Community ecology of the metazoan parasites of the Atlantic anchoveta, Cetengraulis edentulus (Actinopterygii: Engraulidae) from the Sepetiba Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

The Atlantic anchoveta, Cetengraulis edentulus (Cuvier, 1829) is one of the most commercially important fish species in the littoral of Brazil. The present study evaluates the parasitic fauna of this engraulid fish from the southeastern Brazilian coast. Between October 2019 and March 2020, a total of 100 specimens of C. edentulus from the Sepetiba Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (22°57'44"S; 43°52'28"W), were examined. Eighty-five specimens of C. edentulus were parasitized by at least one species of metazoan, with a mean of 4.32 ± 6.12 parasites/fish. Eleven species of parasites were collected: five digeneans, two monogeneans, two copepods, one isopod and one nematode. The nematode Hysterothylacium sp. was the most abundant and dominant species, representing 51.85% of the metazoan parasites collected, showing positive correlation with the host's total length and parasite abundance and prevalence. The mean abundance and prevalence of Hysterothylacium sp. was significantly higher in female hosts. One pair of larval endoparasites showed positive covariation. Centengraulis edentulus represents a new host record for nine species of parasites. A dominance of endoparasitic larval stages is documented in the parasite community of C. edentulus. This may be a function of the feeding habits of engraulid fish, which feed mainly on zooplanktonic organisms. It may also have to do with to the fact that C. edentulus is the intermediate and/or paratenic host of fish parasites, birds, and marine mammals.(AU)

Community ecology of the metazoan parasites of the Atlantic thread herring, Opisthonema oglinum (Lesueur, 1818) (Actinopterygii: Clupeidae) from the Sepetiba Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil / Ecologia da comunidade dos metazoários parasitos da sardinha bandeira Opisthonema oglinum (Lesueur, 1818) (Actinopterygii: Clupeidae) da Baía de Sepetiba, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

This study aimed to evaluate the parasitic fauna of Opisthonema oglinum (Lesueur, 1818) from Southeastern Brazil. Between September 2017 and March 2018, a total of 100 specimens of O. oglinum from the Sepetiba Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (22°54'S, 43°34'W) were examined. Ninety one specimens of O. oglinum were parasitized by at least one species of metazoan with a mean of 5.84 ± 7.98 parasites/fish. Seven species were collected: 2 digeneans, 2 monogeneans, 2 copepods and 1 nematode. The digenean Parahemiurus merus (Linton) was the most abundant and dominant species, representing 43% of metazoan parasites collected. The parasite species richness was positively correlated with the total length of the hosts. Only Neobomolochus elongatus Cressey showed a positive correlation between host's total length and parasite prevalence. The mean parasite species diversity was not correlated with host's total length, but significant differences among the mean parasite diversity between males and females was observed. Opisthonema oglinum represents a new host record for Caligus mutabilis Wilson, Hysterothylacium sp. and Cribomazocraes travassosi Santos and Kohn. The copepod N. elongatus is recorded for the first time on the Brazilian coast.(AU)

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a fauna parasitária de Opisthonema oglinum (Lesueur, 1818) do Sudeste do Brasil. No período entre setembro de 2017 e março de 2018, um total de 100 espécimes de O. oglinum provenientes da Baía de Sepetiba, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (22°54S; 43°34O), foram examinados. Noventa espécimes de O. oglinum estavam parasitados por pelo menos uma espécie de metazoário com média de 5,84 ± 7,98 parasitos/peixe. Sete espécies foram coletadas: 2 digenéticos, 2 monogenéticos, 2 copépodes e 1 nematoide. O digenético Parahemiurus merus (Linton) foi à espécie mais abundante e dominante, representando 43% dos metazoários parasitos coletados. A riqueza parasitária foi correlacionada com o comprimento total do hospedeiro. Apenas Neobomolochus elongatus Cressey apresentou correlação positiva entre o comprimento total do hospedeiro e a prevalência parasitária. A diversidade média de espécies de parasitos não apresentou correlação com o comprimento total do hospedeiro, mas foram observadas diferenças significativas entre a diversidade média de parasitos entre machos e fêmeas. Opisthonema oglinum representa um novo registro de hospedeiro para Caligus mutabilis Wilson, Hysterothylacium sp. e Cribomazocraes travassosi Santos and Kohn. O copépode N. elongatus é registrado pela primeira vez na costa Brasileira.(AU)

Community ecology of the metazoan parasites of the Atlantic thread herring, Opisthonema oglinum (Lesueur, 1818) (Actinopterygii: Clupeidae) from the Sepetiba Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil / Ecologia da comunidade dos metazoários parasitos da sardinha bandeira Opisthonema oglinum (Lesueur, 1818) (Actinopterygii: Clupeidae) da Baía de Sepetiba, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

This study aimed to evaluate the parasitic fauna of Opisthonema oglinum (Lesueur, 1818) from Southeastern Brazil. Between September 2017 and March 2018, a total of 100 specimens of O. oglinum from the Sepetiba Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (22°54'S, 43°34'W) were examined. Ninety one specimens of O. oglinum were parasitized by at least one species of metazoan with a mean of 5.84 ± 7.98 parasites/fish. Seven species were collected: 2 digeneans, 2 monogeneans, 2 copepods and 1 nematode. The digenean Parahemiurus merus (Linton) was the most abundant and dominant species, representing 43% of metazoan parasites collected. The parasite species richness was positively correlated with the total length of the hosts. Only Neobomolochus elongatus Cressey showed a positive correlation between host's total length and parasite prevalence. The mean parasite species diversity was not correlated with host's total length, but significant differences among the mean parasite diversity between males and females was observed. Opisthonema oglinum represents a new host record for Caligus mutabilis Wilson, Hysterothylacium sp. and Cribomazocraes travassosi Santos and Kohn. The copepod N. elongatus is recorded for the first time on the Brazilian coast.

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a fauna parasitária de Opisthonema oglinum (Lesueur, 1818) do Sudeste do Brasil. No período entre setembro de 2017 e março de 2018, um total de 100 espécimes de O. oglinum provenientes da Baía de Sepetiba, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (22°54'S; 43°34'O), foram examinados. Noventa espécimes de O. oglinum estavam parasitados por pelo menos uma espécie de metazoário com média de 5,84 ± 7,98 parasitos/peixe. Sete espécies foram coletadas: 2 digenéticos, 2 monogenéticos, 2 copépodes e 1 nematoide. O digenético Parahemiurus merus (Linton) foi à espécie mais abundante e dominante, representando 43% dos metazoários parasitos coletados. A riqueza parasitária foi correlacionada com o comprimento total do hospedeiro. Apenas Neobomolochus elongatus Cressey apresentou correlação positiva entre o comprimento total do hospedeiro e a prevalência parasitária. A diversidade média de espécies de parasitos não apresentou correlação com o comprimento total do hospedeiro, mas foram observadas diferenças significativas entre a diversidade média de parasitos entre machos e fêmeas. Opisthonema oglinum representa um novo registro de hospedeiro para Caligus mutabilis Wilson, Hysterothylacium sp. e Cribomazocraes travassosi Santos and Kohn. O copépode N. elongatus é registrado pela primeira vez na costa Brasileira.

Community ecology of the metazoan parasites of the Atlantic thread herring, Opisthonema oglinum (Lesueur, 1818) (Actinopterygii: Clupeidae) from the Sepetiba Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the parasitic fauna of Opisthonema oglinum (Lesueur, 1818) from Southeastern Brazil. Between September 2017 and March 2018, a total of 100 specimens of O. oglinum from the Sepetiba Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (22°54'S, 43°34'W) were examined. Ninety one specimens of O. oglinum were parasitized by at least one species of metazoan with a mean of 5.84 ± 7.98 parasites/fish. Seven species were collected: 2 digeneans, 2 monogeneans, 2 copepods and 1 nematode. The digenean Parahemiurus merus (Linton) was the most abundant and dominant species, representing 43% of metazoan parasites collected. The parasite species richness was positively correlated with the total length of the hosts. Only Neobomolochus elongatus Cressey showed a positive correlation between host's total length and parasite prevalence. The mean parasite species diversity was not correlated with host's total length, but significant differences among the mean parasite diversity between males and females was observed. Opisthonema oglinum represents a new host record for Caligus mutabilis Wilson, Hysterothylacium sp. and Cribomazocraes travassosi Santos and Kohn. The copepod N. elongatus is recorded for the first time on the Brazilian coast.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a fauna parasitária de Opisthonema oglinum (Lesueur, 1818) do Sudeste do Brasil. No período entre setembro de 2017 e março de 2018, um total de 100 espécimes de O. oglinum provenientes da Baía de Sepetiba, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (22°54S; 43°34O), foram examinados. Noventa espécimes de O. oglinum estavam parasitados por pelo menos uma espécie de metazoário com média de 5,84 ± 7,98 parasitos/peixe. Sete espécies foram coletadas: 2 digenéticos, 2 monogenéticos, 2 copépodes e 1 nematoide. O digenético Parahemiurus merus (Linton) foi à espécie mais abundante e dominante, representando 43% dos metazoários parasitos coletados. A riqueza parasitária foi correlacionada com o comprimento total do hospedeiro. Apenas Neobomolochus elongatus Cressey apresentou correlação positiva entre o comprimento total do hospedeiro e a prevalência parasitária. A diversidade média de espécies de parasitos não apresentou correlação com o comprimento total do hospedeiro, mas foram observadas diferenças significativas entre a diversidade média de parasitos entre machos e fêmeas. Opisthonema oglinum representa um novo registro de hospedeiro para Caligus mutabilis Wilson, Hysterothylacium sp. e Cribomazocraes travassosi Santos and Kohn. O copépode N. elongatus é registrado pela primeira vez na costa Brasileira.

Qualidade microbiológica do sururu (Mytella charruana) comercializado por catadoras da Baía de Sepetiba, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil / Microbiological quality of sururu (Mytella charruana) marketed by scavengers of the Sepetiba Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

A preocupação com a qualidade do pescado é de grande importância para todos, pois é um alimento de alto valor nutritivo, mas tem grande susceptibilidade à deterioração e formação de substâncias prejudiciais à saúde, quando as condições de conservação e manipulação não são mantidas. O cultivo de moluscos bivalves além de ser uma fonte alternativa de alimentos, é uma opção para a subsistência das populações ribeirinhas de todo o litoral, à medida que a matriz alimentícia ganha espaço no mercado, principalmente nas regiões nordeste, sul e sudeste. Os sururus são organismos filtradores, capazes de absorver micropartículas em suspensão, as quais podem carrear elevadas concentrações de microrganismos patogênicos, outro fator importante relacionado a este molusco é a má condição de manipulação no beneficiamento, que pode provocar toxinfecções alimentares, ambos provocando danos à saúde. As análises microbiológicas foram realizadas em sururu in natura e após cozimento. Nas amostras analisadas houve ausência de Salmonella spp., com redução na contagem de Staphylococcus coagulase-positiva e de Coliformes Termotolerantes a 45ºC nos produtos cozidos. Os resultados são indicativos de que mesmo havendo redução de contaminação bacteriana, a manipulação das catadoras, após cozimento, é inadequada e que medidas corretivas devem ser adotadas para se obter o produto adequado bacteriologicamente ao consumo.(AU)

Fish quality has a great importance concerning to its high nutritional value, due to its great susceptibility to deterioration and occurrence of harmful substances to human health when the storage and handling conditions are not kept properly. The bivalves farming is an alternative source of food and also a source of livelihood for riverside communities, as the product is accepted in the market, mainly in the Northeast, South and Southeast regions. As filter feeders organisms, “sururu” mussels can absorb microparticles which can carry high level of pathogenic micro-organisms. Another important factor is the bad handling conditions both can lead to foodstuff infections. Microbiological analyzes were performed in raw “sururu” mussel and after cooking. The samples analyzed there was no Salmonella sp., a reduction in coagulase-positive Staphylococcus count and thermotolerant coliforms at 45 °C in baked products. Results of the analyzes showed that even with the contamination reduction, the handling of the women staff after cooking is inadequate and corrective measures should be taken to obtain a safe product for the final consumer.(AU)

Qualidade microbiológica do sururu (Mytella charruana) comercializado por catadoras da Baía de Sepetiba, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil / Microbiological quality of sururu (Mytella charruana) marketed by scavengers of the Sepetiba Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

A preocupação com a qualidade do pescado é de grande importância para todos, pois é um alimento de alto valor nutritivo, mas tem grande susceptibilidade à deterioração e formação de substâncias prejudiciais à saúde, quando as condições de conservação e manipulação não são mantidas. O cultivo de moluscos bivalves além de ser uma fonte alternativa de alimentos, é uma opção para a subsistência das populações ribeirinhas de todo o litoral, à medida que a matriz alimentícia ganha espaço no mercado, principalmente nas regiões nordeste, sul e sudeste. Os sururus são organismos filtradores, capazes de absorver micropartículas em suspensão, as quais podem carrear elevadas concentrações de microrganismos patogênicos, outro fator importante relacionado a este molusco é a má condição de manipulação no beneficiamento, que pode provocar toxinfecções alimentares, ambos provocando danos à saúde. As análises microbiológicas foram realizadas em sururu in natura e após cozimento. Nas amostras analisadas houve ausência de Salmonella spp., com redução na contagem de Staphylococcus coagulase-positiva e de Coliformes Termotolerantes a 45ºC nos produtos cozidos. Os resultados são indicativos de que mesmo havendo redução de contaminação bacteriana, a manipulação das catadoras, após cozimento, é inadequada e que medidas corretivas devem ser adotadas para se obter o produto adequado bacteriologicamente ao consumo.

Fish quality has a great importance concerning to its high nutritional value, due to its great susceptibility to deterioration and occurrence of harmful substances to human health when the storage and handling conditions are not kept properly. The bivalves farming is an alternative source of food and also a source of livelihood for riverside communities, as the product is accepted in the market, mainly in the Northeast, South and Southeast regions. As filter feeders organisms, “sururu” mussels can absorb microparticles which can carry high level of pathogenic micro-organisms. Another important factor is the bad handling conditions both can lead to foodstuff infections. Microbiological analyzes were performed in raw “sururu” mussel and after cooking. The samples analyzed there was no Salmonella sp., a reduction in coagulase-positive Staphylococcus count and thermotolerant coliforms at 45 °C in baked products. Results of the analyzes showed that even with the contamination reduction, the handling of the women staff after cooking is inadequate and corrective measures should be taken to obtain a safe product for the final consumer.

Community ecology of the metazoan parasites of the Atlantic thread herring, Opisthonema oglinum (Lesueur, 1818) (Actinopterygii: Clupeidae) from the Sepetiba Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the parasitic fauna of Opisthonema oglinum (Lesueur, 1818) from Southeastern Brazil. Between September 2017 and March 2018, a total of 100 specimens of O. oglinum from the Sepetiba Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (22°54'S, 43°34'W) were examined. Ninety one specimens of O. oglinum were parasitized by at least one species of metazoan with a mean of 5.84 ± 7.98 parasites/fish. Seven species were collected: 2 digeneans, 2 monogeneans, 2 copepods and 1 nematode. The digenean Parahemiurus merus (Linton) was the most abundant and dominant species, representing 43% of metazoan parasites collected. The parasite species richness was positively correlated with the total length of the hosts. Only Neobomolochus elongatus Cressey showed a positive correlation between host's total length and parasite prevalence. The mean parasite species diversity was not correlated with host's total length, but significant differences among the mean parasite diversity between males and females was observed. Opisthonema oglinum represents a new host record for Caligus mutabilis Wilson, Hysterothylacium sp. and Cribomazocraes travassosi Santos and Kohn. The copepod N. elongatus is recorded for the first time on the Brazilian coast.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a fauna parasitária de Opisthonema oglinum (Lesueur, 1818) do Sudeste do Brasil. No período entre setembro de 2017 e março de 2018, um total de 100 espécimes de O. oglinum provenientes da Baía de Sepetiba, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (22°54S; 43°34O), foram examinados. Noventa espécimes de O. oglinum estavam parasitados por pelo menos uma espécie de metazoário com média de 5,84 ± 7,98 parasitos/peixe. Sete espécies foram coletadas: 2 digenéticos, 2 monogenéticos, 2 copépodes e 1 nematoide. O digenético Parahemiurus merus (Linton) foi à espécie mais abundante e dominante, representando 43% dos metazoários parasitos coletados. A riqueza parasitária foi correlacionada com o comprimento total do hospedeiro. Apenas Neobomolochus elongatus Cressey apresentou correlação positiva entre o comprimento total do hospedeiro e a prevalência parasitária. A diversidade média de espécies de parasitos não apresentou correlação com o comprimento total do hospedeiro, mas foram observadas diferenças significativas entre a diversidade média de parasitos entre machos e fêmeas. Opisthonema oglinum representa um novo registro de hospedeiro para Caligus mutabilis Wilson, Hysterothylacium sp. e Cribomazocraes travassosi Santos and Kohn. O copépode N. elongatus é registrado pela primeira vez na costa Brasileira.

Effect of the sexual proportion on reproductive performance of pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis (Decapoda:Penaeoidea) / Efeito da proporção sexual sobre o desempenho reprodutivo do camarão-rosa Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis (Decapoda: Penaeoidea)

Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis is a native species in Brazilian coast. It is one of the most exploited marine resources. In order to contribute to the development of techniques to promote the rearing their cultivation, the objective of this study was to evaluate the pink shrimp reproductive performance in captivity under different sex ratios. Breeders were captured in Sepetiba Bay/Brazil and maintained during 107 days in maturation tanks. One hundred and eight animals were randomly distributed into tanks 18 in the proportions 1:1 and 1:2 (M:F). Females have undergone unilateral ablation and identified by markings on their uropods. The evaluation of the reproductive performance was estimated by the number of spawning, fecundity and hatching rate. It was determined optimal size (32,00 mm CL) and minimum weight (24,00 g LW) for reproduction in females. The better fertility and nauplii hatching indicate that the sex ratio 1:2 is most suitable for this species.(AU)

Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis é uma espécie de camarão nativa da costa brasileira, sendo um dos recursos pesqueiros mais explorados. Com o intuito de colaborar no desenvolvimento de técnicas para promover o cultivo da espécie, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar seu desempenho reprodutivo em cativeiro, submetida a diferentes proporções sexuais. Os reprodutores foram capturados na Baía de Sepetiba/Brasil e mantidos em tanques de maturação. Os animais, num total de 108, foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em 18 tanques nas proporções 1:1 e 1:2 (M:F). As fêmeas foram abladas unilateralmente e identificadas mediante marcações em seus urópodos. A avaliação do desempenho reprodutivo foi realizada através do número de desovas, fecundidade, fertilidade e taxa de eclosão, sendo determinados o tamanho (32,00 mm de CC) e o peso (24,00 g PV) mínimos ideais para a reprodução em fêmeas. As melhores taxas de fertilidade e eclosão indicam que a proporção sexual de 1:2 é a mais adequada para esta espécie.(AU)

Effect of the sexual proportion on reproductive performance of pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis (Decapoda:Penaeoidea) / Efeito da proporção sexual sobre o desempenho reprodutivo do camarão-rosa Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis (Decapoda: Penaeoidea)

Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis is a native species in Brazilian coast. It is one of the most exploited marine resources. In order to contribute to the development of techniques to promote the rearing their cultivation, the objective of this study was to evaluate the pink shrimp reproductive performance in captivity under different sex ratios. Breeders were captured in Sepetiba Bay/Brazil and maintained during 107 days in maturation tanks. One hundred and eight animals were randomly distributed into tanks 18 in the proportions 1:1 and 1:2 (M:F). Females have undergone unilateral ablation and identified by markings on their uropods. The evaluation of the reproductive performance was estimated by the number of spawning, fecundity and hatching rate. It was determined optimal size (32,00 mm CL) and minimum weight (24,00 g LW) for reproduction in females. The better fertility and nauplii hatching indicate that the sex ratio 1:2 is most suitable for this species.

Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis é uma espécie de camarão nativa da costa brasileira, sendo um dos recursos pesqueiros mais explorados. Com o intuito de colaborar no desenvolvimento de técnicas para promover o cultivo da espécie, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar seu desempenho reprodutivo em cativeiro, submetida a diferentes proporções sexuais. Os reprodutores foram capturados na Baía de Sepetiba/Brasil e mantidos em tanques de maturação. Os animais, num total de 108, foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em 18 tanques nas proporções 1:1 e 1:2 (M:F). As fêmeas foram abladas unilateralmente e identificadas mediante marcações em seus urópodos. A avaliação do desempenho reprodutivo foi realizada através do número de desovas, fecundidade, fertilidade e taxa de eclosão, sendo determinados o tamanho (32,00 mm de CC) e o peso (24,00 g PV) mínimos ideais para a reprodução em fêmeas. As melhores taxas de fertilidade e eclosão indicam que a proporção sexual de 1:2 é a mais adequada para esta espécie.

Gonadal development and fecundity of the smooth weakfish Cynoscion leiarchus (Teleostei: Perciformes: Sciaenidae) in a tropical Brazilian bay

Cynoscion leiarchus (Cuvier, 1830) is a coastal fish species that is widely distributed along the Western Atlantic coast, from Belize to Southern Brazil. In Brazil, C. leiarchus It is an important resource for commercial and artisanal fisheries. Our objective was to describe the oogenesis and spermatogenesis stages of the species and to estimate batch size and relative fecundity of a population at a tropical bay in southeastern Brazil. The examined specimens were obtained from artisanal catches that took place from July 2013 to June 2014. A total of 18 individuals (11 females and 7 males) were examined for histological analysis and 20 spawning-capable females were used to estimate fecundity. Five stages of oocyte development (primary growth, pre-vitellogenic, vitellogenic, oocyte maturation and atresia) and four stages of spermatocytes (spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids, spermatozoa) were described in different phases of gonad development (immature, developing, spawning capable and regenerating), suggesting that spawning happens in batches, oocyte development is asynchronic and fecundity is indeterminate. Batch fecundity ranged from 100 × 10(3) to 866 × 10(3) oocytes undergoing final oocyte maturation, and relative fecundity ranged from 232 to 1,225 oocytes, averaging 467 oocytes per gram of ovary-free body weight. Fecundity tended to increase linearly with gonadal weight, total weight, total length, and age, but the highest linear correlation obtained was between fecundity and gonadal weight. This study provides the first information on the gonadal development of C. leiarchus from the Brazilian coast and is a baseline to compare with other populations and/or congeneric species.

Gonadal development and fecundity of the smooth weakfish Cynoscion leiarchus (Teleostei: Perciformes: Sciaenidae) in a tropical Brazilian bay

Cynoscion leiarchus (Cuvier, 1830) is a coastal fish species that is widely distributed along the Western Atlantic coast, from Belize to Southern Brazil. In Brazil, C. leiarchus It is an important resource for commercial and artisanal fisheries. Our objective was to describe the oogenesis and spermatogenesis stages of the species and to estimate batch size and relative fecundity of a population at a tropical bay in southeastern Brazil. The examined specimens were obtained from artisanal catches that took place from July 2013 to June 2014. A total of 18 individuals (11 females and 7 males) were examined for histological analysis and 20 spawning-capable females were used to estimate fecundity. Five stages of oocyte development (primary growth, pre-vitellogenic, vitellogenic, oocyte maturation and atresia) and four stages of spermatocytes (spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids, spermatozoa) were described in different phases of gonad development (immature, developing, spawning capable and regenerating), suggesting that spawning happens in batches, oocyte development is asynchronic and fecundity is indeterminate. Batch fecundity ranged from 100 × 10(3) to 866 × 10(3) oocytes undergoing final oocyte maturation, and relative fecundity ranged from 232 to 1,225 oocytes, averaging 467 oocytes per gram of ovary-free body weight. Fecundity tended to increase linearly with gonadal weight, total weight, total length, and age, but the highest linear correlation obtained was between fecundity and gonadal weight. This study provides the first information on the gonadal development of C. leiarchus from the Brazilian coast and is a baseline to compare with other populations and/or congeneric species.(AU)

Parâmetros de crescimento e mortalidade de Eucinostomus argenteus (Baird & Girard, 1854) capturados no manguezal de Guaratiba, Baía de Sepetiba, RJ / Growth parameters and mortality of Eucinostomus argenteus (Baird & Girard, 1854) captured in Guaratiba mangrove, Sepetiba Bay, RJ

The analysis and understanding of fish growth are important for the knowledge of their population dynamics. In this context growth parameters were calculated for Eucinostomus argenteus (carapicu), one of the most abundant species in Sepetiba Bay (RJ), Brazil. Growth parameters were estimated based on length frequency distribution data according to ELEFAN I and Bhattacharya methods, using the FISAT software. The estimated growth parameters were: asymptotic length L = 28.31 cm; growth rate coefficient k = 0.61 year-1; natural mortality coefficient M = 1.53 year-1. Longevity estimates, defined as the time (years) for a fish to reach 95% of the asymptotic length was 4.34 years. Three cohorts were indicated by the Bhattacharya method in more than half of monthly samples, corroborating with the ELEFAN I method, which is based on modal displacement of temporal sequences of length samples. This last method evidenced the presence of 5 cohorts according to the best fit of Rn (goodness of fit index) and 2 of this cohort clearly correspond to the observed data in the study area. Therefore the growth parameters and mortality estimated to Sepetiba bay E. argenteus populations contribute to knowledge of the species biology and represent progress toward an appropriate and necessary management for biodiversity conservation.(AU)

A análise e compreensão dos parâmetros de crescimento de peixes são fatores preponderantes para o entendimento da dinâmica de suas populações. Neste contexto, foram calculados alguns parâmetros de crescimento para Eucinostomus argenteus (carapicú), uma das espécies mais abundantes da Baia de Sepetib (RJ). Tais parâmetros foram estimados por meio dos métodos ELEFAN I e Bhattacharya, inseridos no pacote computacional FISAT. Os parâmetros estimados foram: L (comprimento máximo assintótico) = 28,31 cm; k (coeficiente de taxa de crescimento) = 0,61 ano-1; M (coeficiente de mortalidade natural) = 1,53 ano-1. A longevidade, definida como o tempo que o indivíduo leva para alcançar 95% do comprimento assintótico, foi estimada em 4,34 anos. O método de Bhattacharya indicou a presença de três coortes em mais da metade dos meses amostrados, corroborando com o método ELEFAN I, que se baseia no deslocamento modal de sequências temporais de amostras de comprimento. Este último método evidenciou a presença de cinco coortes, em função dos melhores ajustes de Rn (goodness of fit index), sendo que duas destas coortes correspondem nitidamente aos dados observados na área de estudo. Portanto, os parâmetros de crescimento e mortalidade estimados para população de E. argenteus na baia de Sepetiba contribuem para compreensão da biologia da espécie e representam avanços em direção a um manejo adequado e necessário para a preservação da biodiversidade.(AU)

Parâmetros de crescimento e mortalidade de Eucinostomus argenteus (Baird & Girard, 1854) capturados no manguezal de Guaratiba, Baía de Sepetiba, RJ / Growth parameters and mortality of Eucinostomus argenteus (Baird & Girard, 1854) captured in Guaratiba mangrove, Sepetiba Bay, RJ

The analysis and understanding of fish growth are important for the knowledge of their population dynamics. In this context growth parameters were calculated for Eucinostomus argenteus (carapicu), one of the most abundant species in Sepetiba Bay (RJ), Brazil. Growth parameters were estimated based on length frequency distribution data according to ELEFAN I and Bhattacharya methods, using the FISAT software. The estimated growth parameters were: asymptotic length L = 28.31 cm; growth rate coefficient k = 0.61 year-1; natural mortality coefficient M = 1.53 year-1. Longevity estimates, defined as the time (years) for a fish to reach 95% of the asymptotic length was 4.34 years. Three cohorts were indicated by the Bhattacharya method in more than half of monthly samples, corroborating with the ELEFAN I method, which is based on modal displacement of temporal sequences of length samples. This last method evidenced the presence of 5 cohorts according to the best fit of Rn (goodness of fit index) and 2 of this cohort clearly correspond to the observed data in the study area. Therefore the growth parameters and mortality estimated to Sepetiba bay E. argenteus populations contribute to knowledge of the species biology and represent progress toward an appropriate and necessary management for biodiversity conservation.

A análise e compreensão dos parâmetros de crescimento de peixes são fatores preponderantes para o entendimento da dinâmica de suas populações. Neste contexto, foram calculados alguns parâmetros de crescimento para Eucinostomus argenteus (carapicú), uma das espécies mais abundantes da Baia de Sepetib (RJ). Tais parâmetros foram estimados por meio dos métodos ELEFAN I e Bhattacharya, inseridos no pacote computacional FISAT. Os parâmetros estimados foram: L (comprimento máximo assintótico) = 28,31 cm; k (coeficiente de taxa de crescimento) = 0,61 ano-1; M (coeficiente de mortalidade natural) = 1,53 ano-1. A longevidade, definida como o tempo que o indivíduo leva para alcançar 95% do comprimento assintótico, foi estimada em 4,34 anos. O método de Bhattacharya indicou a presença de três coortes em mais da metade dos meses amostrados, corroborando com o método ELEFAN I, que se baseia no deslocamento modal de sequências temporais de amostras de comprimento. Este último método evidenciou a presença de cinco coortes, em função dos melhores ajustes de Rn (goodness of fit index), sendo que duas destas coortes correspondem nitidamente aos dados observados na área de estudo. Portanto, os parâmetros de crescimento e mortalidade estimados para população de E. argenteus na baia de Sepetiba contribuem para compreensão da biologia da espécie e representam avanços em direção a um manejo adequado e necessário para a preservação da biodiversidade.

Coordinated feeding behavior of the Guiana dolphin, Sotalia guianensis (Cetacea: Delphinidae), in southeastern Brazil: a comparison between populations

The coordinated feeding tactics used by delphinids are influenced by differences in the distribution of prey species, season, and opportunities for social learning. In the present study, we compared the coordinated feeding behavior of two populations of the Guiana dolphin, Sotalia guianensis, in southeastern Brazil, and how these feeding tactics vary seasonality and in the presence of calves. We observed eight types of coordinated feeding tactics, which differed in frequency and in the mean number of individuals engaged in them, and between both areas. Feeding tactics used to herd and capture prey were the most frequent and engaged a greater number of individuals, suggesting that these tactics are better for capturing fish that gather in larger schools. Furthermore, the seasons influenced the occurrence of different prey items, which in turn modified the feeding tactics of the dolphins. In the Ilha Grande Bay we observed that bouts lasted longer and larger groups engaged in the feeding tactics, which may be associated with the seasonal spawning of larger schooling fish such as Sardinella brasiliensis (Steindachner, 1879) (Teleostei: Clupeidae). However, in the Sepetiba Bay, we observed longer feeding bouts and a smaller number of individuals engaged in the feeding tactics during autumn-winter. This may be associated with the fact that the most abundant prey species, Micropogonias furnieri (Desmarest, 1823) (Teleostei: Sciaenidae), gathers in small schools. Calves were present in 95% of all coordinated feeding tactics that occurred in the Ilha Grande Bay and in approximately 61% of feeding tactics in the Sepetiba Bay, suggesting that these areas are important for social learning. This study provides more information about feeding tactics and improves knowledge of the coordinated behavior of Sotalia guianensis (Van Benéden, 1864).

Coordinated feeding behavior of the Guiana dolphin, Sotalia guianensis (Cetacea: Delphinidae), in southeastern Brazil: a comparison between populations

The coordinated feeding tactics used by delphinids are influenced by differences in the distribution of prey species, season, and opportunities for social learning. In the present study, we compared the coordinated feeding behavior of two populations of the Guiana dolphin, Sotalia guianensis, in southeastern Brazil, and how these feeding tactics vary seasonality and in the presence of calves. We observed eight types of coordinated feeding tactics, which differed in frequency and in the mean number of individuals engaged in them, and between both areas. Feeding tactics used to herd and capture prey were the most frequent and engaged a greater number of individuals, suggesting that these tactics are better for capturing fish that gather in larger schools. Furthermore, the seasons influenced the occurrence of different prey items, which in turn modified the feeding tactics of the dolphins. In the Ilha Grande Bay we observed that bouts lasted longer and larger groups engaged in the feeding tactics, which may be associated with the seasonal spawning of larger schooling fish such as Sardinella brasiliensis (Steindachner, 1879) (Teleostei: Clupeidae). However, in the Sepetiba Bay, we observed longer feeding bouts and a smaller number of individuals engaged in the feeding tactics during autumn-winter. This may be associated with the fact that the most abundant prey species, Micropogonias furnieri (Desmarest, 1823) (Teleostei: Sciaenidae), gathers in small schools. Calves were present in 95% of all coordinated feeding tactics that occurred in the Ilha Grande Bay and in approximately 61% of feeding tactics in the Sepetiba Bay, suggesting that these areas are important for social learning. This study provides more information about feeding tactics and improves knowledge of the coordinated behavior of Sotalia guianensis (Van Benéden, 1864).

Coordinated feeding behavior of the Guiana dolphin, Sotalia guianensis (Cetacea: Delphinidae), in southeastern Brazil: a comparison between populations

The coordinated feeding tactics used by delphinids are influenced by differences in the distribution of prey species, season, and opportunities for social learning. In the present study, we compared the coordinated feeding behavior of two populations of the Guiana dolphin, Sotalia guianensis, in southeastern Brazil, and how these feeding tactics vary seasonality and in the presence of calves. We observed eight types of coordinated feeding tactics, which differed in frequency and in the mean number of individuals engaged in them, and between both areas. Feeding tactics used to herd and capture prey were the most frequent and engaged a greater number of individuals, suggesting that these tactics are better for capturing fish that gather in larger schools. Furthermore, the seasons influenced the occurrence of different prey items, which in turn modified the feeding tactics of the dolphins. In the Ilha Grande Bay we observed that bouts lasted longer and larger groups engaged in the feeding tactics, which may be associated with the seasonal spawning of larger schooling fish such as Sardinella brasiliensis (Steindachner, 1879) (Teleostei: Clupeidae). However, in the Sepetiba Bay, we observed longer feeding bouts and a smaller number of individuals engaged in the feeding tactics during autumn-winter. This may be associated with the fact that the most abundant prey species, Micropogonias furnieri (Desmarest, 1823) (Teleostei: Sciaenidae), gathers in small schools. Calves were present in 95% of all coordinated feeding tactics that occurred in the Ilha Grande Bay and in approximately 61% of feeding tactics in the Sepetiba Bay, suggesting that these areas are important for social learning. This study provides more information about feeding tactics and improves knowledge of the coordinated behavior of Sotalia guianensis (Van Benéden, 1864).

Coordinated feeding behavior of the Guiana dolphin, Sotalia guianensis (Cetacea: Delphinidae), in southeastern Brazil: a comparison between populations

The coordinated feeding tactics used by delphinids are influenced by differences in the distribution of prey species, season, and opportunities for social learning. In the present study, we compared the coordinated feeding behavior of two populations of the Guiana dolphin, Sotalia guianensis, in southeastern Brazil, and how these feeding tactics vary seasonality and in the presence of calves. We observed eight types of coordinated feeding tactics, which differed in frequency and in the mean number of individuals engaged in them, and between both areas. Feeding tactics used to herd and capture prey were the most frequent and engaged a greater number of individuals, suggesting that these tactics are better for capturing fish that gather in larger schools. Furthermore, the seasons influenced the occurrence of different prey items, which in turn modified the feeding tactics of the dolphins. In the Ilha Grande Bay we observed that bouts lasted longer and larger groups engaged in the feeding tactics, which may be associated with the seasonal spawning of larger schooling fish such as Sardinella brasiliensis (Steindachner, 1879) (Teleostei: Clupeidae). However, in the Sepetiba Bay, we observed longer feeding bouts and a smaller number of individuals engaged in the feeding tactics during autumn-winter. This may be associated with the fact that the most abundant prey species, Micropogonias furnieri (Desmarest, 1823) (Teleostei: Sciaenidae), gathers in small schools. Calves were present in 95% of all coordinated feeding tactics that occurred in the Ilha Grande Bay and in approximately 61% of feeding tactics in the Sepetiba Bay, suggesting that these areas are important for social learning. This study provides more information about feeding tactics and improves knowledge of the coordinated behavior of Sotalia guianensis (Van Benéden, 1864).

Coordinated feeding behavior of the Guiana dolphin, Sotalia guianensis (Cetacea: Delphinidae), in southeastern Brazil: a comparison between populations

The coordinated feeding tactics used by delphinids are influenced by differences in the distribution of prey species, season, and opportunities for social learning. In the present study, we compared the coordinated feeding behavior of two populations of the Guiana dolphin, Sotalia guianensis, in southeastern Brazil, and how these feeding tactics vary seasonality and in the presence of calves. We observed eight types of coordinated feeding tactics, which differed in frequency and in the mean number of individuals engaged in them, and between both areas. Feeding tactics used to herd and capture prey were the most frequent and engaged a greater number of individuals, suggesting that these tactics are better for capturing fish that gather in larger schools. Furthermore, the seasons influenced the occurrence of different prey items, which in turn modified the feeding tactics of the dolphins. In the Ilha Grande Bay we observed that bouts lasted longer and larger groups engaged in the feeding tactics, which may be associated with the seasonal spawning of larger schooling fish such as Sardinella brasiliensis (Steindachner, 1879) (Teleostei: Clupeidae). However, in the Sepetiba Bay, we observed longer feeding bouts and a smaller number of individuals engaged in the feeding tactics during autumn-winter. This may be associated with the fact that the most abundant prey species, Micropogonias furnieri (Desmarest, 1823) (Teleostei: Sciaenidae), gathers in small schools. Calves were present in 95% of all coordinated feeding tactics that occurred in the Ilha Grande Bay and in approximately 61% of feeding tactics in the Sepetiba Bay, suggesting that these areas are important for social learning. This study provides more information about feeding tactics and improves knowledge of the coordinated behavior of Sotalia guianensis (Van Benéden, 1864).

Dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls concentrations in Larus dominicanus. Case study: Marambaia island, Sepetiba bay, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil / Concentrações de dioxinas e bifenilas policloradas em Larus dominicanus. Estudo de caso: ilha da Marambaia, baía de Sepetiba, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

Seabirds play a significant role as bioindicators: they are conspicuous, relatively easy to observe, well-established studied group of organisms, and in the focus of public interest due to pollution in aquatic ecosystem. Systematically, a significant number of man-made chemicals have been introduced in the marine environment and represent the major problem arising in the development worldwide. Many of these chemical contaminants are persistent, known to bioaccumulate and biomagnify through the aquatic food web, affecting species associated with aquatic systems. Dioxins [polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD), dibenzofurans (PCDF)] and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) concentrations were measured in Kelp gull Larus dominicanus collected from 2006 to 2011 on Marambaia Island, Sepetiba Bay, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Detectable liver concentrations of PCDD Fs-1 and PCBs were found in all samples analyzed. These represent some of the first measurements of PCDD Fs-1 and PCBs in seabirds from this area. Although levels of these contaminants in the tested species currently appear to fall below critical values, a continuous and systematic monitoring on these compounds becomes essential and desirable to not express toxic values in the future.(AU)

Aves marinhas desempenham uma função significativa como bioindicadores: elas são conspícuas, relativamente fáceis de observar, grupos de organismos de estudo bem estabelecidos e no foco de interesse público devido à poluição no ecossistema aquático. Sistematicamente, um número significativo de produtos químicos sintéticos vêm sendo introduzidos no ambiente marinho, representando um dos principais problemas que se coloca no desenvolvimento em todo o mundo. Muitos desses contaminantes químicos são persistentes, conhecidos por bioacumular e biomagnificar através de suas movimentações na cadeia alimentar, afetando espécies associadas aos sistemas aquáticos. Concentrações de dioxinas [dibenzo-p-dioxinas policloradas (PCDD), dibenzofuranos (PCDF)] e bifenilas policloradas (PCB) foram medidas em gaivotões Larus dominicanus coletadas de 2006 a 2011 na Ilha da Marambaia, Baía de Sepetiba, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Estes dados representam algumas das primeiras medições de PCDD Fs-1 e PCBs em aves marinhas nesta área estudada. Embora os níveis destes contaminantes na espécie testada apresentarem níveis abaixo dos valores críticos, o monitoramento contínuo, sistemático, torna-se imprescindível e desejável para que estes compostos não expressem no futuro valores tóxicos.(AU)

APERTIZADO DE SURURU, Mytella charruana (MOLLUSCA: BIVALVIA),ORIUNDO DE COMUNIDADE PESQUEIRA DE SEPETIBA, RIO DE JANEIRO,BRASIL: ANÁLISE MICROBIOLÓGICA, FÍSICO-QUÍMICA E COMPOSIÇÃOCENTESIMAL

A preocupação com a qualidade do pescado é de grande importância, pois é um alimento de alto valor nutritivo, mas tem grande susceptibilidade à deterioração e formação de substâncias prejudiciais à saúde quando as condições de conservação e manipulação não são mantidas. O cultivo de moluscos bivalves (ostras, mexilhões e sururu) além de ser uma fonte alternativa de alimentos, é uma opção para a subsistência das populações ribeirinhas, à medida que esse produto ganha espaço no mercado, principalmente nas regiões nordeste, sul e sudeste. Os sururus são organismos filtradores, capazes de absorver micropartículas em suspensão, as quais podem carrear elevadas concentrações de microrganismos patogênicos, outro fator importante é a má condição de manipulação que pode provocar toxinfecções alimentares, ambos provocando danos à saúde. Assim a pesquisa prevê a elaboração de um apertizado de sururu em salmoura, visando aumentar a diversidade de comercialização de produtos derivados do pescado pelas marisqueiras da Baia de Sepetiba, RJ, além de analisar o produto elaborado, dos pontos de vista físico-químico, microbiológico e toxicológico. De maneira integrada as diferentes instituições do Rio de Janeiro, sendo a UFF, PESAGRO-RJ, FIPERJ e a EMBRAPA, tem fundamental importância nas diferentes fases do projeto.

Concern about the quality of the fish is of great importance as it is a food of high nutritional value but it has great susceptibility to the deterioration and formation of substances harmful to health when the conditions of conservation and manipulation are not maintained. The cultivation of bivalve molluscs (oysters, mussels and sururu), besides being an alternative source of food, is an option for the subsistence of the riverside populations, as this product gains space in the market, mainly in the northeast, south and southeast regions. Sururus are filtering organisms, capable of absorbing suspended microparticles, which can carry high concentrations of pathogenic microorganisms, another important factor is the poor handling condition that can lead to foodborne toxinfections, both of which cause health damage. Thus, the work provides for the elaboration of an aperitif of brine sururu, aiming to increase the diversity of commercialization of products derived from fish by shellfish from Sepetiba Bay, besides analyzing the product elaborated from the physical, microbiological, toxicological and chemical point of view. In an integrated way the different institutions of Rio de Janeiro, being UFF, PESAGRO-RJ, FIPERJ and EMBRAPA, has fundamental importance in the different phases of the project.