Lutein and zeaxanthin content in corn imported from three countries of the American continent and in corn cultivated in Colombian territory / Conteúdo de luteína e zeaxantina em milho importado de três países do continente americano e em milho cultivado em território colombiano

Lutein and zeaxanthin are the major xanthophyll pigments found in corn kernels. These pigments provide the orange-red color of the broiler chicken skin and of the egg yolk. Therefore, knowing the corn xanthophyll content is important for the poultry feed producer. The objective of this study was to determine the lutein and the zeaxanthin content in corn cultivated in Colombia and in corn imported to Colombia from the United States, Argentina, and Brazil. Large differences in total lutein plus zeaxanthin content were found among the corn samples analyzed, with the highest mean level found in Colombian corn (2,758µg/100g), followed by Argentina (1,861µg/100g), United States (1,041µg/100g) and Brazil (947µg/100g). Large differences in lutein plus zeaxanthin content were also found among different corn hybrids cultivated in Colombia. Differences among geographical regions might be due to differences in UV-B radiation or in the light hours received by the crop during its growth. The differences among different corn hybrids might probably be due to genetic differences. Corn growers might be interested in cultivating hybrids higher in lutein and zeaxanthin as these pigments are very important in poultry production and human eye health.

Luteína e zeaxantina são os principais pigmentos xantofilas encontrados nos grãos de milho. Em aves, esses pigmentos naturais conferem a cor vermelho-alaranjada típica da pele do frango de corte e da gema do ovo. Assim, é importante conhecer o teor de xantofilas do milho utilizado nas dietas de aves. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o teor de luteína e zeaxantina em milho cultivado na Colômbia e em milho importado para a Colômbia dos Estados Unidos, da Argentina e do Brasil. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas no teor de luteína total mais zeaxantina entre as amostras de milho analisadas, com o nível médio mais elevado no milho colombiano (2.758µg/100g), seguido pelo milho argentino (1.861µg/100g), pelo milho dos Estados Unidos (1.041µg/100g) e pelo milho brasileiro (947µg/100g). Grandes diferenças no teor de luteína e zeaxantina também foram encontradas entre variados híbridos de milho cultivados na Colômbia. As diferenças entre as regiões geográficas podem ser devido a diferenças na radiação UV-B ou nas horas de luz recebida pela cultura durante seu crescimento. As diferenças entre os diversos híbridos de milho provavelmente podem ser devido a diferenças genéticas. Os produtores de milho podem estar interessados ​​em cultivar híbridos mais ricos em luteína e zeaxantina, pois esses pigmentos são muito importantes na produção de aves e na saúde ocular humana.

A Critical Review of the risk factors associated with Canine Squamous Cell Carcinoma development

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a common neoplastic skin disease that is highly prevalent in tropical countries. As the skin has a variety of cells, overexposure to environmental factors, such as ultraviolet light, can affect this organ, resulting in malignancies, such as cutaneous SCC, hemangioma, and hemangiosarcoma. SCC arises from keratinocytes in the skin and is locally invasive with low metastatic rates, commonly affecting unpigmented skin in sites with high exposure to sunlight, such as ventral regions. SCC has a variable etiology that is not well understood. Therefore, literature review aimed to critically evaluate the risk factors involved in the SCC development.(AU)

Fluorescence spectroscopy for clinical transplantation liver grafts monitoring: possibilities offered by 408 nm excitation

Purpose: Fluorescence spectroscopy techniques have been investigated aiming to reduce the invasiveness of methods for investigation of tissue. In transplantation procedures, it may offer the possibility of a complementary technique for the monitoring of liver grafts' conditions prior to and during the transplantation procedure stages involving cold perfusion. The objective of this study was to evaluate fluorescence spectroscopy under violet light excitation (408 nm) for the monitoring of clinical hypothermic liver transplantation procedures. Methods: Organ grafts were monitored from before the removal of the donor's body to 1 h after the implant into the receptor's body. Fluorescence spectroscopy was assessed over five stages within these transplant stages. Results: The study provided evidence of a correlation between fluorescence information collected during liver grafts transplantation and the survival of patients. Conclusions: Fluorescence spectroscopy can become a tool to monitor transplantation grafts, providing objective information for the final decision of surgeons to use organs.

Nitrogen-fixing Cyanothece sp. as a mixotroph and silver nanoparticle synthesizer: a multitasking exceptional cyanobacterium / Cyanothece sp. fixadora de nitrogênio como um sintetizador de nanopartículas mixotrófico e prata: uma cianobactéria excepcional multitarefa

To investigate the best carbon source for mixotrophic growth of Cyanothece sp. This cyanobacterium is also used as a source of biogenic silver nanoparticles. The study also investigates the antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles (both gold and silver) biosynthesized by this cyanobacterium. Those particles are tested solely and in combination as antimicrobial agents against two farm bacteria commonly found in Al Ahsa. Soil extract was prepared from pesticide-free soil whereas dextrose was prepared in 6 mM concentration and the cyanobacterial culture cell density was determined after two weeks. Cultures of Cyanothece sp. were incubated with silver nitrate until turning brown. The external solution of culture was analyzed using chemical analyses including UV- visible and FTIR to confirm nano silver formation. Previously-biosynthesized nano gold particles by Cyanothece sp. were used solely and in combination with newly biosynthesized nano silver particles for antimicrobial bioassay against the two farm bacterial pathogens. The best mixotrophic cyanobacterial growth was obtained for soil extract followed by dextrose which were significantly different from control. The synthesis of nanoparticles using this cyanobacterium was confirmed using UV-visible light spectrophotometry which detected the characteristic surface plasmon resonance peak in the range of 410-450 nm and the FTIR spectroscopy which showed the characteristic silver nanoparticles peak at 3.297 cm-1 which overlaps with -OH- in addition to the other functional groups associated with nano silver particles detected at 2,927, 1,631 and 1,383 cm−1. Silver nanoparticles showed the strong antimicrobial effect against both pathogens Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Staphylococcus warneri with inhibition zone diameter 1.3 cm for both followed by the combination of silver and gold nanoparticles. Soil extract is a natural medium rich in all types of organic and inorganic nutrients which enhance algal mixotrophic growth. Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles showed the strongest antibacterial action against both pathogens most likely due to its ease of penetration, interaction with cellular components, generation of reactive oxygen species and induction of oxidative stress leading to bacterial death.

Investigar a melhor fonte de carbono para o crescimento mixotrófico de Cyanothece sp. Esta cianobactéria também é utilizada como fonte de nanopartículas de prata biogênicas. O estudo também investiga a atividade antimicrobiana de nanopartículas (ouro e prata) biossintetizadas por essa cianobactéria. Essas partículas são testadas isoladamente e em combinação como agentes antimicrobianos contra duas bactérias agrícolas comumente encontradas em Al Ahsa. O extrato do solo foi preparado a partir de solo livre de pesticidas, enquanto a dextrose foi preparada na concentração de 6 mM e a densidade celular da cultura de cianobactérias foi determinada após duas semanas. Culturas de Cyanothece sp. foram incubadas com nitrato de prata até ficarem marrons. A solução externa de cultura foi analisada usando análises químicas incluindo UV-visível e FTIR para confirmar a formação de nano prata. Nano partículas de ouro previamente biossintetizadas por Cyanothece sp. foram usados ​​apenas e em combinação com nano partículas de prata recém-biossintetizadas para bioensaio antimicrobiano contra os dois patógenos bacterianos da fazenda. O melhor crescimento de cianobactérias mixotrópicas foi obtido para o extrato de solo seguido pela dextrose que foram significativamente diferentes do controle. A síntese de nanopartículas usando esta cianobactéria foi confirmada por espectrofotometria de luz UV-visível que detectou o pico característico de ressonância plasmônica de superfície na faixa de 410-450 nm e a espectroscopia FTIR que mostrou as nanopartículas de prata características - pico em 3.297 cm-1 que se sobrepõe com -OH- além dos outros grupos funcionais associados a nanopartículas de prata detectadas em 2.927, 1.631 e 1.383 cm−1. As nanopartículas de prata mostraram forte efeito antimicrobiano contra ambos os patógenos (Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) e Staphylococcus warneri com diâmetro de zona de inibição de 1,3 cm para ambos, seguido pela combinação de nanopartículas de prata e ouro. O extrato do solo é um meio natural rico em todos os tipos de nutrientes orgânicos e inorgânicos que favorecem o crescimento mixotrófico de algas. As nanopartículas de prata biossintetizadas mostraram a ação antibacteriana mais forte contra ambos os patógenos, provavelmente devido à sua facilidade de penetração, interação com componentes celulares, geração de espécies reativas de oxigênio e indução de estresse oxidativo levando à morte bacteriana.

Cytotoxicity of iodine-131 radiopharmaceutical in tumor and non-tumor human cells and radioprotection by integral juices of Vitis labrusca L / Citotoxicidade do radiofarmacêutico iodo-131 em células humanas tumorais e não tumorais e radioprotecção por sucos integrais de Vitis labrusca L

Iodine-131 (I-131) radioisotope it causes the formation of free radicals, which lead to the formation of cell lesions and the reduction of cell viability. Thus, the use of radioprotectors, especially those from natural sources, which reduce the effects of radiation to healthy tissues, while maintaining the sensitivity of tumor cells, stands out. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the cytoprotective/radioprotective effects of whole grape juices manufactured from the conventional or organic production systems, whether or not exposed to ultraviolet (UV-C) light irradiation. The results showed that I-131 presented a cytotoxic effect on human hepatocellular cells (HepG2/C3A) at concentrations above 1.85 MBq/mL, after 24 and 48 hours of treatment, though all concentrations (0.0037 to 7.40 MBq/mL) were cytotoxic to non-tumor human lung fibroblast (MCR-5) cells, after 48 hours. However, grape juices (10 and 20 µL/mL) did not interfere with the cytotoxic effect of the therapeutic dose of I-131 on tumor cells within 48 hours of treatment, while protecting the non-tumor cells, probably due to its high antioxidant activity. In accordance with their nutraceutical potential, antioxidant and radioprotective activity, these data stimulate in vivo studies on the use of natural products as radioprotectants, such as grape juice, in order to confirm the positive beneficial potential in living organisms.

O radioisótopo iodo-131 (I-131) causa a formação de radicais livres, que levam à formação de lesões celulares e redução da viabilidade celular. Assim, destaca-se a utilização de radioprotetores, principalmente de origem natural, que reduzem os efeitos da radiação nos tecidos saudáveis, mantendo a sensibilidade das células tumorais. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos citoprotetores/radioprotetores de sucos de uva integral fabricados em sistemas de produção convencional ou orgânico, expostos ou não à radiação ultravioleta (UV-C). Os resultados mostraram que o I-131 apresentou efeito citotóxico nas células hepatocelulares humanas (HepG2/C3A) em concentrações acima de 1,85 MBq/mL, após 24 e 48 horas de tratamento, embora todas as concentrações (0,0037 a 7,40 MBq/mL) fossem citotóxicas para células de fibroblasto de pulmão humano não tumoral (MCR-5), após 48 horas. No entanto, os sucos de uva (10 e 20 µL/mL) não interferiram no efeito citotóxico da dose terapêutica de I-131 nas células tumorais em 48 horas de tratamento, protegendo as células não tumorais, provavelmente devido ao seu alto poder antioxidante. atividade. De acordo com seu potencial nutracêutico, atividade antioxidante e radioprotetora, esses dados estimulam estudos in vivo sobre o uso de produtos naturais como radioprotetores, como o suco de uva, a fim de confirmar o potencial benéfico positivo em organismos vivos.

Efficiency of ultraviolet light for disinfection of fertile broiler eggs / Eficiência da luz ultravioleta para desinfecção de ovos férteis de matrizes de frangos de corte

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of ultraviolet light in reducing bacterial load of eggshells and the impact of experimental disinfection on hatching, embryo mortality, and time-borne distribution using broiler breeder hens of different ages (38, 42, and 48 weeks old). Fertile eggs were subjected to different exposure periods (5, 7, and 9 minutes) of UV light (UV-C) with a 254 nm wavelength. For controls, eggs disinfected with paraformaldehyde (5.3 g/m3) and eggs not disinfected (NC). After subjection to disinfection protocols, the eggs were placed into sterile plastic bags containing 20 mL of peptone saline solution (0.1% m:v) and massaged for 1 minute to release the bacterial load. Aliquots of this solution were incubated in specific medium for bacterial growth for 48 hours at 37ºC for subsequent CFU counts. To evaluate the effects of disinfection on production, eggs previously disinfected by UV-C (9 min) and paraformaldehyde and NC eggs were candled between incubation days 10 and 13 and at the end of the incubation period to assess embryonic mortality. Hatchability distribution was performed every 8 hours. The 9 minutes 254nm UV-C light exposure was able to disinfect viable eggs and matched the effectiveness of the paraformaldehyde technique.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar a eficácia da luz ultravioleta na redução da carga bacteriana de cascas de ovos e o impacto na eclosão e na mortalidade embrionária observando-se a idade das matrizes (38, 42 e 48 semanas). Os ovos foram submetidos a diferentes períodos de exposição (cinco, sete e nove minutos) à luz UV (UV-C) com comprimento de onda de 254nm. Os controles foram ovos desinfetados com paraformaldeído (5,3g/m³) e ovos não desinfetados (NC). Após a desinfecção, os ovos foram colocados em sacos plásticos estéreis contendo 20mL de solução salina peptonada (0,1% m:v) e massageados por um (1) minuto para descolamento das bactérias. Alíquotas dessa solução foram incubadas em meio para crescimento bacteriano por 48 horas a 37ºC e contagem de UFC. Para avaliar os efeitos da desinfecção, ovos previamente desinfetados por UV-C (nove minutos) e ovos com paraformaldeído e NC foram submetidos à ovoscopia entre os dias 10 e 13 de incubação e ao final do período de incubação, para avaliação da mortalidade embrionária. A distribuição da eclodibilidade foi realizada a cada oito horas. A exposição à luz UV-C de 25nm de nove minutos desinfetou os ovos férteis e coincidiu com a eficácia do paraformaldeído.(AU)

Daily vertical distribution of zooplankton in two oligo-mesotrophic north Patagonian lakes (39° S, Chile) / Distribuição vertical diária do zooplâncton em dois lagos oligo-mesotróficos ao norte da Patagônia (39º S, Chile)

The zooplankton communities often exhibit daily vertical migrations to avoid natural ultraviolet radiation and/or fish predation. However there is no information on this topic in Chilean North Patagonian lakes up to date. Therefore, this study deals with a first characterization of plankton crustacean daily vertical migration in two temperate, oligotrophic lakes (Villarrica and Panguipulli lakes, 39°S) in Southern Chile. Zooplankton were collected at different depths intervals (0-10m, 10-20 m, 20-30m, 30-40m) at early morning, middle day, evening and night in the studied site. The results revealed that zooplankton species (Daphnia pulex, Ceriodaphnia dubia, Neobosmina chilensis, Mesocyclops araucanus, and Tropocyclops prasinus) are abundant in surface zones at night, early morning and evening, whereas at middle day the zooplankton abundances are high at deep zones. The results agree with observations for Argentinean and North American lakes where these daily migration patterns in crustacean zooplankton species were reported due mainly natural ultraviolet radiation exposure, whereas for northern hemisphere lakes the vertical migration is due to combined effect of natural ultraviolet radiation and fish predation exposure.(AU)

As comunidades zooplanctônicas frequentemente exibem migrações verticais diárias para evitar a radiação ultravioleta natural e/ou a predação de peixes. No entanto, não há informações sobre esse tema em lagos chilenos no norte da Patagônia até a presente data. Portanto, este estudo trata de uma primeira caracterização da migração vertical diária de crustáceo planctônico em dois lagos temperados e oligotróficos (lagos Villarrica e Panguipulli, 39º S) no sul do Chile. O zooplâncton foi coletado em diferentes profundidades (0-10 m, 10-20 m, 20-30 m e 30-40 m) no início da manhã, ao meio-dia, à tarde e à noite no local estudado. Os resultados revelaram que as espécies de zooplâncton (Daphnia pulex, Ceriodaphnia dubia, Neobosmina chilensis, Mesocyclops araucanus e Tropocyclops prasinus) são abundantes nas zonas de superfície à noite, de manhã cedo e à tarde, enquanto, ao meio-dia, as abundâncias do zooplâncton são altas nas zonas de profundidade. Os resultados expostos corroboram as observações para outros lagos argentinos e da América do Norte, onde foram reportados esses padrões de migração diária em espécies crustáceas de zooplâncton por causa, principalmente, da exposição à radiação ultravioleta natural, enquanto, para lagos do hemisfério norte, a migração vertical se dá em razão do efeito combinado da radiação ultravioleta natural e exposição à predação.(AU)

UV-C radiation on fresh fig quality

Sanitization using chemical agents to reduce the microbiological load on the surface of agricultural products have the drawback of leaving residues. Conversely, physical treatments, such as ultraviolet radiation C (UV-C), are residue-free, non-toxic and environmentally friendly. Ripe figs are perishable, exhibiting an epidermis with low resistance to mechanical treatment, high water content and the ostiole, which is an open door that expedites undesirable microorganism penetration. In this study, the effect of different energy levels of UV-C radiation on the appearance and physico-chemical properties of the figs when stored at 10 °C and 20 °C was evaluated focusing on the technological parameters of the application of radiation. The energy levels of radiation applied were 0.00, 0.71, 1.32, 2.64 and 4.01 kJ m−2 and they showed neither acceleration nor delay effects on fig ripening. Figs exposed to the radiation energy at 0.71, 1.32, 2.64 and 4.01 kJ m−2 showed a lower incidence of rot at the same temperature, but the figs exposed to the highest radiation, 4.01 kJ m−2, showed more wilting and stains, which significantly impaired their appearance. UV-C radiation reduces the development of rotting, providing evidence of its potential in the postharvest processing of ripe figs. However, radiation levels should be limited to avoid undesirable epidermis stains.

UV-C radiation on fresh fig quality

Sanitization using chemical agents to reduce the microbiological load on the surface of agricultural products have the drawback of leaving residues. Conversely, physical treatments, such as ultraviolet radiation C (UV-C), are residue-free, non-toxic and environmentally friendly. Ripe figs are perishable, exhibiting an epidermis with low resistance to mechanical treatment, high water content and the ostiole, which is an open door that expedites undesirable microorganism penetration. In this study, the effect of different energy levels of UV-C radiation on the appearance and physico-chemical properties of the figs when stored at 10 °C and 20 °C was evaluated focusing on the technological parameters of the application of radiation. The energy levels of radiation applied were 0.00, 0.71, 1.32, 2.64 and 4.01 kJ m−2 and they showed neither acceleration nor delay effects on fig ripening. Figs exposed to the radiation energy at 0.71, 1.32, 2.64 and 4.01 kJ m−2 showed a lower incidence of rot at the same temperature, but the figs exposed to the highest radiation, 4.01 kJ m−2, showed more wilting and stains, which significantly impaired their appearance. UV-C radiation reduces the development of rotting, providing evidence of its potential in the postharvest processing of ripe figs. However, radiation levels should be limited to avoid undesirable epidermis stains.(AU)

Actin filaments altered distribution in wheat (Triticum aestivum) Bending Root to respond to enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation / Distribuição alterada dos filamentos de actina no trigo (Triticum aestivum) “Raiz dobrada” para responder à radiação ultravioleta B aprimorada

Plants adjust their shoot growth to acclimate to changing environmental factors, such as to enhanced Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation. However, people have ignored that plant roots can also respond to UV-B light. Here, we find the morphology curled wheat roots under UV-B radiation, that we call, bending roots. The curly region is the transition zone of the root after observed at the cellular level. After exposed to enhanced UV-B radiation for 2 d (10.08 KJ/m2/d), cell size decreased and actin filaments gathered in wheat roots. We also find that H2O2 production increased and that content of the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) increased remarkably. The pharmacological experiment revealed that actin filaments gathered and polymerized into bundles in the wheat root cells after irrigated H2O2 and IAA. These results indicated that actin filaments changed their distribution and formed the bending root, which was related to H2O2 production and increase in IAA. Overall, actin filaments in wheat root cells could be a subcellular target of UV-B radiation, and its disruption determines root morphology.(AU)

As plantas ajustam o crescimento da parte aérea para se adaptarem a fatores ambientais variáveis, como o aumento da radiação ultravioleta B (UVB). No entanto, as pessoas ignoram que as raízes das plantas também podem responder à luz UVB. Neste estudo, verificamos a morfologia das raízes enroladas de trigo sob radiação UVB, o que chamamos de raízes dobradas. A região encaracolada é a zona de transição da raiz no nível celular. Depois de exposição à radiação UVB aprimorada por 2 dias (10,08 KJ/m2/d), o tamanho das células diminuiu, e os filamentos de actina se reuniram. Também constatamos que a produção de H2O2 aumentou e que o conteúdo do ácido indol-3-acético (IAA) aumentou notavelmente. O experimento farmacológico revelou que os filamentos de actina se reuniram e polimerizaram em feixes nas células da raiz de trigo após irrigação com H2O2 e IAA. Esses resultados indicam que os filamentos de actina alteraram sua distribuição e formaram a raiz dobrada, relacionada à produção de H2O2 e ao aumento do IAA. No geral, os filamentos de actina nas células da raiz de trigo podem ser um alvo subcelular da radiação UVB, e sua interrupção determina a morfologia da raiz.(AU)

Evaluation of the production of antifungal metabolites against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in Streptomyces 5.1 by random mutagenesis

Streptomyces 5.1 is a bacterium isolated from rice soils in the south of the Tolima department (Colombia). This microorganism is characterized by its antagonistic activity against rubber tree phytopathogens like Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, the causal agent of leaf anthracnose. The antifungal activity of this Streptomyces isolate has been associated with secondary metabolites production. However, the identity of those metabolites is unknown because its purification and identification have not been possible through classic chemical studies. Therefore, aiming to contribute in the study of the secondary metabolites produced by 5.1 from a molecular approach, this research seeks to identify -preliminarily- the genomic fingerprint changes associated with the production of antifungal secondary metabolites produced by Streptomyces 5.1 through the evaluation of a mutant library of 5.1 obtained by random mutagenesis using controlled ultraviolet light exposure. The antifungal activity of obtained mutants was evaluated using Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (C1) fungus as a biosensor, isolated by the Biotechnology Institute of Universidad Nacional de Colombia. In this way, the library of mutants of 5.1, initially formed by 300 isolations, was classified into two phenotypic groups of interest: enhanced mutants (1 isolate) and null mutants (11 isolates) of secondary metabolites. The genomic changes in both groups were analyzed by obtaining the genomic profile of the isolates using Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic (Rep-PCR). The obtained profiles evidenced the presence of one additional band in the enhanced mutant, and the absence of a specific band in the non-producing mutants, both in comparison with the original strain. These bands are proposed for a future sequencing study which will define their role in the production process of metabolites with antifungal activity in Streptomyces 5.1.

Evaluation of the production of antifungal metabolites against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in Streptomyces 5.1 by random mutagenesis

Streptomyces 5.1 is a bacterium isolated from rice soils in the south of the Tolima department (Colombia). This microorganism is characterized by its antagonistic activity against rubber tree phytopathogens like Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, the causal agent of leaf anthracnose. The antifungal activity of this Streptomyces isolate has been associated with secondary metabolites production. However, the identity of those metabolites is unknown because its purification and identification have not been possible through classic chemical studies. Therefore, aiming to contribute in the study of the secondary metabolites produced by 5.1 from a molecular approach, this research seeks to identify -preliminarily- the genomic fingerprint changes associated with the production of antifungal secondary metabolites produced by Streptomyces 5.1 through the evaluation of a mutant library of 5.1 obtained by random mutagenesis using controlled ultraviolet light exposure. The antifungal activity of obtained mutants was evaluated using Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (C1) fungus as a biosensor, isolated by the Biotechnology Institute of Universidad Nacional de Colombia. In this way, the library of mutants of 5.1, initially formed by 300 isolations, was classified into two phenotypic groups of interest: enhanced mutants (1 isolate) and null mutants (11 isolates) of secondary metabolites. The genomic changes in both groups were analyzed by obtaining the genomic profile of the isolates using Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic (Rep-PCR). The obtained profiles evidenced the presence of one additional band in the enhanced mutant, and the absence of a specific band in the non-producing mutants, both in comparison with the original strain. These bands are proposed for a future sequencing study which will define their role in the production process of metabolites with antifungal activity in Streptomyces 5.1.(AU)

Actin filaments altered distribution in wheat (Triticum aestivum) Bending Root to respond to enhanced Ultraviolet-B radiation

Abstract Plants adjust their shoot growth to acclimate to changing environmental factors, such as to enhanced Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation. However, people have ignored that plant roots can also respond to UV-B light. Here, we find the morphology curled wheat roots under UV-B radiation, that we call, bending roots. The curly region is the transition zone of the root after observed at the cellular level. After exposed to enhanced UV-B radiation for 2 d (10.08 KJ/m2/d), cell size decreased and actin filaments gathered in wheat roots. We also find that H2O2 production increased and that content of the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) increased remarkably. The pharmacological experiment revealed that actin filaments gathered and polymerized into bundles in the wheat root cells after irrigated H2O2 and IAA. These results indicated that actin filaments changed their distribution and formed the bending root, which was related to H2O2 production and increase in IAA. Overall, actin filaments in wheat root cells could be a subcellular target of UV-B radiation, and its disruption determines root morphology.

Resumo As plantas ajustam o crescimento da parte aérea para se adaptarem a fatores ambientais variáveis, como o aumento da radiação ultravioleta B (UVB). No entanto, as pessoas ignoram que as raízes das plantas também podem responder à luz UVB. Neste estudo, verificamos a morfologia das raízes enroladas de trigo sob radiação UVB, o que chamamos de raízes dobradas. A região encaracolada é a zona de transição da raiz no nível celular. Depois de exposição à radiação UVB aprimorada por 2 dias (10,08 KJ/m2/d), o tamanho das células diminuiu, e os filamentos de actina se reuniram. Também constatamos que a produção de H2O2 aumentou e que o conteúdo do ácido indol-3-acético (IAA) aumentou notavelmente. O experimento farmacológico revelou que os filamentos de actina se reuniram e polimerizaram em feixes nas células da raiz de trigo após irrigação com H2O2 e IAA. Esses resultados indicam que os filamentos de actina alteraram sua distribuição e formaram a raiz dobrada, relacionada à produção de H2O2 e ao aumento do IAA. No geral, os filamentos de actina nas células da raiz de trigo podem ser um alvo subcelular da radiação UVB, e sua interrupção determina a morfologia da raiz.

Eletroquimioterapia como tratamento de carcinoma espinocelular em felino: relato de caso / Electrochemotherapy as treatment of squamous cell carcinoma in feline: case report / Electroquimioterapia como tratamiento del carcinoma de células escamosas en felino: relato de caso

O carcinoma de células escamosas (CCE) é uma neoplasia maligna resultante da diferenciação de ceratinócitos, que acomete principalmente animais de pelagem clara e pouco pigmentados, decorrente da exposição à radiação ultravioleta. Apresentam evolução lenta e baixo caráter metastático, porém, em alguns mais avançados pode ocorrer acometimento metastático de órgãos adjacentes. Os tratamentos utilizados no CCE incluem cirurgia, radioterapia, quimioterapia, crioterapia e eletroquimioterapia (EQT). A eletroquimioterapia se mostra bastante eficaz no tratamento desse tumor, dentre outros e comumente não apresenta efeito colateral. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar o caso de um felino atendido na Clínica Veterinária Bichos S.A. no município de Foz do Iguaçu, diagnosticado com Carcinoma de Células Escamosas e portador do vírus da imunodefiência felina. O tratamento adotado para a neoplasia foi a eletroquimioterapia, resultando em remissão parcial das lesões, após vinte dias da EQT. Com objetivo de investigar possível acometimento ósseo, foi realizada radiografia de face, onde a mesma apresentou área de lise óssea em arco zigomático e maxila esquerda, indicativo de infiltração neoplásica. A radiografia torácica apontou presença de área nodular sobrepondo lobo pulmonar caudal direito, indicativo de processo metastático. Em virtude do prognóstico reservado, os tutores optaram pela eutanásia do mesmo.(AU)

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a malignant neoplasm resulting from the differentiation of keratinocytes, which mainly affects light-colored and non-pigmented animals due to exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Although they present slow evolution and low metastatic character, in some more advanced cases, metastatic involvement of adjacent organs may occur. The treatments used in SCC include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, cryotherapy and electrochemotherapy (ECT). Electrochemotherapy is quite effective in the treatment of this type of tumor, among others, and it usually has no side effect. This work aims at reporting the case of a feline treated at the Veterinary Clinic Bichos S.A. in the city of Foz do Iguaçu diagnosed with Squamous Cell Carcinoma and carrying the feline immunodefense virus (FIV). Electrochemotherapy was the treatment of choice for the neoplasia, resulting in partial remission of the lesions after twenty days of treatment. In order to investigate possible bone involvement, an X-ray of the face was performed, where it presented area of bone lysis in the zygomatic arch and left maxilla, signs of neoplastic infiltration. The chest X-ray showed a nodular area overlapping the right caudal pulmonary lobe, an indication of metastatic process. Due to the reserved prognosis, the tutors chose euthanasia of the subject.(AU)

El carcinoma de células escamosas (CEC) es una neoplasia maligna resultante de la diferenciación de queratinocitos, que afecta principalmente a animales de pelaje claro y de poca pigmentación, resultado de la exposición a la radiación ultravioleta. Tienen una evolución lenta y un carácter metastásico bajo, sin embargo, en algunos más avanzados puede producirse afectación metastásica de órganos adyacentes. Los tratamientos utilizados en el CEC incluyen cirugía, radioterapia, quimioterapia, crioterapia y electroquimioterapia (EQT). La electroquimioterapia es muy eficaz en el tratamiento de ese tumor, entre otros y no suele tener efectos secundarios. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo reportar el caso de un felino atendido en la Clínica Veterinária Bichos S.A. de la ciudad de Foz do Iguaçu, diagnosticado con Carcinoma de Células Escamosas y con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia felina. El tratamiento adoptado para la neoplasia fue la electroquimioterapia, resultando en remisión parcial de las lesiones luego de veinte días de EQT. Con el fin de investigar la posible afectación ósea se realizó una radiografía de rostro, donde se presentó un área de lisis ósea en arco cigomático y maxilar izquierdo, indicativo de infiltración neoplásica. La radiografía de tórax mostró la presencia de un área nodular superpuesta al lóbulo pulmonar caudal derecho, lo que indicaba un proceso metastásico. Debido al pronóstico reservado, los tutores optaron por la eutanasia.(AU)

Eletroquimioterapia como tratamento de carcinoma espinocelular em felino: relato de caso / Electrochemotherapy as treatment of squamous cell carcinoma in feline: case report / Electroquimioterapia como tratamiento del carcinoma de células escamosas en felino: relato de caso

O carcinoma de células escamosas (CCE) é uma neoplasia maligna resultante da diferenciação de ceratinócitos, que acomete principalmente animais de pelagem clara e pouco pigmentados, decorrente da exposição à radiação ultravioleta. Apresentam evolução lenta e baixo caráter metastático, porém, em alguns mais avançados pode ocorrer acometimento metastático de órgãos adjacentes. Os tratamentos utilizados no CCE incluem cirurgia, radioterapia, quimioterapia, crioterapia e eletroquimioterapia (EQT). A eletroquimioterapia se mostra bastante eficaz no tratamento desse tumor, dentre outros e comumente não apresenta efeito colateral. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar o caso de um felino atendido na Clínica Veterinária Bichos S.A. no município de Foz do Iguaçu, diagnosticado com Carcinoma de Células Escamosas e portador do vírus da imunodefiência felina. O tratamento adotado para a neoplasia foi a eletroquimioterapia, resultando em remissão parcial das lesões, após vinte dias da EQT. Com objetivo de investigar possível acometimento ósseo, foi realizada radiografia de face, onde a mesma apresentou área de lise óssea em arco zigomático e maxila esquerda, indicativo de infiltração neoplásica. A radiografia torácica apontou presença de área nodular sobrepondo lobo pulmonar caudal direito, indicativo de processo metastático. Em virtude do prognóstico reservado, os tutores optaram pela eutanásia do mesmo.(AU)

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a malignant neoplasm resulting from the differentiation of keratinocytes, which mainly affects light-colored and non-pigmented animals due to exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Although they present slow evolution and low metastatic character, in some more advanced cases, metastatic involvement of adjacent organs may occur. The treatments used in SCC include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, cryotherapy and electrochemotherapy (ECT). Electrochemotherapy is quite effective in the treatment of this type of tumor, among others, and it usually has no side effect. This work aims at reporting the case of a feline treated at the Veterinary Clinic Bichos S.A. in the city of Foz do Iguaçu diagnosed with Squamous Cell Carcinoma and carrying the feline immunodefense virus (FIV). Electrochemotherapy was the treatment of choice for the neoplasia, resulting in partial remission of the lesions after twenty days of treatment. In order to investigate possible bone involvement, an X-ray of the face was performed, where it presented area of bone lysis in the zygomatic arch and left maxilla, signs of neoplastic infiltration. The chest X-ray showed a nodular area overlapping the right caudal pulmonary lobe, an indication of metastatic process. Due to the reserved prognosis, the tutors chose euthanasia of the subject.(AU)

El carcinoma de células escamosas (CEC) es una neoplasia maligna resultante de la diferenciación de queratinocitos, que afecta principalmente a animales de pelaje claro y de poca pigmentación, resultado de la exposición a la radiación ultravioleta. Tienen una evolución lenta y un carácter metastásico bajo, sin embargo, en algunos más avanzados puede producirse afectación metastásica de órganos adyacentes. Los tratamientos utilizados en el CEC incluyen cirugía, radioterapia, quimioterapia, crioterapia y electroquimioterapia (EQT). La electroquimioterapia es muy eficaz en el tratamiento de ese tumor, entre otros y no suele tener efectos secundarios. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo reportar el caso de un felino atendido en la Clínica Veterinária Bichos S.A. de la ciudad de Foz do Iguaçu, diagnosticado con Carcinoma de Células Escamosas y con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia felina. El tratamiento adoptado para la neoplasia fue la electroquimioterapia, resultando en remisión parcial de las lesiones luego de veinte días de EQT. Con el fin de investigar la posible afectación ósea se realizó una radiografía de rostro, donde se presentó un área de lisis ósea en arco cigomático y maxilar izquierdo, indicativo de infiltración neoplásica. La radiografía de tórax mostró la presencia de un área nodular superpuesta al lóbulo pulmonar caudal derecho, lo que indicaba un proceso metastásico. Debido al pronóstico reservado, los tutores optaron por la eutanasia.(AU)

Anticancer potential of nanogold conjugated toxin GNP-NN-32 from Naja naja venom

Background: Cancer is the second most common fatal disease in the world, behind cardiovascular disorders in the first place. It accounts for around 0.3 million deaths per year in India due to the lack of proper diagnostic facilities, prevention and treatment. Current therapeutic methods do not provide adequate protection and affect normal cells along with cancerous ones. Thus, there is a need for some alternative therapeutic strategy, preferably from natural products, which have been traditionally used for treatment of various diseases in the country. Methods: In this study, we have conjugated purified NN-32 toxin from Naja naja venom with gold nanoparticles and its anticancer potential was evaluated against human breast cancer cell lines. UV-Vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and zeta potential analysis were the techniques used for characterization of GNP-NN-32. Results: GNP-NN-32 showed dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity against breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231). NN-32 and GNP-NN-32 induced apoptosis in both breast cancer cell lines. The results of CFSE cell proliferation study revealed that NN-32 and GNP-NN-32 arrested cell division in both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines resulting in inhibition of proliferation of these cancer cells. Conclusion: GNP-NN-32 showed an anticancer potential against human breast cancer cell lines. Analysis of detailed chemical characterization along with its cytotoxic property might help to perceive a new dimension of the anti-cancer potential of GNP-NN-32 that will enhance its biomedical function in near future.(AU)

Anticancer potential of nanogold conjugated toxin GNP-NN-32 from Naja naja venom

Background:Cancer is the second most common fatal disease in the world, behind cardiovascular disorders in the first place. It accounts for around 0.3 million deaths per year in India due to the lack of proper diagnostic facilities, prevention and treatment. Current therapeutic methods do not provide adequate protection and affect normal cells along with cancerous ones. Thus, there is a need for some alternative therapeutic strategy, preferably from natural products, which have been traditionally used for treatment of various diseases in the country.Methods:In this study, we have conjugated purified NN-32 toxin from Naja naja venom with gold nanoparticles and its anticancer potential was evaluated against human breast cancer cell lines. UV-Vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and zeta potential analysis were the techniques used for characterization of GNP-NN-32.Results:GNP-NN-32 showed dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity against breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231). NN-32 and GNP-NN-32 induced apoptosis in both breast cancer cell lines. The results of CFSE cell proliferation study revealed that NN-32 and GNP-NN-32 arrested cell division in both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines resulting in inhibition of proliferation of these cancer cells.Conclusion:GNP-NN-32 showed an anticancer potential against human breast cancer cell lines. Analysis of detailed chemical characterization along with its cytotoxic property might help to perceive a new dimension of the anti-cancer potential of GNP-NN-32 that will enhance its biomedical function in near future.(AU)

Radiação ultravioleta (uv-c) na qualidade pós-colheita de frutos de lichia ‘bengal’ / Ultraviolet radiation (uv-c) in post-harvest quality of lichia 'bengal' fruit

Objetivou-se avaliar a influência da radiação (UV-C) na conservação de lichias da cv. Bengal frigoarmazenadas. Os frutos foram submetidos a exposição da luz ultravioleta em equipamento IRINOX (UV-C com λ= 254 nm), acondicionados em bandeja de poliestireno expandido sem recobrimento e armazenados em câmara fria (5±0,5 ºC e 90±5 % de UR) por quinze dias. As análises foram realizadas a cada três dias e avaliados: perda de massa, atividade respiratória, pH, sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, índice de maturação e ácido ascórbico. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial e os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e regressão polinomial (p < 0,05). A radiação UV não foi efetiva para diminuição de perda de massa. Os tratamentos de 20 e 30 minutos de exposição à radiação UV-C foram eficazes na manutenção da concentração de ácido ascórbico.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of radiation (UV-C) on the conservation of litchi of cv. 'Bengal' refrigerated storage. The fruits were submitted to ultraviolet light exposure in IRINOX equipment (UV-C with λ = 254 nm), packaged in expanded polystyrene tray without overlay and stored in a cold room (5 ± 0.5 ºC and 90 ± 5% UR) for fifteen days. The analyzes were performed every three days and evaluated: loss of mass, respiratory activity, pH, soluble solids, titratable acidity, maturation index and ascorbic acid. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in a factorial scheme and the data were submitted to analysis of variance and polynomial regression (p <0.05). UV radiation was not effective in reducing mass loss. The treatments of 20 and 30 minutes exposure to UV-C radiation were effective in maintaining ascorbic acid concentration.

Radiação ultravioleta (uv-c) na qualidade pós-colheita de frutos de lichia ‘bengal / Ultraviolet radiation (uv-c) in post-harvest quality of lichia 'bengal' fruit

Objetivou-se avaliar a influência da radiação (UV-C) na conservação de lichias da cv. Bengal frigoarmazenadas. Os frutos foram submetidos a exposição da luz ultravioleta em equipamento IRINOX (UV-C com λ= 254 nm), acondicionados em bandeja de poliestireno expandido sem recobrimento e armazenados em câmara fria (5±0,5 ºC e 90±5 % de UR) por quinze dias. As análises foram realizadas a cada três dias e avaliados: perda de massa, atividade respiratória, pH, sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, índice de maturação e ácido ascórbico. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial e os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e regressão polinomial (p < 0,05). A radiação UV não foi efetiva para diminuição de perda de massa. Os tratamentos de 20 e 30 minutos de exposição à radiação UV-C foram eficazes na manutenção da concentração de ácido ascórbico.(AU)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of radiation (UV-C) on the conservation of litchi of cv. 'Bengal' refrigerated storage. The fruits were submitted to ultraviolet light exposure in IRINOX equipment (UV-C with λ = 254 nm), packaged in expanded polystyrene tray without overlay and stored in a cold room (5 ± 0.5 ºC and 90 ± 5% UR) for fifteen days. The analyzes were performed every three days and evaluated: loss of mass, respiratory activity, pH, soluble solids, titratable acidity, maturation index and ascorbic acid. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in a factorial scheme and the data were submitted to analysis of variance and polynomial regression (p <0.05). UV radiation was not effective in reducing mass loss. The treatments of 20 and 30 minutes exposure to UV-C radiation were effective in maintaining ascorbic acid concentration.(AU)

Effectiveness of ultraviolet (UV) insect light traps for mosquitoes control in coastal areas of Samut Songkhram province, Thailand

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of ultraviolet (UV) insect light traps for mosquito control and to study the relationship between this effect and weather factors in coastal areas of Samut Songkhram province, Thailand. The study sites were divided into two areas, approximately 2 and 4km from the sea. The trap was placed less than one meter away from the house, where it could reach electrical plugs. The effectiveness of UV light trap was tested from September to October 2017 between 6: 00 p.m. and 6: 00a.m., for a total of 30days. A total of 2,605 adult mosquitoes within four species belonging to two genera were collected, including Anopheles epiroticus Linton & Harbach, Culex quinquefasciatus Say, Cx. sitiens Wiedmann and Cx. gelidus Theobald. The effectiveness of UV insect light traps in area 2 km from the sea trapped 45.96 ± 42.13 mosquitoes per night and area 4 km from the sea trapped 40.83 ± 33.61 mosquitoes per night. While, effectiveness comparison of the UV insect light traps 2 and 4 km from the sea of were shown to be statistically significantly different (p < 0.05). These results of this study are useful for planning and application of UV light traps to control mosquito populations in coastal areas of Samut Songkhram province, Thailand and other coastal areas.(AU)