Application of Euphorbia tirucalli sap in sarcoid treatment in horses: case report / Aplicação da seiva de Euphorbia tirucalli no tratamento de sarcoide em equinos: relato de caso

Sarcoid is the most common cutaneous neoplasm in horses, with no established therapy, due to the variable neoplastic manifestation and the oscillating individual response to therapies. The Euphorbia tirucalli plant, known as Aveloz, has terpenes and sterols in its latex with antitumor activity, being widely used in popular medicine. Eight horses were referred to the Veterinary Hospital diagnosed with sarcoid, and they were treated only with an aqueous solution containing Euphorbia tirucalli. The most common location of tumors was base of the ear and pectoral; seven of the eight animals had tumors in more than one region. The intratumoral injection containing the sap of Aveloz was applied until the tumor became turgent, visualizing blackening, dryness, and a detachment of the sarcoid in 24 to 72 hours. The use of Euphorbia tirucalli sap showed 87.5% efficacy in the treatment of sarcoids and adverse effects were observed in the seven animals in which the technique was effective. The treated horses were evaluated for three months to seven years, and none had tumor recurrences. The intralesional application of Euphorbia tirucalli sap has been proved to be effective, safe, and low-cost in the treatment of sarcoid in horses, being a viable alternative for this type of cutaneous neoplasm.

O sarcoide é a neoplasia cutânea mais comum nos equinos, não apresentando uma terapêutica estabelecida, devido à variável manifestação neoplásica e à oscilante resposta individual às terapias. A planta Euphorbia tirucalli, conhecida como Aveloz, possui em sua seiva terpenos e esteróis com atividade antitumoral, sendo amplamente empregada na medicina popular. Foram atendidos, no Hospital Veterinário, oito animais diagnosticados com sarcoide e tratados unicamente com a solução aquosa contendo a seiva de Euphorbia tirucalli. As regiões predominantemente acometidas pelos tumores eram base de orelha e peitoral; sete dos oito animais apresentaram tumores em mais de uma região. A injeção intratumoral contendo Aveloz foi aplicada até a turgência do tumor, visualizando-se, em 24 a 72 horas, o enegrecimento, o ressecamento e o desprendimento do sarcoide. O uso da seiva de Euphorbia tirucalli apresentou 87,5% de eficácia no tratamento de sarcoide, e foram observados efeitos adversos nos sete animais em que a técnica se mostrou eficaz. Os equinos tratados foram acompanhados no intervalo de três mês a sete anos e nenhum apresentou recidivas do tumor. A aplicação intralesional da seiva da Euphorbia tirucalli se apresentou eficaz, segura e de baixo custo no tratamento de sarcoide em equinos, sendo uma alternativa viável para esse tipo de neoplasia cutânea.

Sarcoide em equinos - tratamento com associação de Aciclovir e excisão cirúrgica / Equine sarcoids - treatment with a combination of Acyclovir and surgical excision

Background: Sarcoids are the most frequent skin tumors among horses, causing serious lesions due to their different shapes, sizes, degree of invasiveness and distribution on the body. The pathogenesis of sarcoids is multifactorial, with genetic, viral and environmental involvement, making their treatment complex. The aggressiveness and high rate of recurrence of sarcoids makes it difficult to use an effective treatment, which is why there are several therapeutic routes described in the literature. Aiming to describe and expand sarcoid treatments, this paper reports on the use of acyclovir in the treatment of this type of tumor. Cases: Four horses sent to the Large Animal Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Lavras - UFLA were diagnosed and treated for sarcoids. Case 1. Lesions on the right ear, region of the masseter muscle of the right side of the face, neck, vulva and medial aspect of the left pelvic limb. Case 2. Lesion in the left groin region. Case 3. Lesions on the face, masseter muscle region on the left side, mandibular region and right ear pinna. Case 4. Lesion in the lateral region of the left pelvic limb, close to the tarsometatarsal joint. All horses had a diagnosis of sarcoid, which was confirmed by histopathological examination of material collected after surgical excision. Macroscopically, the neoplastic lesions were classified as fibroblastic, verrucous and nodular. The tumors exhibited irregular surfaces, keratinization, and a firm consistency. Their surfaces were alopecic, slightly rough, some of them were ulcerated, and their color ranged from greyish to rosy and reddish. All the tumor masses were surgically excised from the 4 horses, and one sarcoid was treated by thermal cauterization with liquid nitrogen due to the lesion's depth and size. In most cases, the sarcoid removal sites were closed with sutures. Only 2 lesions were not sutured due to the impossibility of bringing the edges of tissue close together, or due to proximity to the tarsometatarsal joint. The surgical wounds were cleaned twice a day with sterile saline solution followed by the topical application of Acyclovir. One of the animals received complementary therapy with Cimetidine. Discussion: The equines recovered completely from their sarcoid treatment, and no recurrences were reported a year later. Thus, the combination of treatments employed for the extirpation of sarcoids proved to have greater chances of success. First, all the tumors were surgically removed with the largest possible margins of safety in order to ensure the elimination of neoplastic cells. In the postoperative period, all the animals received topical treatment of the lesions with acyclovir after surgical resection of the tumors. The drug aided the complete healing of post-surgical wounds, and healing time varied according to the size and depth of the lesion. One tumor was treated with liquid nitrogen after surgical excision of the sarcoid. Another horse was treated with cimetidine over a 3-month period after surgical excision of the neoplasm in order to reduce the sarcoid and prevent its evolution. Surgical excision of the sarcoid associated with topical application of acyclovir ointment showed satisfactory results. Moreover, the combination of surgical excision and administration of liquid nitrogen on the lesion and topical application of acyclovir ointment in the postoperative period also provided good results. Given the complexity of sarcoid treatment and the high recurrence rate of these tumors, the use of combined treatments should be taken into account.

Retrospective study of cutaneous neoplasms in horses treated at the Livestock Development Center of the Federal University of Bahia / Estudo retrospectivo das neoplasias cutâneas em equinos atendidos no Centro de Desenvolvimento da Pecuária da Universidade Federal da Bahia

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of cutaneous neoplasms in horses treated at the Center for the Development of Livestock at the Federal University of Bahia, as well as to correlate it with the coat color, breed, and age of the animal. For that, the attendance records for the last ten years were reviewed. When evaluating the files, 13 cases of cutaneous tumor in horses confirmed by histopathology and cytology were observed. The most prevalent skin tumors were sarcoid (38.5%), melanoma (23%), and fibrosarcoma (15.4%). Regarding the equine coat color, gray and sorrel horses were the most frequent with 30.7% and 23.1% of cases, respectively. As for the equine breed, the mangalarga marchador was the most prevalent (38.4%). Regarding age, 38.46% of the horses were up to 5 years old, 30.77% of the animals were between 4 and 10 years old, and 30.76% were between 11 and 16 years old. In the end, it can be concluded that sarcoid and melanoma were the most prevalent neoplasms.

Objetivou-se com este trabalho determinar a prevalência de neoplasias cutâneas em equinos atendidos no Centro de Desenvolvimento da Pecuária da Universidade Federal da Bahia, bem como correlaciona-la com a pelagem, raça e idade do animal. Para tanto revisou-se as fichas de atendimento dos últimos dez anos. Ao avaliar as fichas, observou-se 13 casos de tumor cutâneo em equinos confirmado por histopatologia ou citologia. Os tumores cutâneos mais prevalentes foram sarcoide (38,5%), melanoma (23%) e fibrossarcoma (15,4%). Com relação a pelagem, equinos tordilhos e alazões foram os mais frequentes com 30,7% e 23,1% dos casos, respectivamente. Quanto as raças, a mangalarga marchador foi a mais prevalente (38,4%). Em relação a idade, 38,46% dos equinos possuíam até 5 anos de idade, 30,77% dos animais apresentavam idade entre 4 e 10 anos e, 30,76% apresentavam idade entre 11 e 16 anos. Ao fim, pode-se concluir que o sarcoide e o melanoma foram as neoplasias mais prevalentes.

Feline sarcoid: case report / Sarcóide Felino: relato de caso

It was aimed to describe the clinical and histopathological characteristics of a case of sarcoid tumor in an adult, mixed-breed female cat, with a history of a small increase of volume on the ear. At physical examination, no alteration was found with the exception of the presence of a rounded dermal nodule of 3.0 x 1.5 x 0.5 cm, ulcerated, well-circumscribed, pedunculated, pinkish, solid-elastic, mobile and painless, located on the skin of the border of the auricular pavilion. In the cytological examination of the nodule, the involvement of a benign mesenchymal neoplasia was found. Furthermore, alterations in the hematological examinations were not observed, nor in the imaging tests, and the serological analyses for infection by the leukemia and immunodeficiency were negative. The surgical excision of the nodule was performed, and then the nodule was submitted to histopathologic examination. Microscopically, was verified superficial and deep dermis distended by a non-encapsulated nodule, covered by intact skin, constituted by fibroblasts disposed in random beams predominantly spaced, at times, interspersed by collagen fibers; epidermis with focally extensive acanthosis, projecting papillae in the direction of the superficial dermis. Furthermore, was observed accentuated orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis and, in occasional vessels, the presence of a discreet lymphoplasmocitary

Objetivou-se descrever as características clínicas e histopatológicas de um caso de sarcoide em uma gata, adulta, sem raça definida, com histórico de pequeno aumento de volume na orelha. Ao exame físico, não constatou-se nenhuma alteração à exceção da presença de um nódulo dérmico arredondado de 3,0 x 1,5 x 0,5 cm, ulcerado, de circunferência circunscrita, pedunculado, rosado, firme-elástico, móvel e indolor, localizado na pele da borda do pavilhão auricular. Ao exame citológico do nódulo, constatou-se o envolvimento de uma neoplasia mesenquimal benigna. Ademais, não foram observadas alterações nos exames hematológicos, nem de imagem e as análises sorológicas para infecção pelo vírus da leucemia e imunodeficiência foram negativas. Procedeu-se com a excisão cirúrgica do nódulo, o qual foi submetido a exame histopatológico. Microscopicamente, verificou-se derme superficial e profunda distendida por nódulo não encapsulado, revestido por pele íntegra, constituído por fibroblastos dispostos em feixes aleatórios predominantemente espaçados e, por vezes, entremeados por fibras colágenas; epiderme com acantose focalmente extensa, projetando papilas em direção à derme superficial. Ademais, observou-se hiperqueratose ortoqueratótica acentuada e, em ocasionais vasos, presença de discreto infiltrado linfoplasmocitário e área focal de hemorragia, compatível com sarcoide felino. Decorridos 11 meses após a conchectomia, não constatou-se recidivas. Este relato alerta a necessidade de incluir esta neoplasia nos diagnósticos diferenciais de neoformações cutâneas em gatos com as características supracitadas.

Feline sarcoid: case report / Sarcóide Felino: relato de caso

It was aimed to describe the clinical and histopathological characteristics of a case of sarcoid tumor in an adult, mixed-breed female cat, with a history of a small increase of volume on the ear. At physical examination, no alteration was found with the exception of the presence of a rounded dermal nodule of 3.0 x 1.5 x 0.5 cm, ulcerated, well-circumscribed, pedunculated, pinkish, solid-elastic, mobile and painless, located on the skin of the border of the auricular pavilion. In the cytological examination of the nodule, the involvement of a benign mesenchymal neoplasia was found. Furthermore, alterations in the hematological examinations were not observed, nor in the imaging tests, and the serological analyses for infection by the leukemia and immunodeficiency were negative. The surgical excision of the nodule was performed, and then the nodule was submitted to histopathologic examination. Microscopically, was verified superficial and deep dermis distended by a non-encapsulated nodule, covered by intact skin, constituted by fibroblasts disposed in random beams predominantly spaced, at times, interspersed by collagen fibers; epidermis with focally extensive acanthosis, projecting papillae in the direction of the superficial dermis. Furthermore, was observed accentuated orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis and, in occasional vessels, the presence of a discreet lymphoplasmocitary(AU)i

Objetivou-se descrever as características clínicas e histopatológicas de um caso de sarcoide em uma gata, adulta, sem raça definida, com histórico de pequeno aumento de volume na orelha. Ao exame físico, não constatou-se nenhuma alteração à exceção da presença de um nódulo dérmico arredondado de 3,0 x 1,5 x 0,5 cm, ulcerado, de circunferência circunscrita, pedunculado, rosado, firme-elástico, móvel e indolor, localizado na pele da borda do pavilhão auricular. Ao exame citológico do nódulo, constatou-se o envolvimento de uma neoplasia mesenquimal benigna. Ademais, não foram observadas alterações nos exames hematológicos, nem de imagem e as análises sorológicas para infecção pelo vírus da leucemia e imunodeficiência foram negativas. Procedeu-se com a excisão cirúrgica do nódulo, o qual foi submetido a exame histopatológico. Microscopicamente, verificou-se derme superficial e profunda distendida por nódulo não encapsulado, revestido por pele íntegra, constituído por fibroblastos dispostos em feixes aleatórios predominantemente espaçados e, por vezes, entremeados por fibras colágenas; epiderme com acantose focalmente extensa, projetando papilas em direção à derme superficial. Ademais, observou-se hiperqueratose ortoqueratótica acentuada e, em ocasionais vasos, presença de discreto infiltrado linfoplasmocitário e área focal de hemorragia, compatível com sarcoide felino. Decorridos 11 meses após a conchectomia, não constatou-se recidivas. Este relato alerta a necessidade de incluir esta neoplasia nos diagnósticos diferenciais de neoformações cutâneas em gatos com as características supracitadas.(AU)

Características clínicas, histopatológicas e imuno-histoquímicas do mastocitoma cutâneo equino: relato de caso / Clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical chacteristics ofequine cutaneous mastocytoma: case report

Uma égua puro sangue árabe, com 3 anos de idade, pertencente ao rebanho experimental da FMVZ-USP apresentou lesões tumorais cutâneas nos membros pélvicos direito e esquerdo com aproximadamente um ano de evolução. Notou-se nova formação cutânea com crescimento rápido na região do pescoço, e desde então, as lesões dos membros ganharam características inflamatórias. Foi realizada punção aspirativa da lesão do pescoço para análise citológica, em que se identificou infiltrado eosinofílico. Optou-se pelo início de tratamento conservativo com três infiltrações intralesionais consecutivas com corticoesteroide. A partir da falta de sucesso das infiltrações foram realizadas as excisões cirúrgicas totais dos nódulos do pescoço, membro pélvico direito e esquerdo. Todos os materiais obtidos dos procedimentos cirúrgicos foram enviados para avaliação histopatológica e imuno-histoquímica, nas quais se confirmou o diagnóstico de mastocitoma cutâneo. O animal recebeu alta após a cicatrização das feridas cirúrgicas e remissão dos sinais, e não demonstrou recidivas ou outras complicações advindas das lesões tumorais. Algumas neoplasias cutâneas são bem descritas e de comum ocorrência na espécie equina, como o sarcoide, melanoma, papiloma e tumor de células escamosas. Já o mastocitoma cutâneo consiste em neoplasia cutânea rara nessa espécie. Segundo a literatura, não parece existir uma predileção racial para o aparecimento deste tumor, entretanto, alguns autores citam o acometimento maior nos animais Puro Sangue Árabe. Para o estabelecimento do diagnóstico definitivo é importante a associação dos exames físico, histopatológico e imuno-histoquímico e, apesar desta neoplasia ser de raro aparecimento nos equinos, deve ser sempre considerada como diagnóstico diferencial.(AU)

A 3 year-old mare, Arab, that belongs to the experimental herd of FMVZ-USP presented cutaneous tumor lesions on right and left posterior limb with approximately one year of evolution. A new formation with rapid growth was observed on the neck region, and since then, the limbs lesion gained inflammatory characteristics. Aspirative punction was performed on the neck formation in order to submit the sample to cytological analyses, in which eosinophilic infiltrate was identified. At this point, a conservative approach was chosen with three consecutive corticoid infiltrations. With lack of success of infiltrative therapy, neck, right and left posterior limbs lesions were surgically removed. The materials obtained from surgical procedures were sent to histophatological and immunohistrochemical evaluation that confirmed cutaneous mastocytoma diagnosis. The mare was discharged after all surgical wound were healed and after full remission of clinical signs, and did not show relapses or any other complication from tumor lesions. Some cutaneous tumors are well described and commonly occur in horses, such as sarcoids, melanoma, papilloma and squamous cell carcinoma. Cutaneous mastocytoma is considered a rare cutaneous tumor in this species. According to literature, equine mastocytoma do not have breed predilection, however, some authors mention a greater involvement in Purebreed Arabian horses. In order to establish a definitive diagnosis, it is important to associate physical exams to histophatological an immunohistochemical evaluation and, even though rare in horses, this neoplasm must be considered as a differential diagnosis.(AU)

Características clínicas, histopatológicas e imuno-histoquímicas do mastocitoma cutâneo equino: relato de caso / Clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical chacteristics ofequine cutaneous mastocytoma: case report

Uma égua puro sangue árabe, com 3 anos de idade, pertencente ao rebanho experimental da FMVZ-USP apresentou lesões tumorais cutâneas nos membros pélvicos direito e esquerdo com aproximadamente um ano de evolução. Notou-se nova formação cutânea com crescimento rápido na região do pescoço, e desde então, as lesões dos membros ganharam características inflamatórias. Foi realizada punção aspirativa da lesão do pescoço para análise citológica, em que se identificou infiltrado eosinofílico. Optou-se pelo início de tratamento conservativo com três infiltrações intralesionais consecutivas com corticoesteroide. A partir da falta de sucesso das infiltrações foram realizadas as excisões cirúrgicas totais dos nódulos do pescoço, membro pélvico direito e esquerdo. Todos os materiais obtidos dos procedimentos cirúrgicos foram enviados para avaliação histopatológica e imuno-histoquímica, nas quais se confirmou o diagnóstico de mastocitoma cutâneo. O animal recebeu alta após a cicatrização das feridas cirúrgicas e remissão dos sinais, e não demonstrou recidivas ou outras complicações advindas das lesões tumorais. Algumas neoplasias cutâneas são bem descritas e de comum ocorrência na espécie equina, como o sarcoide, melanoma, papiloma e tumor de células escamosas. Já o mastocitoma cutâneo consiste em neoplasia cutânea rara nessa espécie. Segundo a literatura, não parece existir uma predileção racial para o aparecimento deste tumor, entretanto, alguns autores citam o acometimento maior nos animais Puro Sangue Árabe. Para o estabelecimento do diagnóstico definitivo é importante a associação dos exames físico, histopatológico e imuno-histoquímico e, apesar desta neoplasia ser de raro aparecimento nos equinos, deve ser sempre considerada como diagnóstico diferencial.

A 3 year-old mare, Arab, that belongs to the experimental herd of FMVZ-USP presented cutaneous tumor lesions on right and left posterior limb with approximately one year of evolution. A new formation with rapid growth was observed on the neck region, and since then, the limbs lesion gained inflammatory characteristics. Aspirative punction was performed on the neck formation in order to submit the sample to cytological analyses, in which eosinophilic infiltrate was identified. At this point, a conservative approach was chosen with three consecutive corticoid infiltrations. With lack of success of infiltrative therapy, neck, right and left posterior limbs lesions were surgically removed. The materials obtained from surgical procedures were sent to histophatological and immunohistrochemical evaluation that confirmed cutaneous mastocytoma diagnosis. The mare was discharged after all surgical wound were healed and after full remission of clinical signs, and did not show relapses or any other complication from tumor lesions. Some cutaneous tumors are well described and commonly occur in horses, such as sarcoids, melanoma, papilloma and squamous cell carcinoma. Cutaneous mastocytoma is considered a rare cutaneous tumor in this species. According to literature, equine mastocytoma do not have breed predilection, however, some authors mention a greater involvement in Purebreed Arabian horses. In order to establish a definitive diagnosis, it is important to associate physical exams to histophatological an immunohistochemical evaluation and, even though rare in horses, this neoplasm must be considered as a differential diagnosis.

Clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical chacteristics of equine cutaneous mastocytoma: case report / Características clínicas, histopatológicas e imuno-histoquímicas do mastocitoma cutâneo equino: relato de caso

A 3 year-old mare, Arab, that belongs to the experimental herd of FMVZ-USP presented cutaneous tumor lesions on right and left posterior limb with approximately one year of evolution. A new formation with rapid growth was observed on the neck region, and since then, the limbs lesion gained inflammatory characteristics. Aspirative punction was performed on the neck formation in order to submit the sample to cytological analyses, in which eosinophilic infiltrate was identified. At this point, a conservative approach was chosen with three consecutive corticoid infiltrations. With lack of success of infiltrative therapy, neck, right and left posterior limbs lesions were surgically removed. The material obtained from surgical procedures were sent to histophatological and immunohistrochemical evaluation, that confirmed cutaneous mastocytoma diagnosis. The mare was discharged after all surgical wound were healed and after full remission of clinical signs, and did not show relapses or any other complication from tumor lesions. Some cutaneous tumors are well described and commonly occur in horses, such as sarcoids, melanoma, papilloma and squamous cell carcinoma. Cutaneous mastocytoma is considered a rare cutaneous tumor in this species. According to literature, equine mastocytoma do not have breed predilection, however, some authors mention a greater involvement in Purebreed Arabian horses. In order to establish a definitive diagnosis, it is important to associate physical exams to histophatological an immunohistochemical evaluation and, even though rare in horses, this neoplasm must be considered as a differential diagnosis.

Uma égua puro sangue árabe, com 3 anos de idade, pertencente ao rebanho experimental da FMVZ-USP apresentou lesões tumorais cutâneas nos membros pélvicos direito e esquerdo com aproximadamente um ano de evolução. Notou-se nova formação cutânea com crescimento rápido na região do pescoço, e desde então, as lesões dos membros ganharam características inflamatórias. Foi realizada punção aspirativa da lesão do pescoço para análise citológica, em que se identificou infiltrado eosinofílico. Optou-se pelo início de tratamento conservativo com três infiltrações intralesionais consecutivas com corticoesteroide. A partir da falta de sucesso das infiltrações foram realizadas as excisões cirúrgicas totais dos nódulos do pescoço, membro pélvico direito e esquerdo. Todos os materiais obtidos dos procedimentos cirúrgicos foram enviados para avaliação histopatológica e imuno-histoquímica, nas quais se confirmou o diagnóstico de mastocitoma cutâneo. O animal recebeu alta após a cicatrização das feridas cirúrgicas e remissão dos sinais, e não demonstrou recidivas ou outras complicações advindas das lesões tumorais. Algumas neoplasias cutâneas são bem descritas e de comum ocorrência na espécie equina, como o sarcoide, melanoma, papiloma e tumor de células escamosas. Já o mastocitoma cutâneo consiste em neoplasia cutânea rara nessa espécie. Segundo a literatura, não parece existir uma predileção racial para o aparecimento deste tumor, entretanto, alguns autores citam o acometimento maior nos animais Puro Sangue Árabe. Para o estabelecimento do diagnóstico definitivo é importante a associação dos exames físico, histopatológico e imuno-histoquímico e, apesar desta neoplasia ser de raro aparecimento nos equinos, deve ser sempre considerada como diagnóstico diferencial.

Sarcoid associated with infection by Habronema spp. in equines in Brazil / Sarcoide associado à infecção por Habronema spp. em equinos no Brasil

Background: Equine sarcoid, supposed to be caused by infection with bovine papillomavirus type 1 or 2, is usually observed in previously traumatized skin areas, including lesions of habronemosis due to inoculation of third stage larvae in ulcerated wounds by Musca domestica or Stomoxys calcitrans. Little is known about the occurrence of diseases associated with equine sarcoid, mainly because limitations on clinical diagnosis, due to the different skin diseases that have to be considered as differential diagnoses. This report aimed to describe three cases of equine sarcoid associated with habronemosis in horses in the semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil. Cases: Three cases of sarcoid associated with habronemosis in equines were diagnosed at the Animal Pathology Laboratory of the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba. Case 1. A 5-year-old female showed in the ventral branch of the mandible a nodule of 3 cm in diameter, partially covered with skin and hair intercepted by areas of irregular surface with yellow-red ulcerations. The cut surface was formed by whitish and firm tissue. Case 2. It was a biopsy from a 4-year-old mare, who was not informed of the macroscopic characteristics of the lesion. Case 3. A 5-year-old horse presenting a nodular mass in the region of the tarsal-metatarsal joint, measuring 8.0x5.0x3.0 cm with an irregular [...]

Sarcoid associated with infection by Habronema spp. in equines in Brazil / Sarcoide associado à infecção por Habronema spp. em equinos no Brasil

Background: Equine sarcoid, supposed to be caused by infection with bovine papillomavirus type 1 or 2, is usually observed in previously traumatized skin areas, including lesions of habronemosis due to inoculation of third stage larvae in ulcerated wounds by Musca domestica or Stomoxys calcitrans. Little is known about the occurrence of diseases associated with equine sarcoid, mainly because limitations on clinical diagnosis, due to the different skin diseases that have to be considered as differential diagnoses. This report aimed to describe three cases of equine sarcoid associated with habronemosis in horses in the semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil. Cases: Three cases of sarcoid associated with habronemosis in equines were diagnosed at the Animal Pathology Laboratory of the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba. Case 1. A 5-year-old female showed in the ventral branch of the mandible a nodule of 3 cm in diameter, partially covered with skin and hair intercepted by areas of irregular surface with yellow-red ulcerations. The cut surface was formed by whitish and firm tissue. Case 2. It was a biopsy from a 4-year-old mare, who was not informed of the macroscopic characteristics of the lesion. Case 3. A 5-year-old horse presenting a nodular mass in the region of the tarsal-metatarsal joint, measuring 8.0x5.0x3.0 cm with an irregular [...](AU)

Neoplasias em equinos, asininos e muares

Os equinos, asininos e muares têm importante participação na economia e as neoplasias nestas espécies são importantes causas de perdas econômicas. As neoplasias em equídeos são diagnosticadas através de necropsias e biópsias, sendo o principal sistema afetado o tegumentar, principalmente em decorrência do sarcoide. No entanto é importante incluir neoplasias de outros sistemas, inclusive em órgãos internos como importantes diagnósticos diferenciais que causam debilidade e podem até levar a morte. Esta dissertação foi elaborada em dois capítulos, compostos por dois artigos originais. O primeiro a ser submetido à revista Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira relata a frequência de tumores diagnosticados em nove sistemas primários de equídeos, descrevendo aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e patológicos. Foram diagnosticadas 186 neoplasias em 167 equídeos. O sistema mais afetado foi o tegumentar seguindo do reprodutor masculino e feminino, ocular/periocular, respiratório, digestório, hepático, nervoso e hematopoiético. A neoplasia mais diagnosticada foi o sarcoide, seguida do carcinoma de células escamosas e melanoma. Metástases ocorreram em 14 casos e os sinais clínicos foram variáveis de acordo com a localização anatômica. O segundo artigo será submetido à Journal of Equine Veterinary Science e descreve-se três casos de tumor das células da granulosa diagnosticados em éguas, abordando os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e patológicos. As éguas apresentavam alterações comportamentais e reprodutivos como infertilidade, repetição de cio (ninfomania), comportamento de garanhão (virilidade), indiferença ao garanhão e ausência de sinais de estro. As neoplasias foram visualizados através da ultrassonografia e removidos cirurgicamente pela ovariectomia e enviados para exames histopatológicos. Macroscopicamente as massas variavam de 9 a 20 cm de diâmetro, eram firmes e bem delimitadas com superfícies lisas e ao corte observou-se múltiplas cavidades císticas circundadas por trabéculas de tecido amarelo-esbranquiçado e firmes. Microscopicamente observou-se massas multilobuladas, bem delimitadas, compostas por células dispostas em ninhos semelhantes a folículos abortados ou formando cistos, apoiadas em moderado estroma fibrocolagenoso. Pseudorosetas foram observadas. Na neoplasia da égua 2, observou-se formações semelhantes a túbulos de sertoli e células semelhantes a células de Leydig. Na imuno-histoquímica, houve marcação pela inibina e vimetina, de células da granulosa maduras e neoplásicas que compunham os ninhos e revestiam cistos. Após a cirurgia, a égua 1 não exibiu mais as alterações comportamentais, apresentou cio duas vezes, ficou prenhe e abortou. A égua 3 também ficou prenhe e pariu a termo. Não há informações referentes a éguas 2 após a cirurgia. Foi possível constatar com esta dissertação que embora a maioria das neoplasias diagnosticadas em equídeos no Laboratório de Patologia Animal do Hospital Veterinário Universitário da UFCG, envolvam órgãos relacionados ao tegumento, neoplasias que acometem órgãos internos ocorrem esporadicamente e é importante incluí-las como diagnósticos diferenciais.

Horses, donkeys and mules play an important role in the economy and neoplasms in these species are important causes of economic losses. Neoplasms in equines are diagnosed through necropsies and biopsies, with the integumentary system being the main affected system, mainly due to the sarcoid. However, it is important to include neoplasms from other systems, including internal organs as important differential diagnoses that cause debility and can even lead to death. This dissertation was elaborated in two chapters, composed by two original articles. The first to be submitted to the journal Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira reports the frequency of tumors diagnosed in nine primary equine systems, describing epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects. 186 neoplasms were diagnosed in 167 horses. The most affected system was the integumentary, followed by the male and female, ocular/periocular, respiratory, digestive, hepatic, nervous and hematopoietic systems. The most diagnosed neoplasm was sarcoid, followed by squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma. Metastases occurred in 14 cases and clinical signs varied according to anatomical location. The second article will be submitted to the Journal of Equine Veterinary Science and describes three cases of granulosa cell tumor diagnosed in mares, addressing the epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects. The mares showed behavioral and reproductive changes such as infertility, repetition of heat (nymphomania), stallion behavior (virility), indifference to the stallion and absence of signs of estrus. The neoplasms were visualized through ultrasonography and surgically removed by ovariectomy and sent for histopathological exams. Macroscopically, as masses ranged from 9 to 20 cm in diameter, they were firm and well delimited with smooth surfaces and, when cut, multiple cystic cavities surrounded by firm yellow-white tissue trabeculae were observed. Microscopically, well-delimited, multilobulated masses were observed, composed of cells arranged in nests similar to aborted follicles or forming cysts, supported by a moderate fibrocollagenous stroma. Pseudorosettes were observed. In mare 2 neoplasm, formations similar to sertoli tubules and cells similar to Leydig cells were observed. In immunohistochemistry, there was inhibin and vimetin marking of mature and neoplastic granulosa cells that made up the nests and lined the cysts. After surgery, mare 1 no longer exhibited behavioral changes, presented heat twice, became pregnant and miscarried. Mare 3 also became pregnant and gave birth to term. There is no information regarding mares 2 after surgery. It was possible to verify with this dissertation that although most neoplasms diagnosed in horses in the Animal Pathology Laboratory of the University Veterinary Hospital of UFCG involve organs related to the integument, neoplasms that affect internal organs occur sporadically and it is important to include them as differential diagnoses.

A retrospective evaluation of equine cutaneous lesions diagnosed in Southern Brazil

Background: Cutaneous lesions in horses are common, accounting for approximately 50% of all neoplasms of this species, and can cause irritability, pruritus and predispose to secondary infections. Studies have provided information of frequency of cutaneous neoplasms in horses, but few included non-neoplastic lesions. The aim of this study is to identify the frequency of cutaneous lesions in horses diagnosed in Southern Brazil, through a retrospective study and identification of the anatomic location of the lesion, the breed, gender and age of the animals affected. Materials, Methods & Results: A retrospective study on skin lesions in horses using the database of the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory located in Southern Brazil was carried out from January 2000 to February 2013. Cases were searched for and selected by diagnosis, considering age, breed, gender, location and time of occurrence. The most common lesions included sarcoid, exuberant granulation tissue, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), pythiosis, habronemiasis, melanoma, papillomatosis and Culicoides hypersensitivity. The most affected age range for sarcoid was animals from 1 to 5 years of age and for SCC was over 15 years of age. There was a positive association between sarcoid occurrence and being female and between SCC and habronemiasis and being male. Sarcoid, exuberant granulation tissue, pythiosis and habronemiasis[...](AU)

A retrospective evaluation of equine cutaneous lesions diagnosed in Southern Brazil

Background: Cutaneous lesions in horses are common, accounting for approximately 50% of all neoplasms of this species, and can cause irritability, pruritus and predispose to secondary infections. Studies have provided information of frequency of cutaneous neoplasms in horses, but few included non-neoplastic lesions. The aim of this study is to identify the frequency of cutaneous lesions in horses diagnosed in Southern Brazil, through a retrospective study and identification of the anatomic location of the lesion, the breed, gender and age of the animals affected. Materials, Methods & Results: A retrospective study on skin lesions in horses using the database of the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory located in Southern Brazil was carried out from January 2000 to February 2013. Cases were searched for and selected by diagnosis, considering age, breed, gender, location and time of occurrence. The most common lesions included sarcoid, exuberant granulation tissue, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), pythiosis, habronemiasis, melanoma, papillomatosis and Culicoides hypersensitivity. The most affected age range for sarcoid was animals from 1 to 5 years of age and for SCC was over 15 years of age. There was a positive association between sarcoid occurrence and being female and between SCC and habronemiasis and being male. Sarcoid, exuberant granulation tissue, pythiosis and habronemiasis[...]

Sarcoide equino: revisão de literatura / Equine sarcoid: literature review / Sarcoide equino: revisión de literatura

Entre todas as especialidades veterinárias, a dermatologia e a oncologia vêm se destacado. Nos equinos, além de causar problemas econômicos, as lesões de pele são um importante problema estético. A pele é o local mais comum de neoplasmas em equinos, perfazendo aproximadamente 50% de todos os tumores. Entre os principais destacam-se sarcoide, carcinoma de células escamosas, papiloma e melanoma. O sarcoide é a neoplasia cutânea mais frequente em equinos, e corresponde a um terço de todos os tumores descritos nesta espécie.Clinicamente são classificados em seis tipos: verrucoso, superficial, nodular, fibroblástico, maligno ou misto. O diagnóstico é dado mediante biopsia da pele e estudo histopatológico. A ligadura, remoção cirúrgica, criocirurgia, cirurgia a laser, eletroquimioterapia com uso de cisplatina intralesional, uso de BCG, radioterapia e uso tópico de aciclovir são opções de técnicas de tratamentos de tumores. O protocolo de tratamento deve ser escolhido com critérios pelo veterinário, já que para cada protocolo existem indicações diferentes e eficácias variáveis, que dependem do tipo de tumor, tamanho e sua localização. Esta revisão visa a descrever técnicas de tratamentos disponíveis na literatura para o sarcoide equino, além de esclarecer a etiologia, suas características histológicas e aspectos clínicos para melhor abordagem no diagnóstico desta neoplasia. De acordo com o descrito na literatura, o sarcoide equino é a neoplasia cutânea mais frequente na rotina clínica, o que determinou a escolha desta revisão, possibilitando, assim, um maior conhecimento acerca dessa afecção e dos tratamentos disponíveis no mercado.(AU)

Among all veterinary specialties, dermatology and oncology have stood out lately. In horses, besides causing economic problems, skin lesions are a major aesthetic issue. The skin is the most common place for neoplasms in horses, making up about 50% of all tumors. Among the main ones, there are sarcoid, squamous cell carcinoma, papilloma and melanoma. Sarcoid is the most common skin neoplasia in horses, and corresponds to a third of all tumors reported in this species. They are clinically classified into six types: verrucous, superficial, nodular, fibroblastic, malignant or mixed. Diagnosis is made through skin biopsy and histopathology. Bandage, surgical removal, cryosurgery, laser surgery, electrochemotherapy with intralesional cisplatin, use of BCG, radiotherapy and topical acyclovir are techniques for tumor treatments. The treatment protocol should be carefully chosen by the veterinarian, since for each protocol there are different indications and efficacy variables, depending on the tumor type, size and location. This review aims to describe techniques available in literature for the treatment of equine sarcoid as well as the etiology, clinical features and histologic aspects for the best approach in the diagnosis of this neoplasm. According to literature, equine sarcoid is the most frequent skin cancer in clinical routine, which has determined the choice of this review, enabling a greater knowledge about this disease and the treatments available.(AU)

Entre todas las especialidades veterinarias, la dermatología y oncología se han destacado. En los equinos, además de causar problemas económicos, lesiones de la piel son un problema estético importante. La piel es el sitio más común de las neoplasias en equinos, que comprenden aproximadamente el 50% de todos los tumores. Entre los principales se destacan sarcoide, carcinoma de células escamosas, papiloma y melanoma. El sarcoide es la neoplasia más frecuente en equinos, y corresponde a un tercio de todos los tumores reportados en esta especie. Clínicamente se clasifican en seis tipos: verrugosas, superficiales, nodulares, fibroblastos, maligno o mezclado. El diagnóstico es dado a través de biopsia de la piel y estudio histopatológico. El vendaje, la extirpación quirúrgica, criocirugía, la cirugía a láser, electro quimioterapia intralesional con cisplatino, uso de BCG, radioterapia y aciclovir tópico son opciones de técnicas para tratamiento de tumores. El protocolo de tratamiento debe ser elegido con criterio por el veterinario, ya que para cada protocolo hay diferentes indicaciones y variable de eficacia, dependiendo del tipo de tumor, tamaño y ubicación. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo describir las técnicas de tratamientos disponibles en la literatura para sarcoide equino, además de aclarar la etiología, sus características histológicas y aspectos clínicos para mejor enfoque en el diagnóstico de la neoplasia. De acuerdo con el descrito en la literatura, el sarcoide equino es la neoplasia cutánea más frecuente en la rutina clínica, lo que ha determinado la elección de esta revisión, permitiendo mayor conocimiento acerca de esa enfermedad y los tratamientos disponibles en el mercado.(AU)

Equine dermatopathies in southern Brazil: a study of 710 cases / Dermatopatias em equinos na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul: estudo de 710 casos

A retrospective study of equine skin diseases diagnosed in the Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas was conducted between 1978 and 2013. The necropsy and biopsy protocols for horses received for diagnosis were reviewed to determine the prevalence of dermatopathies in southern Brazil. The most prevalent skin diseases in decreasing order were: sarcoid [234/710 (32.9%)], exuberant granulation tissue [81/710 (11.4%)], pythiosis [67/710 (9.4%)], squamous cell carcinoma [55/710 (7.7%)], papillomatosis [33/710 (4.6%)] and habronemiasis [30/710 (4.2%)]. Other skin lesions accounted for 25.3% of all cases studied. The Crioulo breed was the most prevalent [310/710 (43.6%)]. Horses aged between 2-5 years old [230/710 (32.3%)] were the most frequently affected. The data obtained in this study demonstrate the importance of skin diseases that affect horses in southern Brazil. The most of the dermatopathies observed in horses, although not resulting in death could cause aesthetic damage resulting in animal rejection, the inability to participate in collective sports activities and economic losses due to treatment and surgery costs.(AU)

Realizou-se estudo retrospectivo das doenças de pele observadas em equinos no Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico da Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, entre 1978 e 2013, com o objetivo de determinar a prevalência das dermatopatias que ocorrem em equinos na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul. As doenças de pele mais prevalentes em ordem decrescente foram: sarcoide [234/710 (32,96%)], tecido de granulação exuberante [81/710 (11,4%)], pitiose [67/710 (9,4%)], carcinoma de células escamosas [55/710 (7,7%)], papilomatose [33/710 (4,6%)] e habronemose [30/710 (4,2%)]. As outras doenças de pele juntas corresponderam a 25,3% de todos os casos estudados. A raça Crioula foi a mais acometida [310/710 (43,6%)]. Os animais mais afetados tinham entre 2-5 anos de idade [230/710 (32,3%)]. Com os dados obtidos, foi demonstrada a importância das dermatopatias que afetam equinos na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul. A maioria das enfermidades cutâneas diagnosticadas, apesar de não causar a morte dos animais, compromete a estética que impossibilita a participação em feiras/exposições, além de causar perdas econômicas com gastos com tratamentos e cirurgias.(AU)

Caracterização molecular de DNA de Delta papillomavirus bovino (BPV1, 2 e 13) em sarcoides equinos / Molecular characterization of bovine Deltapapillomavirus (BPV1, 2, and 13) DNA in equine sarcoids

Sarcoides são tumores fibroblásticos, considerados os tumores de pele mais comuns em pele de equinos e que raramente apresentam regressão espontânea. Papilomavírus bovino (BPV) tipos 1 e 2 são relacionados com a patogenia do sarcoide e, provavelmente, o BPV tipo 13 (BPV13), recentemente descrito, também pode estar associado com a formação dessa lesão. Neste estudo, 20 amostras de lesões cutâneas, sendo 12 constituídas por tecidos frescos e 8 amostras de tecido fixado em formalina e embebido em parafina, provenientes de 15 cavalos foram utilizadas para a identificação do DNA de BPV. A análise histopatológica (HE) confirmou todas as lesões como sarcoide. Para a amplificação do DNA de papilomavírus (PV) foram realizadas três reações de PCR. Como triagem, os primers IFNR2/IDNT2 foram utilizados para amplificar um fragmento da ORF L1 do PV. O segundo par de primersutilizado é complementar a sequência dos genes E5 e L2 de BPVs 1, 2 e 13. O terceiro par de primers(FAP59/FAP64) utilizado tem o gene L1 como alvo. A primeira e a segunda PCRs permitiram amplificar produtos em todas as amostras avaliadas. Entretanto, na terceira reação, na qual foram utilizados os primers FAP, foi possível amplificar produtos com tamanho molecular esperado somente nas amostras constituídas por tecidos frescos. O sequenciamento de nucleotídeos e as análises filogenéticas realizadas nos fragmentos E5L2 resultaram na identificação de BPV1, 2 e 13 em 14 (70%), 2 (10%) e em 4 (20%) amostras de sarcoides, respectivamente. As amostras de sarcoides de um dos animais continha somente o DNA de BPV1. Entretanto, nas amostras provenientes do segundo cavalo foi possível identificar o DNA de três tipos de Deltapapillomavirus bovino (BPV1, 2 e 13) em lesões distintas. Este estudo ratifica a presença do DNA de BPV1, 2 e 13 em lesões de sarcoides em equinos, além de identificar três tipos de BPVs em um mesmo animal e descrever pela primeira vez no Brasil a presença de BPV1 e 2 nesse tipo de lesão.(AU)

Sarcoids are fibroblastic lesions, which are considered as the most common skin tumors of horses; spontaneous regression rarely occurs. The bovine papillomavirus (BPV) types 1 and 2 may be involved in the pathogenesis of sarcoids, and probably the recently described BPV type (BPV13) might be associated with the pathogenesis of this lesion. This study characterized the DNA of BPVs in sarcoids from 15 horses from Brazil by analyzing 20 cutaneous lesions (12 recently collected; 8 from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues). Histopathology confirmed the proliferative lesions as sarcoids. Three PCRs were performed to amplify papillomavirus (PV) DNA. For screening, the primers IFNR2/IDNT2 were used to amplify a fragment of the PV L1 ORF. The second primer set was complementary to a common sequence of the E5L2 genomic region of BPV1, 2, and 13. The third primer pair (FAP59/FAP64) targeted a fragment of the PVs L1 ORF. The screening and E5L2 PCRs yielded amplicons in all samples evaluated. The FAP amplicons identified BPV1, 2, and 13 only from fresh tissue samples. The phylogenetic analyses of E5L2 resulted in the identification of BPV1, 2, and 13 in 14 (70%), 2 (10%), and 4 (20%) sarcoids, respectively. Two horses demonstrated multiple lesions: the sarcoids of one of these contained only BPV1 DNA and those of the other contained three types of bovine Deltapapillomavirus (BPV1, 2, and 13). This study confirmed the presence of BPV1, 2, and 13 DNA in equine sarcoids. Moreover, these findings represent the first description of three types of BPV diagnosed in the same horse, as well as the first confirmation of BPV1 and 2 in horses from Brazil.(AU)

NEOPLASIAS EM ANIMAIS DE PRODUÇÃO, DIAGNOSTICADAS NO SETOR DE ANATOMIA PATOLÓGICA DA UFRRJ, NO PERÍODO DE 1947 A 2019.

O estudo das neoplasias em animais de produção é de extrema importância, uma vez que a sanidade animal é considerada fator limitante no desenvolvimento da produção animal. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar as neoplasias de bovinos, ovinos, caprinos, bubalinos, equinos, suínos, coelhos e galinhas, diagnosticadas no Setor de Anatomia Patológica da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (SAP/UFRRJ), durante um período de 72 anos de serviços de extensão (1947-2019). As ferramentas utilizadas para a confirmação e ou conclusão dos diagnósticos incluiu sinais clínicos, descrição macroscópica das lesões e exameshistológicos. Como auxílio utilizaram-se, em alguns casos, a imunohistoquímica e em um diagnóstico a microscopia eletrônica. Este estudo foi dividido em três capítulos: no capítulo I descreve-se 839 neoplasias em animais de produção, de acordo com o diagnóstico anatomopatológico relacionado à espécie afetada e ao sistema orgânico no qual a neoplasia se desenvolveu. Os bovinos apresentaram o maior número de diagnósticos (41,2%), seguido das galinhas (36,7%) equinos (13%), suínos (2,9%), coelhos (2,9%), bubalinos (1,6%), caprinos (1,6%) e ovino (0,1%). O carcinoma epidermoide foi a principal neoplasia diagnosticada em bovinos (37,6%), em caprinos (69,2%); na espécie ovina apenas um caso de neoplasia foi diagnosticado no período do estudo. As neoplasias do sistema hematopoiético destacaram-se nas galinhas, devido à alta frequência da leucose aviária (linfoide e mieloide) com 74,7%. Sarcoide equino e melanoma foram as duas neoplasias com maior frequência nos equinos, com 23,8% e 14,7%, respectivamente. Melanoma também foi destaque nos suínos com 58,3% e o sistema tegumentar apresentou a maior frequência de tumores em coelhos (37,7%). No capítulo II foram aprofundadas as descrições de 12 diagnósticos de neoplasias de bubalinos, a partir de amostras provenientes do estado do Pará. Desses 12, quatro casos foram diagnosticados como linfoma, dois como carcinoma epidermoide de pele, dois feocromocitomas , ambos metastáticos para órgãos abdominais e um caso de cada uma das seguintes neoplasias: neurofibroma na pele, leiomioma uterino, tecoma ovariano (estes dois últimos na mesma fêmea), e osteocondrossarcoma na cavidade nasal unilateral. O capítulo III versa sobre uma série de casos de mesoteliomas epitelioides malignos, do tipo tubulopapilar, em quatro vacas Red Sindi de 15 a 21 anos, do mesmo rebanho. Além dos sinais clínicos, macro e microscopia típica de mesotelioma, as células neoplásicas apresentaram forte e difusa imunomarcação citoplasmática para pan-citoqueratina, mas foram negativas para citoqueratina 7 e vimentina. Ultraestruturalmente, as células neoplásicas tinham microvilosidades delicadas e junções estreitas e de ancoragem.

The study of neoplasms in farm animals is extremely important, since animal health is considered a limiting factor in the development of animal production. The objective of this work was to study the neoplasms of cattle, sheep, goats, buffaloes, horses, pigs, rabbits and chickens, diagnosed in the Pathological Anatomy Sector of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (SAP / UFRRJ), during a period of 72 years of extension services (1947-2019). The tools used for the confirmation and / or conclusion of the diagnoses included clinical signs, macroscopic description of the lesions and histological exams. In some cases, immunohistochemistry was used as an aid and electron microscopy was used in a diagnosis. This study was divided into three chapters: chapter I describes 839 neoplasms in farm animals, according to the anatomopathological diagnosis related to the affected species and the organic system in which the neoplasia developed. The cattle showed the highest number of diagnoses (41.2%), followed by the hens (36.7%), horses (13%), swine (2.9%), rabbits (2.9%), buffaloes (1, 6%), goats (1.6%) and sheep (0.1%). Squamous cell carcinoma was the main cancer diagnosed in cattle (37.6%), in goats (69.2%); in the sheep species, only one case of neoplasia was diagnosed during the study period. Neoplasms of the hematopoietic system stood out in chickens, due to the high frequency of avian leukosis (lymphoid and myeloid) with 74.7%. Equine sarcoid and melanoma were the two most common neoplasms in horses, with 23.8% and 14.7%, respectively. Melanoma was also highlighted in swine with 58.3% and the integumentary system showed the highest frequency of tumors in rabbits (37.7%). In chapter II, the descriptions of 12 diagnoses of neoplasms of buffaloes were deepened, based on samples from the state of Pará. Of these 12, four cases were diagnosed as lymphoma, two as skin squamous cell carcinoma, two pheochromocytomas, both metastatic to abdominal organs. and one case of each of the following neoplasms: neurofibroma in the skin, uterine leiomyoma, ovarian tecoma (the latter two in the same female), and osteochondrosarcoma in the unilateral nasal cavity. Chapter III deals with a series of cases of malignant epithelioid mesotheliomas, of the tubulopapillary type, in four Red Sindi cows aged 15 to 21 years, from the same herd. In addition to clinical signs, macro and microscopy typical of mesothelioma, neoplastic cells showed strong and diffuse cytoplasmic immunostaining for pan-cytokeratin, but were negative for cytokeratin 7 and vimentin. Ultrastructurally, neoplastic cells had delicate microvilli and narrow, anchoring junctions.

Estudo retrospectivo das neoplasias em ruminantes e equídeos no semiárido do Nordeste Brasileiro / Retrospective study of tumors in ruminants and horses in semiarid Northeast of Brazil

In Brazil, data related to occurrence of tumors in livestock are scarce. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of tumors diagnosed in equidae, cattle, sheep and goats in the Pathology Laboratory of the Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, state of Paraíba, from 1983 to 2010, and to analyze the risk factors by the chi square test, considering variables such as species, breed, age and sex. During the period, 177 (5.6%) out of 3153 specimens from biopsies or necropsies were diagnosed as tumors. There were significant differences (p<0.001) in the frequency of tumors among different species; horses (10.6%) were more affected than cattle (6.8%), and cattle were more affected than goats (3.3%) and sheep (2.1%). Squamous cell carcinoma was most frequent tumor in cattle (58.3% of the tumors), sheep (80%) and goats (46.1%), and sarcoid (45.3%) was the most frequent in horses. Regarding the location, neoplasms were more common in the skin of horses (62.5%) and sheep (60%), in the eyes and periocular skin in cattle (36.1%), and un the female reproductive system (perineal region and vulva) of goats (34.6%). Regarding the sex of the animals, only cattle had significant prevalence (p<0.001). Regarding age only goats showed significant prevalence (p=0.015). There was no significant prevalence in any animal species in relation to race. We concluded that squamous cell carcinomas in ruminants and equine sarcoid are the most common tumors in livestock in the semiarid Brazilian Northeast, and the equidae were the most affected among the species studied.(AU)

No Brasil, dados relacionados com a ocorrência de neoplasias em ruminantes e equinos são escassos. Objetivou-se com este trabalho determinar a frequência de neoplasias diagnosticadas em bovinos, caprinos, ovinos e equídeos no Laboratório de Patologia Animal da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, durante o período de 1983 a 2010 e analisar os fatores de risco, mediante o teste de qui-quadrado, considerando como variáveis, espécie, raça, sexo e idade. Durante o período foram registrados 177 (5,6%) tumores de um total de 3.153 diagnósticos provenientes de biópsias e necropsias. Houve diferenças significantes (p<0,001) na frequência de tumores entre as diferentes espécies sendo mais acometidos os equinos (10,6%), seguidos pelos bovinos (6,8%), caprinos (3,3%) e ovinos (2,1%). Os tumores mais frequentes foram o carcinoma células escamosas (CCE) nos bovinos (58,3%), ovinos (80%) e caprinos (46,1%) e o sarcoide em equinos (45,3%). Quanto à localização anatômica, as neoplasias foram mais frequentes na pele em equídeos (62,5%) e ovinos (60%), olho e tecido periocular em bovinos (36,1%) e sistema reprodutor feminino (períneo e vulva) em caprinos (34,6%). Em relação ao sexo dos animais, apenas os bovinos apresentaram prevalência significativa (p<0,001). Em relação à idade apenas os caprinos apresentaram prevalência significativa (p=0,015). Não houve prevalência significativa em nenhuma espécie em relação à raça. Conclui-se que os carcinomas de células escamosas em ruminantes e o sarcoide em equídeos são os tumores mais frequentes em animais de produção no semiárido do Nordeste Brasileiro e que a espécie equina foi a mais acometida dentre as espécies estudadas.(AU)

Fifty years in the blink of an eye: a retrospective study of ocular and periocular lesions in domestic animals / Cinquenta anos num piscar de olhos: um estudo retrospectivo sobre lesões oculares e perioculares em animais domésticos

A survey was undertaken aiming to obtain an overview of ocular and periocular lesions diagnosed in domestic mammals over a period of 50 years in a veterinary pathology diagnostic laboratory in the Central Region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. In this lab, 33,075 histophatological exams had been performed over the period surveyed, of which 540 (1.6%) concerned ocular and periocular lesions. For various reasons ninety specimens were excluded from the study and the remaining 450 consisted of samples from dogs (53.5%), cattle (28.2%), cats (11.1%), horses (5.1%) sheep (1.3%), rabbits (0.4%), and pig (0.2%). The eyelids were the most prevalent (248/450) site of lesions in each of the species studied, followed by third eyelid (73/450), and conjunctiva (27/450). In dogs (241 samples) lesions in sebaceous glands (including Meibomian glands) were the most common findings (75/241), followed by melanocytic tumors (52/241) and nonspecific conjunctivitis (13/241). Squamous cell neoplasms, both benign and malignant, were relatively common. In cattle, anatomical sites affected by ocular and periocular lesions, in decreasing order of frequency, were eyelid, cornea and third eyelid. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) alone accounted for 80.3% of all diagnoses, while all neoplastic lesions made up for 85.0% of the lesions diagnosed in cattle. Neoplasia accounted for most of the lesions diagnosed in cats (39/50 cases); all of these were malignant, and SCC, hemangiosarcoma and fibrosarcoma were the most common types diagnosed. In horses, 19 out of 23 submissions were neoplasms and most were sarcoid (8/23) and SCC (8/23). There were six submissions from sheep with unpigmented skin, all of which represented SCC of the eyelids (5) and third eyelid (1).(AU)

Foi realizada uma investigação para obter-se uma visão geral das lesões oculares e perioculares de mamíferos domésticos diagnosticadas ao longo de um período de 50 anos num laboratório de diagnóstico de patologia veterinária da Região Central do Rio Grande do Sul. Nesse laboratório, durante o período pesquisado foram realizados 33.075 exames histopatológicos, 540 dos quais (1,6%) eram de lesões oculares e perioculares. Por várias razões, 90 espécimes foram excluídos do estudo. As 450 amostras restantes consistiam espécimes de cães (53,5%), bovinos (28,2%), gatos (11,1%), cavalos (5,1%), ovelhas (1,3%), coelhos (0,4%), e porco (0,2%). As pálpebras foram o local mais prevalente (248/450) de ocorrência das lesões, seguidas da terceira pálpebra (73/450) e conjuntiva (27/450). Em cães (241 diagnósticos) as lesões nas glândulas sebáceas (incluindo as glândulas meibomianas) consistiram nos achados mais comuns (75/241), seguidos dos tumores melanocíticos (52/241) e de conjuntivites inespecíficas (13/241). Neoplasmas de células escamosas, tanto benignos como malignos, foram achados relativamente comuns. Em bovinos, os locais anatômicos afetados por lesões perioculares e oculares, em ordem decrescente de frequência, foram pálpebra, córnea e terceira pálpebra. Somente o carcinoma de células escamosas (CCE) perfez 80,3% de todos os diagnósticos, enquanto todas as lesões neoplásicas juntas perfizeram 85,0% das lesões diagnosticadas em bovinos. Em gatos, a maioria (39/50 casos) das lesões diagnosticadas era de neoplasia maligna e CCE, hemangiossarcoma e fibrosarcoma foram os diagnósticos mais frequentes. Em equinos 19 de 23 submissões eram neoplasmas e os mais comuns foram sarcoide (8/23) e CCE (8/23). Em ovinos foram encontradas seis submissões, todas casos de CCE de pálpebra (5/6) ou terceira pálpebra (1/6) de ovinos de pele despigmentada.(AU)

Doenças de pele em equídeos no semiárido brasileiro / Skin disease of equidae in the Brazilian semiarid region

As doenças que acometem a pele e anexos de equídeos no semiárido nordestino foram analisadas mediante um estudo retrospectivo dos registros de atendimento na Clínica de Grandes Animais do Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, de janeiro de 2002 a dezembro de 2012. Dos 2.054 atendimentos 1.786 eram equinos, 200 eram asininos e 58 eram muares. Os diagnósticos de dermatopatias totalizaram 535 casos (26,05%) dos quais 447 foram em equinos, 68 em asininos e 20 em muares. Nos equinos as dermatopatias mais frequentes foram a pitiose (24,38%), as feridas traumáticas (23,04%), os abscessos (12,75%), o tecido de granulação (8,5%) e a habronemose (7,38%). Juntas essas enfermidades totalizaram 76,05% dos diagnósticos de dermatopatias para essa espécie. Em asininos as doenças mais frequentes foram feridas traumáticas (47,5%), sarcoide (19,11%) e abscessos (13,23%). Estas enfermidades juntas representaram 79,84% das doenças de pele nesta espécie. Os muares apresentaram feridas traumáticas em 30% dos casos e carcinoma de células escamosas e habronemose em 15% cada. As três enfermidades representaram 60% dos diagnósticos de doenças de pele nesta espécie. Conclui-se que as doenças de pele são uma das principais causas de atendimento clínico em equídeos na região semiárida do nordeste do Brasil e os conhecimentos gerados neste estudo são importantes para o reconhecimento, diagnóstico e tratamento das mesmas.(AU)

Diseases that affect the skin and appendages of equidae in the semiarid region of northeastern Brazil were analyzed through a retrospective study of records of the Large Animal Clinic of the Veterinary Hospital at the Federal University of Campina Grande, from January 2002 to December 2012. At all, 2054 equidae entered the hospital being 1786 horses, 200 donkeys, and 58 mules. A total of 535 (26.05%) were affected by skin diseases, 447 horses, 68 donkeys and 20 mules. In horses the more prevalent skin diseases were pythiosis (24.38%), traumatic injuries (23.04%), abscesses (12.75%), granulation tissue (8.5%), and habronemiasis (7.38%); together, these diseases represented 76% of dermatological problems observed in this species. In donkeys the more frequent diseases, representing 79.84% of the skin diseases, were traumatic wounds (47.5%), sarcoid (19.11%), and abscesses (13.23%). In mules the most frequent disease was traumatic wounds (30%) and habronemiasis and squamous cell carcinoma (15% each), which together accounted for 60% of the skin diseases in this species. It is concluded that skin diseases are important in equidae in the semiarid region of northeastern Brazil and the knowledge generated in this work is important for the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases.(AU)