soybean oil on the growth performance, carcass composition and profitability was conducted using 45 randomly chosen one-week-old growing Japanese quail. The five experimental diets were; D0 = Diet containing 20% soybean meal and 4% soybean oil (control diet), D1 = Diet, where 12.5% of soybean meal and 25% of soybean oil has been replaced by RSC; T2 = Diet, where 25% of soybean meal and 50% of soybean oil has been replaced by RSC; T3 = Diet, where 37.5% of soybean meal and 75% of soybean oil has been replaced by RSC; T4 = Diet, where 50% of soybean meal and 100% of soybean oil has been replaced by RSC. Results demonstrated that in raw rubber seed the proportion of kernel to hull is 64: 36. Proximate components of the boiled and sundried full fat rubber seed kernel (RS) were, moisture = 96.6%, ME = 5305 kcal / kg DM, CP = 17.6%, EE = 51.05%, CF = 8.5%, NFE = 18.25% and Ash = 4.6%. The body weights of the birds at 35 days of age in all dietary treatments were statistically similar. The feed intake of the quail among different dietary groups was varied significantly (p < 0.05) and there was a tendency of decreasing the feed intake at 25% and above inclusion level of RSC. The body weight gain and FCR were also statistically similar in all dietary groups. The feed cost and total production cost /kg BW of quail was also found to become steadily higher (p> 0.05) at higher RSC inclusion level. The muscle development was found to better at lower (%) RSC level, whereas the organs were enlarged at higher RSC inclusion. Results on the majority of the production parameters, and economics and carcass yield parameters suggested that the simultaneous replacement of maximum 50% soybean oil 25% soybean meal by processed RSC might be suggested, particularly, there will be a crisis in the availability of these two ingredients.

Um ensaio de alimentação de quatro semanas na substituição simultânea de 0 a 50% de farelo de soja e 0 a 100% de óleo de soja no desempenho de crescimento, composição de carcaça e lucratividade foi conduzido usando 45 codornas japonesas em crescimento com uma semana de idade escolhidas aleatoriamente. As cinco dietas experimentais foram: D0 = Dieta contendo 20% de farelo de soja e 4% de óleo de soja (dieta controle); D1 = Dieta, onde 12,5% de farelo de soja e 25% de óleo de soja foram substituídos por RSC; T2 = Dieta, onde 25% do farelo de soja e 50% do óleo de soja foram substituídos por RSC; T3 = Dieta, onde 37,5% do farelo de soja e 75% do óleo de soja foram substituídos por RSC; e T4 = Dieta, onde 50% do farelo de soja e 100% do óleo de soja foram substituídos por RSC. Os resultados demonstraram que em sementes de borracha crua a proporção de kernel para casca é 64: 36. Os componentes próximos do caroço de semente de borracha gordurosa fervida e seca ao sol foram: umidade = 96,6%; EM = 5305 kcal / kg MS; CP = 17,6%; EE = 51,05%; CF = 8,5%; NFE = 18,25%; e Ash = 4,6%. Os pesos corporais das aves aos 35 dias de idade em todos os tratamentos dietéticos foram estatisticamente semelhantes. O consumo de ração das codornas entre os diferentes grupos dietéticos variou significativamente (p < 0,05) e houve uma tendência de diminuição do consumo de ração em 25% e acima do nível de inclusão do RSC. O ganho de peso corporal e a FCR também foram estatisticamente semelhantes em todos os grupos dietéticos. O custo da ração e o custo total de produção / kg de PC de codornas também se tornaram cada vez mais altos (p > 0,05) no nível de inclusão de RSC mais alto. Constatou-se que o desenvolvimento muscular melhorou com o nível de RSC mais baixo (%), enquanto os órgãos aumentaram com a inclusão de RSC mais alta. Os resultados sobre a maioria dos parâmetros de produção e parâmetros econômicos e de rendimento de carcaça sugeriram que a substituição simultânea de no máximo 50% de óleo de soja e 25% de farelo de soja por RSC processado pode ser sugerida, particularmente, haverá uma crise na disponibilidade desses dois ingredientes.

Replacement level of rubber seed cake for soybean meal on the growth of Japanese quail / Nível de substituição do bolo de semente de borracha pelo farelo de soja no crescimento da codorna japonesa

A four-week feeding trial on the simultaneous replacement of 0 to 50% of soybean meal and 0 to 100% of soybean oil on the growth performance, carcass composition and profitability was conducted using 45 randomly chosen one-week-old growing Japanese quail. The five experimental diets were; D0= Diet containing 20% soybean meal and 4% soybean oil (control diet), D1= Diet, where 12.5% of soybean meal and 25% of soybean oil has been replaced by RSC; T2 = Diet, where 25% of soybean meal and 50% of soybean oil has been replaced by RSC; T3 = Diet, where 37.5% of soybean meal and 75% of soybean oil has been replaced by RSC; T4 = Diet, where 50% of soybean meal and 100% of soybean oil has been replaced by RSC. Results demonstrated that in raw rubber seed the proportion of kernel to hull is 64: 36. Proximate components of the boiled and sundried full fat rubber seed kernel (RS) were, moisture = 96.6%, ME = 5305 kcal / kg DM, CP = 17.6%, EE = 51.05%, CF = 8.5%, NFE = 18.25% and Ash = 4.6%. The body weights of the birds at 35 days of age in all dietary treatments were statistically similar. The feed intake of the quail among different dietary groups was varied significantly (p < 0.05) and there was a tendency of decreasing the feed intake at 25% and above inclusion level of RSC. The body weight gain and FCR were also statistically similar in all dietary groups. The feed cost and total production cost /kg BW of quail was also found to become steadily higher (p> 0.05) at higher RSC inclusion level. The muscle development was found to better at lower (%) RSC level, whereas the organs were enlarged at higher RSC inclusion. Results on the majority of the production parameters, and economics and carcass yield parameters suggested that the simultaneous replacement of maximum 50% soybean oil 25% soybean meal by processed RSC might be suggested, particularly, there will be a crisis in the availability of these two ingredients.(AU)

Um ensaio de alimentação de quatro semanas na substituição simultânea de 0 a 50% de farelo de soja e 0 a 100% de óleo de soja no desempenho de crescimento, composição de carcaça e lucratividade foi conduzido usando 45 codornas japonesas em crescimento com uma semana de idade escolhidas aleatoriamente. As cinco dietas experimentais foram: D0 = Dieta contendo 20% de farelo de soja e 4% de óleo de soja (dieta controle); D1 = Dieta, onde 12,5% de farelo de soja e 25% de óleo de soja foram substituídos por RSC; T2 = Dieta, onde 25% do farelo de soja e 50% do óleo de soja foram substituídos por RSC; T3 = Dieta, onde 37,5% do farelo de soja e 75% do óleo de soja foram substituídos por RSC; e T4 = Dieta, onde 50% do farelo de soja e 100% do óleo de soja foram substituídos por RSC. Os resultados demonstraram que em sementes de borracha crua a proporção de kernel para casca é 64: 36. Os componentes próximos do caroço de semente de borracha gordurosa fervida e seca ao sol foram: umidade = 96,6%; EM = 5305 kcal / kg MS; CP = 17,6%; EE = 51,05%; CF = 8,5%; NFE = 18,25%; e Ash = 4,6%. Os pesos corporais das aves aos 35 dias de idade em todos os tratamentos dietéticos foram estatisticamente semelhantes. O consumo de ração das codornas entre os diferentes grupos dietéticos variou significativamente (p < 0,05) e houve uma tendência de diminuição do consumo de ração em 25% e acima do nível de inclusão do RSC. O ganho de peso corporal e a FCR também foram estatisticamente semelhantes em todos os grupos dietéticos. O custo da ração e o custo total de produção / kg de PC de codornas também se tornaram cada vez mais altos (p > 0,05) no nível de inclusão de RSC mais alto. Constatou-se que o desenvolvimento muscular melhorou com o nível de RSC mais baixo (%), enquanto os órgãos aumentaram com a inclusão de RSC mais alta. Os resultados sobre a maioria dos parâmetros de produção e parâmetros econômicos e [...].(AU)

Qualidade microbiológica de hortaliças comercializadas em diferentes restaurantes do tipo self-service na cidade do Recife-PE / Microbiological quality of vegetables selled in different self service restaurants in the city of Recife-PE

A falta de tempo para o preparo das refeições, devido ao ritmo de vida acelerado, incentiva a procura por serviços de alimentação fora de casa, em busca de alimentos práticos, de rápido consumo e nutritivos. Com o propósito de fazer uma alimentação mais saudável, cresceu a busca por restaurantes self-service, sendo a salada uma das opções usualmente mais consumida nesses estabelecimentos. Neste contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade microbiológica de 20 amostras de hortaliças cruas servidas em restaurantes self-service da cidade do Recife-PE. As coletas foram realizadas no mês de fevereiro de 2021. As amostras foram submetidas às análises microbiológicas de coliformes totais, termotolerantes, Escherichia coli e Salmonella spp. Para coliformes totais os resultados variaram entre <3 a >1100 NMP/g. A presença de coliformes termotolerantes foi observada em 16 amostras, destas, uma apresentou contagem acima do estabelecido pela RDC 12/2001 se mostrando imprópria para o consumo. Não foi detectada a presença de Escherichia coli e Salmonella spp. nas amostras analisadas, estando estas de acordo com a RDC 331/2019. Estes resultados sugerem que, como houve a presença de coliformes nas amostras, mesmo estando a maioria dos valores em conformidade, é importante que haja maiores cuidados quanto à higienização e manipulação das hortaliças pelos estabelecimentos. Visando diminuir a carga microbiana presente nesses alimentos, portanto, é necessário que as boas práticas de manipulação sejam adotadas pelos restaurantes, para que se evite o aparecimento de doenças transmitidas por alimentos (DTAs).(AU)

The lack of time to prepare meals, due to a fast-paced contemporary lifestyle, encourages people to seek for alternative food services that are fast, practical, and nutritious. With the purpose of maintaining a healthy diet, the search for self-service restaurants has increased, being salad one of the usual options consumed in these restaurants. In this scenario, the purpose of the study was to investigate the microbiological quality of 20 raw vegetables samples served in restaurants in Recife ­ PE. The tests were carried out in February 2021. The samples were submitted to microbiological analysis of Total Coliform, thermotolerant Coliforms, Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. For Total Coliform the results ranged from <3 to >1100 MPN/g. The presence of thermotolerant coliforms were observed in 16 samples, and 1 of them had a count above the established for the RDC 12/2001, proving to be unsuitable for consumption. The presence of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. were detected in none of the analyzed samples, being in accordance with the RDC 331/2019. These results suggest that, because of the presence of coliforms in the samples, even though most of values are in compliance, it is important to be more careful about hygiene and manipulation of vegetables by restaurants. Therefore, aiming to decrease the microbial load present in these foods, it is necessary that the good handling practices should be adopted in restaurants, to avoid the appearance of foodborne diseases.(AU)

Evaluation of rehydrated corn grain silage with okara or soybean inclusion in the performance of lactating cows / Avaliação da silagem de grãos de milho reidratados com inclusão de okara ou soja no desempenho de vacas em lactação

This study aimed to evaluate dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility, milk production and composition, and feed efficiency of cows fed corn grain silages with okara or raw soybean inclusion. Six Holstein cows were distributed in a double Latin square and arranged in the following treatments: concentrate formulated based on corn grain silage with 30% okara inclusion; concentrate of corn grain silage with 20% raw soybean inclusion, and concentrate based on dry corn grains. Statistical analysis was performed using Bayesian inference. Diets formulated with silages reduced dry matter intake compared to the diet of concentrate based on dry grains. High digestibility of DM, OM, NFC, and EE was observed for diets with silage inclusion. Milk presented an increase in CLA for the diet of corn grain silage diet with soybean inclusion. Rehydrated grain corn silage with soybean or okara inclusion reduced dry matter intake and increased nutrient digestibility, maintaining the same milk production, which demonstrates the higher efficiency of these diets.

Objetivou-se avaliar a ingestão de matéria seca, digestibilidade dos nutrientes, produção e composição do leite e a eficiência alimentar de vacas alimentadas com silagens de grãos de milho com adição de okara ou de soja crua. Foram utilizadas 6 vacas da raça Holandesa, distribuídas em um duplo quadrado latino, nos seguintes tratamentos: concentrado formulado à base de silagem de grãos de milho com adição de 30% de okara; concentrado com silagem de grãos de milho com adição de 20% de soja crua e concentrado à base de grãos secos de milho. A análise estatística foi realizada por meio de Inferência Bayesiana. As dietas formuladas com as silagens diminuíram o consumo de matéria seca em relação à dieta com concentrado à base de grãos secos. Foi verificada maior digestibilidade da MS, MO, CNF e EE para as dietas com a inclusão das silagens. Houve aumento do CLA no leite para a dieta com silagem de grãos de milho com adição de soja. A ensilagem de grãos de milho reidratados com adição de soja ou okara diminui o consumo de matéria seca, aumenta a digestibilidade dos nutrientes, mantendo a mesma produção de leite, o que demonstra superioridade na eficiência destas dietas.

Evaluation of rehydrated corn grain silage with okara or soybean inclusion in the performance of lactating cows / Avaliação da silagem de grãos de milho reidratados com inclusão de okara ou soja no desempenho de vacas em lactação

This study aimed to evaluate dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility, milk production and composition, and feed efficiency of cows fed corn grain silages with okara or raw soybean inclusion. Six Holstein cows were distributed in a double Latin square and arranged in the following treatments: concentrate formulated based on corn grain silage with 30% okara inclusion; concentrate of corn grain silage with 20% raw soybean inclusion, and concentrate based on dry corn grains. Statistical analysis was performed using Bayesian inference. Diets formulated with silages reduced dry matter intake compared to the diet of concentrate based on dry grains. High digestibility of DM, OM, NFC, and EE was observed for diets with silage inclusion. Milk presented an increase in CLA for the diet of corn grain silage diet with soybean inclusion. Rehydrated grain corn silage with soybean or okara inclusion reduced dry matter intake and increased nutrient digestibility, maintaining the same milk production, which demonstrates the higher efficiency of these diets.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar a ingestão de matéria seca, digestibilidade dos nutrientes, produção e composição do leite e a eficiência alimentar de vacas alimentadas com silagens de grãos de milho com adição de okara ou de soja crua. Foram utilizadas 6 vacas da raça Holandesa, distribuídas em um duplo quadrado latino, nos seguintes tratamentos: concentrado formulado à base de silagem de grãos de milho com adição de 30% de okara; concentrado com silagem de grãos de milho com adição de 20% de soja crua e concentrado à base de grãos secos de milho. A análise estatística foi realizada por meio de Inferência Bayesiana. As dietas formuladas com as silagens diminuíram o consumo de matéria seca em relação à dieta com concentrado à base de grãos secos. Foi verificada maior digestibilidade da MS, MO, CNF e EE para as dietas com a inclusão das silagens. Houve aumento do CLA no leite para a dieta com silagem de grãos de milho com adição de soja. A ensilagem de grãos de milho reidratados com adição de soja ou okara diminui o consumo de matéria seca, aumenta a digestibilidade dos nutrientes, mantendo a mesma produção de leite, o que demonstra superioridade na eficiência destas dietas.(AU)

Feed efficiency and loin meat quality in Iberian pigs

We investigated the ability to predict production performance in Iberian pigs in an extensive production system from measurements of feed efficiency measured intensively. The second objective of this work was to study the relationship between feed efficiency and meat quality (composition, juiciness, tenderness, color, and subcutaneous fatty acid composition) and if cooked and cured quality properties can be predicted by properties in fresh meat. Thirty Iberian sows received successively a restricted diet of concentrate (P1concentrate) and acorns (P2acorn) intensively and an ad libitum diet of acorns supplemented with a restricted amount of concentrate (P3montanera) extensively. Pigs that were more feed efficient on concentrate were less feed efficient on acorns and had higher body weight gain during the montanera . Improved feed efficiency on acorns reduced the concentration of α-linolenic and linoleic fatty acid composition of subcutaneous fat. Faster body weight gain in montanera resulted in a desirable reduction in cooking loss and a reduction in palmitic acid content in subcutaneous fat, and a potentially undesirable reduction in meat redness. Tenderness in cooked or cured loin was not significantly related to tenderness in the raw product. Cooking loss was positively related to purge and centrifugal drip loss and to color coordinates a*24 and b*24 in raw samples. We conclude that feed efficiency and body weight gain may be improved in the traditional Iberian production system, with a positive effect on cooking loss but potentially resulting in paler meat.(AU)

Increased quality of in natura and cryopreserved semen of water buffaloes supplemented with saturated and unsaturated fatty acids from the palm oil industry

Ruminant energy supplementation with vegetable oils or fats has been standing out worldwide and oil palm processing has been receiving growing interest. This study assessed the effect of supplementation with saturated and unsaturated fatty acids from the palm oil industry on the lipid profile of seminal plasma and of the sperm membrane, as well as on the morphological and functional characteristics of raw and cryopreserved buffalo semen. Twelve purebred Murrah bulls (Bubalus bubalis) were assigned to the experimental groups and fed diets for 120 days with no added lipids (CONT, four bulls), or with an extra amount of 3% lipids from crude palm oil (PALM, four bulls), or from palm oil deodorizer distillate (PODD, four bulls). Semen was collected and cryopreserved every 15 days. The lipid composition of membranes and semen quality were determined after collections. Lipid supplementation did not impact feed intake (P>0.05). Diet enrichment with PALM increased the linoleic acid (C18:2,6) in seminal plasma. Lipid supplementation did not increase the polyunsaturated fatty acids in the sperm membrane composition, but significantly increased the lignoceric acid (C24:0). Cryopreserved semen of the supplemented bulls presented higher progressive motility (60.2 vs. 67.9 vs. 65.2%; P 0.05) and sperm viability detected by eosin-nigrosin staining (61.1 vs. 69.4 vs. 67.8%; P 0.05). Palm oil reduced major sperm defects in both raw (12.2 vs. 9.3 vs. 13.2%; P 0.0001) and cryopreserved semen (12.4 vs. 9.4 vs. 11.2%; P 0.0001). The lipids added to the diet did not impact the population of spermatozoa with intact plasma and acrosomal membranes (PI-/PSA-), but significantly increased the percentage of spermatozoa with high mitochondrial potential (25.6 vs. 31.5 vs. 32.0%; P=0.008). The results suggest that lipid supplementation based on crude palm oil or palm oil deodorizer distillate can be safely used to feed buffalo bulls and may increase sperm attributes related to male fertility.

Increased quality of in natura and cryopreserved semen of water buffaloes supplemented with saturated and unsaturated fatty acids from the palm oil industry

Ruminant energy supplementation with vegetable oils or fats has been standing out worldwide and oil palm processing has been receiving growing interest. This study assessed the effect of supplementation with saturated and unsaturated fatty acids from the palm oil industry on the lipid profile of seminal plasma and of the sperm membrane, as well as on the morphological and functional characteristics of raw and cryopreserved buffalo semen. Twelve purebred Murrah bulls (Bubalus bubalis) were assigned to the experimental groups and fed diets for 120 days with no added lipids (CONT, four bulls), or with an extra amount of 3% lipids from crude palm oil (PALM, four bulls), or from palm oil deodorizer distillate (PODD, four bulls). Semen was collected and cryopreserved every 15 days. The lipid composition of membranes and semen quality were determined after collections. Lipid supplementation did not impact feed intake (P>0.05). Diet enrichment with PALM increased the linoleic acid (C18:2,6) in seminal plasma. Lipid supplementation did not increase the polyunsaturated fatty acids in the sperm membrane composition, but significantly increased the lignoceric acid (C24:0). Cryopreserved semen of the supplemented bulls presented higher progressive motility (60.2 vs. 67.9 vs. 65.2%; P 0.05) and sperm viability detected by eosin-nigrosin staining (61.1 vs. 69.4 vs. 67.8%; P 0.05). Palm oil reduced major sperm defects in both raw (12.2 vs. 9.3 vs. 13.2%; P 0.0001) and cryopreserved semen (12.4 vs. 9.4 vs. 11.2%; P 0.0001). The lipids added to the diet did not impact the population of spermatozoa with intact plasma and acrosomal membranes (PI-/PSA-), but significantly increased the percentage of spermatozoa with high mitochondrial potential (25.6 vs. 31.5 vs. 32.0%; P=0.008). The results suggest that lipid supplementation based on crude palm oil or palm oil deodorizer distillate can be safely used to feed buffalo bulls and may increase sperm attributes related to male fertility.(AU)

Influence of the host diet on the performance of Doryctobracon areolatus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) / Influência da dieta do hospedeiro na performance de Doryctobracon areolatus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Fitness in parasitoids is generally influenced by host quality. We evaluated the development parameters of Doryctobracon areolatus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitoid on Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) larvae, reared in artificial diets with different protein sources. Larvae of A. fraterculus were reared in the diets based on 1) raw wheat germ (control); 2) whole rice flour; 3) corn flour; and, 4) whole wheat flour + soybean meal. The larvae were used for the development of D. areolatus, to evaluate the number of offspring/female, emergence rate, sex ratio, egg-adult period, adult weight posterior tibia length and longevity. Larvae of A. fraterculus reared in the diets based on wheat germ and corn flour obtained a greater number of offspring, with shorter duration of egg-adult period for males and females. In diets with rice flour and corn flour, A. fraterculus larvae generated adults of D. areolatus with greater weight, longer tibia length and higher sex ratio, whereas larvae reared in wheat flour + soybean meal diet had a lower sex ratio. The diets based on rice flour and corn are the most appropriate for multiplication of the parasitoid.(AU)

O custo adaptativo de parasitoides é geralmente influenciado pela qualidade do hospedeiro. Nós avaliamos parâmetros de desenvolvimento do parasitoide Doryctobracon areolatus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) em larvas de Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) criadas em dieta artificial com diferentes fontes proteicas. Larvas de A. fraterculus foram criadas em dietas a base de: 1) germe de trigo cru (testemunha); 2) farinha de arroz integral; 3) farinha de milho; e, 4) farinha de trigo integral + farelo de soja. As larvas foram usadas para o desenvolvimento de D. areolatus para avaliar o número de descendentes/fêmea, taxa de emergência, razão sexual, duração do período ovo-adulto, peso de adultos, comprimento da tíbia posterior e longevidade. Larvas de A. fraterculus criadas nas dietas a base de germe de trigo e farinha de milho, permitiram obter um maior número de descendentes do parasitoide, com menor duração do período de desenvolvimento ovo-adulto, para ambos os sexos. Nas dietas com farinha de arroz e farinha de milho, larvas de A. fraterculus geraram adultos de D. areolatus com maior peso e tamanho de tíbia de machos e fêmeas e uma maior quantidade de fêmeas. A dieta contendo farinha de trigo + farelo de soja afetou a geração de descendentes, causando uma menor razão sexual. As dietas a base de farinha de arroz e milho são as mais adequadas para a multiplicação do parasitoide.(AU)

Quantification of biogenic amines in fabrication steps of Gorgonzola-type cheese / Quantificação de aminas biogênicas nas etapas de fabricação do queijo tipo Gorgonzola

During the Gorgonzola-type cheese preparation there are proteolysis and lipolysis which may be influenced by the type of starter culture chosen. Six manufacturing steps were selected to identify which of them is most suitable for biogenic amines (BA) formation (1- milk, 2- lactic acid bacterial culture and fungus addition, 3- curd, 4- dry salting, 5- maturation at 30 days and maturation at 60 days); perform research on enterobacteria; accomplish the research of BA-producing bacteria (BAPB); detect and quantify the most abundant BA (putrescine, cadaverine, tyramine, histamine, spermidine and spermine) in the six steps of Gorgonzola cheese production and in bacterial isolates using high performance liquid chromatography and UV-Vis SPD/10AV detector and define if the presence of enterobacteria and BAPB would be correlated with BA production in this cheese. The bacterial culture used increased its log population by 7 log cycles and reached its highest level in batch 2 during cheese maturation. There was a decrease in the enterobacterial population in 2 log cycles after 60 days of maturation in batch 1. Tyramine was the BA with the highest concentration 306.32 mg.Kg-1 quantified in step 6 (60 days maturation) in batch 1. Criterion is requiered in bacterial starter culture selection because it is a quality determinant factor in relation to BA production and more rigor in raw material selection.

Durante a elaboração do queijo tipo Gorgonzola ocorre proteólise a partir das bactérias e dos fungos adicionados ao leite que podem levar a formação de aminas biogênicas (AB) neste tipo de queijo. Portanto, no presente estudo foi feito o acompanhamento com coleta de amostras em seis etapas na fabricação deste queijo paraidentificar em qual delas haveria maior formação de aminas biogênicas (AB). As amostras coletadas em três diferentes lotes foram o leite cru (1), leite pasteurizado adicionado de cultura de bactérias ácido-láticas (2), massa coalhada (3), queijo após a etapa de salga seca (4), queijo após 30 dias de maturação (5) e queijo após 60 dias de maturação (6). Também foram realizadas a pesquisa de enterobactérias e bactérias ácido-láticas com característica capacidade de descarboxilação de aminoácidos e produção de aminas biogênicas (BPAB); detecção e quantificação da AB mais abundante (putrescina, cadaverina, tiramina, histamina, espermidina e espermina) nas seis etapas de fabricação do queijo tipo Gorgonzola e nos isolados bacterianos utilizando cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência e detector UV-Vis SPD/10AV e a verificação se a presença de enterobactérias e BPAB estariam correlacionadas com a produção de AB nesse queijo. A cultura bacteriana utilizada cresceu aumentando em sete ciclos logarítmicos sua população e alcançou seu maior nível no lote 2 na etapa de maturação do queijo. Houve diminuição da população enterobactérias em 2 ciclos logarítmicos após 60 dias de maturação no lote 1. A tiramina foi a AB com concentração mais elevada 306,32 mg.Kg-1 quantificada na etapa 6 (60 dias de maturação) no lote 1. É necessário dar mais atenção em duas etapas na elaboração dos queijos: mais critério na seleção da cultura bacteriana iniciadora por ser um fator determinante na qualidade em relação à produção de AB e mais rigor na seleção da matéria-prima.Palavras chaves: cromatografia, cultura iniciadora, detector SPD/10AV UV­Vis, maturação, tiramina.

Influence of the host diet on the performance of Doryctobracon areolatus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Abstract Fitness in parasitoids is generally influenced by host quality. We evaluated the development parameters of Doryctobracon areolatus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitoid on Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) larvae, reared in artificial diets with different protein sources. Larvae of A. fraterculus were reared in the diets based on 1) raw wheat germ (control); 2) whole rice flour; 3) corn flour; and, 4) whole wheat flour + soybean meal. The larvae were used for the development of D. areolatus, to evaluate the number of offspring/female, emergence rate, sex ratio, egg-adult period, adult weight posterior tibia length and longevity. Larvae of A. fraterculus reared in the diets based on wheat germ and corn flour obtained a greater number of offspring, with shorter duration of egg-adult period for males and females. In diets with rice flour and corn flour, A. fraterculus larvae generated adults of D. areolatus with greater weight, longer tibia length and higher sex ratio, whereas larvae reared in wheat flour + soybean meal diet had a lower sex ratio. The diets based on rice flour and corn are the most appropriate for multiplication of the parasitoid.

Resumo O custo adaptativo de parasitoides é geralmente influenciado pela qualidade do hospedeiro. Nós avaliamos parâmetros de desenvolvimento do parasitoide Doryctobracon areolatus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) em larvas de Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) criadas em dieta artificial com diferentes fontes proteicas. Larvas de A. fraterculus foram criadas em dietas a base de: 1) germe de trigo cru (testemunha); 2) farinha de arroz integral; 3) farinha de milho; e, 4) farinha de trigo integral + farelo de soja. As larvas foram usadas para o desenvolvimento de D. areolatus para avaliar o número de descendentes/fêmea, taxa de emergência, razão sexual, duração do período ovo-adulto, peso de adultos, comprimento da tíbia posterior e longevidade. Larvas de A. fraterculus criadas nas dietas a base de germe de trigo e farinha de milho, permitiram obter um maior número de descendentes do parasitoide, com menor duração do período de desenvolvimento ovo-adulto, para ambos os sexos. Nas dietas com farinha de arroz e farinha de milho, larvas de A. fraterculus geraram adultos de D. areolatus com maior peso e tamanho de tíbia de machos e fêmeas e uma maior quantidade de fêmeas. A dieta contendo farinha de trigo + farelo de soja afetou a geração de descendentes, causando uma menor razão sexual. As dietas a base de farinha de arroz e milho são as mais adequadas para a multiplicação do parasitoide.

Silagem ácida de vísceras de tambaqui na alimentação de cães domésticos / Fish silage of tambaqui in feed for dogs

Avaliou-se o emprego de silagem ácida de vísceras de tambaqui para alimentação de cães jovens. As variáveis estudadas foram o estado geral, o ganho de peso vivo, o escore corporal e fecal, a consistência e odor das fezes e a função hepática e renal dos animais. A ração foi composta com 46% de silagem e calculada para gerar níveis nutricionais iguais aos registrados no rótulo da ração comercial para filhotes e compatível com a recomendação para a idade dos animais, ou seja, 26% PB, de 1,0 a 2,0% de Cálcio, 0,9% de Fósforo e 3295 kcal kg-1 EM. O período experimental foi de 52 dias sendo que as amostras de sangue, para avaliação bioquímica, foram coletas no 53º dia após o jejum de 12 horas. O uso da silagem na alimentação dos cães foi satisfatório não diferindo em relação a todas as variáveis estudadas, em relação ao grupo controle. Este estudo, de caráter exploratório, gera o indicativo de uso da silagem de resíduos de peixes a ser empregado como fonte protéica na formulação de ração para cães.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of silage viscera of tambaqui for feeding young dogs. The variables studied were the general condition, live weight gain, body and fecal score, consistency and odor of feces and liver and kidney biochemical functions of animals. The ration consisted of 46% silage and calculated to generate nutrient levels equal to those recorded on the label of the commercial feed and compatible with the recommendation for the age of the animals (26% crude protein, 1.0 to 2.0% calcium, 0.9% phosphorus and 3295 kcal kg-1). The experimental period was 52 days and that the blood samples for biochemical analyzes were collected on day 53 after fasting for 12 hours. The use of silage in the diet of dogs was satisfactory and did not differ with respect to all variables in the control group. This study, exploratory, generates the indicative use of silage from fish waste to be used as a protein source in the diet formulation for dogs.

Silagem ácida de vísceras de tambaqui na alimentação de cães domésticos / Fish silage of tambaqui in feed for dogs

Avaliou-se o emprego de silagem ácida de vísceras de tambaqui para alimentação de cães jovens. As variáveis estudadas foram o estado geral, o ganho de peso vivo, o escore corporal e fecal, a consistência e odor das fezes e a função hepática e renal dos animais. A ração foi composta com 46% de silagem e calculada para gerar níveis nutricionais iguais aos registrados no rótulo da ração comercial para filhotes e compatível com a recomendação para a idade dos animais, ou seja, 26% PB, de 1,0 a 2,0% de Cálcio, 0,9% de Fósforo e 3295 kcal kg-1 EM. O período experimental foi de 52 dias sendo que as amostras de sangue, para avaliação bioquímica, foram coletas no 53º dia após o jejum de 12 horas. O uso da silagem na alimentação dos cães foi satisfatório não diferindo em relação a todas as variáveis estudadas, em relação ao grupo controle. Este estudo, de caráter exploratório, gera o indicativo de uso da silagem de resíduos de peixes a ser empregado como fonte protéica na formulação de ração para cães.(AU)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of silage viscera of tambaqui for feeding young dogs. The variables studied were the general condition, live weight gain, body and fecal score, consistency and odor of feces and liver and kidney biochemical functions of animals. The ration consisted of 46% silage and calculated to generate nutrient levels equal to those recorded on the label of the commercial feed and compatible with the recommendation for the age of the animals (26% crude protein, 1.0 to 2.0% calcium, 0.9% phosphorus and 3295 kcal kg-1). The experimental period was 52 days and that the blood samples for biochemical analyzes were collected on day 53 after fasting for 12 hours. The use of silage in the diet of dogs was satisfactory and did not differ with respect to all variables in the control group. This study, exploratory, generates the indicative use of silage from fish waste to be used as a protein source in the diet formulation for dogs.(AU)

The dietary inclusion of chickpea seeds (Cicer arietinum L) influences the thermal properties of muscle proteins, but not the texture of drumstick muscle in broiler chickens

In this study, the effect of replacement of soybean meal with raw chickpea seeds as a primary protein source in the diet of broiler chicks on physical properties of drumstick muscle (m. gastrocnemius) was examined. One-day-old Ross 308 broilers (n=160) were fed soybean meal (n=80) or raw chickpea seeds (n=80) as a primary protein source for 42 days. Drumstick muscles, after dissection and storage for 24 h at 5°C, were subjected to texture profile analysis to determine changes in the structural and material integrity, and the thermal stability of muscle proteins were assessed on the basis of differential scanning calorimetry measurements. Light meromyosin, heavy meromyosin and sarcoplasmic proteins in the meat samples of broilers fed raw chickpea seeds were characterized by higher thermal stability as the higher denaturation temperatures were observed. In addition, the calorimetric enthalpy of denaturation of light meromyosin was significantly higher in the muscles of broiler fed raw chickpea seeds, while higher enthalpy of denaturation of actin was determined in those fed soybean meal. Muscle weight, hardness, and the other evaluated textural traits, did not differ between treatments. In summary, dietary protein source affected only thermal stability of muscle proteins; however, the physiological consequences of these alterations are yet to be determined. This study also showed that thermal analysis can be a useful tool for analyzing the effect of nutrition on the development and structural changes in the muscle tissues of poultry.(AU)

The dietary inclusion of chickpea seeds (Cicer arietinum L) influences the thermal properties of muscle proteins, but not the texture of drumstick muscle in broiler chickens

In this study, the effect of replacement of soybean meal with raw chickpea seeds as a primary protein source in the diet of broiler chicks on physical properties of drumstick muscle (m. gastrocnemius) was examined. One-day-old Ross 308 broilers (n=160) were fed soybean meal (n=80) or raw chickpea seeds (n=80) as a primary protein source for 42 days. Drumstick muscles, after dissection and storage for 24 h at 5°C, were subjected to texture profile analysis to determine changes in the structural and material integrity, and the thermal stability of muscle proteins were assessed on the basis of differential scanning calorimetry measurements. Light meromyosin, heavy meromyosin and sarcoplasmic proteins in the meat samples of broilers fed raw chickpea seeds were characterized by higher thermal stability as the higher denaturation temperatures were observed. In addition, the calorimetric enthalpy of denaturation of light meromyosin was significantly higher in the muscles of broiler fed raw chickpea seeds, while higher enthalpy of denaturation of actin was determined in those fed soybean meal. Muscle weight, hardness, and the other evaluated textural traits, did not differ between treatments. In summary, dietary protein source affected only thermal stability of muscle proteins; however, the physiological consequences of these alterations are yet to be determined. This study also showed that thermal analysis can be a useful tool for analyzing the effect of nutrition on the development and structural changes in the muscle tissues of poultry.

Soybean hulls and / or white oat grains on the ingestive behavior of confined steers / Casca do grão de soja e / ou grão aveia branca no comportamento ingestivo de novilhos confinados

Dry matter and neutral detergent fiber contents act as physical regulators of voluntary intake in ruminants. Therefore, different levels of these components may interfere with animal performance and require careful assessment of the used raw material. This study was conducted with the purpose to assess the effect of soybean hulls and white oat in distinct or associated uses in the concentrate diet on the ingestive behavior of cattle. Thirty-six steers with an initial mean age of 20 months and initial mean weight of 226 kg were used. The diet was composed of 50% sorghum silage and 50% concentrate based on dry matter. The tested diets were soybean hulls (concentrate fraction composed mainly of soybean hulls), white oat grains (concentrate fraction composed mainly of white oat grains), and mixture (concentrate fraction composed of equal parts of soybean hulls and white oat grains). The experimental design was a randomized block design with 12 animals per diet. The data were compared by the PROC MIXED procedure with repeated measures in time, and the means were compared by the least significant difference test at 5% significance level. Diets presented different contents of neutral detergent fiber (66, 56, and 47%) and lignin (3.2, 3.7, and 4.1%) as the percentage of white oat grain increased in the diet. The total rumination time was lower (447 minutes) for animals that received equal parts of soybean hulls and white oat grains in the diet when compared to animals receiving a diet containing soybean hulls (483 minutes) and white oat grains (495 minutes), with no difference from each other.[...](AU)

Os teores de matéria seca e fibra em detergente neutro atuam como reguladores físicos do consumo voluntário em ruminantes. Assim, diferentes níveis destes componentes podem interferir no desempenho animal e necessitam de avaliação criteriosa da matéria-prima utilizada. O estudo foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da casca do grão de soja e a aveia branca, em usos distintos ou associados na dieta concentrada no comportamento ingestivo de bovinos. Utilizou-se 36 novilhos com idade média inicial de 20 meses e peso médio inicial de 226 kg. A dieta foi composta de 50 % de silagem de sorgo e 50 % de concentrado com base na matéria seca. As dietas testadas foram: casca do grão de soja (fração concentrada composta principalmente por casca do grão de soja), grão de aveia branca (fração concentrada composta principalmente por grão de aveia branca) e mistura (fração concentrada composta por partes iguais de casca do grão de soja e grão de aveia branca). O delineamento experimental foi blocos ao acaso com 12 animais por dieta. Os dados foram comparados pelo procedimento PROC MIXED com avaliações repetidas no tempo e as médias, comparadas pelo teste de diferença mínima significativa ao nível de 5 % de significância. As dietas apresentaram diferentes teores de fibra em detergente neutro (66, 56 e 47 %) e lignina (3,2; 3,7 e 4,1 %) conforme aumento da participação do grão de aveia branca na dieta. O tempo de ruminação total foi inferior (447 minutos) para animais que receberam partes iguais de casca do grão de soja e grão de aveia branca na dieta em relação a animais recebendo dieta contendo casca do grão de soja (483 minutos) e grão de aveia branca (495 minutos), que não deferiram entre si.[...](AU)

Soybean hulls and / or white oat grains on the ingestive behavior of confined steers / Casca do grão de soja e / ou grão aveia branca no comportamento ingestivo de novilhos confinados

Dry matter and neutral detergent fiber contents act as physical regulators of voluntary intake in ruminants. Therefore, different levels of these components may interfere with animal performance and require careful assessment of the used raw material. This study was conducted with the purpose to assess the effect of soybean hulls and white oat in distinct or associated uses in the concentrate diet on the ingestive behavior of cattle. Thirty-six steers with an initial mean age of 20 months and initial mean weight of 226 kg were used. The diet was composed of 50% sorghum silage and 50% concentrate based on dry matter. The tested diets were soybean hulls (concentrate fraction composed mainly of soybean hulls), white oat grains (concentrate fraction composed mainly of white oat grains), and mixture (concentrate fraction composed of equal parts of soybean hulls and white oat grains). The experimental design was a randomized block design with 12 animals per diet. The data were compared by the PROC MIXED procedure with repeated measures in time, and the means were compared by the least significant difference test at 5% significance level. Diets presented different contents of neutral detergent fiber (66, 56, and 47%) and lignin (3.2, 3.7, and 4.1%) as the percentage of white oat grain increased in the diet. The total rumination time was lower (447 minutes) for animals that received equal parts of soybean hulls and white oat grains in the diet when compared to animals receiving a diet containing soybean hulls (483 minutes) and white oat grains (495 minutes), with no difference from each other.[...]

Os teores de matéria seca e fibra em detergente neutro atuam como reguladores físicos do consumo voluntário em ruminantes. Assim, diferentes níveis destes componentes podem interferir no desempenho animal e necessitam de avaliação criteriosa da matéria-prima utilizada. O estudo foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da casca do grão de soja e a aveia branca, em usos distintos ou associados na dieta concentrada no comportamento ingestivo de bovinos. Utilizou-se 36 novilhos com idade média inicial de 20 meses e peso médio inicial de 226 kg. A dieta foi composta de 50 % de silagem de sorgo e 50 % de concentrado com base na matéria seca. As dietas testadas foram: casca do grão de soja (fração concentrada composta principalmente por casca do grão de soja), grão de aveia branca (fração concentrada composta principalmente por grão de aveia branca) e mistura (fração concentrada composta por partes iguais de casca do grão de soja e grão de aveia branca). O delineamento experimental foi blocos ao acaso com 12 animais por dieta. Os dados foram comparados pelo procedimento PROC MIXED com avaliações repetidas no tempo e as médias, comparadas pelo teste de diferença mínima significativa ao nível de 5 % de significância. As dietas apresentaram diferentes teores de fibra em detergente neutro (66, 56 e 47 %) e lignina (3,2; 3,7 e 4,1 %) conforme aumento da participação do grão de aveia branca na dieta. O tempo de ruminação total foi inferior (447 minutos) para animais que receberam partes iguais de casca do grão de soja e grão de aveia branca na dieta em relação a animais recebendo dieta contendo casca do grão de soja (483 minutos) e grão de aveia branca (495 minutos), que não deferiram entre si.[...]