Behavior and swimming performance of local fish in the ecosystem waters of rivers, oxbow and peat swamps

The four fish species, Trichogaster pectoralis, Barbodes schwanenfeldii, Osphronemus gouramy, and Wallago leeri have the same body size, representing different habitats. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the four species swimming abilities and speeds, including sustained, maximum sustained, prolonged swimming speed, and burst speed. The four species were brought using oxygenated plastic bags to the Aquatic Resources Utilization Laboratory at Riau University. Then it was acclimated in an aquarium measuring 100×50×50 cm with an aeration and filtering system to maintain water quality. The four groups of species were forced to swim in the swimming channel of the flume tank, with different current speeds for each individual tested. The swimming activity of the fish was recorded using a high-speed video camera (Casio HS Exlim, EX-ZR400, Casio Computer Co. LTD, Japan). The results showed that the swimming speed of B. schwanenfeldii was higher than O. gouramy, T. pectoralis, and W. leeri. The maximum sustained swimming speed of B. schwanenfeldii is about 5.1 BL/s, and 14.2 BL/s for the burst speed. Meanwhile, the sustained swimming speed of O. gouramy (1.6 BL/s) and the burst speed is 7.2 BL/s. The maximum sustained swimming speed of T. pectoralis was 1.6 BL/s, and the burst speed was 5.7 BL/s. In addition, the maximum sustained swimming speed of W. leeri is only 0.5 BL/s and 2.4 BL/s for the burst speed. The ability of these four fish to swim was influenced by the morphology of the tail fin, body shape, and the habitat where they live.

Efficacy of Savory Essential Oil Utilization in Conventional and Encapsulated Forms on Performance of Broiler Chickens

This survey aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of different forms of savory essential oil (SEO) on growth performance, intestinal morphology and microbial population in broiler chickens. A total of 360 one-day-old male broilers were randomly allocated to 6 dietary treatment groups with 5 replicates per treatment and 12 birds per pen. The experiment consisted of a 2×3 factorial arrangement including two different forms [encapsulated SEO (ESEO) and nonencapsulated SEO (NSEO)] in three levels (0, 150, and 300 mg/kg diet) of SEO. Growth performance, jejunal morphology and intestine microbial population were examined. Our results revealed that feed intake was not influenced by the dietary treatments in different experimental periods. As well as, the experimental diets did not influence body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) during the starter period. However, at the grower, finisher, and also whole rearing periods, broilers which received 150 mg/kg SEO had significantly higher BWG and lower FCR compared to the birds fed the control diet. The final body weight (FBW) was also higher in chickens fed with diet supplemented with 150 mg/kg SEO in comparison to the others. The results also revealed that 150 mg/kg SEO, significantly increased the concentration of Lactobacillus and decreased the intensity of coliforms in the ileal digesta in comparison to the control diet. Furthermore, villus height was significantly lower in birds fed the control diet than in the birds that consumed different levels of SEO. Eventually, the findings of this experiment revealed that dietary supplementation of SEO, especially at 150 mg/kg level, was effective in raising the populations of beneficial microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract as well as improving intestinal morphology and growth performance of broilers.(AU)

Efficacy of Savory Essential Oil Utilization in Conventional and Encapsulated Forms on Performance of Broiler Chickens

This survey aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of different forms of savory essential oil (SEO) on growth performance, intestinal morphology and microbial population in broiler chickens. A total of 360 one-day-old male broilers were randomly allocated to 6 dietary treatment groups with 5 replicates per treatment and 12 birds per pen. The experiment consisted of a 2×3 factorial arrangement including two different forms [encapsulated SEO (ESEO) and nonencapsulated SEO (NSEO)] in three levels (0, 150, and 300 mg/kg diet) of SEO. Growth performance, jejunal morphology and intestine microbial population were examined. Our results revealed that feed intake was not influenced by the dietary treatments in different experimental periods. As well as, the experimental diets did not influence body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) during the starter period. However, at the grower, finisher, and also whole rearing periods, broilers which received 150 mg/kg SEO had significantly higher BWG and lower FCR compared to the birds fed the control diet. The final body weight (FBW) was also higher in chickens fed with diet supplemented with 150 mg/kg SEO in comparison to the others. The results also revealed that 150 mg/kg SEO, significantly increased the concentration of Lactobacillus and decreased the intensity of coliforms in the ileal digesta in comparison to the control diet. Furthermore, villus height was significantly lower in birds fed the control diet than in the birds that consumed different levels of SEO. Eventually, the findings of this experiment revealed that dietary supplementation of SEO, especially at 150 mg/kg level, was effective in raising the populations of beneficial microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract as well as improving intestinal morphology and growth performance of broilers.

The feasibility and effectiveness of thoracoscopic transdiaphragmatic approach for lung biopsy in rabbits: a randomized study

Purpose To assess the feasibility of thoracoscopic transdiaphragmatic approach for biopsy of all lung lobes and to determine the optimal intercostal space (ICS) for biopsy of each lung lobe. Methods Ten rabbits were positioned in dorsal recumbency. Total thoracoscopy lung biopsy was made combined transdiaphragmatic approach and right ICS approaches. A camera port was made in the transdiaphragmatic approach and the instrument port was made of ICS 7 and ICS 9. A pre tied loop ligature was placed to performed a caudal lung lobe biopsy and to simulate biopsies of the others lung lobes. Results Biopsy of the cranial aspect of the right caudal lung lobe was performed at ICS 9. Simulated biopsy of the accessory lung lobe was performed at ICS 9. Simulated lung biopsy of the right cranial and middle lung lobes was performed at ICS 7. The caudal and dorsal aspect of the right caudal lung lobe was not visualized by telescope at transdiaphragmatic approach, and biopsy was not performed. Conclusions Thoracoscopic transdiaphragmatic approach for lung lobes biopsies was a feasible technique, except for the caudal aspect of the right caudal lung lobe. An ideal intercostal port for biopsy of each right lung lobe was determined.(AU)

Susceptibility of targets to the vampire bat Desmodus rotundus are proportional to their abundance in Atlantic Forest fragments?

ABSTRACT Desmodus rotundus (É. Geoffroy, 1810) feeds preferably on mammal blood, including livestock animals, such as bovine cattle. In spite of using native preys in the wild, records of this feeding activity are scarce. In the present study, we investigated the foraging activity of D. rotundus based on video footage from camera traps in Atlantic Forest fragments in southern Goiás State, Brazil. Out of 23 mammal species recorded in the study area, four had interactions with Desmodus rotundus (Priodontes maximus, Tapirus terrestris, Mazama americana and Pecari tajacu). The records were obtained from early night to sunrise. There was a correlation between abundance of potential preys and the choice of the target by D. rotundus. Most of the bat-prey interaction occurred on the edge of fragments. The present study records for the first time the potential use of the collared peccary (P. tajacu) and the giant armadillo (P. maximus) in the diet of D. rotundus.

RESUMO Desmodus rotundus (É. Geoffroy, 1810) se alimenta preferencialmente de sangue de mamíferos, incluindo animais de criação como gado bovino. Apesar de utilizarem presas nativas na natureza os registros desta atividade alimentar são escassos. Neste estudo investigamos atividade de forrageio desta espécie baseado em filmagens de armadilhas fotográficas em fragmentos de Mata Atlântica no sul de Goiás. Das 23 espécies de mamíferos registradas na área de estudo, quatro possuíram interações com Desmodus rotundus (Priodontes maximus, Tapirus terrestris, Mazama americana e Pecari tajacu). Os registros foram obtidos desde o início da noite até o crepúsculo matutino. Houve correlação entre abundância de potenciais presas e a escolha do alvo por D. rotundus. A maior parte da interação morcego-presa ocorreu na borda dos fragmentos. Este trabalho registra pela primeira vez a potencial utilização de catetos (P. tajacu) e do tatu-canastra (P. maximus) na dieta de D. rotundus.

Susceptibility of targets to the vampire bat Desmodus rotundus are proportional to their abundance in Atlantic Forest fragments? / A suscetibilidade de alvos ao morcego-vampiro Desmodus rotundus é proporcional à sua abundância em fragmentos de Mata Atlântica?

Desmodus rotundus (É. Geoffroy, 1810) feeds preferably on mammal blood, including livestock animals, such as bovine cattle. In spite of using native preys in the wild, records of this feeding activity are scarce. In the present study, we investigated the foraging activity of D. rotundus based on video footage from camera traps in Atlantic Forest fragments in southern Goiás State, Brazil. Out of 23 mammal species recorded in the study area, four had interactions with Desmodus rotundus (Priodontes maximus, Tapirus terrestris, Mazama americana and Pecari tajacu). The records were obtained from early night to sunrise. There was a correlation between abundance of potential preys and the choice of the target by D. rotundus. Most of the bat-prey interaction occurred on the edge of fragments. The present study records for the first time the potential use of the collared peccary (P. tajacu) and the giant armadillo (P. maximus) in the diet of D. rotundus.(AU)

Desmodus rotundus (É. Geoffroy, 1810) se alimenta preferencialmente de sangue de mamíferos, incluindo animais de criação como gado bovino. Apesar de utilizarem presas nativas na natureza os registros desta atividade alimentar são escassos. Neste estudo investigamos atividade de forrageio desta espécie baseado em filmagens de armadilhas fotográficas em fragmentos de Mata Atlântica no sul de Goiás. Das 23 espécies de mamíferos registradas na área de estudo, quatro possuíram interações com Desmodus rotundus (Priodontes maximus, Tapirus terrestris, Mazama americana e Pecari tajacu). Os registros foram obtidos desde o início da noite até o crepúsculo matutino. Houve correlação entre abundância de potenciais presas e a escolha do alvo por D. rotundus. A maior parte da interação morcego-presa ocorreu na borda dos fragmentos. Este trabalho registra pela primeira vez a potencial utilização de catetos (P. tajacu) e do tatu-canastra (P. maximus) na dieta de D. rotundus.(AU)

Susceptibility of targets to the vampire bat Desmodus rotundus are proportional to their abundance in Atlantic Forest fragments? / A suscetibilidade de alvos ao morcego-vampiro Desmodus rotundus é proporcional à sua abundância em fragmentos de Mata Atlântica?

Desmodus rotundus (É. Geoffroy, 1810) feeds preferably on mammal blood, including livestock animals, such as bovine cattle. In spite of using native preys in the wild, records of this feeding activity are scarce. In the present study, we investigated the foraging activity of D. rotundus based on video footage from camera traps in Atlantic Forest fragments in southern Goiás State, Brazil. Out of 23 mammal species recorded in the study area, four had interactions with Desmodus rotundus (Priodontes maximus, Tapirus terrestris, Mazama americana and Pecari tajacu). The records were obtained from early night to sunrise. There was a correlation between abundance of potential preys and the choice of the target by D. rotundus. Most of the bat-prey interaction occurred on the edge of fragments. The present study records for the first time the potential use of the collared peccary (P. tajacu) and the giant armadillo (P. maximus) in the diet of D. rotundus.

Desmodus rotundus (É. Geoffroy, 1810) se alimenta preferencialmente de sangue de mamíferos, incluindo animais de criação como gado bovino. Apesar de utilizarem presas nativas na natureza os registros desta atividade alimentar são escassos. Neste estudo investigamos atividade de forrageio desta espécie baseado em filmagens de armadilhas fotográficas em fragmentos de Mata Atlântica no sul de Goiás. Das 23 espécies de mamíferos registradas na área de estudo, quatro possuíram interações com Desmodus rotundus (Priodontes maximus, Tapirus terrestris, Mazama americana e Pecari tajacu). Os registros foram obtidos desde o início da noite até o crepúsculo matutino. Houve correlação entre abundância de potenciais presas e a escolha do alvo por D. rotundus. A maior parte da interação morcego-presa ocorreu na borda dos fragmentos. Este trabalho registra pela primeira vez a potencial utilização de catetos (P. tajacu) e do tatu-canastra (P. maximus) na dieta de D. rotundus.

Description and executability of a novel pre-tied mini ligature (miniloop) in laparocopic ovariectomy in cats

Background: Ovariectomy(OVE) and ovariohysterectomy (OVH) are the most performed surgical procedures in Veterinary Medicine. In videosurgery, both in stray animals at sterilization campaigns and in the increasing demand of tutors to perform the technique. Laparoscopy results in reduced tissue damage, due to minimal organ manipulation and surgical access hemostasis can be performed by several methods, such as electro-coagulation, clips, and intra and extracorporeal ligatures. A pre-tied ligature system, or endoloop, is a haemostatic technique comprised of a slipknot and knot pusher, which is inserted into the abdominal cavity through one of the laparoscopic ports. The aim of this study was to describe a novel OVE technique in cats, in which haemostasis was performed using miniloop, aimed at reducing the number of ports needed for knot tying.Material, Methods & Results: Ten healthy not spayed female cats, aged 6 months to 5 years, were selected for this study. They were submitted to an OVE using miniloop as haemostasis method. Access to the peritoneal cavity was through two 5 mm ports on the midline of the ventral abdomen, 5 cm apart, with one immediately caudal to the umbilical scar and the other in between the last pair of teats. The first trocar was inserted at the caudal incision using the Hasson technique and a 5 mm zero-degree optics attached to a camera was introduced through it. The placement of the second access port was video assisted. For ovary exposure, the patients were positioned in lateral recumbency on the contralateral side to the ovary being removed. The miniloop was composed of a 2 mm diameter minitrocar, a 1.8 mm knot pusher, and a pre-tied slipknot. It was introduced percutaneously at the lateral abdominal wall. It was inserted attached to a pre-tied loop ligature.[...]

Description and executability of a novel pre-tied mini ligature (miniloop) in laparocopic ovariectomy in cats

Background: Ovariectomy(OVE) and ovariohysterectomy (OVH) are the most performed surgical procedures in Veterinary Medicine. In videosurgery, both in stray animals at sterilization campaigns and in the increasing demand of tutors to perform the technique. Laparoscopy results in reduced tissue damage, due to minimal organ manipulation and surgical access hemostasis can be performed by several methods, such as electro-coagulation, clips, and intra and extracorporeal ligatures. A pre-tied ligature system, or endoloop, is a haemostatic technique comprised of a slipknot and knot pusher, which is inserted into the abdominal cavity through one of the laparoscopic ports. The aim of this study was to describe a novel OVE technique in cats, in which haemostasis was performed using miniloop, aimed at reducing the number of ports needed for knot tying.Material, Methods & Results: Ten healthy not spayed female cats, aged 6 months to 5 years, were selected for this study. They were submitted to an OVE using miniloop as haemostasis method. Access to the peritoneal cavity was through two 5 mm ports on the midline of the ventral abdomen, 5 cm apart, with one immediately caudal to the umbilical scar and the other in between the last pair of teats. The first trocar was inserted at the caudal incision using the Hasson technique and a 5 mm zero-degree optics attached to a camera was introduced through it. The placement of the second access port was video assisted. For ovary exposure, the patients were positioned in lateral recumbency on the contralateral side to the ovary being removed. The miniloop was composed of a 2 mm diameter minitrocar, a 1.8 mm knot pusher, and a pre-tied slipknot. It was introduced percutaneously at the lateral abdominal wall. It was inserted attached to a pre-tied loop ligature.[...](AU)

A novel method to obtain accurate length estimates of carnivorous reef fishes from a single video camera

In the last years, technological advances enhanced the utilization of baited underwater video (BUV) to monitor the diversity, abundance, and size composition of fish assemblages. However, attempts to use static single-camera devices to estimate fish length were limited due to high errors, originated from the variable distance between the fishes and the reference scale included in the scene. In this work, we present a novel simple method to obtain accurate length estimates of carnivorous fishes by using a single downward-facing camera baited video station. The distinctive feature is the inclusion of a mirrored surface at the base of the stand that allows for correcting the apparent or "naive" length of the fish by the distance between the fish and the reference scale. We describe the calibration procedure and compare the performance (accuracy and precision) of this new technique with that of other single static camera methods. Overall, estimates were highly accurate (mean relative error = -0.6%) and precise (mean coefficient of variation = 3.3%), even in the range of those obtained with stereo-video methods.(AU)

En los últimos años, los avances tecnológicos permitieron intensificar el uso de estaciones de video fijas para estudiar la abundancia, composición de especies y estructura de tamaños de los ensambles ícticos. Sin embargo, la utilización de una única cámara estática para estimar el tamaño de los peces puede conducir a determinaciones poco exactas, provocadas por la distancia variable entre los peces y la escala de referencia incluida en la escena. En este trabajo presentamos un método novedoso para obtener estimaciones exactas del largo de peces carnívoros, que utiliza una estación de video fija con una única cámara orientada verticalmente. La característica que distingue a este sistema es la inclusión de una superficie espejada en la base del soporte de la cámara que permite corregir la longitud aparente o "naive" en función de la distancia entre los peces y la escala de referencia. En este trabajo describimos el procedimiento de calibración y comparamos el rendimiento de esta técnica (exactitud y precisión) con la de otros métodos que utilizan una única cámara estática. Las estimaciones obtenidas fueron exactas (error relativo promedio = -0,6%) y precisas (coeficiente de variación promedio = 3,3%), en el rango de valores obtenidos con estéreo-video.(AU)

Utilização de picossulfato de sódio e citrato de magnésio associado a dieta pobre em resíduos no preparo do intestino grosso para a avaliação por videoendoscopia flexível em cães adultos / Use of sodium picosulfate and magnesium citrate associated with low residue diet to prepare the large bowel for colonoscopy using flexible video-endoscope in adult dogs / Utilización de picosulfato de sodio y citrato de maqnésio y una dieta pobre en residuos en la preparación del intestino grueso para la evaluación por video-endoscopia flexible en perros adultos

A colonoscopia é uma técnica de endoscopia do reto, do intestino grosso e muitas vezes de final do intestino delgado. É realizada com um endoscópio flexível, que possui na extremidade uma microcâmera digital. Objetivou-se avaliar o protocolo de preparo de evacuação e limpeza do cólon com a utilização de picossulfato de sódio e citrato de magnésio e dieta pobre em resíduos em dez exemplares de cães domésticos. Descrevem-se as técnicas de preparo encontradas na literatura, nas quais se indica o uso de enema com água morna para possibilitar a avaliação em procedimentos de retossigmoidoscopia. Vale salientar que tal técnica é questionada rotineiramente pelos tutores dos animais. O protocolo proposto mostrou-se plenamente eficaz e de fácil administração em cães adultos.(AU)

Colonoscopy is used to evaluate the rectum, colon and, in selected cases, the small intestine. The procedure is performed with flexible endoscope with a microdigital camera at the end. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of sodium picosulfate and magnesium citrate and a low residue diet as a protocol of evacuation and cleaning of the colon in preparation for colonoscopy. In literature review we have found that warm water enemas is the most frequently recommended technique to prepare the large bowel for proctosigmoidoscopy procedures. In our experience, warm water enemas are frequently opposed by clients, prompting us to search for an alternative method. In the ten adult dogs tested, the use of sodium picosulfate and magnesium citrate and low residue diet was easy to administer and adequately prepared the intestine for the procedure.(AU)

La colonoscopia es una técnica de endoscopia que permite el estudio del recto, del intestino grueso y muchas veces del final del intestino delgado. Se realiza con un endoscopio flexible que posee una microcámara digital en un extremo. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo analizar el protocolo de limpieza del colon con picosulfato de sodio y citrato de magnesio y una dieta pobre en residuos en diez perros. Son descriptas las técnicas de preparación encontradas en la literatura, en las que se indica el uso de enemas de agua tibia en procedimientos de rectosigmoidoscopia. Cabe destacar que en pequenos animales esa técnica suele ser cuestionada por los tutores para la preparación del colon. El protocolo sugerido se mostró plenamente eficiente y de fácil administración en perros adultos.(AU)

Utilização de picossulfato de sódio e citrato de magnésio associado a dieta pobre em resíduos no preparo do intestino grosso para a avaliação por videoendoscopia flexível em cães adultos / Use of sodium picosulfate and magnesium citrate associated with low residue diet to prepare the large bowel for colonoscopy using flexible video-endoscope in adult dogs / Utilización de picosulfato de sodio y citrato de maqnésio y una dieta pobre en residuos en la preparación del intestino grueso para la evaluación por video-endoscopia flexible en perros adultos

A colonoscopia é uma técnica de endoscopia do reto, do intestino grosso e muitas vezes de final do intestino delgado. É realizada com um endoscópio flexível, que possui na extremidade uma microcâmera digital. Objetivou-se avaliar o protocolo de preparo de evacuação e limpeza do cólon com a utilização de picossulfato de sódio e citrato de magnésio e dieta pobre em resíduos em dez exemplares de cães domésticos. Descrevem-se as técnicas de preparo encontradas na literatura, nas quais se indica o uso de enema com água morna para possibilitar a avaliação em procedimentos de retossigmoidoscopia. Vale salientar que tal técnica é questionada rotineiramente pelos tutores dos animais. O protocolo proposto mostrou-se plenamente eficaz e de fácil administração em cães adultos.

Colonoscopy is used to evaluate the rectum, colon and, in selected cases, the small intestine. The procedure is performed with flexible endoscope with a microdigital camera at the end. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of sodium picosulfate and magnesium citrate and a low residue diet as a protocol of evacuation and cleaning of the colon in preparation for colonoscopy. In literature review we have found that warm water enemas is the most frequently recommended technique to prepare the large bowel for proctosigmoidoscopy procedures. In our experience, warm water enemas are frequently opposed by clients, prompting us to search for an alternative method. In the ten adult dogs tested, the use of sodium picosulfate and magnesium citrate and low residue diet was easy to administer and adequately prepared the intestine for the procedure.

La colonoscopia es una técnica de endoscopia que permite el estudio del recto, del intestino grueso y muchas veces del final del intestino delgado. Se realiza con un endoscopio flexible que posee una microcámara digital en un extremo. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo analizar el protocolo de limpieza del colon con picosulfato de sodio y citrato de magnesio y una dieta pobre en residuos en diez perros. Son descriptas las técnicas de preparación encontradas en la literatura, en las que se indica el uso de enemas de agua tibia en procedimientos de rectosigmoidoscopia. Cabe destacar que en pequenos animales esa técnica suele ser cuestionada por los tutores para la preparación del colon. El protocolo sugerido se mostró plenamente eficiente y de fácil administración en perros adultos.

COMPORTAMENTO DE LEITÕES NA FASE DE CRECHE COM ENRIQUECIMENTO AMBIENTAL

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito do enriquecimento ambiental sobre o comportamento de leitões na fase de creche, em diferentes estações do ano. O experimento foi desenvolvido em uma granja comercial na cidade de Dois Vizinhos, Paraná, em duas etapas, sendo período de verão (de 11 de fevereiro a 11 de março de 2017) e período de inverno (10 de junho a 8 de julho de 2017). Foram utilizados 900 leitões na fase pós-desmame (21 dias de idade), sendo 450 no verão e 450 no inverno, com peso de aproximadamente 6 kg, híbridos, fêmeas e machos não castrados. Os tratamentos foram divididos da seguinte maneira: tratamento SEA: baia sem enriquecimento ambiental (controle); tratamento EAC: enriquecimento ambiental contínuo, com bola de borracha, durante todo o período experimental e tratamento EAI: enriquecimento ambiental intermitente com bola de borracha, durante todo período experimental. Neste tratamento, as bolas eram retiradas diariamente para lavagem. Foram selecionados aleatoriamente 10 animais por baia para avaliação comportamental, realizadas uma vez por semana, das 8 às 18 horas, por meio de imagens capturadas com auxílio de câmera de vídeo. As variáveis temperatura e umidade relativa do ar foram registradas diariamente por meio de termohigrômetros. No que se refere à análise estatística realizaram-se análises de variância pelo procedimento GLM e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey ao nível de significância de 5%. No verão e inverno, os valores ideais de temperatura para a fase de creche não foram atendidos. Com relação à avaliação comportamental nos dois períodos, os leitões interagiram mais com as bolas de borracha que eram retiradas das baias, lavadas e devolvidas diariamente (tratamento EAI), bem como se registrou o maior número de acessos às bolas neste tratamento, comparado ao EAC. No verão, os comportamentos lúdico, deitado e ato de fuçar a barriga foram influenciados significativamente pelos tratamentos. Os leitões do tratamento EAI, apresentaram maior frequência do comportamento lúdico. Os animais mantidos sem enriquecimento ambiental passaram mais tempo deitados em relação aos dos tratamentos com enriquecimento ambiental contínuo e intermitente. Os animais submetidos aos tratamentos com enriquecimento ambiental realizaram menos o comportamento ato de fuçar a barriga, comparado àqueles do tratamento sem enriquecimento ambiental. No inverno, os tratamentos influenciaram significativamente os comportamentos comendo e lúdico. No que se refere ao comportamento comendo, os animais do tratamento EAI ingeriram menos alimento comparado aos demais. Com relação ao comportamento lúdico, foi observada maior frequência pelos leitões do tratamento EAC. Estes resultados indicam que no período de verão o enriquecimento ambiental estimulou o comportamento ativo dos leitões e foi eficiente em reduzir o comportamento ato de fuçar a barriga. Já no inverno, os comportamentos naturais não foram estimulados e não houve redução de estereotipias.

The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of environmental enrichment on piglet behavior during the nursery phase, during different seasons of the year. The experiment was carried out on a commercial farm in the city of Dois Vizinhos, Paraná, in two stages, summer (from February 11th to March 11th, 2017) and winter (June 10th to July 8th, 2017). A total of 900 piglets in the post-weaning phase were used (21 days of age), 450 in the summer and 450 in the winter, weighing approximately 6 kg, hybrids, both females and uncastrated males. The treatments were divided as follows: NEE treatment: no environmental enrichment in the stalls (control); IEE treatment: intermittent environmental enrichment with a rubber ball, during the entire experimental period, and IEE treatment: intermittent environmental enrichment with a rubber ball, during the entire experimental period. During the latter treatment, the balls were removed daily for washing. Ten animals per stall were randomly selected for behavioral evaluations, performed once a week, from 8 AM to 6 PM, using images captured with a video camera. The variables temperature and relative air humidity were recorded daily by means of thermohygrometers. Regarding statistical analyses, analyses of variance were performed using the GLM procedure and the means were compared by Tukeys test at a significance level of 5%. During summer and winter, ideal temperature values for the nursery phase were not met. Regarding the behavioral evaluations during both periods, the piglets interacted more frequently with the rubber balls that were removed from the stalls, washed and returned daily (IEE treatment), and displayed the highest number of ball accesses during this treatment compared to the CEE. In the summer, playful, lying and belly nosing behaviors were significantly influenced by the treatments. Piglets that underwent the IEE treatment presented a higher frequency of playful behavior. The animals maintained without environmental enrichment spent more time lying down than those that underwent the continuous and intermittent environmental enrichment treatments. The animals submitted to the treatments with environmental enrichment performed less belly nosing behavior compared to those without environmental enrichment. During winter, the treatments significantly influenced eating and playful behaviors. Regarding eating behavior, the animals that underwent the IEE treatment ate less food compared to the others. Regarding playful behavior, a higher frequency of playfulness was observed for the piglets that underwent the CEE treatment. These results indicate that the environmental enrichment during summer stimulated the active behavior of the piglets and was efficient in reducing belly nosing behavior. During winter, natural behaviors were not stimulated and there was no decrease of stereotypies.

Ocitocina sérica e comportamento afetivo de cães na interação com crianças e adultos

A ocitocina tem sido usada como parâmetro para medir os laços sociais em animais. Recentemente foi demonstrado que a concentração de ocitocina aumenta em cães e donos quando interagem positivamente e, possivelmente, que na interação com crianças e adultos, cães fêmeas são mais afetivas do que os cães machos. Objetivo: determinar se existe diferença nos níveis séricos de ocitocina e no comportamento afetivo de cães machos e fêmeas, quando interagem com crianças e adultos. Método: foi realizado um estudo experimental, com 6 machos e 6 fêmeas da raça Beagle, pertencentes ao Laboratório de Ensino de Zootecnia (LEZO) da Faculdade de Agronomia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Antes da interação foi colhido sangue para determinação da ocitocina basal dos cães. O teste foi filmado durante 3 minutos para posterior análise dos comportamentos caninos, enquanto os animais estiveram em contato com uma menina, fechados em uma sala, um após o outro, intercalando machos e fêmeas, sucessivamente. Retirados do local, voltaram as suas baias, e após 10 minutos foi feita nova coleta de sangue. Para determinação dos valores de ocitocina séricos será utilizado o Oxytocin ELISA kit ADI-900-153A-0001 da Assay Designs. As dosagens séricas de ocitocina serão testadas para normalidade e igualdade de variância e, se de distribuição normal, avaliadas pelo teste t de Student. As interações entre cachorros e participantes foram registradas ao longo de180 segundos por uma câmera de vídeo colocada no centro do teto da sala de teste. A partir de um etograma previamente determinado foi feita uma análise das gravações. Latência, frequência e duração total dos comportamentos foram medidas, utilizando um sistema de medição baseado no tempo. Resultados: após análise, entre os 15 comportamentos, apenas a latência para intenção de contato e comportamento de fuga foram significativamente diferentes entre machos e fêmeas, p de 0,03 e 0,003, respectivamente. Todos os demais não demonstraram diferenças estatísticas significativas. Segundo a análise subjetiva dos pesquisadores, fêmeas se mostraram mais dóceis com crianças do que machos. Os ensaios para ocitocina sérica não puderam ser realizados. Conclusão: Análise do comportamento demonstrou que em dois parâmetros as fêmeas tiveram interação mais prazerosa com a criança. Após a dosagem da ocitocina, esta conclusão poderá ser corroborada.

Oxytocin has been used to measure social bonds in animals. Recently it has been shown that oxytocin concentration increases in dogs and owners when interacting positively. It is expected that during interaction with children and adults, female dogs are more affective than male dogs, resulting and the augmentation of serum oxytocin levels. Objective: To determine if there is a difference in serum oxytocin levels and affiliative behavior in male and female dogs when interacting with children and adults. Methods: an experimental study was done, with 12 Beagles, 6 males and 6 females, belonging to the Laboratory of Animal Education (LEZO) of the Faculty of Agronomy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Prior to the interaction, blood was collected for determination of basal oxytocin in dogs. The test was filmed for 3 minutes for further analysis of canine behavior, while the animals were in contact with a girl, closed in a room, one after the other, intercalating males and females, successively. After this period, they returned their stalls, and 10 minutes later, the blood was drawned again. For determination of serum oxytocin values the Oxytocin ELISA kit ADI-900- 153A-0001 from Assay Designs will be used. Serum oxytocin dosages will be tested for normality and equality of variance and, if normal distributed, evaluated by the Student t test. Interactions between dogs and participants were recorded over 180 seconds by a video camera placed in the center of the test room ceiling. From an ethogram previously determined by the researchers, an analysis of the recordings was made. Latency, frequency and total duration of behaviors were measured using a timebased measurement system. Results: after 15 behaviors analyses, only latency for intention of contact (p=0.03) and escape behavior (p=0.003) were significantly different between males and females. Other behaviors did not show significant statistical differences. According to the researchers' subjective analysis, females were more docile with children than males. Serum oxytocin assays could not be performed. Conclusion: Behavioral analysis showed that in two parameters females had a more pleasant interaction with the child. After the dosage of oxytocin, this conclusion can be corroborated

Estudos da distribuição e recorrência do Helicobacter spp. na mucosa gástrica de cães após terapia tríplice / Studies of distribution and recurrence of Helicobacter spp. gastric mucosa of dogs after triple therapy

To analyze the triple antimicrobial therapy in positive Helicobacter spp. dogs and to investigate recurrence. METHODS: A total of 20 dogs underwent endoscopy followed by gastric biopsy using the rapid urease test and histopathology stained with Giemsa. Ten animals were treated with triple therapy recommended for humans and divided into control and experimental group. The control group was kept in isolation while the experimental group was placed in contact with positive animals during 60 days. RESULTS: The prevalence of infection in animals in this experiment was 100 percent, and more frequent in the fundus and the gastric body. Therapy for 7 days using clarithromycin, amoxicillin and lansoprazole was effective in 100 percent of the animals. Recurrence of the infection in 80 percent of dogs in the experimental group, while the control group remained eradicated after 60 days. CONCLUSION: Crowded environments associated with close contact with dogs infected with helicobacter are a determinant for transmission of Helicobacter spp. between canines.(AU)

Avaliar a eficácia da terapia tríplice em cães naturalmente infectados pelo Helicobacter spp. e investigar a recorrência da infecção pelo contato com animais infectados. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 20 cães, submetidos à endoscopia digestiva alta seguida de biopsia gástrica usando teste rápido da urease e histopatologia corada pelo Giemsa. Dez animais foram tratados com terapia tríplice preconizada para humanos e divididos em grupo controle e experimental. O grupo controle foi mantido em isolamento enquanto que o grupo experimento foi colocado em contato com os animais positivos durante 60 dias. RESULTADOS: A prevalência da infecção nos animais deste experimento foi de 100 por cento, e mais frequente no fundo e corpo gástrico. A terapia durante 7 dias empregando claritromicina, amoxicilina e lansoprazol foi eficaz em 100 por cento dos animais. Houve recorrência da infecção em 80 por cento dos cães do grupo experimental, enquanto que o grupo controle manteve-se erradicado após 60 dias. CONCLUSÃO: Ambientes aglomerados associado a íntimo contato com cães infectados por helicobactérias é fator determinante para transmissão do Helicobacter spp. entre caninos.(AU)

Feeding and social behavior of the piabanha, Brycon devillei (Castelnau, 1855) (Characidae: Bryconinae) in the wild, with a note on following behavior

Knowledge concerning the behavior of wild freshwater fishes in Brazil is restricted to a few studies, despite such studies being able to answer fundamental questions about conservation. Species of Brycon are amongst the most threatened in the Neotropics, particularly in southeast Brazil, due to anthropogenic activities in this region. This study investigated the feeding and social behaviors of the endangered fish, Brycon devillei in the Preto River, Jequitinhonha basin, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Behavioral data were collected by snorkeling with four spatially separated groups (habituated), and direct observations of shoals were made using an underwater video camera (a total of 448 hours of observations). This species showed diverse tactics to obtain food. However, the species proved to be predominately a specialist surface-picker, which adopted alternative tactics to find food at certain times of the year, most notably when food items on the water surface became low. Feeding frequency was shown to be negatively correlated to agonistic behavior between conspecifics. Feeding associations were also recorded between the anostomid Leporinus garmani, acting as a nuclear species, and B. devillei, as follower species. The data presented here showed the importance of conserving the riparian environment to protect B. devillei populations. Furthermore, the present study included rare observations of nuclear-follower feeding association among freshwater fishes, especially between medium-sized characiforms, being the first observations of such kind in a Cerrado stream.(AU)

O conhecimento do comportamento de vida livre em peixes de água doce brasileiros é restrito a poucos estudos e pode responder a questões fundamentais de conservação. Espécies do gênero Brycon estão entre as mais ameaçadas na região neotropical, especialmente no sudeste brasileiro, em vista de diversos impactos antrópicos. O presente estudo investigou os comportamentos alimentar e social de Brycon devillei no rio Preto, bacia do Jequitinhonha, Brasil. Para tanto, utilizou-se seções de mergulhos livres para observação direta de quatro grupos habituados de B. devillei, com o auxílio de câmeras filmadoras subaquáticas. Tal espécie apresentou variadas táticas para obtenção de alimento. Entretanto, a espécie demonstrou ser um forrageador de superfície especializado que, em determinados períodos do ano, quando provavelmente a lâmina d'água torna-se uma fonte escassa de recursos, adota táticas alternativas em busca de alimentos. A frequência de forrageamento demonstrou ser negativamente correlacionada com os comportamentos agonísticos. Foram observadas associações alimentares interespecíficas envolvendo o timburé, Leporinus garmani, como espécie nuclear, e a piabanha, Brycon devillei, como sua seguidora. Os dados apresentados no presente estudo demonstram a importância de se conservar o ambiente ripário em prol da proteção das populações de B. devillei. Além disso, o presente estudo é um dos raros registros de associação alimentar do tipo nuclear-seguidor entre peixes de água doce, especialmente entre espécies de médio porte, e o primeiro deste tipo para riachos de Cerrado.(AU)

REGULAÇÃO MICROAMBIENTAL DE CÉLULAS EPITELIAIS LÍMBICAS CORNEAIS DE COELHO EXPANDIDAS SOBRE MEMBRANA AMNIÓTICA HUMANA DESEPITELIZADA: ÊNFASE PARA A ORGANIZAÇÃO SUPRAMOLECULAR DOS MAIORES BIOPOLÍMEROS EXTRACELULARES

Por objetivos, estudaram-se procedimentos em cultivo celular e se eles alteram a supraorganização da matriz extracelular (MEC) amniótica e da límbica, considerando-se propriedades anisotrópicas dos biopolímeros em comum, isto é, colágenos fibrilares e proteoglicanos. Explantes límbicos de coelhos foram cultivados sobre fragmentos de membrana amniótica (MA) desepitelizada humana, por dois, sete e 15 dias. Fragmentos não cultivados de MA e de limbo foram usados como controles. Avaliaram-se parâmetros de birrefringência em fibras colágenas e de absorção e de dicroísmo linear (LD) em proteoglicanos, da MEC amniótica e da límbica. Todas as análises foram conduzidas em microscópio óptico munido de luz polarizada, filtros monocromadores com diferentes comprimentos de onda e vídeo-câmera. Empregaram-se procedimentos em análise digital de imagens (software Image J®, NIH, USA). Parâmetros de birrefringência revelaram que os graus de paralelismo das fibras colágenas amnióticas foram de 1,02 nos controles, 1,17 nas amostras cultivadas por dois dias, 1,26 nas amostras cultivadas por sete dias e de 1,17 nas amostras cultivadas por 15 dias. Relativamente às fibras límbicas, foram de 1,33, 1,17, 1,25 e 1,44. Os contrastes dos brilhos das birrefringências das fibras amnióticas foram de 2,0 nos controles, 13,25 nas amostras cultivadas por dois dias, 19,26 nas amostras cultivadas por sete dias e de 13,23 nas amostras cultivadas por 15 dias. Relativamente às fibras límbicas, foram de 23,01, 13,39, 19,90 e 30,31. Cores de interferência causadas por dispersão anômala de birrefringência foram detectadas. Procedimentos em cultivo celular alteraram parâmetros absorciométricos relacionados à supraorganização dos proteoglicanos da MEC amniótica e da límbica. As MAs de todas as amostras, exceto as cultivadas por 15 dias, apresentaram-se com valores negativos de DL. Os valores de DL dos limbos de todas as amostras, exceto as cultivadas por dois dias, oscilaram entre números negativos e positivos.

The goal of this study was to evaluate whether procedures on cell culture alter the supraorganization of amniotic and limbal extracellular matrix (ECM). Anisotropic properties of fibrillar collagen and proteoglycans were studied, since they correspond to major extracellular biopolymers. Rabbit limbal explants were cultured on denuded human amniotic membrane (AM) for two, seven, and 15 days. Uncultured AM and limbus were used as controls. Birefringence parameters related to the supraorganization of collagen fibers, and spectral absorption and linear dichroism (LD) related to the supraorganization of proteoglycans were evaluated. All samples were evaluated on microscope equipped with polarized light, monochromatic filters with varying wavelengths, and digital video camera. Birefringence, absorbances and LD were quantified by using image analyses software (Image J®, NIH, USA). Studies on birefringence showed that parallelism degrees of amniotic collagen fibers were of 1.02 for the control group, 1.17 for the two days culture, 1.26 for the seven days culture, and 1.17 for the 15 days culture. In relation to limbal collagen fibers, parallelism degrees were of 1.33, 1.17, 1.25, and 1.44. Birefringence brightness contrasts of amniotic collagen fibers were of 2.0 for the control group, 13.25 for the two days culture, 19.26 for the seven days culture, and 13.23 for the 15 days culture. In relation to limbal collagen fibers, birefringence brightnesses were of 23.01, 13.39, 19.90, and 30.31. Interference colors due to anomalous birefringence dispersion were observed. Procedures on cell culture induced alterations in absorbance values related to proteoglycans from amniotic and limbal ECM. In all samples, except on those cultured for 15 days, the amniotic ECM showed negative DL values. The DL of limbal ECM varied between negative and positive values for all, except on two days culture.

Do broilers prefer to eat from a certain type of feeder?

This study compared three types of feeders for broilers: Fênix, Tube and Automatic feeders. Bird's feeding behavior and preference were considered in this the evaluation. Preference was assessed by examining birds' behavioral activities, such as eating, standing and lying around the equipments, and meal duration as function of the environmental variables. Data on the behavioral activities and meal size were collected in a broiler commercial farm using a portable video camera, and the direct footages were analyzed. The time spent in each activity, feeding bout duration and time spent near the trough were statistically analyzed using the test of means and medians. Pearson's correlation test was used to evaluate the relationship between ambient environmental data and the time of feeding. A prospective scenario was established and data were pair wised compared to it. There were interactions between environmental characteristics and feeding and lying down activities during the experiment. Eating behavior was more frequent in the area around the Tube feeder. The duration of feeding time was higher when the birds used the Tube feeder (214 ± 28s), followed by the use of the Fênix feeder (123 ± 17s) and the Automatic feeder (77 ± 29s). Birds preferred eating from the Tube feeder probably due to the absence of the partition grid above the feeder plate.

Do broilers prefer to eat from a certain type of feeder?

This study compared three types of feeders for broilers: Fênix, Tube and Automatic feeders. Bird's feeding behavior and preference were considered in this the evaluation. Preference was assessed by examining birds' behavioral activities, such as eating, standing and lying around the equipments, and meal duration as function of the environmental variables. Data on the behavioral activities and meal size were collected in a broiler commercial farm using a portable video camera, and the direct footages were analyzed. The time spent in each activity, feeding bout duration and time spent near the trough were statistically analyzed using the test of means and medians. Pearson's correlation test was used to evaluate the relationship between ambient environmental data and the time of feeding. A prospective scenario was established and data were pair wised compared to it. There were interactions between environmental characteristics and feeding and lying down activities during the experiment. Eating behavior was more frequent in the area around the Tube feeder. The duration of feeding time was higher when the birds used the Tube feeder (214 ± 28s), followed by the use of the Fênix feeder (123 ± 17s) and the Automatic feeder (77 ± 29s). Birds preferred eating from the Tube feeder probably due to the absence of the partition grid above the feeder plate.

Utilização de endoscopia dinâmica no diagnóstico de instabilidade palatal em cavalo de corrida Puro Sangue Inglês: relato de caso / Utilization of dinamic endoscopy in the diagnosis of the palatal instability in a racehorse thoroughbred - case report / Utilización de la endoscopia dinamica en el diagnóstico de la inestabilidad del paladar en un caballo de carreras puro sangre ingles - reporte de un caso

O sistema respiratório do cavalo é responsável por satisfazer as elevadas necessidades de oxigênio (02)das células musculares durante a atividade esportiva. Durante o exercício a trote e ao passo ocorre um aumento da ventilação devido à elevação mais marcada da frequência respiratória. No galope a ventilação sofre um acréscimo principalmente por aumento do volume corrente. O cavalo é um respirador nasal obrigatório, já que o palato mole está firmemente oposto à base da laringe. A disfunção palatal inclui duas síndromes, instabilidade palatal (IP) e deslocamento dorsal do palato mole (DDPM). A Instabilidade Palatal causa um movimento "ondulante" do palato rostral e caudal sem deslocamento efetivo da borda caudal do palato mole dorsal para a epiglote, provocando obstrução nasofaríngea inspiratória e ruído respiratório. Atualmente equinos atletas podem ser avaliados sob condições naturais, graças à disponibilidade de videoendoscopia em exercício ou videoendoscopia dinâmica. O presente relato descreve o caso de um equino Puro Sangue Inglês, que foi encaminhado por apresentar histórico de intolerância ao exercício e diminuição do desempenho na corrida. Optou-se por realizar o exame de endoscopia dinâmica como ferramenta diagnóstica,verificando-se IP com obstrução de toda rima glottis e cartilagens aritenoides durante o galope. Técnicas de imagem são de grande importância no diagnóstico para detecção de afecções relacionadas às vias aéreas anteriores de equinos.

The horse breathing system is responsible for feed its high necessity of oxygen (02) over the muscle cellsduring a sportive activity. During the exercise for trot and footstep there is an increase of ventilation due to its breathing frequency lifting. On lope, the raise on ventilation occurs mainly because of the increase in tidal volume. The horse is anobligatory nasal breather since the soft palate is firmly opposed to the base of the larynx. The palate dysfunction includes syndromes, palatal instability (PI) and dorsal displacement of soft palate (DDSP). The palate instability causes a "rippling"motion of rostral and caudal palate without an effective displacement of caudal edge of soft dorsal palate to epiglottis, causing inspiratory nasopharyngeal obstruction and breathing noise. Currently equine athletes can be evaluated undernatural conditions due to the availability of videoendoscopy in exercise or a dynamic endoscopy. The report describesthe case of an English Thorough bred horse which was sent to Veterinary Clinic Equine Center by presenting a history of exerci se intolerance and decreased on performance on racing. It was decided to use the dynamic videoendoscopyexam as a diagnostic tool finding palatal instability with obstruction of the entire glottis rhyme and arytenoid cartilages during the gallop. Therefore, video exam techniques are of great importance in the diagnosis for the detection of diseasesrelated to higher breathing system of horses.

El sistema respiratorio del caballo se encarga de satisfacer Ias necesidades de alta de oxígeno (02) de Ias células dei músculo durante Ia actividad deportiva. Durante el ejercicio dei trote ocurre un aumento de Ia ventilación debido a una elevación más marcada de Ia frecuencia respiratoria. En el galope Ia ventilación sufre un incremento,principalmente por el aumento dei volumen corriente. EI caballo es un respirador nasal obligatorio, ya que el paladar blando se opone firmemente a Ia base de Ia laringe. La disfunción dei paladar incluye dos síndromes, inestabilidad del paladar (IP) y el desplazamiento dorsal dei paladar blando (DDPB). La inestabilidad del paladar provoca un movimientode "balanceo" dei paladar rostral y caudal sin desplazamiento efectivo dei borde caudal dei paladar blando dorsal a Iaepiglotis, que causa obstrucción de Ia nasofaringe y el ruido respiratorio. Actualmente atletas equinos pueden sereval uados en condiciones naturales, gracias a Ia disponibilidad de Ia endoscopia en ejercicio dinámica o videoendoscopia. Este informe describe el caso de un caballo puro sangre inglés, que fue remitido a Ia Clínica Veterinaria Equine Center presentando intolerancia histórica a Ia actividad física y una disminución del rendimiento en Ias carreras. Se ha eligido el examen de endoscopia dinámica como una herramienta de diagnóstico, encontrando IP con obstrucciónde toda rima glotis y cartílagos aritenoides durante el galope. Se concluye que Ias técnicas de imagen son de gran importancia en el diagnóstico para Ia detección de enfermedades relacionadas con el sistema superior respirtatório delos caballos.