Streblid flies parasitizing cave bats in Carajás, Amazonia, with a new record for Brazil / Moscas estréblidas parasitando morcegos cavernícolas em Carajás, Amazônia, com um novo registro para o Brasil

Streblid flies (Diptera: Streblidae) are hematophagous and highly specialized parasitic insects, found only on bats (Chiroptera). Caves are important roosts for bats but, despite harboring high bat richness, relatively few studies exist on the ecology and biology of streblid flies in cave environments, especially in Amazonia, the largest domain in northern Brazil, with >140 bat species and thousands of caves. To fill some of the gaps in the geographical distribution and interspecific relationships for streblid flies in the region, we sampled bats in six caves in Carajás National Forest, a protected area in Pará state (Brazil). Thirteen of the 14 streblid species found are new records for Carajás, with three new records for Pará state and two for the northern region of Brazil. Nycterophilia fairchildi was recorded for the first time in Brazil. Most streblids had host-specific behavior, however, N. fairchildi, Trichobius caecus, and T. johnsonae were less host-specific, parasitizing different Pteronotus bat species. The gregarious behavior of Pteronotus species and the spatial distribution of their colonies within the caves may be important factors in the flies' exchange among congener hosts and deserve special attention in future studies. Furthermore, studies on ecological interaction networks between bats and their ectoparasitic flies in caves will be useful for a broader understanding of how this relationship is structured over time and space, as well as its impact on both bats and flies.(AU)

Moscas estréblidas (Diptera: Streblidae) são insetos hematófagos e parasitas encontrados apenas sobre morcegos (Chiroptera). As cavernas são abrigos importantes para morcegos, mas, apesar de abrigarem alta riqueza desses mamíferos, são relativamente poucos os estudos focados na ecologia e biologia de moscas estréblidas em ambientes cavernícolas, especialmente na Amazônia, o maior domínio no norte do Brasil, com >140 espécies de morcegos e milhares de cavernas. Para preencher algumas das lacunas na distribuição geográfica e nas relações interespecíficas de moscas estréblidas na região, amostramos morcegos cavernícolas em seis cavernas na Floresta Nacional de Carajás, uma área protegida no estado do Pará. Treze das 14 espécies de moscas estréblidas encontradas são novos registros para Carajás, com três novos registros para o Pará e dois para a região norte do Brasil. Nycterophilia fairchildi foi registrada pela primeira vez no Brasil. A maioria das espécies de moscas foi hospedeiro-específica; entretanto, N. fairchildi, Trichobius caecus e T. johnsonae foram menos específicas, parasitando diferentes espécies de morcegos do gênero Pteronotus. O comportamento gregário das espécies de Pteronotus e a distribuição espacial de suas colônias dentro das cavernas podem ser fatores importantes na troca de moscas entre hospedeiros congêneres e merecem atenção especial em estudos futuros. Adicionalmente, estudos sobre redes de interação ecológica entre morcegos e suas moscas ectoparasitas em cavernas serão úteis para uma compreensão mais ampla de como essa relação se estrutura no tempo e no espaço, bem como sobre o seu impacto, tanto sobre os morcegos como sobre as moscas.(AU)

Bat fly (Diptera: Streblidae) and common vampire bat (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) association in Honduras: prevalence, mean intensity, infracommunities and influence of the biological characteristics of the host

ABSTRACT Bat species present a series of attributes that makes them prone to being parasitized. Bat flies (Streblidae) are hematophagous ectoparasites exclusive to bats. Our study aimed to investigate the association of bat flies with the Common vampire bat, Desmodus rotundus (É. Geoffroy, 1810), in Honduras. We analyzed the effect of sex and age of the host on parasitism. Eight localities belonging to six departments were sampled in an altitudinal range between 50 and 995 m. Field data were obtained between May 2018 to November 2019 and 80 individuals were captured, from which 395 bat flies were extracted. Four species of bat flies were registered: Strebla wiedemanni Kolenati, 1856, Trichobius parasiticus Gervais, 1844, T. joblingi Wenzel, 1966 and T. caecus Edwards, 1948. Trichobius parasiticus presented the highest prevalence and mean intensity, followed by S. wiedemanni. Trichobius joblingi and T. caecus are new records of parasitism on D. rotundus for Honduras, although we consider as an accidental association. We recorded six types of infracommunities that parasitized 85% of the hosts. The prevalence and mean intensity was not affected by age and sex of the host for any bat fly species.

Bat fly (Diptera: Streblidae) and common vampire bat (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) association in Honduras: prevalence, mean intensity, infracommunities and influence of the biological characteristics of the host

Bat species present a series of attributes that makes them prone to being parasitized. Bat flies (Streblidae) are hematophagous ectoparasites exclusive to bats. Our study aimed to investigate the association of bat flies with the Common vampire bat, Desmodus rotundus (É. Geoffroy, 1810), in Honduras. We analyzed the effect of sex and age of the host on parasitism. Eight localities belonging to six departments were sampled in an altitudinal range between 50 and 995 m. Field data were obtained between May 2018 to November 2019 and 80 individuals were captured, from which 395 bat flies were extracted. Four species of bat flies were registered: Strebla wiedemanni Kolenati, 1856, Trichobius parasiticus Gervais, 1844, T. joblingi Wenzel, 1966 and T. caecus Edwards, 1948. Trichobius parasiticus presented the highest prevalence and mean intensity, followed by S. wiedemanni. Trichobius joblingi and T. caecus are new records of parasitism on D. rotundus for Honduras, although we consider as an accidental association. We recorded six types of infracommunities that parasitized 85% of the hosts. The prevalence and mean intensity was not affected by age and sex of the host for any bat fly species.

Ectoparasitic flies (Diptera: Streblidae) on bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from a Private Natural Heritage Reserve in southeastern Brazil

Abstract Due to the small number of records of Streblidae on bats, despite extensive study on these mammals in the state of Rio de Janeiro, a survey was carried out in an area of the Atlantic Forest. The present study was carried out at Bom Retiro Farm Natural Heritage Private Reserve. We captured 401 bats of 17 species, 13 genera, and four families; bat flies infested 221 bats of only four species. Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758) has the highest fly diversity, with seven fly species: Trichobius joblingi (Wenzel, 1966) (n = 23), Megistopoda proxima (Séguy, 1926) (n = 15), Strebla guajiro (García & Casal, 1965) (n = 15), Aspidoptera falcata (Wenzel, 1976) (n = 6) Paratrichobius longicrus (Miranda Ribeiro, 1907) (n = 8), Paraeuctenodes similis (Wenzel 1976) (n = 3), and Trichobius anducei (Guerrero, 1998) (n = 1). Two species infested Platyrrhinus lineatus (É. Geoffroy, 1810): Aspidoptera falcata (n = 1) and Anastrebla caudiferae (Wenzel, 1996) (n = 1). Paradyschiria parvula (Falcoz, 1931) (n = 11) infested Noctilio leporinus (Linnaeus, 1758) and M. proxima (n = 12) and Trichobius uniformis (Curran, 1935) (n = 1) infested Sturnira lilium (É. Geoffroy, 1842). Sturnira lilium has the highest infestation rate, with ten out of 46 captured individuals parasitized, followed by Carollia perspicillata, with 33 out of 164 captured parasitized, and by P. lineatus with only two parasitized individuals out of ten. Among 97 streblid flies captured, M. proxima was the most abundant (27.83%), followed by T. joblingi (23.71%), and S. guajiro (15.46%). All remaining bat fly species represented 33%. Paradichyria parvula has the first record for Rio de Janeiro State.

Ectoparasitic flies (Diptera: Streblidae) on bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from a Private Natural Heritage Reserve in southeastern Brazil

Due to the small number of records of Streblidae on bats, despite extensive study on these mammals in the state of Rio de Janeiro, a survey was carried out in an area of the Atlantic Forest. The present study was carried out at Bom Retiro Farm Natural Heritage Private Reserve. We captured 401 bats of 17 species, 13 genera, and four families; bat flies infested 221 bats of only four species. Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758) has the highest fly diversity, with seven fly species: Trichobius joblingi (Wenzel, 1966) (n = 23), Megistopoda proxima (Séguy, 1926) (n = 15), Strebla guajiro (García & Casal, 1965) (n = 15), Aspidoptera falcata (Wenzel, 1976) (n = 6) Paratrichobius longicrus (Miranda Ribeiro, 1907) (n = 8), Paraeuctenodes similis(Wenzel 1976) (n = 3), and Trichobius anducei (Guerrero, 1998) (n = 1). Two species infested Platyrrhinus lineatus (É. Geoffroy, 1810): Aspidoptera falcata (n = 1) and Anastrebla caudiferae (Wenzel, 1996) (n = 1). Paradyschiria parvula (Falcoz, 1931) (n = 11) infested Noctilio leporinus (Linnaeus, 1758) and M. proxima (n = 12) and Trichobius uniformis (Curran, 1935) (n = 1) infested Sturnira lilium (É. Geoffroy, 1842). Sturnira lilium has the highest infestation rate, with ten out of 46 captured individuals parasitized, followed by Carollia perspicillata, with 33 out of 164 captured parasitized, and by P. lineatus with only two parasitized individuals out of ten. Among 97 streblid flies captured, M. proxima was the most abundant (27.83%), followed by T. joblingi (23.71%), and S. guajiro (15.46%). All remaining bat fly species represented 33%. Paradichyria parvula has the first record for Rio de Janeiro State.

Ectoparasitic flies (Diptera: Streblidae) on bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from a Private Natural Heritage Reserve in southeastern Brazil

Due to the small number of records of Streblidae on bats, despite extensive study on these mammals in the state of Rio de Janeiro, a survey was carried out in an area of the Atlantic Forest. The present study was carried out at Bom Retiro Farm Natural Heritage Private Reserve. We captured 401 bats of 17 species, 13 genera, and four families; bat flies infested 221 bats of only four species. Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758) has the highest fly diversity, with seven fly species: Trichobius joblingi (Wenzel, 1966) (n = 23), Megistopoda proxima (Séguy, 1926) (n = 15), Strebla guajiro (García & Casal, 1965) (n = 15), Aspidoptera falcata (Wenzel, 1976) (n = 6) Paratrichobius longicrus (Miranda Ribeiro, 1907) (n = 8), Paraeuctenodes similis(Wenzel 1976) (n = 3), and Trichobius anducei (Guerrero, 1998) (n = 1). Two species infested Platyrrhinus lineatus (É. Geoffroy, 1810): Aspidoptera falcata (n = 1) and Anastrebla caudiferae (Wenzel, 1996) (n = 1). Paradyschiria parvula (Falcoz, 1931) (n = 11) infested Noctilio leporinus (Linnaeus, 1758) and M. proxima (n = 12) and Trichobius uniformis (Curran, 1935) (n = 1) infested Sturnira lilium (É. Geoffroy, 1842). Sturnira lilium has the highest infestation rate, with ten out of 46 captured individuals parasitized, followed by Carollia perspicillata, with 33 out of 164 captured parasitized, and by P. lineatus with only two parasitized individuals out of ten. Among 97 streblid flies captured, M. proxima was the most abundant (27.83%), followed by T. joblingi (23.71%), and S. guajiro (15.46%). All remaining bat fly species represented 33%. Paradichyria parvula has the first record for Rio de Janeiro State.(AU)

First records of ectoparasitic insects (Diptera: Hippoboscoidea) of bats in the department of Caldas, Colombia

Abstract In Colombia, the taxonomical understanding of ectoparasites (Diptera: Streblidae and Nycteribiidae) of bats is scarce, despite the high diversity of hosts. This fact reflects the lack of important information on the group and poses the need for studies that expand the knowledge on bat ectoparasites in different regions of the country. The aim of this study was to contribute pioneer knowledge on bat ectoparasitic insects in the department of Caldas, located in the Central Andes Mountain range of Colombia. We assessed 318 bats from four eco parks in the city of Manizales, and collected 234 ectoparasitic insects. We provide the first report of the family Streblidae for Caldas, with seven genera and eight species: Anastrebla caudiferaeWenzel, 1976, Anatrichobius scorzaiWenzel, 1966, Exastinion oculatumWenzel, 1976, Megistopoda proxima (Séguy 1926), Paratrichobius longicrus Ribeiro, 1907, Paraeuctenodes similisWenzel, 1976, Trichobius longipes Rudow, 1871, and Trichobius tiptoniWenzel, 1976. In addition, we report the species Basilia ferrisi Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1931 and Basilia sp. for the family Nycteribiidae.

First records of ectoparasitic insects (Diptera: Hippoboscoidea) of bats in the department of Caldas, Colombia

In Colombia, the taxonomical understanding of ectoparasites (Diptera: Streblidae and Nycteribiidae) of bats is scarce, despite the high diversity of hosts. This fact reflects the lack of important information on the group and poses the need for studies that expand the knowledge on bat ectoparasites in different regions of the country. The aim of this study was to contribute pioneer knowledge on bat ectoparasitic insects in the department of Caldas, located in the Central Andes Mountain range of Colombia. We assessed 318 bats from four eco parks in the city of Manizales, and collected 234 ectoparasitic insects. We provide the first report of the family Streblidae for Caldas, with seven genera and eight species: Anastrebla caudiferaeWenzel, 1976, Anatrichobius scorzaiWenzel, 1966, Exastinion oculatumWenzel, 1976, Megistopoda proxima (Séguy‚ 1926), Paratrichobius longicrus Ribeiro, 1907, Paraeuctenodes similisWenzel, 1976, Trichobius longipes Rudow, 1871, and Trichobius tiptoniWenzel, 1976. In addition, we report the species Basilia ferrisi Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1931 and Basilia sp. for the family Nycteribiidae.

First records of ectoparasitic insects (Diptera: Hippoboscoidea) of bats in the department of Caldas, Colombia

In Colombia, the taxonomical understanding of ectoparasites (Diptera: Streblidae and Nycteribiidae) of bats is scarce, despite the high diversity of hosts. This fact reflects the lack of important information on the group and poses the need for studies that expand the knowledge on bat ectoparasites in different regions of the country. The aim of this study was to contribute pioneer knowledge on bat ectoparasitic insects in the department of Caldas, located in the Central Andes Mountain range of Colombia. We assessed 318 bats from four eco parks in the city of Manizales, and collected 234 ectoparasitic insects. We provide the first report of the family Streblidae for Caldas, with seven genera and eight species: Anastrebla caudiferaeWenzel, 1976, Anatrichobius scorzaiWenzel, 1966, Exastinion oculatumWenzel, 1976, Megistopoda proxima (Séguy‚ 1926), Paratrichobius longicrus Ribeiro, 1907, Paraeuctenodes similisWenzel, 1976, Trichobius longipes Rudow, 1871, and Trichobius tiptoniWenzel, 1976. In addition, we report the species Basilia ferrisi Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1931 and Basilia sp. for the family Nycteribiidae.(AU)

Moscas ectoparasitas (Diptera, Streblidae) de morcegos (Mammalia, Chiroptera) em um remanescente periurbano de Cerrado: composição da comunidade, prevalência, intensidade de infestação e especificidade

ABSTRACT Streblidae flies are found exclusively on bats and are distributed throughout the world, with a high richness of flies and host in Brazil. However, knowledge about the ecological aspects of these relationships is limited to descriptions of the associations. The aim of this work was to characterize the community of ectoparasites flies and their possible association patterns in a peri-urban area of Cerrado. Bats were captured between February and July 2011, with a sample effort of 9 504 h.m2. Ectoparasites were collected and identified. The parasite-host relationship was determined using index such as prevalence, average infestation intensity, and specificity. We captured 161 bats of seven species, with 29.81% (n = 48) that were infested. We found 83 flies of six species of Streblidae, with two accidental associations and eight non-accidental associations. The highest prevalence and intensity of infestation were found for the association between Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758) and Trichobius joblingi Wenzel, 1966. Artibeus planirostris (Spix, 1823) also presented high prevalence rates, while Artibeus lituratus (Olfers, 1818) and Sturnira lilium (E. Geoffroy, 1810) had low infestation prevalence. Four species of Streblidae were considered monoxenic and two oligoxenic, which is indicated by the analysis of specificity, which demonstrates the predominance of monoxenic species already reported in other works.

RESUMO Moscas Streblidae ocorrem exclusivamente em morcegos e estão mundialmente distribuídas, com uma alta riqueza de moscas e hospedeiros no Brasil. Entretanto, o conhecimento dos aspectos ecológicos dessa relação é limitado à descrição das associações. O objetivo nesse trabalho foi caracterizar a comunidade de moscas ectoparasitas e de seus possíveis padrões de associação em uma área periurbana de Cerrado. Os morcegos foram capturados entre fevereiro e julho de 2011, com um esforço amostral de 9.504 h.m2. Os ectoparasitas foram coletados e identificados. A relação parasito-hospedeiro foi determinada usando índices como prevalência, intensidade média de infestação e especificidade. Capturamos 161 morcegos de sete espécies, dos quais 29,81% (n = 48) apresentaram-se infestados. Encontramos 83 moscas de seis espécies de Streblidae, com duas associações acidentais e oito associações não acidentais. A maior prevalência e intensidade de infestação foram verificadas na associação entre Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758) e Trichobius joblingi Wenzel, 1966. Artibeus planirostris (Spix, 1823) também apresentou elevadas taxas de prevalência, enquanto Artibeus lituratus (Olfers, 1818) e Sturnira lilium (E, Geoffroy, 1810) revelaram baixas prevalências de infestação. Quatro espécies de Streblidae foram consideradas monoxênicas e duas oligoxênicas, o que é indicado pela análise de especificidade, o que demonstra o predomínio de espécies monoxênicas já relatado em outros trabalhos.

Moscas ectoparasitas (Diptera, Streblidae) de morcegos (Mammalia, Chiroptera) em um remanescente periurbano de Cerrado: composição da comunidade, prevalência, intensidade de infestação e especificidade / Ectoparasitic flies (Diptera, Streblidae) of bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) in a periurban remnant of Cerrado: community composition, prevalence, infestation intensity and specificity

Streblidae flies are found exclusively on bats and are distributed throughout the world, with a high richness of flies and host in Brazil. However, knowledge about the ecological aspects of these relationships is limited to descriptions of the associations. The aim of this work was to characterize the community of ectoparasites flies and their possible association patterns in a peri-urban area of Cerrado. Bats were captured between February and July 2011, with a sample effort of 9 504 h.m2. Ectoparasites were collected and identified. The parasite-host relationship was determined using index such as prevalence, average infestation intensity, and specificity. We captured 161 bats of seven species, with 29.81% (n = 48) that were infested. We found 83 flies of six species of Streblidae, with two accidental associations and eight non-accidental associations. The highest prevalence and intensity of infestation were found for the association between Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758) and Trichobius joblingi Wenzel, 1966. Artibeus planirostris (Spix, 1823) also presented high prevalence rates, while Artibeus lituratus (Olfers, 1818) and Sturnira lilium (E. Geoffroy, 1810) had low infestation prevalence. Four species of Streblidae were considered monoxenic and two oligoxenic, which is indicated by the analysis of specificity, which demonstrates the predominance of monoxenic species already reported in other works.(AU)

Moscas Streblidae ocorrem exclusivamente em morcegos e estão mundialmente distribuídas, com uma alta riqueza de moscas e hospedeiros no Brasil. Entretanto, o conhecimento dos aspectos ecológicos dessa relação é limitado à descrição das associações. O objetivo nesse trabalho foi caracterizar a comunidade de moscas ectoparasitas e de seus possíveis padrões de associação em uma área periurbana de Cerrado. Os morcegos foram capturados entre fevereiro e julho de 2011, com um esforço amostral de 9.504 h.m2. Os ectoparasitas foram coletados e identificados. A relação parasito-hospedeiro foi determinada usando índices como prevalência, intensidade média de infestação e especificidade. Capturamos 161 morcegos de sete espécies, dos quais 29,81% (n = 48) apresentaram-se infestados. Encontramos 83 moscas de seis espécies de Streblidae, com duas associações acidentais e oito associações não acidentais. A maior prevalência e intensidade de infestação foram verificadas na associação entre Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758) e Trichobius joblingi Wenzel, 1966. Artibeus planirostris (Spix, 1823) também apresentou elevadas taxas de prevalência, enquanto Artibeus lituratus (Olfers, 1818) e Sturnira lilium (E, Geoffroy, 1810) revelaram baixas prevalências de infestação. Quatro espécies de Streblidae foram consideradas monoxênicas e duas oligoxênicas, o que é indicado pela análise de especificidade, o que demonstra o predomínio de espécies monoxênicas já relatado em outros trabalhos.(AU)

Moscas ectoparasitas (Diptera, Streblidae) de morcegos (Mammalia, Chiroptera) em um remanescente periurbano de Cerrado: composição da comunidade, prevalência, intensidade de infestação e especificidade / Ectoparasitic flies (Diptera, Streblidae) of bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) in a periurban remnant of Cerrado: community composition, prevalence, infestation intensity and specificity

Streblidae flies are found exclusively on bats and are distributed throughout the world, with a high richness of flies and host in Brazil. However, knowledge about the ecological aspects of these relationships is limited to descriptions of the associations. The aim of this work was to characterize the community of ectoparasites flies and their possible association patterns in a peri-urban area of Cerrado. Bats were captured between February and July 2011, with a sample effort of 9 504 h.m2. Ectoparasites were collected and identified. The parasite-host relationship was determined using index such as prevalence, average infestation intensity, and specificity. We captured 161 bats of seven species, with 29.81% (n = 48) that were infested. We found 83 flies of six species of Streblidae, with two accidental associations and eight non-accidental associations. The highest prevalence and intensity of infestation were found for the association between Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758) and Trichobius joblingi Wenzel, 1966. Artibeus planirostris (Spix, 1823) also presented high prevalence rates, while Artibeus lituratus (Olfers, 1818) and Sturnira lilium (E. Geoffroy, 1810) had low infestation prevalence. Four species of Streblidae were considered monoxenic and two oligoxenic, which is indicated by the analysis of specificity, which demonstrates the predominance of monoxenic species already reported in other works.

Moscas Streblidae ocorrem exclusivamente em morcegos e estão mundialmente distribuídas, com uma alta riqueza de moscas e hospedeiros no Brasil. Entretanto, o conhecimento dos aspectos ecológicos dessa relação é limitado à descrição das associações. O objetivo nesse trabalho foi caracterizar a comunidade de moscas ectoparasitas e de seus possíveis padrões de associação em uma área periurbana de Cerrado. Os morcegos foram capturados entre fevereiro e julho de 2011, com um esforço amostral de 9.504 h.m2. Os ectoparasitas foram coletados e identificados. A relação parasito-hospedeiro foi determinada usando índices como prevalência, intensidade média de infestação e especificidade. Capturamos 161 morcegos de sete espécies, dos quais 29,81% (n = 48) apresentaram-se infestados. Encontramos 83 moscas de seis espécies de Streblidae, com duas associações acidentais e oito associações não acidentais. A maior prevalência e intensidade de infestação foram verificadas na associação entre Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758) e Trichobius joblingi Wenzel, 1966. Artibeus planirostris (Spix, 1823) também apresentou elevadas taxas de prevalência, enquanto Artibeus lituratus (Olfers, 1818) e Sturnira lilium (E, Geoffroy, 1810) revelaram baixas prevalências de infestação. Quatro espécies de Streblidae foram consideradas monoxênicas e duas oligoxênicas, o que é indicado pela análise de especificidade, o que demonstra o predomínio de espécies monoxênicas já relatado em outros trabalhos.

Ectoparasitic flies (diptera, streblidae) on bats (mammalia, chiroptera) in a dry tropical forest in the northern colombia

RESUMEN Este trabajo constituye el primer registro de las relaciones de parasitismo entre moscas Streblidae y murciélagos en la región Caribe colombiana. Los especímenes se capturaron en un bosque seco tropical del departamento de Sucre. Se registraron 17 especies de ocho géneros de Streblidae y 19 especies pertenecientes a cinco familias de murciélagos. Strebla mirabilis, Trichobius costalimai, Trichobius parasiticus y Paradyschiria parvuloides fueron los ectoparásitos más abundantes. La prevalencia de ectoparásitos sobre el ensamblaje de murciélagos fue del 48,57%. En nueve especies de murciélagos se encontró más de una especie de Streblidae. Trichobius costalimai fue la que presentó el mayor número de especies huéspedes. Resaltan por ser novedosas las asociaciones entre Artibeus planirostris-Trichobius costalimai, Lophostoma silvicolum-Strebla mirabilis y Lophostoma silvicolum-Trichobius parasiticus.

ABSTRACT This work represents the first report of host-parasite associations between flies of the family Streblidae and their host bats in the Colombian Caribbean region. Specimens were collected in a dry tropical forest in the Sucre department. A total of 17 species (eight genera) of Streblidae, as well as 19 species from five bat families were recorded. Strebla mirabilis, Trichobius costalimai, Trichobius parasiticus and Paradyschiria parvuloides were the most abundant ectoparasites. Prevalence of ectoparasites on bat assemblage was 48.57%. In nine bat species, more than one Streblidae species were recorded. Trichobius costalimai had the greatest number of host species. We have found remarkable new associations between Artibeus planirostris and Trichobius costalimai, Lophostoma silvicolum and Strebla mirabilis, as well as Lophostoma silvicolum and Trichobius parasiticus.

ECTOPARASITIC FLIES (DIPTERA, STREBLIDAE) ON BATS (MAMMALIA, CHIROPTERA) IN A DRY TROPICAL FOREST IN THE NORTHERN COLOMBIA

RESUMEN Este trabajo constituye el primer registro de las relaciones de parasitismo entre moscas Streblidae y murciélagos en la región Caribe colombiana. Los especímenes se capturaron en un bosque seco tropical del departamento de Sucre. Se registraron 17 especies de ocho géneros de Streblidae y 19 especies pertenecientes a cinco familias de murciélagos. Strebla mirabilis, Trichobius costalimai, Trichobius parasiticus y Paradyschiria parvuloides fueron los ectoparásitos más abundantes. La prevalencia de ectoparásitos sobre el ensamblaje de murciélagos fue del 48,57%. En nueve especies de murciélagos se encontró más de una especie de Streblidae. Trichobius costalimai fue la que presentó el mayor número de especies huéspedes. Resaltan por ser novedosas las asociaciones entre Artibeus planirostris-Trichobius costalimai, Lophostoma silvicolum-Strebla mirabilis y Lophostoma silvicolum-Trichobius parasiticus.

ABSTRACT This work represents the first report of host-parasite associations between flies of the family Streblidae and their host bats in the Colombian Caribbean region. Specimens were collected in a dry tropical forest in the Sucre department. A total of 17 species (eight genera) of Streblidae, as well as 19 species from five bat families were recorded. Strebla mirabilis, Trichobius costalimai, Trichobius parasiticus and Paradyschiria parvuloides were the most abundant ectoparasites. Prevalence of ectoparasites on bat assemblage was 48.57%. In nine bat species, more than one Streblidae species were recorded. Trichobius costalimai had the greatest number of host species. We have found remarkable new associations between Artibeus planirostris and Trichobius costalimai, Lophostoma silvicolum and Strebla mirabilis, as well as Lophostoma silvicolum and Trichobius parasiticus.

Ectoparasitic flies (Diptera, Streblidae) on bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) in a dry tropical forest in the northern Colombia

This work represents the first report of host-parasite associations between flies of the family Streblidae and their host bats in the Colombian Caribbean region. Specimens were collected in a dry tropical forest in the Sucre department. A total of 17 species (eight genera) of Streblidae, as well as 19 species from five bat families were recorded. Strebla mirabilis, Trichobius costalimai, Trichobius parasiticus and Paradyschiria parvuloides were the most abundant ectoparasites. Prevalence of ectoparasites on bat assemblage was 48.57%. In nine bat species, more than one Streblidae species were recorded. Trichobius costalimai had the greatest number of host species. We have found remarkable new associations between Artibeus planirostris and Trichobius costalimai, Lophostoma silvicolum and Strebla mirabilis, as well as Lophostoma silvicolum and Trichobius parasiticus.

Este trabajo constituye el primer registro de las relaciones de parasitismo entre moscas Streblidae y murciélagos en la región Caribe colombiana. Los especímenes se capturaron en un bosque seco tropical del departamento de Sucre. Se registraron 17 especies de ocho géneros de Streblidae y 19 especies pertenecientes a cinco familias de murciélagos. Strebla mirabilis, Trichobius costalimai, Trichobius parasiticus y Paradyschiria parvuloides fueron los ectoparásitos más abundantes. La prevalencia de ectoparásitos sobre el ensamblaje de murciélagos fue del 48,57%. En nueve especies de murciélagos se encontró más de una especie de Streblidae. Trichobius costalimai fue la que presentó el mayor número de especies huéspedes. Resaltan por ser novedosas las asociaciones entre Artibeus planirostris-Trichobius costalimai, Lophostoma silvicolum-Strebla mirabilis y Lophostoma silvicolum-Trichobius parasiticus.

Ectoparasitic flies (Diptera, Streblidae) on bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) in a dry tropical forest in the northern Colombia

This work represents the first report of host-parasite associations between flies of the family Streblidae and their host bats in the Colombian Caribbean region. Specimens were collected in a dry tropical forest in the Sucre department. A total of 17 species (eight genera) of Streblidae, as well as 19 species from five bat families were recorded. Strebla mirabilis, Trichobius costalimai, Trichobius parasiticus and Paradyschiria parvuloides were the most abundant ectoparasites. Prevalence of ectoparasites on bat assemblage was 48.57%. In nine bat species, more than one Streblidae species were recorded. Trichobius costalimai had the greatest number of host species. We have found remarkable new associations between Artibeus planirostris and Trichobius costalimai, Lophostoma silvicolum and Strebla mirabilis, as well as Lophostoma silvicolum and Trichobius parasiticus.(AU)

Este trabajo constituye el primer registro de las relaciones de parasitismo entre moscas Streblidae y murciélagos en la región Caribe colombiana. Los especímenes se capturaron en un bosque seco tropical del departamento de Sucre. Se registraron 17 especies de ocho géneros de Streblidae y 19 especies pertenecientes a cinco familias de murciélagos. Strebla mirabilis, Trichobius costalimai, Trichobius parasiticus y Paradyschiria parvuloides fueron los ectoparásitos más abundantes. La prevalencia de ectoparásitos sobre el ensamblaje de murciélagos fue del 48,57%. En nueve especies de murciélagos se encontró más de una especie de Streblidae. Trichobius costalimai fue la que presentó el mayor número de especies huéspedes. Resaltan por ser novedosas las asociaciones entre Artibeus planirostris-Trichobius costalimai, Lophostoma silvicolum-Strebla mirabilis y Lophostoma silvicolum-Trichobius parasiticus.(AU)

Infracommunities of Streblidae and Nycteribiidae (Diptera) on bats in an ecotone area between Cerrado and Atlantic Forest in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul

ABSTRACT We described infracommunities, prevalence and mean intensity of infestation of ecotoparasite flies (Nycteribiidae and Streblidae) on bats in an ecotone area of Cerrado as predominant vegetation, with influence of Atlantic Forest, in the southeast of Mato Grosso do Sul. In 36 sampling nights between April 2015 and August 2016 (23,328 m².h), we captured 17 bat species, of which ten were infested, and 14 species of fly. The most abundant bats were the phyllostomids Artibeus planirostris (Spix, 1823), Glossophaga soricina (Pallas, 1776) and Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758) and the most abundant flies were the streblids Trichobius longipes (Rudow, 1871), T. joblingi Wenzel, 1966 and Megistopoda aranea (Coquillett, 1899). Phyllostomus hastatus (Pallas, 1767) was the bat species that presented the highest infestation rate. Platyrrhinus lineatus (É. Geoffroy, 1810) and Desmodus rotundus (É. Geoffroy, 1810) were not infested. Besides that, the frequency of bats that were infested by a single species of fly was higher than the frequency of bats infested for two or more, and it may be a pattern.

RESUMO Descrevemos infracomunidades, prevalência e intensidade média de infestação de moscas ectoparasitas (Nycteribiidae e Streblidae) sobre morcegos numa área de Cerrado como vegetação predominante, com influência de Mata Atlântica, no sudeste de Mato Grosso do Sul. Após 36 noites de coleta entre abril de 2015 e agosto de 2016 (23.328 m².h), capturamos 17 espécies de morcegos, das quais dez estavam infestadas, e 14 espécies de moscas. Os morcegos mais abundantes foram os filostomídeos Artibeus planirostris (Spix, 1823), Glossophaga soricina (Pallas, 1776) e Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758) e as moscas mais abundantes foram as estréblidas Trichobius longipes (Rudow, 1871), T. joblingi Wenzel, 1966 e Megistopoda aranea (Coquillett, 1899). Phyllostomus hastatus (Pallas, 1767) foi a espécie de morcego que apresentou as taxas de infestação mais elevadas. Platyrrhinus lineatus (É. Geoffroy, 1810) e Desmodus rotundus (É. Geoffroy, 1810) não estavam infestados. Além disso, a frequência em que os morcegos estavam infestados por apenas uma espécie de mosca foi superior à dos que estavam infestados por duas ou mais, o que pode ser um padrão.

Infracommunities of Streblidae and Nycteribiidae (Diptera) on bats in an ecotone area between Cerrado and Atlantic Forest in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul / Infracomunidades de Streblidae e Nycteribiidae (Diptera) em morcegos em uma área de ecótono entre Cerrado e Mata Atlântica no estado do Mato Grosso do Sul

We described infracommunities, prevalence and mean intensity of infestation of ecotoparasite flies (Nycteribiidae and Streblidae) on bats in an ecotone area of Cerrado as predominant vegetation, with influence of Atlantic Forest, in the southeast of Mato Grosso do Sul. In 36 sampling nights between April 2015 and August 2016 (23,328 m².h), we captured 17 bat species, of which ten were infested, and 14 species of fly. The most abundant bats were the phyllostomids Artibeus planirostris (Spix, 1823), Glossophaga soricina (Pallas, 1776) and Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758) and the most abundant flies were the streblids Trichobius longipes (Rudow, 1871), T. joblingi Wenzel, 1966 and Megistopoda aranea (Coquillett, 1899). Phyllostomus hastatus (Pallas, 1767) was the bat species that presented the highest infestation rate. Platyrrhinus lineatus (É. Geoffroy, 1810) and Desmodus rotundus (É. Geoffroy, 1810) were not infested. Besides that, the frequency of bats that were infested by a single species of fly was higher than the frequency of bats infested for two or more, and it may be a pattern.(AU)

Descrevemos infracomunidades, prevalência e intensidade média de infestação de moscas ectoparasitas (Nycteribiidae e Streblidae) sobre morcegos numa área de Cerrado como vegetação predominante, com influência de Mata Atlântica, no sudeste de Mato Grosso do Sul. Após 36 noites de coleta entre abril de 2015 e agosto de 2016 (23.328 m².h), capturamos 17 espécies de morcegos, das quais dez estavam infestadas, e 14 espécies de moscas. Os morcegos mais abundantes foram os filostomídeos Artibeus planirostris (Spix, 1823), Glossophaga soricina (Pallas, 1776) e Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758) e as moscas mais abundantes foram as estréblidas Trichobius longipes (Rudow, 1871), T. joblingi Wenzel, 1966 e Megistopoda aranea (Coquillett, 1899). Phyllostomus hastatus (Pallas, 1767) foi a espécie de morcego que apresentou as taxas de infestação mais elevadas. Platyrrhinus lineatus (É. Geoffroy, 1810) e Desmodus rotundus (É. Geoffroy, 1810) não estavam infestados. Além disso, a frequência em que os morcegos estavam infestados por apenas uma espécie de mosca foi superior à dos que estavam infestados por duas ou mais, o que pode ser um padrão.(AU)

Infracommunities of Streblidae and Nycteribiidae (Diptera) on bats in an ecotone area between Cerrado and Atlantic Forest in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul / Infracomunidades de Streblidae e Nycteribiidae (Diptera) em morcegos em uma área de ecótono entre Cerrado e Mata Atlântica no estado do Mato Grosso do Sul

We described infracommunities, prevalence and mean intensity of infestation of ecotoparasite flies (Nycteribiidae and Streblidae) on bats in an ecotone area of Cerrado as predominant vegetation, with influence of Atlantic Forest, in the southeast of Mato Grosso do Sul. In 36 sampling nights between April 2015 and August 2016 (23,328 m².h), we captured 17 bat species, of which ten were infested, and 14 species of fly. The most abundant bats were the phyllostomids Artibeus planirostris (Spix, 1823), Glossophaga soricina (Pallas, 1776) and Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758) and the most abundant flies were the streblids Trichobius longipes (Rudow, 1871), T. joblingi Wenzel, 1966 and Megistopoda aranea (Coquillett, 1899). Phyllostomus hastatus (Pallas, 1767) was the bat species that presented the highest infestation rate. Platyrrhinus lineatus (É. Geoffroy, 1810) and Desmodus rotundus (É. Geoffroy, 1810) were not infested. Besides that, the frequency of bats that were infested by a single species of fly was higher than the frequency of bats infested for two or more, and it may be a pattern.

Descrevemos infracomunidades, prevalência e intensidade média de infestação de moscas ectoparasitas (Nycteribiidae e Streblidae) sobre morcegos numa área de Cerrado como vegetação predominante, com influência de Mata Atlântica, no sudeste de Mato Grosso do Sul. Após 36 noites de coleta entre abril de 2015 e agosto de 2016 (23.328 m².h), capturamos 17 espécies de morcegos, das quais dez estavam infestadas, e 14 espécies de moscas. Os morcegos mais abundantes foram os filostomídeos Artibeus planirostris (Spix, 1823), Glossophaga soricina (Pallas, 1776) e Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758) e as moscas mais abundantes foram as estréblidas Trichobius longipes (Rudow, 1871), T. joblingi Wenzel, 1966 e Megistopoda aranea (Coquillett, 1899). Phyllostomus hastatus (Pallas, 1767) foi a espécie de morcego que apresentou as taxas de infestação mais elevadas. Platyrrhinus lineatus (É. Geoffroy, 1810) e Desmodus rotundus (É. Geoffroy, 1810) não estavam infestados. Além disso, a frequência em que os morcegos estavam infestados por apenas uma espécie de mosca foi superior à dos que estavam infestados por duas ou mais, o que pode ser um padrão.

Trichobius longipes (Diptera, Streblidae) as a parasite of Phyllostomus hastatus (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) / Trichobius longipes (Diptera, Streblidae) como parasita de Phyllostomus hastatus (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae)

Among the factors that influence the diversity of ectoparasites on bat hosts are the kind of roost and the host's social behavior. Other factors such as sex, reproductive condition and host size may influence the distribution and abundance of ectoparasites. The aim of the present study was to analyze the variation in Streblidae ectoparasites on the bat Phyllostomus hastatus, according to sex and roost type. We caught bats in four houses on Marambaia Island, municipality of Mangaratiba, and in one house at the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, municipality of Seropédica. We caught 65 females and 50 males of P. hastatus and 664 streblids of four species: Aspidoptera phyllostomatis, Strebla consocia, Trichobius “dugesii” complex and Trichobius longipes. The species T. longipes accounted for more than 99% of all the ectoparasites caught. Female bats were more parasitized than males, in terms of both prevalence and average intensity. The total number of parasites did not vary between resident and non-resident bats. The relationship between the number of individuals of T. longipes and sex and roost type was significant for resident bats. The total number of parasites on males did not differ between bachelor roosts and mixed-sex roosts. The differences found between roosts reflected the differences between the sexes.

Os fatores que influenciam a diversidade de artrópodes ectoparasitos no morcego hospedeiro incluem o tipo de abrigo e o comportamento social da espécie hospedeira. Aspectos como sexo, condição reprodutiva e tamanho do hospedeiro podem influenciar a distribuição e a abundância dos ectoparasitos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a variação no parasitismo de estreblídeos em Phyllostomus hastatus, considerando os sexos e diferentes abrigos. Os morcegos foram capturados em quatro casas na Ilha da Marambaia, município de Mangaratiba, e em uma casa na Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, município de Seropédica. Foram capturados 65 fêmeas e 50 machos de P. hastatus e 664 dípteros estreblídeos distribuídos em quatro espécies: Aspidoptera phyllostomatis, Strebla consocia, Trichobius complexo “dugesii” e Trichobius longipes. A espécie T. longipes representou mais de 99% das capturas de Streblidae. Fêmeas de morcegos foram mais parasitadas que os machos, tanto em prevalência quanto em intensidade média. O total de parasitos não variou entre os morcegos residentes e os não residentes. O modelo considerado entre o total de T. longipes, o sexo e o abrigo para indivíduos residentes mostrou-se significativo. O total de parasitos em machos não difere entre aqueles oriundos de abrigos de machos solteiros e de abrigos heterossexuais. As diferenças entre os abrigos refletem a diferença no parasitismo entre os sexos dos hospedeiros.