Gota úrica visceral em pato-do-mato (Cairina moschata) / Visceral uric gout in muscovy duck (Cairina moschata)

Background: Gout, a metabolic disease affecting multiple species, is frequent in birds which are uricotelic animals. It is primarily caused by hyperuricemia originating from birds' renal disorders with subsequent deposition of urate crystals into tissue. The location of the crystals determines the type of disease. Joint disease occurs with deposition inside and around joints, joint capsules, and tandine hems, while visceral disease occurs when the serous surface of visceral organs (mainly pericardium, liver, kidneys, air sacs, peritoneum, and spleen) are affected. This report describes a case of visceral uric gout in a Muscovy duck, which is rare. Case: An adult, male, Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata), kept under human care in a zoo, was referred to a veterinary clinic. The animal presented suddenly with prostration, ataxia, and anorexia, and died the following day. The body was sent to the Pathology Sector of Ritter dos Reis University Center (UniRitter) for a necropsy. During the necropsy, it was observed that white membranes, presenting a "chalk dust" appearance, were deposited under the serous layer of organs including the liver, kidneys, and pericardium. Following the necropsy and macroscopic evaluations, fragments of multiple organs were fixed in 10% formalin and processed routinely with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining for histopathological evaluation in an analysis laboratory in Porto Alegre city. A deposition of amorphous eosinophilic material was identified in the intestine, liver (serous), kidneys, lungs, and heart (epicardium) with findings of serositis, nephritis, and fibrinous epicarditis. The liver parenchyma and lungs had areas of congestion. There was both moderate and intense hepatocellular degeneration as well as degeneration in the renal tubular cells. These macro and microscopic changes were compatible with urate crystal deposition which represents visceral uric gout. Discussion: As opposed to free-living birds, birds in captivity have easy access to food and are sedentary. These factors, together with inadequate food management, make nutritional disorders the main predisposing cause of uric gout in these animals. Since it was not possible to determine the causative factors of this individual animal's disease due to the absence of examinations while alive, a nutritional origin of this animal's demise was considered. According to prior reports, an important cause of avian disease can be attributed directly or indirectly to kidney dysfunction. In addition to a deposition of amorphous material in the renal cortex, this Muscovy duck had areas of tubular cell degeneration and proliferation of fibrous connective tissue. However, it was not possible to establish a cause and effect relationship between the renal damage and the uric gout. Despite being common in birds under human care, the disease still is challenging for veterinarians, since the diagnosis is often late and treatment is often ineffective. The absence of documentation of this disease in the Muscovy duck contributes to the difficulty in establishing predisposing factors and a distinct disease etiology. This highlights the importance of the present report and the need for new studies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of visceral uric gout in a Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata). This highlights the importance of necroscopic examinations and the impact they can have in the clinical arena, especially in wild animals.

Hérnia diafragmática peritôniopericárdica congênita em uma gata / Congenital peritoniopericardial diaphragmatic hernia in a female kitten

Background: Peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia is a rare pathogenesis of congenital origin, which occurs due to a failure in the communication between the diaphragm and the pericardium during embryogenesis. Symptoms may be non-existent or non-specific, depending on the herniated organ involved and, in most cases, the diagnosis is incidental. Regarding the most indicated treatment, there are still divergences in the literature concerning the indication of conservative or surgical treatment. This study reports the case of a feline peritoneopericardial hernia, for which surgical correction was the treatment of choice. Case: A 3-month-old female kitten, no defined racial pattern, was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco for treatment of a peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia. This condition was diagnosed through radiographic examination after the patient having been submitted to pediatric castration and presented anesthetic complications in the transsurgery. Blood count, biochemical profile and Doppler echocardiogram were performed, which showed no significant changes. To obtain a better study and surgical planning, computed tomography was performed to observe the heart located cranially in the pericardial cavity. Caudally to the heart, hepatic parenchyma located in the pericardial cavity was observed; and hepatic vessels presenting slightly enlarged dimensions. These tomographic findings suggested peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia; being the liver present in the pericardial cavity and signs of congestion in the hepatic parenchyma. Due to the likelihood of future worsening of the hernia, surgical correction was performed, with an abdominal midline incision in the preumbilical region to reposition the liver to its normal anatomy, followed by diaphragm reconstitution through a herniorrhaphy. After the surgical procedure, the patient was referred for observation in internment and, after 15 days, the skin sutures were removed. Complete correction of the hernial defect was observed on radiography performed 30 days after the surgical procedure. However, the examination showed the presence of deviation/ deformity in the topography of the sternum and costal cartilages, with slight cardiac displacement to the right hemithorax, suggesting the presence of pectus excavatum. Discussion: Peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia is considered rare and, despite being one of the most common causes of congenital pericardial anomaly in felines, it has a low prevalence ranging from 0.06% to 1.45%. They are usually diagnosed from two years of age, with prevalence for older animals. However, due to having presented anesthetic changes, the patient of this case report could be diagnosed early. Among the most common organs that migrate to the thoracic cavity, the liver is the most commonly observed, which is also the hernia content of the present report. Peritoneopericardial hernia is often diagnosed through radiography and ultrasound, and these imaging tests proved to be sufficient for the diagnosis in this report. However, computed tomography was important for providing a better study of case and for the adoption of median celiotomy as a treatment. Associations with other malformations are described in the literature, with pectus excavatum being the most common and also observed in this report. Peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia is a rare anomaly, rarely reported in the literature and with divergences regarding its treatment. The adoption of early surgical treatment performed in this report showed satisfactory evolution and the possibility of a favorable prognosis.

Clinical, histopathological, and hematological changes due to isoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura in piglets / Alterações clínicas, histopatológicas e hematológicas decorrentes de púrpura trombocitopenica isoimune em leitões

ABSTRACT: Isoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an immune-mediated disease that causes severe hemorrhagic lesions and high mortality in piglets. The disease can occur early in newborn piglets (EITP) or late in 2- to 3-week old piglets (LITP). In this study, we analysed the clinical, pathological, and hematological aspects of 391 ITP cases (312 with EITP and 79 with LITP). In LIPT cases, morbidity and mortality rates were higher, with rates of 60% (morbidity) and 53% (mortality). The main clinicopathological findings in ITP cases were different patterns of hemorrhages organs and tissues. In EITP, clinical signs were characterized by extensive subcutaneous hemorrhages and death occurred within a few days; however, in LITP, often sudden death occurred. In macroscopic analysis, hemorrhagic diathesis was observed in all affected animals. In EITP, the most severe hemorrhagic lesions were integumentary, mainly in the dermis and epidermis. In LITP, visceral lesions were predominant, mainly in the epicardium and intestines. Microscopic bone marrow analysis revealed mild cellular hyperplasia in EITP and bone marrow aplasia in LITP. hematological analyses revealed leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia in all ITP-affected animals. However, fostering by a different sow was only efficient in controlling EITP and had little effect in LITP-symptomatic piglets, due to more severe lesions. Further studies on the etiopathogenesis of LITP are required to improve our understanding of this disease form.

RESUMO: Púrpura trombocitopênica isoimune (PTI) é uma doença imunomediada que causa lesões hemorrágicas graves e alta mortalidade em leitões, que pode se apresentar através de uma forma precoce em leitões neonatos (PTIP) ou uma forma tardia em leitões com duas a três semanas de idade (PTIT). Neste trabalho analisamos aspectos clínicos, hematológicos e histopatológicos de 391 casos de PTI, sendo 312 de PTIP e 79 de PTIT. Observou-se maiores morbidade (60%) e mortalidade (53%) na PTIT. Os principais achados clínico-patológicos observado na PTI são hemorragias em diferentes graus de intensidade e nos diferentes órgãos e tecidos. Na PTIP observou-se predominantemente hemorragias subcutâneas extensas e morte em alguns dias, já na PTIT, observou-se além de grave hemorragia, morte súbita. Na análise macroscópica, observou-se diátese hemorrágica em todos os animais afetados. Na PTIP as lesões hemorrágicas mais graves foram tegumentares, principalmente em derme e epiderme, enquanto, na forma tardia, observou-se lesões predominantemente viscerais, em epicárdico e intestino. A análise microscópica de medula óssea revelou discreta hiperplasia celular na forma PTIP, enquanto, na PTIT observou-se aplasia medular. Na análise hematológica observou-se leucopenia, trombocitopenia e anemia em todos os animais com PTI. Os achados clínicos, histopatológicos e hematológicos para PTIP e PTIT da doença permitiram o diagnóstico de PTI. Entretanto, a troca de mãe se mostrou eficiente apenas para controle PTIP, uma vez que, esta estratégia apresenta pouco resultado para leitões sintomáticos com a PTIT, devido lesões mais severas. Estudos sobre a etiopatogênese da PTIT ainda são necessários para melhor entendimento desta forma da doença.

Enzootic bovine leukosis in a cow

Clinical History: A 5-year-old, Holstein-Friesian dairy cow was evaluated by a veterinary practitioner for a 30-day history of unilateral exophthalmos (Fig. 1). After 15 days, the cow presented lameness followed by progressive weight loss and pelvic limbs paresis, culminating in persistent sternal recumbency (Fig. 2). The superficial inguinal lymph nodes were enlarged. Due to the poor prognosis, the cow was euthanized and submitted to a postmortem examination. Gross Findings: The cow was in poor body condition with mild amounts of subcutaneous and visceral fat stores. The oral and conjunctival mucous membranes were pale. There was severe exophthalmos in the right eye, caused by a soft, homogenous, white to yellow mass (6 cm in diameter) (Fig. 3) in the retrobulbar space. Similar irregular masses were seen in the left renal pelvis, partially effacing the renal parenchyma, and in the epidural space, circumferentially surrounding the pachymeninges (extradural location) (Fig. 4) of the lumbar segment of the spinal cord. The superficial inguinal lymph nodes (supramammary) were markedly enlarged and, on the cut surface, had homogenous white to yellow discoloration and loss of the corticomedullary junction. Multifocal areas of the abomasum wall were moderately thickened and expanded by a soft, homogenous, white to yellow masses. No significant alterations were observed in other organs. Follow-up questions: Morphologic diagnosis? Etiological agent? Name of the condition? Probable pathogenesis pathways?

Diagnosis of transmissible venereal tumors in bitches - platelet indices are a remarkable marker?

Background: Hematological analyses are seen as more preferred laboratory analyses in canine transmissible venereal tumor studies. There is no information about the availability of platelets and their indices in routine practice in canine transmissible venereal tumor cases. Taking this as a starting point, this study analyzed the usefulness of platelet indices in dogs with transmissible venereal tumor in clinical laboratory diagnosis as well as examined the relationship between white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets (PLT), main platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), plateletcrit (PCT), and the ratio of main platelet volume to platelets (MPV/PLT). Materials, Methods & Results: In the study, a total of 42 bitches of various breeds were used. Nineteen healthy bitches were used as a control group, and the others 23 with cTVT as a study group. Metastasis was not observed in any of the bitches involved in the study. History, clinical findings, and cytological examinations were evaluated for the diagnosis of cTVT. In animals with hemorrhagic discharge and neoplastic lesions, a vaginal cytological examination was performed. Typical TVT cells with large nuclei and intracytoplasmic vacuoles were observed in the vaginal cytological examinations, and the diagnosis of TVT was made. Healthy bitches (19) and those with TVT (23) were 39.16 5.37 months and 47.61 5.14 months old, respectively. From all animals, 2 mL blood samples were collected from V. cephalica to evaluate PIs in the complete blood count (CBC). Collected blood samples were analyzed using an automated hematology analyzer. As a result of the analysis, WBC, RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, MCHC, RDW, PLT, MPV, PDW, PCT, and MPV/PLT data were obtained. Mild leukocytosis, an increase in PLT, and a decrease in MCV and MPV/PLT were determined in the study group compared to the control group. Cut-off values in CBC of bitches with TVT were determined as WBC: 13.35 (sensitivity: 78%; specificity: 90%); MCV: 67 (sensitivity: 57%; specificity: 95%); PLT: 315.50 (sensitivity: 65%; specificity: 74%); and MPV/PLT: 0.028 (sensitivity: 78%; specificity: 58%). In CBC analyses, a strong negative correlation between PLT and MPV/PLT was detected in both groups. Discussion: Canine transmissible venereal tumors are common in both stray and pet dogs. It is naturally transferred from animal to animal during mating by live tumor cells. This tumor can commonly affect the external genitalia and internal organs in some cases. It generally has the look of cauliflower, and its surface is ulcerated, inflammatory, hemorrhagic, and infectious. More preferred laboratory analyses are complete blood count and blood chemistry analysis in cTVT for to evaluate the success of treatments. Platelet indices have been investigated in many diseases such as endotoxemia, chronic enteropathy, mammary tumor, parvoviral enteritis, septic peritonitis, lymphoma, pyometra, visceral leishmaniasis, and babesiosis in dogs. There is no information available for either diagnostic or prognostic use of the PIs in canine TVT cases. Ultimately, in light of the presented study's results, platelet indices, especially PLT and the MPV/PLT ratio, seem to be notable laboratory markers in terms of easy accessibility and low-cost assessment techniques in canine transmissible venereal tumor cases. New data, however, should be established by a thorough follow-up study using a larger sample size and addressing its usefulness as a diagnostic or prognostic marker in canine transmissible venereal tumors.

Histological and immunohistochemical evaluations of the bone marrow from femur and sternal manubrium of dogs reactive for leishmaniasis by DPP® and ELISA tests / Avaliações histológica e imunoistoquímica da medula óssea do fêmur e do manúbrio esternal de cães reagentes para leishmaniose aos testes DPP® e ELISA

As the bone marrow is one of the most organs affected by canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL), samples from this are frequently taken for parasitological tests, with occurrence of myelodysplastic changes, with consequent anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the histological and immunohistochemical changes in the bone marrow of the femur and sternal manubrium of dogs reactive for leishmaniasis by DPP® and ELISA tests. For this, thirteen canines from the epidemiological routine for CVL carried out by the Directorate of Zoonosis Surveillance of Goiânia (DVZ), GO, Brazil, were subjected to anatomopathological examination. 46.2% of bone marrow samples from the femur showed a higher proportion of the red series, and 53.9% of bone marrow of the sternal manubrium evidenced a higher proportion of the red series. Also, there were varied macrophage hyperplasia, hemosiderosis, and megakaryocytic emperipolesis. Amastigote forms of Leishmania spp. in the bone marrow of the femur and sternal manubrium to histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluations were observed, with good agreement them, but without difference in the parasite intensity between the bone marrow of these anatomical sites. It was concluded that bone marrow of the femur and sternal manubrium of dogs reactive for leishmaniasis by DPP® and ELISA tests has histological changes resulting from the disease, regardless of the parasite presence or intensity, with macrophage hyperplasia, hemosiderosis, and emperipolesis being the main medullary changes in these animals. Also, the bone marrow of the femur and sternal manubrium are useful anatomical sites for the diagnosis of CVL by direct methods.

Como a medula óssea é um dos órgãos mais acometidos pela leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC), amostras desta são frequentemente colhidas para exames parasitológicos, sendo possível a ocorrência de alterações mielodisplásicas, com consequente anemia, leucopenia e trombocitopenia. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo investigar alterações histológicas e imunoistoquímicas na medula óssea do fêmur e manúbrio esternal de cães reativos para leishmaniose aos testes DPP® e ELISA. Para isso, 13 caninos da rotina epidemiológica para LVC realizada pela Diretoria de Vigilância de Zoonoses de Goiânia (DVZ), GO, Brasil, foram submetidos ao exame anatomopatológico. 46,2% e 53,9% das amostras de medula óssea do fêmur e do manúbrio esternal apresentaram maior proporção da série vermelha, respectivamente. Além disso, havia variados graus de hiperplasia macrofágica, hemossiderose e emperipolese megacariocítica. Formas amastigotas de Leishmania spp. na medula óssea do fêmur e do manúbrio esternal às avaliações histopatológicas e imunoistoquímicas foram observadas, com boa concordância entre essas, mas sem diferença na intensidade parasitária entre a medula óssea desses sítios anatômicos. Conclui-se que a medula óssea do fêmur e do manúbrio esternal de cães reativos para leishmaniose aos testes DPP® e ELISA apresenta alterações histológicas decorrentes da doença, independente da presença ou intensidade do parasito, sendo hiperplasia de macrófagos, hemossiderose e emperipolese as principais alterações medulares nesses animais. Além disso, a medula óssea do fêmur e do manúbrio esternal compreendem sítios anatômicos úteis ao diagnóstico de LVC por métodos diretos.

Characterization of macrophage polarization in lesions of dogs inoculated with Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum (BH401) strain

The aim of this work was to describe the anatomical pathology of dogs experimentally infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum strain MCAN / BR / 2002 / BH401, a Brazilian form of L. infantum isolated from a symptomatic dog from an endemic area. For this, five beagles (three months old and both sexes) composed the experimental group. Markers of macrophage subpopulations M1 and M2 (related to resistance and susceptibility to visceral leishmaniasis) and the tissue cytokine transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-ß1) (one of the main cytokines related to the fibrosis process and anti-inflammatory action) were evaluated in livers, lungs and kidneys. The BH 401 L. infantum strain induced classical lesions of the visceral disease where all evaluated organs showed a chronic inflammatory reaction and tissue parasitism associated with a higher expression of CD163 and TGF-ß1 markers, might be related to the progression of the disease. In this work it was possible to conclude that the BH 401 strain reproduces canine visceral leishmaniasis that occurs naturally.(AU)

Mesotelioma peritoneal em onça-pintada (Panthera onca Linnaeus, 1758) / Peritoneal mesothelioma in jaguar (Panthera onca Linnaeus, 1758) / Mesotelioma peritoneal en jaguar (Panthera onca Linnaeus, 1758)

Mesoteliomas são neoplasias malignas que causam lesões graves e extensas em peritônio, pleura, pericárdio e órgãos adjacentes. O presente estudo de caso discorre sobre o óbito de uma onça-pintada (Panthera onca) mantida sob cuidados humanos em um zoológico do estado de São Paulo, com idade estimada de 19 anos, que apresentou aumento de volume abdominal, ascite, diminuição de deslocamento pelo recinto, inapetência e polidipsia. O paciente foi submetido a exames clínicos, laboratoriais e de diagnósticos por imagem, e em curto espaço de tempo foi a óbito. Os resultados anatomopatológicos e imuno-histoquímicos indicaram o diagnóstico conclusivo de mesotelioma peritoneal, com metástase em linfonodo mesenterico.(AU)

Mesotheliomas are malignant neoplasms and cause severe and extensive lesions in the peritoneum, pleura, pericardium and adjacent organs. The present case study discusses the death of a jaguar (Panthera onca) kept under human care in a zoo in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with an estimated age of 19-years-old. He presented increased abdominal volume, ascites, decreased displacement by the enclosure, inappetence and polydipsia. The patient underwent clinical, laboratory and diagnostic imaging tests and died after a short period of time. The anatomopathological results indicated the diagnosis of peritoneal mesothelioma, with metastasis in the mesenteric lymph node.(AU)

Los mesoteliomas son neoplasias malignas y provocan lesiones graves y extensas en el peritoneo, pleura, pericardio y órganos adyacentes. El presente estudio de caso presenta la muerte de un jaguar (Panthera onca) mantenido bajo cuidado humano en un zoológico en el estado de São Paulo, Brasil, con una edad estimada de 19 años. El animal presentó aumento de volumen abdominal, ascitis, disminución del desplazamiento por el recinto, inapetencia y polidipsia. Al paciente se le realizaron pruebas clínicas, de laboratorio y de diagnóstico por imágenes, pero en poco tiempo falleció. Los resultados anatomopatológicos indicaron el diagnóstico de mesotelioma peritoneal, con metástasis en el ganglio mesenterico.(AU)

Effects of different acetylsalicylic acid doses on body organs, histopathology, and serum biochemical parameters in broiler birds / Efeito de diferentes doses de ácido acetil salicílico nos orgãos corpóreos, histopalogia e parâmetros bioquímicos sorológicos em frangos de corte

The poultry industry suffers from various diseases or stresses. In poultry, apart from being antipyretic, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is widely used to cope with different issues including heat stress, and respiratory and digestive orders. This study evaluated the beneficial and toxic effects of ASA at different dose levels in broiler birds. To evaluate these toxic and beneficial effects it is necessary to examine the physical and serum biochemical parameters as well as the histopathological changes with tissue sections taken from broiler birds under experimental trial. This study was conducted on 60 one-day-old broiler chicks purchased from a local market in Faisalabad. Chicks were reared for the first 14 days under similar conditions. On the 15th day, birds were randomly divided into 4 groups (1-4) with 15 birds in each group. Group 4 was kept as control, while groups 1, 2, and 3 were treated with ASA at the dose of 300, 600, and 1200 mg/L of drinking water for 21 days. There were 3 samplings performed at 21, 28, and 35 days post-treatment. The live body weight and carcass weight were noted on each sampling. All the visceral organs were recorded for gross pathological changes. The serum samples were collected for biochemical evaluation. Histopathology of all the visceral organs was performed to observe the microscopic changes. A significant (P<0.05) increase in live body weight at a 300mg/L dose was noted after the first 2 samplings. A significant (P<0.05) increase in the relative organ weight was recorded at 1200 mg/L. The groups treated with ASA 600 and 1200 mg/L showed increased (P<0.05) AST, ALT, and creatinine levels from that of the control group. The group treated with 1200 mg/L of ASA showed increased (P<0.05) urea, serum total protein, and albumin level in all the samplings. Histopathological changes revealed swollen hepatocytes, increased sinusoidal spaces in the liver, congestion and abnormal glomerular spaces in the kidney, congestion and alveolar disruption in the lungs, and generation of villi and cellular degeneration in the intestine in a high-dose group. The study concluded that ASA at a low dose can be used for a long time in broilers and has a growth promontory role, while high-level doses cause hepatorenal toxicity.(AU)

A indústria avícola é afetada por diversas doenças ou estresses. Particularmente devido às aves serem antipiréticas. O ácido acetil salicílico (AAS) é largamente utilizado com diferentes objetivos que incluem o controle do estresse calórico, bem como a atividade respiratória e digestiva. O propósito deste estudo foi a avaliação dos efeitos benéficos e tóxicos do emprego de diferentes dosagens do AAS em frangos de corte. As variáveis analisadas foram: exame físico, parâmetros bioquímicos, bem como as alterações histopatológica em seções de tecidos colhidas das aves em um ensaio experimental. O estudo foi conduzido em 60 frangos de corte com um dia de idade adquiridos em um mercado local de Faisalabad que foram recriados nos primeiros 14 dias em idênticas condições. Então no 15º dia as aves foram distribuídas randomicamente em quatro grupos identificados pelos números 1 a 4, com 15 aves em cada grupo. O grupo 4 foi mantido como grupo controle e os grupos 1, 2 e 3 foram tratados com AAS, respectivamente, nas doses de 300, 600 e 1200 mg/L de água de bebida, durante 21 dias. Foram realizadas três amostragens nos dias 21, 28 e 35 pós-tratamento. O peso vivo corpóreo e da carcaça foi registrado em cada amostragem. Em todos os órgãos viscerais foi analisada a presença de alterações patológicas. As amostras de soro sanguíneo foram colhidas para a avaliação bioquímica. O exame histopatológico de todos os órgãos viscerais foi realizado para a observação de alterações microscópicas. A partir da segunda amostragem foi observado um aumento significante (p<0,05) no peso corpóreo na dosagem de 300mg/L. Um significante aumento no peso relativo dos órgãos foi registrado na dosagem de 1200 mg/L. Os grupos tratados com dosagens de 600 e 1200 mg/L de AAS, apresentaram aumento significante dos níveis de AST, ALT e de creatinina quando comparados ao grupo controle. O grupo tratado com 1200 mg/L de AAS apresentou um aumento significante (P,0,05) de uréia, proteína sérica total e de albumina em todas as amostragens. No grupo de alta dosagem foram observados alterações histopatológicas constituídas por aumento dos hepatócitos, aumento dos espaços sinusoidais no fígado, congestão e anormalidades nos espaços glomerulares nos rins, congestão e ruptura alveolar nos pulmões, degeneração das vilosidades e celular nos intestinos A conclusão obtida foi que em frangos de corte uma baixa dosagem do AAS pode ser utilizada por um período de longa duração, apresentando um efeito promotor do crescimento, contudo as doses elevadas determinam toxicidade hepática e renal.(AU)

Mycobacteriosis in an appearantly healty atlantic mackerel (Scomber Scombrus, L) and zoonotic potential / Micobacteriose em uma cavala atlântica aparentemente curada (Scomber Scombrus, L) e potencial zoonótico

Mycobacteriosis was detected in seven out of one Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) that was purchased for human consumption from a fish market. The fish was apparently healthy but during cleaning, several granulomatous foci were noticed in the visceral organs. Histopathological examination of the lesions revealed numerous foci characterized by caseous necrosis in the center of the lesion surrounded by epithelioid giant cells. Ziehl-Neelsen staining revealed the presence of rod-shaped, acid-fast bacteria. Furthermore, immunohistochemical examination revealed the presence of a protein of mycobacterial origin in giant cells and macrophages. Based on gross and microscopic findings, mycobacteriosis was diagnosed. This report showed that due to its zoonotic potential, mycobacteriosis should be considered even in healthy-appearing fishes for human consumption.

A micobacteriose foi detectada em uma de sete cavalas do Atlântico (Scomber scombrus) que foi comprada para consumo humano em um mercado de peixe. O peixe era aparentemente saudável, mas durante a limpeza, vários focos granulomatosos foram notados nos órgãos viscerais. O exame histopatológico das lesões revelou numerosos focos caracterizados por necrose caseosa no centro da lesão circundada por células gigantes epitelioides. A coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen revelou a presença de bactérias em forma de bastonete, com rápida acidez. Além disso, o exame imunohistoquímico revelou a presença de uma proteína de origem micobacteriana em células gigantes e macrófagos. Com base em achados grosseiros e microscópicos, a micobacteriose foi diagnosticada. Este relatório mostrou que devido a seu potencial zoonótico, a micobacteriose deve ser considerada mesmo em peixes saudáveis para consumo humano.

Evaluation of an active and early surveillance methodology for visceral leishmaniasis by molecular detection in road-killed wild fauna / Avaliação de metodologia de vigilância ativa e precoce da leishmaniosevisceral por detecção molecular em fauna silvestre atropelada

The present study aimed to evaluate a methodology for active surveillance of visceral leishmaniasis by detecting Leishmania DNA in organs of wild road-killed animals from November 2016 to October 2018 in the North of Paraná, Brazil. The collection points of road-killed wild animals were georeferenced. The animals were autopsied and samples of bone marrow, lymph node, liver, spleen, and ear skin were collected. Genomic DNA was extracted and subjected to PCR for amplification of Leishmania spp. 18S, kinetoplastic DNA (kDNA), HSP70, and ITS1 genes, and DNA sequencing was performed. The primers used for the amplification of kDNA, ITS1, and HSP70 genes presented non-specific results. Of the 66 mammals collected from 24 different municipalities, one Southern Tamandua (Tamandua tetradactyla) presented DNA of Leishmania spp. in lymph nodes by 18S PCR. DNA sequencing confirmed the results of the subgenus, Viannia, identification. We suggest using the methodology showed in the present study in the active and early surveillance of visceral leishmaniasis in a non-endemic area.(AU)

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar uma metodologia de vigilância ativa da leishmaniose visceral por meio da detecção de DNA de Leishmania em órgãos de animais silvestres atropelados, de novembro de 2016 a outubro de 2018, no Norte do Paraná, Brasil. Os pontos de coleta dos animais silvestres atropelados foram georreferenciados. Os animais foram autopsiados e amostras de medula óssea, linfonodo, fígado, baço, e pele de orelha foram coletados. DNA genômico foi extraído e submetido à PCR para amplificação de quatro diferentes regiões de Leishmania spp.: 18S, kDNA, HSP70 e ITS1, sequenciamento de DNA foi realizado. Os iniciadores utilizados para a amplificação dos genes kDNA, ITS1 e HSP70 apresentaram resultados inespecíficos. Dos 66 mamíferos coletados em 24 diferentes municípios, um tamanduá-mirim (Tamandua tetradactyla) apresentou DNA de Leishmania spp. em linfonodo na PCR, que amplificou o gene 18S. O sequenciamento de DNA confirmou o resultado e demonstrou a presença do subgênero Viannia. Sugere-se o uso da metodologia apresentada no presente estudo na vigilância ativa e precoce da leishmaniose visceral em área não endêmica.(AU)

Peritoneal cryptococcosis in a dog

Background: Cryptococcosis is an opportunistic, systemic mycotic disease caused by yeasts of genus Cryptococcus.Cryptococcus neoformans might cause serious public health problems, as they can be transmitted to humans, domesticand wild animals. In cats and dogs, the main site of infection is the upper lower respiratory tract, however, the infectioncan extend and affect other sites in the organism, however, the peritoneal manifestation of the disease is rare. Thus, thepresent work aims to report a case of cryptococcosis in a canine, mixed breed, female, adult, from the Metropolitan Regionof Belém, PA, Brazil.Case: A mixed breed dog, female, adult was admitted in a veterinary hospital at Belém, presenting abdominal discomfortand, after the clinical examination, emergency exploratory laparotomy was indicated, and it were observed disseminatedlesions in the abdominal cavity, with multiple nodules attached to the peritoneum and intestinal serosa and bladder, uterus,among other organs. Fragments from the surgical biopsy were fixed, and processed routinely according to the techniquesfor histological tissue processing. Histological examination revealed a predominance of granulomatous lesions in peritoneum and mesentery organs. It was observed a discrete inflammatory reaction of macrophages, epithelioid cells andgiant cells, many in phagocytosis of spherical or ovoid organisms, with a thick capsule and a clear perinuclear halo. Inthe PAS staining, the Cryptococcus conidia presented eosinophilic characteristics and some of them had the capsule welldemarcated, which was shown to be radiated. Also it was possible to see the budding yeast and in the Grocott stain, theCryptococcus stained in black.Discussion: Cryptococcosis with peritoneal involvement in animals is rarely reported in the literature. Cryptococcus is afungus that presents tropism by the...

Peritoneal cryptococcosis in a dog

Background: Cryptococcosis is an opportunistic, systemic mycotic disease caused by yeasts of genus Cryptococcus.Cryptococcus neoformans might cause serious public health problems, as they can be transmitted to humans, domesticand wild animals. In cats and dogs, the main site of infection is the upper lower respiratory tract, however, the infectioncan extend and affect other sites in the organism, however, the peritoneal manifestation of the disease is rare. Thus, thepresent work aims to report a case of cryptococcosis in a canine, mixed breed, female, adult, from the Metropolitan Regionof Belém, PA, Brazil.Case: A mixed breed dog, female, adult was admitted in a veterinary hospital at Belém, presenting abdominal discomfortand, after the clinical examination, emergency exploratory laparotomy was indicated, and it were observed disseminatedlesions in the abdominal cavity, with multiple nodules attached to the peritoneum and intestinal serosa and bladder, uterus,among other organs. Fragments from the surgical biopsy were fixed, and processed routinely according to the techniquesfor histological tissue processing. Histological examination revealed a predominance of granulomatous lesions in peritoneum and mesentery organs. It was observed a discrete inflammatory reaction of macrophages, epithelioid cells andgiant cells, many in phagocytosis of spherical or ovoid organisms, with a thick capsule and a clear perinuclear halo. Inthe PAS staining, the Cryptococcus conidia presented eosinophilic characteristics and some of them had the capsule welldemarcated, which was shown to be radiated. Also it was possible to see the budding yeast and in the Grocott stain, theCryptococcus stained in black.Discussion: Cryptococcosis with peritoneal involvement in animals is rarely reported in the literature. Cryptococcus is afungus that presents tropism by the...(AU)

Anatomomopathological and immunohistochemical analyses of the spleen and lymph node of dogs seropositives for leishmaniasis in serological tests / Análises anatomopatológica e imuno-histoquímica do baço e linfonodo de cães soropositivos para leishmaniose em testes sorológicos

Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) is a zoonosis caused by the protozoan of the species Leishmania infantum. The spleen and lymph nodes undergo morphological changes during CanL. This research aimed to perform an anatomopathological and immunohistochemical study of these organs in dogs reactive to leishmaniasis in the Dual-path Platform chromatographic immunoassay (DPP®) and Enzyme Immunoabsorption Assay (ELISA). Twenty-seven dogs were evaluated for anatomopathological examination with 92.6% showing changes at gross evaluation, specially splenomegaly and lymphadenomegaly. All dogs showed changes in the spleen unrelated to the parasitic load, with granulomatous splenitis being the most severe change. Diffuse cortical and paracortical hyperplasia, and hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the medullary cords were observed in the lymph node. Amastigote forms of Leishmania spp. were found in the spleen and lymph node at histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluations, with good agreement between these evaluations (k = 0.55, p = 0.00124), but no difference was observed in the parasitic intensity of these organs at immunohistochemistry (p = 0.23). It was concluded that spleen and lymph node from dogs reactive to leishmaniasis on the DPP® and ELISA tests show histomorphological changes resulting from the disease, independent to the parasitic load, as well as these organs show similar parasitic load at immunohistochemical test.

A leishmaniose canina (CanL) é uma zoonose causada pelo protozoário da espécie Leishmania infantum. O baço e os linfonodos sofrem alterações morfológicas durante o CanL. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo realizar um estudo anatomopatológico e imuno-histoquímico desses órgãos em cães reativos para leishmaniose aos testes de Imunoensaio Cromatográfico "Dual Path Platform" (DPP®) e Ensaio de Imunoabsorção Enzimática (ELISA). Vinte e sete cães foram avaliados ao exame anatomopatológico, com 92,6% exibindo alterações à avaliação macroscópica, especialmente esplenomegalia e linfadenomegalia. Todos os cães apresentaram alterações no baço não relacionadas à carga parasitária, sendo a esplenite granulomatosa a alteração mais grave. Hiperplasia cortical e paracortical difusa e hiperplasia e hipertrofia dos cordões medulares foram observadas nos linfonodos. Formas amastigotas de Leishmania spp. foram encontradas no baço e linfonodo às avaliações histopatológica e imuno-histoquímica, com boa concordância entre os métodos (k = 0,55, p = 0,00124), mas não foi observada diferença na intensidade parasitária entre esses órgãos à imuno-histoquímica (p = 0,23). Conclui-se que baço e linfonodo de cães reativos para leishmaniose aos testes DPP® e ELISA apresentam alterações histomorfológicas decorrentes da doença, independente da carga parasitária, assim como esses órgãos apresentam carga parasitária semelhante ao método imuno-histoquímico.

Effects of Medicinal Plants Extract with Antibiotic Free Diets on Broilers Growth Performance and Incidence of Muscles Abnormalities

The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of a natural herb extract1 (HE) on the general growth performance and the incidence of muscle abnormalities (white striping and wooden) of broiler chicks. A total of 504 one-day old chicks (Ross 500) were used in the experiment and randomly partitioned into 3 treatments with 7 replicates in each (24 chicks per replicate). Three experimental diets (C: regular feed; T1 and T2 (supplemented with HE at levels of 0.20 and 0.30 ml/L, respectively). The herbal extract was supplemented in drinking water. Feed intake, body weight and feed conversion ratio were monitored at days 14, 28 and 42 of the feeding trial. Moreover, the yield of visceral organs, carcass cuts, and the incidence of muscle abnormalities were evaluated at different ages of slaughter (34, 41and 48 days). Results showed that weights, feed conversion ratios (FCR) and dressing percentages (DP) increased (p 0.05) in birds supplemented with herb extract compared to control birds. However, HE supplementation had no significant effects on carcass cuts and some visceral organs. Meat quality was improved by HE supplementation as the incidence of white stripping (WS) and WS plus wooden meat cases dramatically reduced, in particular at 34 days of age, day of slaughter. It can be concluded that feeding the herbal extract has significant positive effects on broilers general performance, feed efficiency and meat quality.(AU)

Effects of Medicinal Plants Extract with Antibiotic Free Diets on Broilers Growth Performance and Incidence of Muscles Abnormalities

The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of a natural herb extract1 (HE) on the general growth performance and the incidence of muscle abnormalities (white striping and wooden) of broiler chicks. A total of 504 one-day old chicks (Ross 500) were used in the experiment and randomly partitioned into 3 treatments with 7 replicates in each (24 chicks per replicate). Three experimental diets (C: regular feed; T1 and T2 (supplemented with HE at levels of 0.20 and 0.30 ml/L, respectively). The herbal extract was supplemented in drinking water. Feed intake, body weight and feed conversion ratio were monitored at days 14, 28 and 42 of the feeding trial. Moreover, the yield of visceral organs, carcass cuts, and the incidence of muscle abnormalities were evaluated at different ages of slaughter (34, 41and 48 days). Results showed that weights, feed conversion ratios (FCR) and dressing percentages (DP) increased (p 0.05) in birds supplemented with herb extract compared to control birds. However, HE supplementation had no significant effects on carcass cuts and some visceral organs. Meat quality was improved by HE supplementation as the incidence of white stripping (WS) and WS plus wooden meat cases dramatically reduced, in particular at 34 days of age, day of slaughter. It can be concluded that feeding the herbal extract has significant positive effects on broilers general performance, feed efficiency and meat quality.

Linfadenite caseosa intestinal em ovino / Intestinal caseous lymphadenitis in sheep

Background: Caseous Lymphadenitis (CL) is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Corynebacteriumpseudotuberculosis, which is considered the main agent responsible for abscess lesions. In the visceral form it can affect theinternal organs of sheep and goats, which could negatively affect animal health and cause large economic losses for producers.Case: This study aims to report a case of intestinal CL in sheep, with suspected diagnosis during physical examinationand identification during the performance of the oophorectomy procedure, adopted as a management approach. It is amixed breed sheep, aged over 5 years; weight 28 kg; emaciated on physical examination; with pale pink and moist eyelidmucosa; heart and respiratory rate: 81 beats/min and 22 movements/min, respectively; body temperature 39.2°C; ruminalmovements at 1 movement/min; without identification of lymphadenomegaly on palpation, however, it was observed thatthe right submandibular lymph node presented tissue retraction compatible with the healing process. For the surgical procedure, an 18-h fast was used and pre-anesthetic medication with 2% xylazine (0.1 mg/kg), 10% ketamine (5 mg/kg) and50 mg/mL tramadol (2 mg/kg) administrated intramuscularly. The animal was placed in the left lateral decubitus position,then was performed trichotomy and epidural administration of 2% lidocaine (4 mg/kg) and maintenance with propofol10 mg/mL intravenous dose-effect and oxygen mask 3 L/min, antibiotic prophylaxis was performed with 10% enrofloxacin(2.5 mg/kg). Flank oophorectomy was performed according to the classic technique and during...

Linfadenite caseosa intestinal em ovino / Intestinal caseous lymphadenitis in sheep

Background: Caseous Lymphadenitis (CL) is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Corynebacteriumpseudotuberculosis, which is considered the main agent responsible for abscess lesions. In the visceral form it can affect theinternal organs of sheep and goats, which could negatively affect animal health and cause large economic losses for producers.Case: This study aims to report a case of intestinal CL in sheep, with suspected diagnosis during physical examinationand identification during the performance of the oophorectomy procedure, adopted as a management approach. It is amixed breed sheep, aged over 5 years; weight 28 kg; emaciated on physical examination; with pale pink and moist eyelidmucosa; heart and respiratory rate: 81 beats/min and 22 movements/min, respectively; body temperature 39.2°C; ruminalmovements at 1 movement/min; without identification of lymphadenomegaly on palpation, however, it was observed thatthe right submandibular lymph node presented tissue retraction compatible with the healing process. For the surgical procedure, an 18-h fast was used and pre-anesthetic medication with 2% xylazine (0.1 mg/kg), 10% ketamine (5 mg/kg) and50 mg/mL tramadol (2 mg/kg) administrated intramuscularly. The animal was placed in the left lateral decubitus position,then was performed trichotomy and epidural administration of 2% lidocaine (4 mg/kg) and maintenance with propofol10 mg/mL intravenous dose-effect and oxygen mask 3 L/min, antibiotic prophylaxis was performed with 10% enrofloxacin(2.5 mg/kg). Flank oophorectomy was performed according to the classic technique and during...(AU)

A case of metastatic non-teratoid ocular medulloepithelioma in an adult horse

This case reports an eight-years-old horse that presented a unilateral tumor in the left ocular orbital region diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs, gross anatomopathological and histopathological investigations. The affected area was exenteration and submitted to histopathological evaluation and was diagnosed as a non-teratoid medulloepithelioma. This is a rare ocular neoplasm that usually affects young individuals – and was composed by neuroepithelium arranged in tubules and Flexner-Wintersteiner rosettes without presence of heteroplastic components. The animals died and was submitted to post-mortem evaluation, revealing presence of medulloepithelioma metastases at the internal region of the head, lymph nodes, lungs, and liver. This neoplasm usually presents a benign frame; however, the case herein described shows that it can be highly malignant and aggressive since it can cause extensive lesions and spread metastases to visceral organs.

A case of metastatic non-teratoid ocular medulloepithelioma in an adult horse

This case reports an eight-years-old horse that presented a unilateral tumor in the left ocular orbital region diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs, gross anatomopathological and histopathological investigations. The affected area was exenteration and submitted to histopathological evaluation and was diagnosed as a non-teratoid medulloepithelioma. This is a rare ocular neoplasm that usually affects young individuals and was composed by neuroepithelium arranged in tubules and Flexner-Wintersteiner rosettes without presence of heteroplastic components. The animals died and was submitted to post-mortem evaluation, revealing presence of medulloepithelioma metastases at the internal region of the head, lymph nodes, lungs, and liver. This neoplasm usually presents a benign frame; however, the case herein described shows that it can be highly malignant and aggressive since it can cause extensive lesions and spread metastases to visceral organs.(AU)