Effects of multimodal environmental modification in crystal-related feline lower urinary tract diseases / Efeitos da modificação ambiental multimodal em felinos com cristais doenças do trato urinário inferior relacionadas a cristais

This study aims to analyze the effects of multimodal environmental modification (MEMO) of cats with recurrence of lower urinary tract signs (LUTS). Treatment of FLUTD included pharmacological treatment, dietary management, and multimodal environmental modification approaches. Twenty client-owned indoor-housed cats with recurrence of lower urinary tract signs had been covered in this observation. Diagnosis of lower urinary tract was made primarily based on the cat's clinical signs, results of laboratory parameters, urinalysis and ultrasonographic examination. Cats were divided into two groups as cefovecin (8 mg/kg sc, single time use) + meloxicam (0.1mg/kg q24h, 3 days) + dry food including l-tryptophan and milk protein hydrolysate to dissolve struvite stones (Group 1) and cefovecin + meloxicam + dry food including l-tryptophan and milk protein hydrolysate to dissolve struvite stones + multimodal environmental modification (Group 2). Clinical and urinary parameters are scored as 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 points on initial, third, seventh days. Scores of clinical parameters were significantly different between (p<0.05) group 2 and group 1 on the third and seventh days and scores of urinary parameters are significantly different between (p<0.05) group 2 than group 1 on the seventh day. Clients who were contacted after 1 year reported that they did not see any clinical signs of urinary tract diseases.

Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da modificação ambiental multimodal (MEMO) em gatos com recorrência de sinais do trato urinário inferior (LUTS). O tratamento da FLUTD incluiu tratamento farmacológico, controle dietético e abordagens de modificação ambiental multimodal. Vinte gatos de propriedade de clientes, alojados em ambientes fechados, com recorrência de sinais do trato urinário inferior foram incluídos nessa observação. O diagnóstico do trato urinário inferior foi feito principalmente com base nos sinais clínicos do gato, nos resultados dos parâmetros laboratoriais, na urinálise e no exame ultrassonográfico. Os gatos foram divididos em dois grupos: cefovecina (8 mg/kg sc, uso único) + meloxicam (0,1mg/kg q24h, 3 dias) + ração seca incluindo l-triptofano e hidrolisado de proteína do leite para dissolver cálculos de estruvita (Grupo 1) e cefovecina + meloxicam + ração seca incluindo l-triptofano e hidrolisado de proteína do leite para dissolver cálculos de estruvita + modificação ambiental multimodal (Grupo 2). Os parâmetros clínicos e urinários foram pontuados como 0, 1, 2, 3 ou 4 pontos no primeiro, terceiro e sétimo dias. As pontuações dos parâmetros clínicos foram significativamente diferentes entre (p<0,05) o grupo 2 e o grupo 1 no terceiro e sétimo dias, e as pontuações dos parâmetros urinários foram significativamente diferentes entre (p<0,05) o grupo 2 e o grupo 1 no sétimo dia. Os clientes que foram contatados após um ano relataram que não observaram nenhum sinal clínico de doenças do trato urinário.

Mineral composition and clinical aspects of urolithiasis in cats in Brazil / Composição mineral e aspectos clínicos da urolitíase em gatos no Brasil

Between October 2016 and October 2017, 63 feline uroliths were analyzed at Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG) by using both chemical analysis and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The most frequent mineral type found was struvite (53.9%), followed by urate (39.7%), calcium oxalate (30.1%) and calcium phosphate (25.3%). Calculus containing xanthine, cystine and silica were not observed. Uroliths classified as simple, comprised a total of 34/63. Amongst the 42 animals present in the study, 26 were male and 16 were female. Pure breed animals comprised 14.4% of the total, and the breeds observed within the study were the Persian, Himalayan, Siamese, and Angora. Cats between 25-72 months old were more frequently diagnosed with uroliths. The clinical signs varied between systemic and urinary signs and the most found were anorexia, vomiting, hematuria and dysuria. All patients were either spayed or neutered and 34 patients had no outdoor access. Familial information was unknown in almost 100% of the cases. The results observed in the present study serve as a basis for future comparisons related to the epidemiology of urinary lithiasis in Brazil, especially for the feline species.

Entre outubro de 2016 e outubro de 2017, 63 urólitos felinos foram analisados na Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), usando-se tanto análise química quanto espectroscopia por energia dispersiva (EDS). O tipo de mineral mais encontrado foi o estruvita (53,9%), seguido pelo urato (39,7%), oxalato de cálcio (30,1%) e fosfato de cálcio (25,3%). Cálculos contendo xantina, cistina e sílica não foram observados. Urólitos classificados como simples comprometeram um total de 34/63. Entre os 42 animais presentes no estudo, 26 eram machos e 16 eram fêmeas. Dos animais comprometidos, 14,4% eram de raças puras, sendo observadas as raças Persa, Himalaio, Siamês e Angorá. Gatos com idade entre 25-72 meses foram mais frequentemente diagnosticados com urólitos. Os sinais clínicos variaram entre sinais sistêmicos e urinários, sendo anorexia, vômito, hematúria e disúria os mais encontrados. Todos os pacientes eram castrados, e 34 deles não tinham acesso à rua. Histórico familiar era desconhecido em quase 100% dos casos. Os resultados observados no presente estudo servem como base para comparações futuras relacionadas à epidemiologia da litíase urinária no Brasil, especialmente em espécies felinas.

Ultrasonographic and radiographic diagnosis of ectopic ureter in a dog

Background: Ureteral ectopia (or ectopic ureter) is a congenital anomaly of the urinary system in which the ureter insertsanywhere other than the vesical trigone. This anatomical change may have unilateral or bilateral involvement. The mostevident clinical sign, occurring mostly in females, is urinary incontinence, however in some cases the condition may progressto nephritis and dilation of the renal pelvis. The diagnosis is established through imaging, and definitive treatment requiressurgical approach. The present study reports a case of ureteral ectopia in a dog which was diagnosed by ultrasound andcontrast radiography (excretory urography) and successfully treated by neoureterostomy.Case: A 10-month-old female American Pit Bull Terrier was attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid (UFERSA), in Mossoró, RN. Her owner reported incontinence of dark, malodorous urine sincebirth as the chief complaint. After clinical examination, cystitis was suspected, and a complete blood count, urinalysis,and abdominal ultrasound was requested. The blood count and creatinine were within the reference values. The presenceof struvite crystals were found on urinalysis. Ultrasound examination revealed a tortuous, dilated right ureter from therenal pelvis to the urinary bladder; no uroliths were identified as a cause of potential obstruction, but the ipsilateral kidneyshowed increased cortical echogenicity, loss of corticomedullary definition, and moderate pelvic dilation. These findingssupported a presumptive diagnosis of ectopic ureter. For the purpose of confirming this suspicion, excretory urography wasperformed, revealing unilateral ureteral dilation and radiopaque contrast uptake following the path of the urethra. Once thediagnosis was confirmed, surgery was performed to correct the ureteral ectopia using the standard...

Ultrasonographic and radiographic diagnosis of ectopic ureter in a dog

Background: Ureteral ectopia (or ectopic ureter) is a congenital anomaly of the urinary system in which the ureter insertsanywhere other than the vesical trigone. This anatomical change may have unilateral or bilateral involvement. The mostevident clinical sign, occurring mostly in females, is urinary incontinence, however in some cases the condition may progressto nephritis and dilation of the renal pelvis. The diagnosis is established through imaging, and definitive treatment requiressurgical approach. The present study reports a case of ureteral ectopia in a dog which was diagnosed by ultrasound andcontrast radiography (excretory urography) and successfully treated by neoureterostomy.Case: A 10-month-old female American Pit Bull Terrier was attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid (UFERSA), in Mossoró, RN. Her owner reported incontinence of dark, malodorous urine sincebirth as the chief complaint. After clinical examination, cystitis was suspected, and a complete blood count, urinalysis,and abdominal ultrasound was requested. The blood count and creatinine were within the reference values. The presenceof struvite crystals were found on urinalysis. Ultrasound examination revealed a tortuous, dilated right ureter from therenal pelvis to the urinary bladder; no uroliths were identified as a cause of potential obstruction, but the ipsilateral kidneyshowed increased cortical echogenicity, loss of corticomedullary definition, and moderate pelvic dilation. These findingssupported a presumptive diagnosis of ectopic ureter. For the purpose of confirming this suspicion, excretory urography wasperformed, revealing unilateral ureteral dilation and radiopaque contrast uptake following the path of the urethra. Once thediagnosis was confirmed, surgery was performed to correct the ureteral ectopia using the standard...(AU)

Pathological changes of urinary system in a dog with urolithiasis and renal papillary necrosis

Background: Urolithiasis is one of the important lower urinary tract diseases in dogs. Uroliths develop when urine becomes“supersaturated”. Struvite urolithiasis in dogs is formed when urine saturated with magnesium, ammonium and phosphate.Renal papillary necrosis is a form of nephropathy involving the necrosis of the renal papilla. The aim of this case is theevaluation of histopathological changes in kidney and urinary bladder caused by urolithiasis with sitruvite, a pathologycommonly seen in dogs. Renal papillary necrosis that encountered in the case was evaluated histopathologically. We intendto discuss the relationship between urolithiasis and renal papillary necrosis.Case: The material of the case was a 7.5 year-old Rottweiler female dog that had been operated for the urolithiasis treatment and died after surgery. The animal sent to pathology department was necropsied and evaluated histopathologically.Also the uroliths removed during the surgery were sent for analysis postoperatively. Qualitative composition of urolithswas determined by a series of chemical analyses in Department of Biochemistry. X-ray diffraction was performed as wellin General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration in the objective of result verification. Macroscopically, 30pieces uroliths with varying size from 1 mm to 3 cm were seen in urinary bladder. They were 110 g in weight with smoothsurface and round and/or ovoid shapes. After necropsy, specimens from kidney and urinary bladder were fixed in 10%neutral buffered formalin, embedded in paraffin wax, cut at 5 μm, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE). Bladderwall thickening and hemorrhage on mucosa were noticed. Kidneys had roughened surface with the capsule being difficultto peel off. Also, renal papillary necrosis, reddish in color was observed in papilla of the right kidney. Microscopically,crystal formations were observed proximal tubule lumens of kidneys. Interstitial nephritis...

Pathological changes of urinary system in a dog with urolithiasis and renal papillary necrosis

Background: Urolithiasis is one of the important lower urinary tract diseases in dogs. Uroliths develop when urine becomes“supersaturated”. Struvite urolithiasis in dogs is formed when urine saturated with magnesium, ammonium and phosphate.Renal papillary necrosis is a form of nephropathy involving the necrosis of the renal papilla. The aim of this case is theevaluation of histopathological changes in kidney and urinary bladder caused by urolithiasis with sitruvite, a pathologycommonly seen in dogs. Renal papillary necrosis that encountered in the case was evaluated histopathologically. We intendto discuss the relationship between urolithiasis and renal papillary necrosis.Case: The material of the case was a 7.5 year-old Rottweiler female dog that had been operated for the urolithiasis treatment and died after surgery. The animal sent to pathology department was necropsied and evaluated histopathologically.Also the uroliths removed during the surgery were sent for analysis postoperatively. Qualitative composition of urolithswas determined by a series of chemical analyses in Department of Biochemistry. X-ray diffraction was performed as wellin General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration in the objective of result verification. Macroscopically, 30pieces uroliths with varying size from 1 mm to 3 cm were seen in urinary bladder. They were 110 g in weight with smoothsurface and round and/or ovoid shapes. After necropsy, specimens from kidney and urinary bladder were fixed in 10%neutral buffered formalin, embedded in paraffin wax, cut at 5 μm, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE). Bladderwall thickening and hemorrhage on mucosa were noticed. Kidneys had roughened surface with the capsule being difficultto peel off. Also, renal papillary necrosis, reddish in color was observed in papilla of the right kidney. Microscopically,crystal formations were observed proximal tubule lumens of kidneys. Interstitial nephritis...(AU)

Reincidência de urólitos de estruvita em cão da raça pug - relato de caso / Struvite uroliths relapse on breed dogs pug - case report / Reincidencia de urolitos de estruvita en perro de raza pug - informe de caso

A urolitíase é uma enfermidade de ampla incidência em cães. Este termo caracteriza a presença de urólitos, que consistem na união de cristais que se formam no trato urinário. A deposição destes cristais é decorrente de vários fatores, sejam estes adquiridos ou congênitos cursando em debilidade do animal quando ocorre obstrução podendo levar a morte quando um processo de intervenção não ocorre. A reincidência da patologia é alta para os animais onde se realizou intervenção cirúrgica sendo sua causa ainda não determinada. Sendo assim, o objetivo com a execução deste trabalho foi relatar um caso de reincidência de urolitíase em um cão da raça Pug atendido em clínica veterinária da região de Dourados - MS. O cão foi encaminhado para atendimento devido a alterações comportamentais observadas pelo proprietário e em anamnese realizada por veterinário foi constatado possível quadro de urolitíase já que este apresentava distensão e desconforto abdominal, hematúria e polaquiúria, procedendo-se então exames confirmatórios de raio-X e ultrassom para verificação da localização e número de cálculos. Realizou-se procedimento de cistotomia e acompanhamento clínico do animal, porém o mesmo apresentou três outras recidivas. Por meio do acompanhamento do animal e análise dos urólitos diagnosticou-se que a patologia estava associada à alimentação procedendo-se recomendações quanto a dieta e, ainda, em virtude de suas recidivas determinou-se que esta patologia também estava associada ao estresse sofrido pelo animal já que havia durante todas as ocorrências agentes estranhos no ambiente e após sua retirada houve melhora.

Urolithiasis is a pathology of wide incidence in dogs. This term characterizes the presence of uroliths, which consist of crystals that form in the urinary tract of the affected animals. The deposition of these crystals is due to several factors, being acquired or congenital coursing in weakness of the animal and death when an intervention process does not occur. The recurrence of the pathology is high for the animals where the intervention was performed and its cause has not yet been determined. Therefore, the objective of this work was to report a case of recurrence of urolithiasis in a pug dog attended at a veterinary clinic in Dourados - MS. The dog was fowarded for care due to behavioral changes observed by the owner and in an anamnesis performed by a veterinarian, a possible urolithiasis case was observed, since it presented distension and abdominal discomfort, hematuria and polaquiuria then proceeding to confirmatory X-ray and ultrasound examinations to verify the location and number of stones. A cystotomy procedure and clinical follow-up of the animal were performed however, it presented three other recurrences. Through the monitoring of the animal and analysis of the uroliths, it was diagnosed that the pathology was associated with diet, proceeding to recommendations as for diet and, still due to its relapses, it was determined that this pathology was also associated with the stress suffered by the animal since there were during all occurrences strange agents in the environment and after its removal there was an improvement.

La urolitiasis es una enfermedad de amplia incidencia en perros. Este término caracteriza la presencia de urolitos, que consisten en la unión de cristales que se forman en el tracto urinario. La deposición de estos cristales se debe a varios factores, ya sean adquiridos o congénitos, que resultan en debilidad del animal cuando se produce la obstrucción y pueden provocar la muerte cuando no se produce un proceso de intervención. La recurrencia de la patología es alta para los animales que se sometieron a intervención quirúrgica y su causa aún no se ha determinado. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue informar un caso de recurrencia de urolitiasis en un perro Pug visto en una clínica veterinaria en Dourados - MS. El perro fue derivado para recibir atención debido a los cambios de comportamiento observados por el propietario y en la anamnesis realizada por el veterinario se observó una posible urolitiasis, ya que presentaba distensión y molestias abdominales, hematuria y polaquuria, y luego exámenes de rayos X y ultrasonidos confirmatorios. para verificación de ubicación y número de cálculos. Se realizó un procedimiento de cistotomía y un seguimiento clínico del animal, pero el paciente presentó otras tres recurrencias. Al monitorear al animal y analizar los urolitos, se diagnosticó que la patología estaba asociada con la comida, se hicieron recomendaciones con respecto a la dieta y, debido a sus recaídas, se determinó que esta patología también estaba asociada con el estrés sufrido por el animal. dado que hubo durante todos los casos agentes extranjeros en el medio ambiente y después de su eliminación hubo una mejora.

Reincidência de urólitos de estruvita em cão da raça pug - relato de caso / Struvite uroliths relapse on breed dogs pug - case report / Reincidencia de urolitos de estruvita en perro de raza pug - informe de caso

A urolitíase é uma enfermidade de ampla incidência em cães. Este termo caracteriza a presença de urólitos, que consistem na união de cristais que se formam no trato urinário. A deposição destes cristais é decorrente de vários fatores, sejam estes adquiridos ou congênitos cursando em debilidade do animal quando ocorre obstrução podendo levar a morte quando um processo de intervenção não ocorre. A reincidência da patologia é alta para os animais onde se realizou intervenção cirúrgica sendo sua causa ainda não determinada. Sendo assim, o objetivo com a execução deste trabalho foi relatar um caso de reincidência de urolitíase em um cão da raça Pug atendido em clínica veterinária da região de Dourados - MS. O cão foi encaminhado para atendimento devido a alterações comportamentais observadas pelo proprietário e em anamnese realizada por veterinário foi constatado possível quadro de urolitíase já que este apresentava distensão e desconforto abdominal, hematúria e polaquiúria, procedendo-se então exames confirmatórios de raio-X e ultrassom para verificação da localização e número de cálculos. Realizou-se procedimento de cistotomia e acompanhamento clínico do animal, porém o mesmo apresentou três outras recidivas. Por meio do acompanhamento do animal e análise dos urólitos diagnosticou-se que a patologia estava associada à alimentação procedendo-se recomendações quanto a dieta e, ainda, em virtude de suas recidivas determinou-se que esta patologia também estava associada ao estresse sofrido pelo animal já que havia durante todas as ocorrências agentes estranhos no ambiente e após sua retirada houve melhora.(AU)

Urolithiasis is a pathology of wide incidence in dogs. This term characterizes the presence of uroliths, which consist of crystals that form in the urinary tract of the affected animals. The deposition of these crystals is due to several factors, being acquired or congenital coursing in weakness of the animal and death when an intervention process does not occur. The recurrence of the pathology is high for the animals where the intervention was performed and its cause has not yet been determined. Therefore, the objective of this work was to report a case of recurrence of urolithiasis in a pug dog attended at a veterinary clinic in Dourados - MS. The dog was fowarded for care due to behavioral changes observed by the owner and in an anamnesis performed by a veterinarian, a possible urolithiasis case was observed, since it presented distension and abdominal discomfort, hematuria and polaquiuria then proceeding to confirmatory X-ray and ultrasound examinations to verify the location and number of stones. A cystotomy procedure and clinical follow-up of the animal were performed however, it presented three other recurrences. Through the monitoring of the animal and analysis of the uroliths, it was diagnosed that the pathology was associated with diet, proceeding to recommendations as for diet and, still due to its relapses, it was determined that this pathology was also associated with the stress suffered by the animal since there were during all occurrences strange agents in the environment and after its removal there was an improvement.(AU)

La urolitiasis es una enfermedad de amplia incidencia en perros. Este término caracteriza la presencia de urolitos, que consisten en la unión de cristales que se forman en el tracto urinario. La deposición de estos cristales se debe a varios factores, ya sean adquiridos o congénitos, que resultan en debilidad del animal cuando se produce la obstrucción y pueden provocar la muerte cuando no se produce un proceso de intervención. La recurrencia de la patología es alta para los animales que se sometieron a intervención quirúrgica y su causa aún no se ha determinado. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue informar un caso de recurrencia de urolitiasis en un perro Pug visto en una clínica veterinaria en Dourados - MS. El perro fue derivado para recibir atención debido a los cambios de comportamiento observados por el propietario y en la anamnesis realizada por el veterinario se observó una posible urolitiasis, ya que presentaba distensión y molestias abdominales, hematuria y polaquuria, y luego exámenes de rayos X y ultrasonidos confirmatorios. para verificación de ubicación y número de cálculos. Se realizó un procedimiento de cistotomía y un seguimiento clínico del animal, pero el paciente presentó otras tres recurrencias. Al monitorear al animal y analizar los urolitos, se diagnosticó que la patología estaba asociada con la comida, se hicieron recomendaciones con respecto a la dieta y, debido a sus recaídas, se determinó que esta patología también estaba asociada con el estrés sufrido por el animal. dado que hubo durante todos los casos agentes extranjeros en el medio ambiente y después de su eliminación hubo una mejora.(AU)

Dissolution of struvite urolith by means of nutritional management and antibiotic therapy in dogs: case report / Dissolução de urólito de estruvita por meio de manejo nutricional e antibioticoterapia em cão: relato de caso

A urolitíase é doença frequente que acomete o trato urinário dos animais de companhia. O urólito de estruvita é o tipo mais frequentemente em cães. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso de dissolução de urólito de estruvita em bexiga urinária por meio de manejo dietético e antibioticoterapia, que apresentou resolução satisfatória. Um cão, fêmea, castrada, de 8 anos, da raça pequinês, foi atendida apresentando sinais clínicos compatíveis com infecção do trato urinário inferior e confirmados na urinálise com a presença de hematúria, piúria e bacteriúria e cultura urinária de 100.000 UFC de Staphylococcus sp. Ao exame radiográfico simples, constatou-se a presença de várias estruturas radiopacas, caracterizando urólitos, sendo a maior medindo 1,26 x 1,63 cm na vesícula urinária. Como tratamento foi instituído antibiotioticoterapia com Cevofecina 8 miligramas por quilograma de peso corporal por via subcutânea a cada 15 dias por 60 dias de acordo com o resultado do antibiograma e, como prescrição nutricional, utilizada dieta comercial seca formulada para dissolução de cálculos de estruvita. O animal foi radiografado no primeiro dia de atendimento, no segundo e no terceiro mês de acompanhamento, verificando-se redução progressiva do tamanho dos urólitos, não havendo evidências radiográficas e sombra acústica ao ultrassom na bexiga urinária após 70 dias de tratamento. A combinação de adequada antibioticoterapia e dieta calculolítica promoveu a dissolução total dos urólitos, não se fazendo necessário intervenção cirúrgica no paciente.

Urolithiasis is a frequent disease that affects urinary tract of animals companion. Struvite urolith is the most frequent type in dogs. The aim of this work is to report a dissolution case of struvite urolith in the urinary bladder through management diet and antibiotic therapy, which presented a satisfactory resolution. A female, spayed, eight years old, Pekingese breed dog was attended presenting clinical signs compatible with lower urinary tract infection and confirmed with hematuria, bacteria and urinary bacteria of 100,000 UFC of Staphylococcus sp. At the simple radiographic examination, a new presence of x-rays was detected, characterizing uroliths, being larger measuring 1.26 x 1.63 cm in the urinary vesicle. As a treatment antibiotiotic therapy with Cevofecin 8 milligrams per kilogram of body weight was administered subcutaneously every 15 days for 60 days according to the result of the antibiogram. The nutritional prescription was dry diet formulated for the dissolution of struvite stones. The animal was analyzed on the first day of care, in the second and third months of follow-up, with a progressive reduction in urolith size, no radiological evidence, and acoustic shadow on ultrasound in the urinary bladder after 70 days of treatment. The combination of antibiotic welcome and diet calculator promoted a complete dissolution of the urinary effects, did not become necessary non-patient surgical intervention.

Dissolution of struvite urolith by means of nutritional management and antibiotic therapy in dogs: case report / Dissolução de urólito de estruvita por meio de manejo nutricional e antibioticoterapia em cão: relato de caso

A urolitíase é doença frequente que acomete o trato urinário dos animais de companhia. O urólito de estruvita é o tipo mais frequentemente em cães. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso de dissolução de urólito de estruvita em bexiga urinária por meio de manejo dietético e antibioticoterapia, que apresentou resolução satisfatória. Um cão, fêmea, castrada, de 8 anos, da raça pequinês, foi atendida apresentando sinais clínicos compatíveis com infecção do trato urinário inferior e confirmados na urinálise com a presença de hematúria, piúria e bacteriúria e cultura urinária de 100.000 UFC de Staphylococcus sp. Ao exame radiográfico simples, constatou-se a presença de várias estruturas radiopacas, caracterizando urólitos, sendo a maior medindo 1,26 x 1,63 cm na vesícula urinária. Como tratamento foi instituído antibiotioticoterapia com Cevofecina 8 miligramas por quilograma de peso corporal por via subcutânea a cada 15 dias por 60 dias de acordo com o resultado do antibiograma e, como prescrição nutricional, utilizada dieta comercial seca formulada para dissolução de cálculos de estruvita. O animal foi radiografado no primeiro dia de atendimento, no segundo e no terceiro mês de acompanhamento, verificando-se redução progressiva do tamanho dos urólitos, não havendo evidências radiográficas e sombra acústica ao ultrassom na bexiga urinária após 70 dias de tratamento. A combinação de adequada antibioticoterapia e dieta calculolítica promoveu a dissolução total dos urólitos, não se fazendo necessário intervenção cirúrgica no paciente.(AU)

Urolithiasis is a frequent disease that affects urinary tract of animals companion. Struvite urolith is the most frequent type in dogs. The aim of this work is to report a dissolution case of struvite urolith in the urinary bladder through management diet and antibiotic therapy, which presented a satisfactory resolution. A female, spayed, eight years old, Pekingese breed dog was attended presenting clinical signs compatible with lower urinary tract infection and confirmed with hematuria, bacteria and urinary bacteria of 100,000 UFC of Staphylococcus sp. At the simple radiographic examination, a new presence of x-rays was detected, characterizing uroliths, being larger measuring 1.26 x 1.63 cm in the urinary vesicle. As a treatment antibiotiotic therapy with Cevofecin 8 milligrams per kilogram of body weight was administered subcutaneously every 15 days for 60 days according to the result of the antibiogram. The nutritional prescription was dry diet formulated for the dissolution of struvite stones. The animal was analyzed on the first day of care, in the second and third months of follow-up, with a progressive reduction in urolith size, no radiological evidence, and acoustic shadow on ultrasound in the urinary bladder after 70 days of treatment. The combination of antibiotic welcome and diet calculator promoted a complete dissolution of the urinary effects, did not become necessary non-patient surgical intervention.(AU)

Multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolated from dog: case report / Staphylococcus pseudintermedius multirresistente isolado do cão: relato de caso

The zoonotic potential of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria is a worldwide concern and companion animals have been implicated in the spread of resistant bacteria. Therefore, surveillance is important, as there are reports of transmission of these bacteria from dog to men, as well as from men to dog. A 5-year-old mixed-breed male dog was admitted with obstructive struvite urolithiasis relapsing for over 18 months, in Botucatu, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The strain, biochemically identified as Staphylococcus spp., was MDR and was treated off-label with vancomycin, which resulted in clinical cure. The strain was molecularly identified as Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and the mecA gene was identified. This is the main gene responsible for methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP), which is often resistant to multiple antimicrobials. The hypotheses for this clinical case are the transmission from man to animal, since the tutor was an intensivist doctor, or the bacterium itself could be part of the animal's microbiota and due to other factors, such as stress or obstructive urinary disease, opened a doorway to infection by S. pseudintermedius. Further studies should elucidate the transmission of MDR bacteria between human and pets.(AU)

O potencial zoonótico de bactérias multirresistentes é uma preocupação global e os animais de companhia têm sido implicados na disseminação de bactérias resistentes; assim, é importante a vigilância, pois já existem relatos de transmissão destas bactérias do cão para o homem e vice-versa. Um cão, sem raça definida e de cinco anos de idade, foi atendido na cidade de Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil, apresentando urolitíase obstrutiva de estruvita recorrente há um ano e meio. Na urocultura do animal foi isolada uma estirpe de Staphylococcus spp. multirresistente; o tratamento com vancomicina possibilitou acura clínica. A estirpe de Staphylococcus spp. isolada foi identificada molecularmente como S. pseudintermedius e nela foi identificada a presença do gene mecA, o principal responsável por S. pseuidintermedius resistente à meticilina (MRSP), e que é frequentemente resistente à múltiplos antimicrobianos. As hipóteses para este caso clínico são a transmissão do homem para o animal, pois o tutor era um médico intensivista, ou que a própria bactéria fazia parte da microbiota do animal e, devido a outros fatores como estresse e doença urinária obstrutiva, abriu-se uma porta de entrada para a infecção pelo S. pseudintermedius. Mais estudos são necessários para a elucidação da transmissão de bactérias multirresistentes entre animais de companhia e o ser humano.(AU)

Multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolated from dog: case report / Staphylococcus pseudintermedius multirresistente isolado do cão: relato de caso

The zoonotic potential of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria is a worldwide concern and companion animals have been implicated in the spread of resistant bacteria. Therefore, surveillance is important, as there are reports of transmission of these bacteria from dog to men, as well as from men to dog. A 5-year-old mixed-breed male dog was admitted with obstructive struvite urolithiasis relapsing for over 18 months, in Botucatu, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The strain, biochemically identified as Staphylococcus spp., was MDR and was treated off-label with vancomycin, which resulted in clinical cure. The strain was molecularly identified as Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and the mecA gene was identified. This is the main gene responsible for methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP), which is often resistant to multiple antimicrobials. The hypotheses for this clinical case are the transmission from man to animal, since the tutor was an intensivist doctor, or the bacterium itself could be part of the animal's microbiota and due to other factors, such as stress or obstructive urinary disease, opened a doorway to infection by S. pseudintermedius. Further studies should elucidate the transmission of MDR bacteria between human and pets.(AU)

O potencial zoonótico de bactérias multirresistentes é uma preocupação global e os animais de companhia têm sido implicados na disseminação de bactérias resistentes; assim, é importante a vigilância, pois já existem relatos de transmissão destas bactérias do cão para o homem e vice-versa. Um cão, sem raça definida e de cinco anos de idade, foi atendido na cidade de Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil, apresentando urolitíase obstrutiva de estruvita recorrente há um ano e meio. Na urocultura do animal foi isolada uma estirpe de Staphylococcus spp. multirresistente; o tratamento com vancomicina possibilitou acura clínica. A estirpe de Staphylococcus spp. isolada foi identificada molecularmente como S. pseudintermedius e nela foi identificada a presença do gene mecA, o principal responsável por S. pseuidintermedius resistente à meticilina (MRSP), e que é frequentemente resistente à múltiplos antimicrobianos. As hipóteses para este caso clínico são a transmissão do homem para o animal, pois o tutor era um médico intensivista, ou que a própria bactéria fazia parte da microbiota do animal e, devido a outros fatores como estresse e doença urinária obstrutiva, abriu-se uma porta de entrada para a infecção pelo S. pseudintermedius. Mais estudos são necessários para a elucidação da transmissão de bactérias multirresistentes entre animais de companhia e o ser humano.(AU)

Complicações de urolitíase por oxalato de cálcio em cão uretrostomisado – Relato de Caso / Complications of calcium oxalate urolithiasis in a urethrosed dog - Case report

The present study aims to report a male canine patient with calcium oxalate urolithiasis,who suffered complications of perineal urethrostomy. Cases of urolithiasis frequentlypresent in dogs, however, their complications are rarely mentioned in the literature,especially when the therapeutic protocol fails.

Uretrolitíase obstrutiva em equino / Obstructive urethrolithiasis in a horse

Background: The presence of macroscopic concretions in the urinary system is called urolithiasis. In horses the occurrence is rare. The calculi are generally large and unique spicule concretions, composed of calcium carbonate crystals. Less commonly, the concretions are of mixed crystals of calcium carbonate and of calcium phosphate. The aim of the this work was to report a case of obstructive urethrolithiasis in a horse.Case: A 1-year-and-5-month-old, undefined breed, uncastrated male presented tenesmus, strangury, and dysuria. The horse died seven days after the onset of clinical signs and was referred for necropsy. At necropsy, samples were collected from organs of the abdominal cavity, thoracic cavity, central nervous system and integumentary system. The fragments were fixed in 10% formaldehyde, cleaved, routinely processed for histology and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. A urinary calculus collected during necropsy was sent for chemical analysis. In the abdominal cavity, a large quantity of citrus liquid of uremic odor was observed. Deposition of fibrin filaments in the peritoneum was observed, as well as in diaphragm and abdominal organs. Serosa of the small and large intestine was red with evidence of the capillaries. Kidneys presented multiple slightly protrusive white areas with a maximum diameter of 3 mm. When cutting, these areas were limited to the cortical region. There was rupture of the urinary bladder, diffuse loss of the mucosa with capillary exposure and evidence, as well as the deposition of fibrin and crude blood clots. The opening of the penile urethra presented a urolith of approximately 3.5 x 3 cm in size, with a rough and porous surface, light brown and of a stony consistency. Necrosis of the mucosa and hemorrhage were also observed in the urethra....

Uretrolitíase obstrutiva em equino / Obstructive urethrolithiasis in a horse

Background: The presence of macroscopic concretions in the urinary system is called urolithiasis. In horses the occurrence is rare. The calculi are generally large and unique spicule concretions, composed of calcium carbonate crystals. Less commonly, the concretions are of mixed crystals of calcium carbonate and of calcium phosphate. The aim of the this work was to report a case of obstructive urethrolithiasis in a horse.Case: A 1-year-and-5-month-old, undefined breed, uncastrated male presented tenesmus, strangury, and dysuria. The horse died seven days after the onset of clinical signs and was referred for necropsy. At necropsy, samples were collected from organs of the abdominal cavity, thoracic cavity, central nervous system and integumentary system. The fragments were fixed in 10% formaldehyde, cleaved, routinely processed for histology and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. A urinary calculus collected during necropsy was sent for chemical analysis. In the abdominal cavity, a large quantity of citrus liquid of uremic odor was observed. Deposition of fibrin filaments in the peritoneum was observed, as well as in diaphragm and abdominal organs. Serosa of the small and large intestine was red with evidence of the capillaries. Kidneys presented multiple slightly protrusive white areas with a maximum diameter of 3 mm. When cutting, these areas were limited to the cortical region. There was rupture of the urinary bladder, diffuse loss of the mucosa with capillary exposure and evidence, as well as the deposition of fibrin and crude blood clots. The opening of the penile urethra presented a urolith of approximately 3.5 x 3 cm in size, with a rough and porous surface, light brown and of a stony consistency. Necrosis of the mucosa and hemorrhage were also observed in the urethra....(AU)

Complicações de urolitíase por oxalato de cálcio em cão uretrostomisado Relato de Caso / Complications of calcium oxalate urolithiasis in a urethrosed dog - Case report

The present study aims to report a male canine patient with calcium oxalate urolithiasis,who suffered complications of perineal urethrostomy. Cases of urolithiasis frequentlypresent in dogs, however, their complications are rarely mentioned in the literature,especially when the therapeutic protocol fails.(AU)

Sensitivity of urolithiasis detection using urinary, radiography and ultrasound parameters / Sensibilidade da detecção da urolitíase utilizando parâmetros urinários radiográficos e ultrassonográficos

Although many information has been published regarding canine urolithiasis, sensitivity of radiography, ultrasound and urinary parameters have been poorly correlated with number, size, and composition of the stones. One hundred and thirteen clinical files of dogs with diagnosis of urolithiasis were retrospectively selected. Information regarding number, appearance, location, size, and composition of the stones were noted after surgical removed. Urolithiasis data was compared with radiographs and ultrasound images and urinalysis parameters. Pure struvite was found in 42.4% and calcium oxalate in 35.6%. Survey radiographs enabled the detection of radiopaque stones and when an ultrasound examination was also performed, the sensitivity was increased. Double contrast radiography enabled identification in 100% of radiolucent stones, and allowed for size measurement and number counts in 76.9% of radiolucent stones. Crystalluria had low sensitivity (31.5%) and specificity (58.8%). Hematuria (96.3%) and leukocyturia (61.1%) were the most common parameters found. We concluded that double contrast radiography can be considered the method of choice for detection of radiolucent stones. Crystalluria is not a good parameter to detect or predict type of stone. Hematuria and leukocyturia, although non-specific findings, can be used as triage for investigation of urolithiasis.

Embora várias informações já tenham sido publicadas sobre a urolitíase canina, a sensibilidade dos exames radiográficos, ultrassonográficos e urinários é pouco correlacionada com a composição, número e tamanho dos urólitos. Dessa forma, objetivou-se com esse estudo, analisar retrospectivamente cento e treze prontuários de cães com diagnóstico de urolitíase. Após a remoção cirúrgica dos cálculos, informações sobre o número, aspecto, localização, tamanho e composição foram comparados com os exames de imagens (raio-x e ultrassom) e achados da urinálise. Cálculos de estruvita foram encontrados em 42,4% dos pacientes e de oxalato de cálcio em 35,6%. Exames radiográficos foram capazes de detectar cálculos radiopacos e quando associado ao ultrassom tiveram melhores resultados. A radiografia de duplo contraste permitiu a identificação de 100% dos urólitos radiolucentes e foi capaz de estimar o tamanho e o número em 76,9% desses. Na urinálise a cristalúria apresentou baixa sensibilidade (31,5%) e especificidade (58,8%) na detecção de urólitos, já a hematúria (96,3%) e leucocitúria (61,1%) foram os parâmetros mais observados. Conclui-se que a radiografia de duplo contraste é o método de escolha para a detecção de urólitos radiolucentes e que a cristalúria não pode ser considerada um bom parâmetro para detectar ou prever o tipo de urólitos. Embora a hematúria e leucocitúria não sejam achados específicos,podem ser utilizados como triagem para a investigação da urolitíase.

Enterolithiasis in Crioulo horses / ptla

Background: Enteroliths are intestinal mineral calculi predominantly composed of struvite. In horses this material accumulates concentrically around a core, causing total or partial obstruction of the higher and lower colon, and can lead to death by rupture. The enterolithiasis has worldwide distribution, and occurs frequently in Rio Grande do Sul, especially in Crioulo Horses. The aim of this work is to report a sequence of cases of Crioulo Horses with enterolithiasis, linking risk factors through historical analysis, clinical presentation and management employed by the breeding farms. Case: Between the years 2012 and 2015, 16 Crioulo Horses with colic syndrome caused by enteroliths were treated at the Hospital de Clínicas Veterinária of Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), RS, Brazil and Clínica Hípica, in Porto Alegre, RS. The group was formed predominantly by males, weighted 430 kg in average and the average age was eight years old. All horses underwent general and specific clinical examination, laboratory tests and surgical procedure to remove the enterolith. After discharge, there was an epidemiological questionnaire seeking information about the history, food and environmental management that could be related to the development of enterolithiasis. In relationship to the history of previous episodes of colic, the results were: 4 horses (25%) had no previous episodes of [...]

Enterolithiasis in Crioulo horses / ptla

Background: Enteroliths are intestinal mineral calculi predominantly composed of struvite. In horses this material accumulates concentrically around a core, causing total or partial obstruction of the higher and lower colon, and can lead to death by rupture. The enterolithiasis has worldwide distribution, and occurs frequently in Rio Grande do Sul, especially in Crioulo Horses. The aim of this work is to report a sequence of cases of Crioulo Horses with enterolithiasis, linking risk factors through historical analysis, clinical presentation and management employed by the breeding farms. Case: Between the years 2012 and 2015, 16 Crioulo Horses with colic syndrome caused by enteroliths were treated at the Hospital de Clínicas Veterinária of Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), RS, Brazil and Clínica Hípica, in Porto Alegre, RS. The group was formed predominantly by males, weighted 430 kg in average and the average age was eight years old. All horses underwent general and specific clinical examination, laboratory tests and surgical procedure to remove the enterolith. After discharge, there was an epidemiological questionnaire seeking information about the history, food and environmental management that could be related to the development of enterolithiasis. In relationship to the history of previous episodes of colic, the results were: 4 horses (25%) had no previous episodes of [...](AU)

Sensitivity of urolithiasis detection using urinary, radiography and ultrasound parameters / Sensibilidade da detecção da urolitíase utilizando parâmetros urinários radiográficos e ultrassonográficos

Although many information has been published regarding canine urolithiasis, sensitivity of radiography, ultrasound and urinary parameters have been poorly correlated with number, size, and composition of the stones. One hundred and thirteen clinical files of dogs with diagnosis of urolithiasis were retrospectively selected. Information regarding number, appearance, location, size, and composition of the stones were noted after surgical removed. Urolithiasis data was compared with radiographs and ultrasound images and urinalysis parameters. Pure struvite was found in 42.4% and calcium oxalate in 35.6%. Survey radiographs enabled the detection of radiopaque stones and when an ultrasound examination was also performed, the sensitivity was increased. Double contrast radiography enabled identification in 100% of radiolucent stones, and allowed for size measurement and number counts in 76.9% of radiolucent stones. Crystalluria had low sensitivity (31.5%) and specificity (58.8%). Hematuria (96.3%) and leukocyturia (61.1%) were the most common parameters found. We concluded that double contrast radiography can be considered the method of choice for detection of radiolucent stones. Crystalluria is not a good parameter to detect or predict type of stone. Hematuria and leukocyturia, although non-specific findings, can be used as triage for investigation of urolithiasis.(AU)

Embora várias informações já tenham sido publicadas sobre a urolitíase canina, a sensibilidade dos exames radiográficos, ultrassonográficos e urinários é pouco correlacionada com a composição, número e tamanho dos urólitos. Dessa forma, objetivou-se com esse estudo, analisar retrospectivamente cento e treze prontuários de cães com diagnóstico de urolitíase. Após a remoção cirúrgica dos cálculos, informações sobre o número, aspecto, localização, tamanho e composição foram comparados com os exames de imagens (raio-x e ultrassom) e achados da urinálise. Cálculos de estruvita foram encontrados em 42,4% dos pacientes e de oxalato de cálcio em 35,6%. Exames radiográficos foram capazes de detectar cálculos radiopacos e quando associado ao ultrassom tiveram melhores resultados. A radiografia de duplo contraste permitiu a identificação de 100% dos urólitos radiolucentes e foi capaz de estimar o tamanho e o número em 76,9% desses. Na urinálise a cristalúria apresentou baixa sensibilidade (31,5%) e especificidade (58,8%) na detecção de urólitos, já a hematúria (96,3%) e leucocitúria (61,1%) foram os parâmetros mais observados. Conclui-se que a radiografia de duplo contraste é o método de escolha para a detecção de urólitos radiolucentes e que a cristalúria não pode ser considerada um bom parâmetro para detectar ou prever o tipo de urólitos. Embora a hematúria e leucocitúria não sejam achados específicos,podem ser utilizados como triagem para a investigação da urolitíase.(AU)