Metazoan endoparasites of Acestrorhynchus lacustris (Actinopterygii: Acestrorhynchidae) from lagoons bordering the upper and middle São Francisco river basin, Brazil / Metazoários endoparasitos de Acestrorhynchus lacustris (Actinopterygii: Acestrorhynchidae) de lagoas marginais da bacia do alto e médio rio São Francisco, Brasil

The endoparasitic fauna of Acestrorhynchus lacustris from eight marginal lagoons of the upper and middle São Francisco river basin, Brazil, is recorded here for the first time. For this, a total of 106 specimens of A. lacustris were collected. Eighteen helminth species were found. The taxa recorded were phylum Platyhelminthes: one metacercaria of Clinostomum sp. (Trematoda: Clinostomidae) and plerocercoid larvae of unidentified species (Eucestoda: Proteocephalidae gen. sp.); phylum Acanthocephala: juvenile of Quadrigyrus sp.; and phylum Nematoda: larvae of Brevimulticaecum sp., Contracaecum sp. Type1, Contracaecum sp. Type2, Hysterothylacium sp., Gnathostoma sp., Spiroxys sp., juvenile and adult specimens of Freitascapillaria sp., Paracapillaria piscicola, Capillariidae gen. sp., Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) hilarii, Procamallanus (S.) inopinatus, Procamallanus (S.) saofranciscencis, Travassosnema travassosi paranaensis, Cystidicoloides fischeri and Spinitectus rodolphiheringi. Proteocephalidae gen. sp., Contracaecum sp. Type1 and Travassosnema t. paranaensis were present in all eight lagoons with high parasitic indexes. Proteocephalidae gen. sp., Brevimulticaecum sp., Gnathostoma sp., Freitascapillaria sp., P. piscicola, Capillariidae gen. sp., Procamallanus (S.) hilarii, C. fischeri and S. rodolphiheringi are new records for A. lacustris. The known geographical distribution of Gnathostoma sp., Freitascapillaria sp., P. piscicola, Capillariidae gen. sp., Procamallanus (S.) hilarii and Travassosnema t. paranaensis has now been extended to the São Francisco river basin.(AU)

A fauna endoparasitária de Acestrorhynchus lacustris de oito lagoas marginais da bacia do alto e médio rio São Francisco, Brasil, foi registrada pela primeira vez. Para isso, um total de 106 espécimes de A. lacustris foi coletado. Dezoito espécies de helmintos foram encontradas. Os táxons relacionados foram do Filo Platyhelminthes: uma metacercária de Clinostomum sp. (Trematoda: Clinostomidae); larvas plerocercoides de espécie não identificada (Eucestoda: Proteocephalidae gen. sp.); Filo Acanthocephala: juvenil de Quadrigyrus sp.; e Filo Nematoda: larvas de Brevimulticaecum sp., Contracaecum sp. Tipo1, Contracaecum sp. Tipo2, Hysterothylacium sp., Gnathostoma sp., Spiroxys sp.; juvenis e adultos de Freitascapillaria sp., Paracapillaria piscicola, Capillariidae gen. sp., Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) hilarii, Procamallanus (S.) inopinatus, Procamallanus (S.) saofranciscencis, Travassosnema travassosi paranaensis, Cystidicoloides fischeri e Spinitectus rodolphiheringi. Proteocephalidae gen. sp., Contracaecum sp. Tipo1 e Travassosnema t. paranaensis foram compartilhadas entre todas as oito lagoas com altos índices parasitários. Proteocephalidae gen. sp., Brevimulticaecum sp., Gnathostoma sp., Freitascapillaria sp., P. piscicola, Capillariidae gen. sp., Procamallanus (S.) hilarii, C. fischeri e S. rodolphiheringi são novos registros para A. lacustris. Gnathostoma sp., Freitascapillaria sp., P. piscicola, Capillariidae gen. sp., Procamallanus (S.) hilarii e Travassosnema t. paranaensis têm sua distribuição geográfica estendida para a bacia do rio São Francisco.(AU)

Parasitic helminths of the non-native serrasalmid fish Metynnis lippincottianus from the Três Marias Reservoir, Southeast Brazil / Helmintos parasitos do peixe serrasalmídeo não-nativo Metynnis lippincottianus do Reservatório de Três Marias, Sudeste do Brasil

Metynnis lippincottianus is a freshwater native fish to the Guiana basin and Amazon basin and was recently introduced into the São Francisco River in Brazil. This study aimed to determine the helminths parasites of M. lippincottianus from the Três Marias Reservoir, upper São Francisco River, State of Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil. From 67 hosts examined, 63 were parasitized by 9,257 helminths represented by five species: Dadayius sp. [prevalence (P) = 1.49%, mean abundance (MA) = 0.01]; proteocephalid plerocercoids (P = 43.28%, MA = 5.04); Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus (P = 29.85%, MA = 0.54); Spinitectus rodolphiheringi (P = 2.99%, MA = 0.03); Spinoxyuris sp. (P = 85.07%, MA = 132.54). These findings show that M. lippincottianus is an additional host to the helminths infecting fish native to the São Francisco River (plerocercoids, P. (S.) inopinatus and S. rodolphiheringi), and highlight the fact that Dadayius sp. and Spinoxyuris sp., which were typically found in native Metynnis spp. in other basins, also parasitizing the non-native serrasalmid M. lippincottianus in São Francisco River. These two helminth species have thrived in this freshwater ecosystem with the expansion of the geographical distribution of the host species to the São Francisco River.(AU)

Metynnis lippincottianus é uma espécie de peixe de água doce nativa da bacia da Guiana e bacia amazônica que foi recentemente introduzida no rio São Francisco, Brasil. O presente estudo objetivou determinar quais espécies de helmintos parasitam M. lippincottianus do Reservatório de Três Marias, alto rio São Francisco, Minas Gerais, Sudeste do Brasil. Dos 67 espécimes de peixes examinados, 63 estavam parasitados pelo total de 9.257 helmintos representados por cinco espécies: Dadayius sp. [prevalência (P) = 1,49% e abundância média (AM) = 0,01)]; plerocercoides proteocefalídeos (P = 43,28%, AM = 5,04); Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus ) inopinatus (P = 29,85%, AM = 0,54); Spinitectus rodolphiheringi (P = 2,99%, AM = 0,03); Spinoxyuris sp. (P = 85,07%, AM = 132,54). Estes resultados mostram que M. lippincottianus é um hospedeiro adicional para os helmintos que infectam peixes nativos do rio São Francisco (plerocercoides, P. (S.) inopinatus e S. rodophiheringi) e destacam o fato de que Dadayius sp. e Spinoxyuris sp., geralmente encontradas em Metynnis spp. nativas em outras bacias, também parasitam o serrasalmídeo não-nativo M. lippincottianus no rio São Francisco. Estas duas espécies se estabeleceram neste ecossistema de água doce com a expansão da distribuição geográfica do hospedeiro para o rio São Francisco.(AU)

Nematodes of Astyanax fasciatus (Actinopterygii: Characidae) and their parasitic indices in the São Francisco river, Brazil / Nematoides de Astyanax fasciatus (Actinopterygii: Characidae) e seus índices parasitários do rio São Francisco, Brasil

The endoparasite fauna of Astyanax fasciatus from the upper São Francisco river was investigated and ecological parameters and morphological and morphometric data on the parasites are presented. A total of 74 specimens of banded astyanax were collected downstream from the Três Marias dam, municipality of Três Marias, Minas Gerais (18°1232S, 45°1541W) in January 2011 and January 2012. Eleven taxa of Nematoda were found: Contracaecum sp.; Hysterothylacium sp.; Goezia sp.; Brevimulticaecum sp.; Procamallanus sp.; Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) saofranciscencis; Cystidicoloides sp.; Spinitectus rodolphiheringi; Rhabdochona sp.; Spiroxys sp.; and Eustrongylides sp.. The fauna of A. fasciatus consisted of by larval specimens of Contracaecum sp., Hysterothylacium sp., Brevimulticaecum sp., Cystidicoloides sp., and Spiroxys sp., and by adult specimens of P. saofranciscencis, whose prevalence was greater than 10%. Thus, this fish acts as an intermediate host of some species of larval nematodes especially, Anisakidae and Acanthocheilidae (Brevimulticaecum sp., new host record and new locality). It participates in transmitting species such Rhabdochona sp. to carnivorous fish and also acts as a definitive host for P. saofranciscencis and S. rodolphiheringi in the upper São Francisco river.(AU)

A fauna endoparasitária de Astyanax fasciatus do alto rio São Francisco foi investigada e os parâmetros ecológicos e os dados morfométricos e morfológicos dos parasitos apresentados. Um total de 74 espécimes de lambaris foi coletado à jusante da barragem de Três Marias, município de Três Marias, Minas Gerais (18°1232S, 45°1541W), em janeiro de 2011 e de 2012. Onze táxons de Nematoda foram encontrados: Contracaecum sp., Hysterothylacium sp., Goezia sp., Brevimulticaecum sp., Procamallanus sp., Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) saofranciscencis, Cystidicoloides sp., Spinitectus rodolphiheringi, Rhabdochona sp., Spiroxys sp. e Eustrongylides sp.. A fauna de A. fasciatus foi caracterizada por espécimes larvais de Contracaecum sp., Hysterothylacium sp., Brevimulticaecum sp., Cystidicoloides sp., Spiroxys sp. e por espécimes adultos de P. saofranciscencis, cuja prevalência foi maior que 10%. Assim, o lambari atua como hospedeiro intermediário de algumas espécies de nematoides larvais, especialmente, Anisakidae e Acanthocheilidae (Brevimulticaecum sp., novos hospedeiro e localidade); participa na transmissão de espécies como Rhabdochona sp., para peixes carnívoros, e atua também como hospedeiro definitivo para P. saofranciscencis e S. rodolphiheringi no alto Rio São Francisco.(AU)

Caracterização morfológica e molecular de helmintos de piau coletados na bacia do Rio Tocantins

As parasitoses de pescado implicam em prejuízos à cadeia produtiva pela desvalorização das carcaças infectadas e constitui problema de saúde pública em decorrência dos riscos de zoonose, sendo escassos os estudos referentes às parasitoses de peixes. O estudo identificouos parasitas, por meio de técnicas morfológicas e moleculares, e determinou os indicadores de infecção de Laemolyta garmani, Leporinus tigrinus, Argonectes robertsi e Hemiodus unimaculatusprocedentesdo Rio Tocantins. Foram adquiridos 54 peixes entre agosto e outubro de 2015,os quais foram anestesiados, eutanasiados e submetidos à necropsia, de acordo com o Guia Brasileiro de Boas Práticas de Eutanásia Animal do Conselho Federal de Medicina Veterinária. A superfície corpórea, brânquias, cavidade abdominal, coração, fígado, vesícula biliar, baço, estômago, intestinos, gônadas e bexiga natatória foram analisados quanto à presença de parasitas. Identificou-se 461 espécimes de parasitas em 59,26% (32/54) dos peixes coletados. Na fauna parasitária de L. tigrinus foram encontradas duas espécies de helmintos, Goezia leporini em 16% dos animais e Rondotrema microvitellarum em 8%. L. garmani apresentou infecção por Spinitectus rodolphiheringi (4%), Brasilnema sp. (28%) e os digenéticos R. microvitellarum (16%) e Culuwiya sp. (8%). O estudo relatou pela primeira vez a ocorrência do nematódeoSpinitectus rodolphiheringi parasitando o intestino de A. robertsi, com prevalência de 7%, além da confirmação da classificação taxonômica mediante análise filogenética do gene citocromo C mitocondrial subunidade I. Procamallanus inopitanuse Neochinorhychus sp. foram encontrados no intestino de H. unimaculatus.A identificação dos parasitas e determinação do seu perfil epidemiológico permitem estabelecer métodosde manejo adequados, reduzindo infecções nos animais, evitandoa diminuição do seu valor comercial e impacto negativo na cadeia produtiva.

Parasitic diseases represent one of the most important problems in fish production due to the decline of infected carcasses and public health problems due to the risk of zoonoses, being scarce studies on fish parasites. This study identified the parasites, using morphological and molecular techniques, and determined infection indicators, of the collared Laemolyta garmani, Leporinus tigrinus, Argonectes robertsi and Hemiodus unimaculatus the Tocantins River. Fifty four fish were adquired between August and October 2015, anesthetized, euthanized and submitted to necropsy, according to the Brazilian Good Practice Guide for Animal Euthanasy of the Federal Board of Veterinary Medicine. The body surface, gills, abdominal cavity, heart, liver, gallbladder, spleen, stomach, intestines, gonads and swimming bladder were analyzed for the presence of parasites. A total of 461 specimens of parasites were identified in 59.26% (32/54) of the fish collected. L. tigrinus presented infection by two species of helminths, Goezia leporini, found in 16% of the animals and Rondotrema microvitellarum in 8%. L. garmani presented infection by Spinitectus rodolphiheringi (4%), Brasilnema sp. (28%), R. microvitellarum (16%) and Culuwiya sp. (8%). The study reported for the first time the occurrence of the nematode Spinitectus rodolphiheringi in the intestine of A. robertsi, with a prevalence of 7%, as well the confirmation of the taxonomic classification by mitochondrial cytochrome C subunit I phylogenetic analysis. Procamallanus inopitanus and Neochinorhychus sp. were found in the intestine of H. unimaculatus. The identification of the parasites and determination of their infection indicators allow to establishing appropriate management methods, reducing infections in the animals, avoiding a decrease in the commercial value and negative impact on the productive chain.

Ecological parameters of the endohelminths in relation to size and sex of Prochilodus argenteus (Actinopterygii: Prochilodontidae) from the Upper São Francisco River, Minas Gerais, Brazil

This research aimed to investigate the ecological indexes of the helminths of the digestive system and coelom of Prochilodus argenteus Spix & Agassiz, 1829. A total of 150 specimens (53 males and 97 females) taken from the upper reaches of the São Francisco River in the municipality of Três Marias (18º12'32"S, 45º15'41"W), State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, were examined. The specimens were collected in July, 2003 and January, 2004. Ninety-eight fish (65.3%) were infected by at least one species of helminth. Five helminth species were found: one digenean, Saccocoelioides nanii Szidat, 1954; two Eucestoda, Valipora sp., and one undetermined metacestode; one nematode, Spinitectus asperus Travassos, Artigas & Pereira, 1928; and one acanthocephalan, Neoechinorhynchus prochilodorum Nickol & Thatcher, 1971. The sex of the host did not influence parasite indexes. The total length of the hosts influenced the abundance of S. nanii (r s = -0.21, p = 0.01) and the prevalence of the metacestode (r = -0.91, p = 0.01). Saccocoelioides nanii was the dominant species in the parasite fauna of P. argenteus. Saccocoelioides nanii, Valipora sp., S. asperus and N. prochilodorum are reported here for the first time in P. argenteus and their known distribution is expanded to the São Francisco River.

Ecological parameters of the endohelminths in relation to size and sex of Prochilodus argenteus (Actinopterygii: Prochilodontidae) from the Upper São Francisco River, Minas Gerais, Brazil

This research aimed to investigate the ecological indexes of the helminths of the digestive system and coelom of Prochilodus argenteus Spix & Agassiz, 1829. A total of 150 specimens (53 males and 97 females) taken from the upper reaches of the São Francisco River in the municipality of Três Marias (18º12'32"S, 45º15'41"W), State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, were examined. The specimens were collected in July, 2003 and January, 2004. Ninety-eight fish (65.3%) were infected by at least one species of helminth. Five helminth species were found: one digenean, Saccocoelioides nanii Szidat, 1954; two Eucestoda, Valipora sp., and one undetermined metacestode; one nematode, Spinitectus asperus Travassos, Artigas & Pereira, 1928; and one acanthocephalan, Neoechinorhynchus prochilodorum Nickol & Thatcher, 1971. The sex of the host did not influence parasite indexes. The total length of the hosts influenced the abundance of S. nanii (r s = -0.21, p = 0.01) and the prevalence of the metacestode (r = -0.91, p = 0.01). Saccocoelioides nanii was the dominant species in the parasite fauna of P. argenteus. Saccocoelioides nanii, Valipora sp., S. asperus and N. prochilodorum are reported here for the first time in P. argenteus and their known distribution is expanded to the São Francisco River.

Ecological parameters of the endohelminths in relation to size and sex of Prochilodus argenteus (Actinopterygii: Prochilodontidae) from the Upper São Francisco River, Minas Gerais, Brazil

This research aimed to investigate the ecological indexes of the helminths of the digestive system and coelom of Prochilodus argenteus Spix & Agassiz, 1829. A total of 150 specimens (53 males and 97 females) taken from the upper reaches of the São Francisco River in the municipality of Três Marias (18º12'32"S, 45º15'41"W), State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, were examined. The specimens were collected in July, 2003 and January, 2004. Ninety-eight fish (65.3%) were infected by at least one species of helminth. Five helminth species were found: one digenean, Saccocoelioides nanii Szidat, 1954; two Eucestoda, Valipora sp., and one undetermined metacestode; one nematode, Spinitectus asperus Travassos, Artigas & Pereira, 1928; and one acanthocephalan, Neoechinorhynchus prochilodorum Nickol & Thatcher, 1971. The sex of the host did not influence parasite indexes. The total length of the hosts influenced the abundance of S. nanii (r s = -0.21, p = 0.01) and the prevalence of the metacestode (r = -0.91, p = 0.01). Saccocoelioides nanii was the dominant species in the parasite fauna of P. argenteus. Saccocoelioides nanii, Valipora sp., S. asperus and N. prochilodorum are reported here for the first time in P. argenteus and their known distribution is expanded to the São Francisco River.