Congenital extrahepatic portosystemic deviation of gastric vein with azygos in a bitch

Background: Portosystemic shunt (PSS), an alteration commonly found in toy dogs, is caused by an anastomosis between the systemic and portal circulation, interfering with the metabolism of several toxins. It can be of congenital or acquired origin and is classified as intra- or extrahepatic. Clinical signs include the gastrointestinal tract, nervous system, and urinary system according to the fraction of the shunt. It is diagnosed by several imaging tests and exploratory laparotomy. Therapy involves drug therapy and/or surgical correction of the anomalous vessels. Thus, the aim is to present an unusual case of extrahepatic cPSS originating from the left gastric vein and insertion into the azygos vein. Case: A 2-year-old female toy poodle, spayed, weighing 2.7 kg was treated with a history of recurrent cystitis and neurological signs such as focal seizures, ataxia, tremors, blindness, lethargy, head pressing, and compulsive gait. Complementary tests revealed normochromic microcytic anemia, neutrophilia-induced leukocytosis, monocytosis, and lymphopenia. Biochemical analysis revealed hypoproteinemia due to hypoglobulinemia, an increase in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase, and a decrease in urea. In the urinalysis, ammonium biurate crystals were detected, and Doppler ultrasound revealed microhepathy and the presence of an anomalous gastrosplenic vein inserted into the azygos vein, a finding compatible with the congenital extrahepatic PSS. Abdominal tomography confirmed vascular deviation with a sinuous path originating from the left gastric and splenic veins, inserting into the azygos vein, measuring approximately 5.95 cm in length. Cranial tomography revealed changes consistent with hepatic encephalopathy. Drug therapy was performed with hydration, liver chow, lactulose, probiotics, metronidazole, S-adenosyl-L-methionine, and ursodeoxycholic acid, and after 15 days, surgery was performed to place a 3.5 mm ameroid constrictor ring for gradual occlusion of the anomalous vessel. The animal recovered well, and a control abdominal ultrasound was repeated 30 days after the procedure, noting that the constrictor had not yet fully occluded the deviation. Doppler imaging revealed a favorable evolution with an increase in the diameter of the portal vein in the hepatopetal direction. The patient was followed-up for a year and had a normal and healthy life. Discussion: Extrahepatic PSS is frequently diagnosed in purebred and toy dogs, commonly occurring between the portal vein and one of its tributaries, with a lower frequency of anomalous vessels between the azygos veins, as in the present report. The patient's age and clinical signs were compatible with the disease, in addition to ammonia biurate crystals and hematological and biochemical alterations. The neurological clinical signs observed were compatible with hepatic encephalopathy secondary to congenital PSS. The imaging examinations facilitated the identification of the extrahepatic vascular anomaly, with the tomography being more accurate and helping in proper surgical planning. Clinical treatment should be performed for presurgical stabilization, and occlusion can be performed by placing cellophane bands or an ameroid constrictor, which is the technique of choice for congenital PSS, as it allows for slow constriction to avoid acute portal hypertension, as in this case, emphasizing that anesthesia in animals with portosystemic shunts must be performed with care.

First record of leucism in the polychromatic Amazon tree boa, Corallus hortulana (Serpentes, Boidae) of South America / Primeiro registro de leucismo em suaçuboia, Corallus hortulana (Serpentes, Boidae) uma espécie policromática da América do Sul

Snakes have a wide variety of color patterns that can be related to specific ecological and physiological functions. However, genetic mutations can lead to the appearance of anomalous color patterns, which can directly interfere with the fitness of individuals. Leucism is a chromatic anomaly characterized by the almost total absence of epidermal and dermal chromatophores that produce the color. Corallus hortulana is an arboreal snake with nocturnal habits, widely distributed throughout South America, with a wide range of color patterns, known as polychromatism. Here we report the first case of leucism in Corallus hortulana and discuss the potential ecological implications of this anomaly in this species.(AU)

As cobras possuem uma grande variedade de padrões de coloração que podem estar relacionadas a funções ecológicas e fisiológicas específicas. No entanto, mutações genéticas podem levar ao aparecimento de padrões de coloração anômalos que podem interferir diretamente na fitness do indivíduo. O leucismo é uma anomalia cromática caracterizada pela ausência quase total de cromatóforos epidérmicos e dérmicos que produzem a cor. Corallus hortulana é uma serpente arborícola de hábitos noturnos, amplamente distribuída pela América do Sul, com grande variação de padrões de cor, conhecida como policromatismo. Aqui nós relatamos o primeiro caso de leucismo em Corallus hortulana e discutimos as potenciais implicações ecológicas desta anomalia para a espécie.(AU)

Distúrbio de comportamento: uma visão integrada da etologia e análise do comportamento / Disorder of behavior: an integrated view of ethology and analysis of behavior

Diante de uma demanda crescente em relação ao bem-estar animal, técnicas e pesquisas necessitam de suporte teórico para compreender e intervir em comportamentos descritos como anômalos ou distúrbios de conduta. Tendo em vista a prevenção do prejuízo ao organismo e os efeitos colaterais provenientes de uma condição de baixo nível de bem-estar, compreender como um comportamento anormal surge no repertório de um indivíduo é imprescindível para intervenções eficazes. O objetivo deste artigo é discutir dois modelos teóricos de áreas distintas do conhecimento, mas que possuem em comum o estudo do comportamento, a Etologia e o Behaviorismo Radical. A partir do modelo de Comportamento Apetitivo da Etologia e do Comportamento Adjuntivo do Behaviorismo, é possível compreender os mecanismos fisiológicos e funcionais que envolvem os distúrbios de comportamento.

Faced a growing demand for animal welfare, techniques and research need a theoretical support to understand and intervene in behaviors described as anomalous or behavioral disorders. In order to prevent damage to the body and the side effects arising from a low level of well-being, understanding how abnormal behavior appears in an individual's repertoire is essential for effective interventions. The aim of this article is to discuss two theoretical models from different areas of knowledge, but which have in common the study of behavior, Ethology and Radical Behaviorism. From the Appetitive Behavior model of ethology and the Adjunctive Behavior of Behaviorism, it is possible to understand the physiological and functional mechanisms that involve behavioral disorders.

Distúrbio de comportamento: uma visão integrada da etologia e análise do comportamento / Disorder of behavior: an integrated view of ethology and analysis of behavior

Diante de uma demanda crescente em relação ao bem-estar animal, técnicas e pesquisas necessitam de suporte teórico para compreender e intervir em comportamentos descritos como anômalos ou distúrbios de conduta. Tendo em vista a prevenção do prejuízo ao organismo e os efeitos colaterais provenientes de uma condição de baixo nível de bem-estar, compreender como um comportamento anormal surge no repertório de um indivíduo é imprescindível para intervenções eficazes. O objetivo deste artigo é discutir dois modelos teóricos de áreas distintas do conhecimento, mas que possuem em comum o estudo do comportamento, a Etologia e o Behaviorismo Radical. A partir do modelo de Comportamento Apetitivo da Etologia e do Comportamento Adjuntivo do Behaviorismo, é possível compreender os mecanismos fisiológicos e funcionais que envolvem os distúrbios de comportamento.(AU)

Faced a growing demand for animal welfare, techniques and research need a theoretical support to understand and intervene in behaviors described as anomalous or behavioral disorders. In order to prevent damage to the body and the side effects arising from a low level of well-being, understanding how abnormal behavior appears in an individual's repertoire is essential for effective interventions. The aim of this article is to discuss two theoretical models from different areas of knowledge, but which have in common the study of behavior, Ethology and Radical Behaviorism. From the Appetitive Behavior model of ethology and the Adjunctive Behavior of Behaviorism, it is possible to understand the physiological and functional mechanisms that involve behavioral disorders.(AU)

Condemnation of pork carcasses by cannibalism in slaughterhouse from Northern Mesoregion Mato-grossense, Brazil / Condenações de carcaças suínas por canibalismo em frigorífico de abate na mesorregião norte Mato-grossense, Brasil

Among the disturbances resulting from stress is cannibalism, in the confinement of swines, it is caused by suffering environmental disturbances. Therefore, the aimed of this study was to analyze the rates of condemnation of swine carcasses for cannibalism in the period from January to April 2020 in a slaughterhouse located in the Northern Mesoregion Mato-grossense - Brazil. Data were conducted using ANOVA and Tukey Test (α=0.05). The study of proportions was also carried out as a statistical basis to calculate the percentage of destinations and the total amount of condemned swine carcasses. The averages of the condemned, released and used carcasses show a statistical difference (p<0.05) between the months studied. The monthly averages were 112.25 condemned carcasses (64.25 released, 35 used conditionally and 13 destined for rendering). In the total of carcasses condemned for cannibalism, there were values of 57.28% for release, 31.18% for conditional use and 11.58% for rendering, with a higher incidence in March. The incidence of cannibalism can be considered low in relation to the number of animals slaughtered in a four-month period. However, the economic impact must be taken into account, because the loss due to total conviction and conditional use cause significant financial losses. In addition, uncomfortable production environments have factors closely related to cannibalism, being difficult to control after the outbreak begins. Therefore, the incidence of cannibalism can influence the final carcass yield of swines slaughtered in the finishing phase.

Dentre os distúrbios decorrentes do estresse está o canibalismo, no confinamento de suínos se dá por sofrer dis-túrbios ambientais. Diante disso, o objetivo desse estudo foi analisar os índices de condenação de carcaças suínas por cani-balismo no período de janeiro a abril de 2020 em um frigorífico de abate localizado na Mesorregião Norte Mato-Grossense - Brasil. Os dados foram conduzidos à ANOVA e pelo Teste deTukey (α=0,05). Foi realizado também, o estudo de pro-porções como base estatística para calcular a porcentagem das destinações e da quantidade total de carcaças suínas conde-nadas. As médias das carcaças condenadas, liberadas e aproveitadas apresentam diferença estatística (p<0,05) entre os meses estudados. Sendo as médias mensais 112,25 carcaças condenadas, (64,25 liberação, 35 aproveitadas condicionalmente e 13 destinadas para a graxaria). No total de carcaças condenadas por canibalismo, constatou-se valores de 57,28% para libera-ção, 31,18% destinadas a aproveitamento condicional e 11,58% destinadas à graxaria, onde se observou maior incidência no mês de março. A incidência de canibalismo pode ser considerada baixa em relação a quantidade de animais abatidos em um período de quatro meses. Contudo, o impacto econômico deve ser levado em consideração, porque a perda por con-denação total e por aproveitamento condicional provocam prejuízos financeiros significativos. Além disso, os ambientes de produção desconfortáveis apresentam fatores intimamente relacionados ao canibalismo, sendo de difícil controle após o início do surto. Portanto, a incidência de canibalismo pode influenciar no rendimento final da carcaça de suínos abati-dos em fase de terminação.

Condemnation of pork carcasses by cannibalism in slaughterhouse from Northern Mesoregion Mato-grossense, Brazil / Condenações de carcaças suínas por canibalismo em frigorífico de abate na mesorregião norte Mato-grossense, Brasil

Among the disturbances resulting from stress is cannibalism, in the confinement of swines, it is caused by suffering environmental disturbances. Therefore, the aimed of this study was to analyze the rates of condemnation of swine carcasses for cannibalism in the period from January to April 2020 in a slaughterhouse located in the Northern Mesoregion Mato-grossense - Brazil. Data were conducted using ANOVA and Tukey Test (α=0.05). The study of proportions was also carried out as a statistical basis to calculate the percentage of destinations and the total amount of condemned swine carcasses. The averages of the condemned, released and used carcasses show a statistical difference (p<0.05) between the months studied. The monthly averages were 112.25 condemned carcasses (64.25 released, 35 used conditionally and 13 destined for rendering). In the total of carcasses condemned for cannibalism, there were values of 57.28% for release, 31.18% for conditional use and 11.58% for rendering, with a higher incidence in March. The incidence of cannibalism can be considered low in relation to the number of animals slaughtered in a four-month period. However, the economic impact must be taken into account, because the loss due to total conviction and conditional use cause significant financial losses. In addition, uncomfortable production environments have factors closely related to cannibalism, being difficult to control after the outbreak begins. Therefore, the incidence of cannibalism can influence the final carcass yield of swines slaughtered in the finishing phase.(AU)

Dentre os distúrbios decorrentes do estresse está o canibalismo, no confinamento de suínos se dá por sofrer dis-túrbios ambientais. Diante disso, o objetivo desse estudo foi analisar os índices de condenação de carcaças suínas por cani-balismo no período de janeiro a abril de 2020 em um frigorífico de abate localizado na Mesorregião Norte Mato-Grossense - Brasil. Os dados foram conduzidos à ANOVA e pelo Teste deTukey (α=0,05). Foi realizado também, o estudo de pro-porções como base estatística para calcular a porcentagem das destinações e da quantidade total de carcaças suínas conde-nadas. As médias das carcaças condenadas, liberadas e aproveitadas apresentam diferença estatística (p<0,05) entre os meses estudados. Sendo as médias mensais 112,25 carcaças condenadas, (64,25 liberação, 35 aproveitadas condicionalmente e 13 destinadas para a graxaria). No total de carcaças condenadas por canibalismo, constatou-se valores de 57,28% para libera-ção, 31,18% destinadas a aproveitamento condicional e 11,58% destinadas à graxaria, onde se observou maior incidência no mês de março. A incidência de canibalismo pode ser considerada baixa em relação a quantidade de animais abatidos em um período de quatro meses. Contudo, o impacto econômico deve ser levado em consideração, porque a perda por con-denação total e por aproveitamento condicional provocam prejuízos financeiros significativos. Além disso, os ambientes de produção desconfortáveis apresentam fatores intimamente relacionados ao canibalismo, sendo de difícil controle após o início do surto. Portanto, a incidência de canibalismo pode influenciar no rendimento final da carcaça de suínos abati-dos em fase de terminação.(AU)

Physiological and behavioral responses of feedlot sheep with and without access to artificial shade / Respostas fisiológicas e comportamentais de ovinos mestiços confinados com e sem acesso ao sombreamento artificial

Artificial shading is widely used to provide thermal comfort to animals and has been extensively researched due to its relationship with their welfare and performance. This study examines the physiological and behavioral traits of sheep in a feedlot system with and without access to shade. Twenty male Santa Inês × Dorper crossbred sheep with an initial average weight of 25 kg were used in the experiment. The animals were kept in two collective stalls, one of which was equipped with a polypropylene mesh shade net with 80% light interception capacity. The experiment was conducted in the feedlot of the Fazenda Escola farm at UEG, São Luís de Montes Belos Campus, state of Goiás, Brazil. Environmental indices (ambient temperature, relative humidity, temperature-humidity index), respiratory rate (RR), rectal temperature (RT) and surface temperature (ST) were measured once weekly and behavioral assessments were performed one day after the physiological assessment, between 07h00 and 19h00. The following behaviors were evaluated: feeding, rumination, rest/sleep, social, play and anomalous activities. There were no significant differences for the analyzed variables and treatments. Animals with access to shade had the following physiological results: RR - 75.06 mov. min-¹; ST - 33.03 ºC; and RT - 39.21 ºC. Those without access to shade, in turn, showed the following indices: RR - 81.52 mov. min-¹; ST - 33.45 ºC; and RT - 39.43 ºC. The evaluated behaviors did not differ significantly, averaging 226.11 and 225.44 min (feeding), 153.33 and 149.44 min (rumination), 341.39 and 339.72 min (rest/sleep) and 152.50 and 154.72 min (other activities) recorded in the sheep with and without access to shade, respectively. Despite the lack of differences between the analyzed responses, the animals with access to artificial shade showed greater comfort, welfare and quality of life.

O sombreamento artificial é muito utilizado para proporcionar conforto térmico aos animais, e tem sido muito estudado em função da sua relação com o bem-estar e desempenho dos mesmos. Objetivou-se avaliar as características fisiológicas e comportamentais de ovinos em sistema de confinamento com e sem acesso a sombra. Foram avaliados 20 ovinos machos mestiços Santa Inês x Dorper com peso médio inicial de 25 Kg, mantidos em duas baias coletivas, com implantação do sombrite de malha de polipropileno, 80% de interceptação luminosa em uma das baias. O experimento foi conduzido no confinamento da Fazenda Escola da UEG, Campus São Luís de Montes Belos, Goiás, Brasil. Avaliações ambientais, temperatura ambiente (TA), umidade relativa do ar (UR), índice de temperatura e umidade (ITU), frequência respiratória (FR) e de superfície (TS) foram realizadas uma vez por semana e avaliações de comportamento foram realizadas um dia após a avaliação fisiológica, entre 7h e 19h. Os comportamentos avaliados foram o alimentar, ruminação, descanso e sono, social, lúdico e anormal. Em relação aos resultados obtidos, não apresentaram diferença significativa em relação as variáveis e tratamentos analisados. Os animais com acesso a sombra apresentaram em relação à FR, TS e TR, valores de 75,06 mov. min-¹, 33,03ºC e 39,21ºC, respectivamente, enquanto os animais sem acesso ao sombreamento apresentaram 81,52 mov. min-¹, 33,45ºC de TS e 39,43ºC de TC. Os comportamentos avaliados não diferiram significativamente, com médias em minutos para os comportamentos alimentar de 226,11 e 225,44, ruminação de 153,33 e 149,44, descanso e sono de 341,39 e 339,72 e outras atividades de 152,50 e 154,72, para os animais com e sem acesso ao sombreamento, respectivamente. Apesar de não observar diferenças entre as respostas analisadas, pode-se observar um maior conforto, bem-estar e qualidade de vida para os animais com acesso ao sombreamento artificial.

Physiological and behavioral responses of feedlot sheep with and without access to artificial shade / Respostas fisiológicas e comportamentais de ovinos mestiços confinados com e sem acesso ao sombreamento artificial

Artificial shading is widely used to provide thermal comfort to animals and has been extensively researched due to its relationship with their welfare and performance. This study examines the physiological and behavioral traits of sheep in a feedlot system with and without access to shade. Twenty male Santa Inês × Dorper crossbred sheep with an initial average weight of 25 kg were used in the experiment. The animals were kept in two collective stalls, one of which was equipped with a polypropylene mesh shade net with 80% light interception capacity. The experiment was conducted in the feedlot of the Fazenda Escola farm at UEG, São Luís de Montes Belos Campus, state of Goiás, Brazil. Environmental indices (ambient temperature, relative humidity, temperature-humidity index), respiratory rate (RR), rectal temperature (RT) and surface temperature (ST) were measured once weekly and behavioral assessments were performed one day after the physiological assessment, between 07h00 and 19h00. The following behaviors were evaluated: feeding, rumination, rest/sleep, social, play and anomalous activities. There were no significant differences for the analyzed variables and treatments. Animals with access to shade had the following physiological results: RR - 75.06 mov. min-¹; ST - 33.03 ºC; and RT - 39.21 ºC. Those without access to shade, in turn, showed the following indices: RR - 81.52 mov. min-¹; ST - 33.45 ºC; and RT - 39.43 ºC. The evaluated behaviors did not differ significantly, averaging 226.11 and 225.44 min (feeding), 153.33 and 149.44 min (rumination), 341.39 and 339.72 min (rest/sleep) and 152.50 and 154.72 min (other activities) recorded in the sheep with and without access to shade, respectively. Despite the lack of differences between the analyzed responses, the animals with access to artificial shade showed greater comfort, welfare and quality of life.(AU)

O sombreamento artificial é muito utilizado para proporcionar conforto térmico aos animais, e tem sido muito estudado em função da sua relação com o bem-estar e desempenho dos mesmos. Objetivou-se avaliar as características fisiológicas e comportamentais de ovinos em sistema de confinamento com e sem acesso a sombra. Foram avaliados 20 ovinos machos mestiços Santa Inês x Dorper com peso médio inicial de 25 Kg, mantidos em duas baias coletivas, com implantação do sombrite de malha de polipropileno, 80% de interceptação luminosa em uma das baias. O experimento foi conduzido no confinamento da Fazenda Escola da UEG, Campus São Luís de Montes Belos, Goiás, Brasil. Avaliações ambientais, temperatura ambiente (TA), umidade relativa do ar (UR), índice de temperatura e umidade (ITU), frequência respiratória (FR) e de superfície (TS) foram realizadas uma vez por semana e avaliações de comportamento foram realizadas um dia após a avaliação fisiológica, entre 7h e 19h. Os comportamentos avaliados foram o alimentar, ruminação, descanso e sono, social, lúdico e anormal. Em relação aos resultados obtidos, não apresentaram diferença significativa em relação as variáveis e tratamentos analisados. Os animais com acesso a sombra apresentaram em relação à FR, TS e TR, valores de 75,06 mov. min-¹, 33,03ºC e 39,21ºC, respectivamente, enquanto os animais sem acesso ao sombreamento apresentaram 81,52 mov. min-¹, 33,45ºC de TS e 39,43ºC de TC. Os comportamentos avaliados não diferiram significativamente, com médias em minutos para os comportamentos alimentar de 226,11 e 225,44, ruminação de 153,33 e 149,44, descanso e sono de 341,39 e 339,72 e outras atividades de 152,50 e 154,72, para os animais com e sem acesso ao sombreamento, respectivamente. Apesar de não observar diferenças entre as respostas analisadas, pode-se observar um maior conforto, bem-estar e qualidade de vida para os animais com acesso ao sombreamento artificial.(AU)

Hérnia diafragmática peritoneopericárdica em um felino da raça Persa / Peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia in a Persian cat

Background: Peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia is a congenital defect characterized by an anomalous communication between the abdominal cavity and pericardial sac, which can lead to displacement of the abdominal viscera into the thoracic cavity. The occurrence in felines is higher among long-haired breeds, mainly the Persian breed, possibly based onan autosomal recessive inheritance. The diagnosis of PPDH is performed by means of chest radiography with or without contrast, in association with other imaging tests such as ultrasonography and echocardiography. Our objective in this study was to report the occurrence and macroscopic changes in a case of peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia in a Persian feline. Case: A 9-year-old male Persian cat weighing 3.4 kg was referred to the HPET-Private Veterinary Clinic, Salvador, Bahia, with an history of weight loss and chronic intermittent vomiting during the preceding 6 months, with lateral decubitus and breathing difficulties. Ultrasonography revealed findings suggestive of an infiltrative process in the stomach and duodenum, enlarged gastric lymph nodes, and some nodular images indicating slight displacement of the liver. Chest radiography revealed a cardiac silhouette with markedly enlarged dimensions associated with a dorsal deviation of the terminal trachea, and echocardiography revealed a small amount of pericardial effusion. The patient showed initial clinical improvement after blood transfusion; however, after 2 days, he exhibited significant clinical worsening and was therefore euthanized with the owner's consent. Post mortem evaluation revealed partial herniation of the liver and gallbladder into the chest cavity through a diaphragmatic hernia ring. The heart was partially surrounded by the left medial lobe of the liver, which was displaced into the pericardial sac. Herniated hepatic lobes had an irregular capsular surface with evident lobulation and tension lipidosis. In the abdominal cavity, the remainder of the liver (right lateral and medial lobes) was observed to be slightly enlarged, with an irregular surface, diffusely reddish with intense evidence of the lobular pattern and white and firm multifocal areas (fibrosis). In the duodenum, close to the pylorus, there was a nodule measuring 2.8 x 2.5 x 1.0 cm, with a whitish and ulcerated surface. When cut, it was soft and exhibited a homogeneous, whitish compact surface. Histopathological examinationshowed marked proliferation of fibrous connective tissue, which for the most part separated the lobes by septa and surrounded the portal space (fibrosis), a marked diffuse chronic inflammatory infiltrate composed of lymphocytes and plasma cells. In addition, marked bile duct hyperplasia and multifocal areas of fatty degeneration (steatosis). Discussion: The diagnosis was based on the association of clinical and pathological findings. Considering the age and clinical signs presented by the patient in this report, as well as the presence of few radiographic signs that were indicative of PPDH, the first differential diagnosis thought was pericardial neoplasia. Peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia in felines is always of congenital origin and may occur asymptomatically depending on the number and involvement of herniated viscera. In this case, the patient's diagnosis of peritoneopericardial hernia was a necropsy finding; the fact that in agreement with previous reports of high rates of incidental diagnoses reinforces the importance of performing necropsy for confirmation or diagnosis of unexpected pathologies. In the present case, peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia in isolation may not have led to severe anemia that culminated in the patient's death. The anatomopathological findings were compatible with biliary cirrhosis and multifocal liver fibrosis, accompanied by the presence of anemia and consequent hypovolemia.

Clinical and anatomopathological descriptions of dog with arterious Hemitruncus: case report / [Descrições clínicas e anatomopatológicas de cão com hemitruncus arterioso: relato de caso

The anomalous origin of the pulmonary trunk in the ascending aorta, defined as arterious hemitruncus, is a rare congenital malformation in dogs, caused by a defect in the spiral septum. Thus, given the unusual occurrence in the canine species, the systemic severity and the high lethality, the aim of this study was to describe this heart disease in a three-month-old male German Spitz puppy, emphasizing clinical changes of the necropsy and microscopics. The animal had cyanosis, dyspnea and weakness and was forwarded for necropsy after sudden death. Numerous changes were detected in the post-mortem examination, including in the heart, as cardiomegaly and absence of the arterial ligament, which was replaced by the complete fusion between the ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk, after leaving both the left and right ventricles, respectively and, among the microscopic findings, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy stood out. The association of these findings with the history indicated the diagnosis of arterious hemitruncus followed by cardiorespiratory failure, emphasizing the importance of out complementary cardiological exams in young symptomatic patients for the survival of those affected. Arterious hemitruncus, although rare, must be added in the differential diagnosis of other heart diseases that cause similar clinical signs.(AU)

A origem anômala do tronco pulmonar em aorta ascendente, definida como hemitruncus arterioso, é uma malformação congênita rara em cães, causada por defeito no septo espiral. Assim, diante da ocorrência incomum na espécie canina, da gravidade sistêmica e da alta letalidade, o objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever essa doença cardíaca em um filhote de três meses de idade, macho, Spitz Alemão, enfatizando as alterações clínicas, de necropsia e microscópicas. O animal apresentava cianose, dispneia e fraqueza e foi encaminhado para necropsia após morte súbita. Inúmeras alterações foram detectadas no exame post-mortem, inclusive no coração, como cardiomegalia e ausência do ligamento arterioso, o qual foi substituído pela fusão completa entre aorta ascendente e tronco pulmonar, após a saída de ambas dos ventrículos esquerdo e direito, respectivamente, e, dentre os achados microscópicos, destacou-se a hipertrofia de cardiomiócitos. A associação desses achados com o histórico indicou o diagnóstico de hemitruncus arterioso seguido de insuficiência cardiorrespiratória, ressaltando-se a importância de exames complementares cardiológicos em pacientes jovens sintomáticos na sobrevida dos acometidos. O hemitruncus arterioso, apesar de raro, deve ser acrescido no diagnóstico diferencial de outras cardiopatias que causam sinais clínicos similares.(AU)

Abordagem transcirúrgica e acompanhamento pós-operatório de um canino com um shunt esplênico-azigos / Transurgical approach and postoperative follow-up of a canine with a splenic-azygos shunt

Background: The most frequent hepatic circulatory abnormality in dogs is the portosystemic shunt, characterized by an atypical deviation of the hepatic blood flow, that causes the blood that should be drained by the liver through the portal vein to be diverted to another systemic vein, as a result of the presence of the anomalous vessel. This diversion leads to reduced hepatic blood flow and, consequently, organ dysfunction, along with the accumulation of many toxins in the circulation, for instance, ammonia and short-chain fatty acids. The main objective of this paper is to Report the clinical case of a canine female diagnosed with an extrahepatic portosystemic shunt and submitted to surgical treatment using an ameroid constrictor ring in the obstruction of the anomalous vessel. Case: A canine Shih-Tzu, at the age of 1 year and 8 months, was brought to the Veterinary Hospital presenting a history of emesis and smaller body structure than other animals from the same litter. The animal had been diagnosed with portosystemic shunt at age 1 month, by means of complementary biochemistry, ultrasonography and computed tomography examinations. The latter identified the anomalous vessel, which originated from the left gastric vein and was inserted into the azygos vein in the portohepatic region. During the surgical intervention, after median pre-retro-umbilical celiotomy, a calibrous vessel was identified, coming out of the junction of two splenic veins and a gastric vein that penetrated the diaphragm and connected to the azygos vein in the thorax before flowing into the vena cava

Abordagem transcirúrgica e acompanhamento pós-operatório de um canino com um shunt esplênico-azigos / Transurgical approach and postoperative follow-up of a canine with a splenic-azygos shunt

Background: The most frequent hepatic circulatory abnormality in dogs is the portosystemic shunt, characterized by an atypical deviation of the hepatic blood flow, that causes the blood that should be drained by the liver through the portal vein to be diverted to another systemic vein, as a result of the presence of the anomalous vessel. This diversion leads to reduced hepatic blood flow and, consequently, organ dysfunction, along with the accumulation of many toxins in the circulation, for instance, ammonia and short-chain fatty acids. The main objective of this paper is to Report the clinical case of a canine female diagnosed with an extrahepatic portosystemic shunt and submitted to surgical treatment using an ameroid constrictor ring in the obstruction of the anomalous vessel. Case: A canine Shih-Tzu, at the age of 1 year and 8 months, was brought to the Veterinary Hospital presenting a history of emesis and smaller body structure than other animals from the same litter. The animal had been diagnosed with portosystemic shunt at age 1 month, by means of complementary biochemistry, ultrasonography and computed tomography examinations. The latter identified the anomalous vessel, which originated from the left gastric vein and was inserted into the azygos vein in the portohepatic region. During the surgical intervention, after median pre-retro-umbilical celiotomy, a calibrous vessel was identified, coming out of the junction of two splenic veins and a gastric vein that penetrated the diaphragm and connected to the azygos vein in the thorax before flowing into the vena cava…(AU)

Abordagem clínico-cirúrgica de desvio portossistêmico congênito em pequenos animais: quais as novidades? / Clinical and surgical approach of congenital portosystemic shunt in small animals: are there new informations?

Foi realizada uma revisão sobre a fisiopatogenia, sinais clínicos, diagnóstico e principais tratamentos e técnicas para o desvio portossistêmico em pequenos animais. As fontes pesquisadas foram: CAB, MEDILINE por um período retrospectivo de 20 anos e acervos da Biblioteca da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ) da Universidade de São Paulo (USP). O desvio portossistêmico congênito (DPSC) é uma das anormalidades vasculares mais comuns em cães, as raças de pequeno porte apresentam maior incidência. Os DPSCs em cães e gatos são comunicações vasculares que ocorrem do sistema venoso portal para o sistema venoso sistêmico, ou seja, fazem uma via secundária. Há dois tipos de DPSCs, intra-hepático e extra-hepático, observados com frequência em raças de grande porte e miniaturas, respectivamente. O diagnóstico é baseado no histórico de animais jovens com retardo de crescimento, letargia, convulsão ou distúrbio de comportamento principalmente após alimentação, retorno demorado de anestesia ou sedação, crise de encefalopatia hepática, em raças predispostas. A confirmação do vaso anômalo é realizada pela ultrassonografia com doppler, angiografia por tomografia computadorizada ou por ressonância magnética.(AU)

It was performed a review of pathophysiology, clinical signs, diagnostic and main treatments and techniques for portosystemic shunts in small animals. The researched Sources were: a 20 years retrospective research of CAB, MEDILINE and collection of Faculty of MedicineVeterinary and Animal Science (FMVZ) of the Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Congenital portossystemic shunts (CPSS) are one of the vascular abnormalities more common in dogs. Small breeds are the most affected. The CPSS in dogs and cats, are vascular communications between portal venous system and systemic venous system, in other words, a secondary via. There are two types of CPSS, the intrahepatic and extrahepatic shunts, observed in large and small breeds, respectively. The diagnosis is based on clinical findings of young dogs referring delayed development, lethargy, convulsions, behavior disturbances mainly after food ingestion, poor recovery after anesthesia or sedation, hepatic encephalopathy crisis observed breeds with predisposition. Definitive diagnosis of CPSS is done by abdominal doppler ultrasonography, computed tomography angiography or magnetic resonance. Medical management can alleviate signs of hepatic encephalopathy. However, long term treatment is questionable because blood circulation is still bypassing liver to systemic circulation, leading to disturbance of hepatotropic factors distribution to the liver, resulting in liver atrophy. The only definitive treatment is the surgical one. The ideal technique is the progressive attenuation of anomalous vessel and avoid acute portal hypertension. Within the described techniques for surgical treatment, the use of ameroid constrictor represents the safest way of vessel closure. On the other way, some CPS patients can suffer severe perioperative complications. So they need specific clinical and surgical approaches associated to precise image diagnostic to correct localization of the anomalous vessel and surgical success.(AU)

Abordagem clínico-cirúrgica de desvio portossistêmico congênito em pequenos animais: quais as novidades? / Clinical and surgical approach of congenital portosystemic shunt in small animals: are there new informations?

Foi realizada uma revisão sobre a fisiopatogenia, sinais clínicos, diagnóstico e principais tratamentos e técnicas para o desvio portossistêmico em pequenos animais. As fontes pesquisadas foram: CAB, MEDILINE por um período retrospectivo de 20 anos e acervos da Biblioteca da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ) da Universidade de São Paulo (USP). O desvio portossistêmico congênito (DPSC) é uma das anormalidades vasculares mais comuns em cães, as raças de pequeno porte apresentam maior incidência. Os DPSCs em cães e gatos são comunicações vasculares que ocorrem do sistema venoso portal para o sistema venoso sistêmico, ou seja, fazem uma via secundária. Há dois tipos de DPSCs, intra-hepático e extra-hepático, observados com frequência em raças de grande porte e miniaturas, respectivamente. O diagnóstico é baseado no histórico de animais jovens com retardo de crescimento, letargia, convulsão ou distúrbio de comportamento principalmente após alimentação, retorno demorado de anestesia ou sedação, crise de encefalopatia hepática, em raças predispostas. A confirmação do vaso anômalo é realizada pela ultrassonografia com doppler, angiografia por tomografia computadorizada ou por ressonância magnética.

It was performed a review of pathophysiology, clinical signs, diagnostic and main treatments and techniques for portosystemic shunts in small animals. The researched Sources were: a 20 years retrospective research of CAB, MEDILINE and collection of Faculty of MedicineVeterinary and Animal Science (FMVZ) of the Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Congenital portossystemic shunts (CPSS) are one of the vascular abnormalities more common in dogs. Small breeds are the most affected. The CPSS in dogs and cats, are vascular communications between portal venous system and systemic venous system, in other words, a secondary via. There are two types of CPSS, the intrahepatic and extrahepatic shunts, observed in large and small breeds, respectively. The diagnosis is based on clinical findings of young dogs referring delayed development, lethargy, convulsions, behavior disturbances mainly after food ingestion, poor recovery after anesthesia or sedation, hepatic encephalopathy crisis observed breeds with predisposition. Definitive diagnosis of CPSS is done by abdominal doppler ultrasonography, computed tomography angiography or magnetic resonance. Medical management can alleviate signs of hepatic encephalopathy. However, long term treatment is questionable because blood circulation is still bypassing liver to systemic circulation, leading to disturbance of hepatotropic factors distribution to the liver, resulting in liver atrophy. The only definitive treatment is the surgical one. The ideal technique is the progressive attenuation of anomalous vessel and avoid acute portal hypertension. Within the described techniques for surgical treatment, the use of ameroid constrictor represents the safest way of vessel closure. On the other way, some CPS patients can suffer severe perioperative complications. So they need specific clinical and surgical approaches associated to precise image diagnostic to correct localization of the anomalous vessel and surgical success.

Productive, behavioral and physiological performance of feedlot Guzerat and ½ Guzerat × ½ Aberdeen Angus cattle / Desempenho produtivo, comportamentais e fisiológico de bovinos Guzerá e ½ Guzerá x ½ Aberdeen Angus criados em confinamento

The objective of this study was to compare the productive, behavioral and physiological performance of feedlot Guzerat and ½ Guzerat × ½ Aberdeen Angus cattle. The experiment was conducted in a commercial feedlot for 80 days, between April and June 2016. Fifteen male Guzerat and 15 male ½ Guzerat-Aberdeen Angus cattle, both at the same age, with respective average initial weights of 381.27 and 401.34 ± 54.70 kg, were used. The animals were kept in collective pens, one for each breed group, with 14 m2 available per animal. Environmental conditions, respiratory frequency and behavior were evaluated for 12h00, starting at 06h00 and ending at 18h00. Feeding, rumination, rest, other activities and social, body care, anomalous, playful and locomotion behavior were observed. To examine the productive responses, initial weight, final weight, average daily weight gain, total weight gain, carcass yield, conformation and fatness were measured. Behaviors referring to feeding, rumination and other activities did not differ between the breed groups, except for the rest, playful and locomotion behaviors. A significant difference was detected (p < 0.05) for respiratory frequency and productive characteristics between the breed groups. In conclusion, ½ Guzerat × ½ Aberdeen Angus were superior to Guzerat cattle in productive performance. However, for behavioral and physiological variables, Guzerat animals exhibited better performance.

Objetivou-se comparar o desempenho produtivo, comportamental e fisiológico de bovinos Guzerá e ½ Guzerá x ½ Aberdeen Angus criados em confinamento. O experimento foi conduzido em um confinamento comercial, durante 80 dias, entre os meses de Abril e Junho de 2016. Utilizaram-se 15 bovinos machos Guzerá e 15 machos ½ Guzerá-Aberdeen Angus, ambos com a mesma idade, com peso inicial médio de 381,27 e 401,34 ± 54,70kg, respectivamente. Os animais foram mantidos em baias coletivas, sendo uma para cada grupo racial, com 14 m² disponíveis por animal. Quinzenalmente foram realizadas avaliações ambientais, frequência respiratória e avaliação de comportamento realizada com 12h00 de duração, tendo início às 6h00 e término às 18h00. Observaram-se o comportamento alimentar, ruminação, descanso, outras atividades, social, cuidados corporais, anormal, lúdico e locomoção. Para verificação das respostas produtivas foi identificado o peso inicial, peso final, ganho de peso médio diário, ganho de peso total, rendimento de carcaça, conformação e acabamento. Os comportamentos referentes à alimentação, ruminação e outras atividades não diferiram em função do grupo genético, observando diferença nos comportamentos de descanso, lúdico e locomoção. Foi verificado diferença significativa (p < 0,05) entre a frequência respiratória e características produtivas dos diferentes grupos genéticos. Conclui-se que os bovinos ½ Guzerá x ½ Aberdeen Angus apresentaram desempenho produtivo superior aos bovinos da raça Guzerá. Entretanto, para a variável comportamental e fisiológica os animais da raça Guzerá apresentaram melhor desempenho.

Productive, behavioral and physiological performance of feedlot Guzerat and ½ Guzerat × ½ Aberdeen Angus cattle / Desempenho produtivo, comportamentais e fisiológico de bovinos Guzerá e ½ Guzerá x ½ Aberdeen Angus criados em confinamento

The objective of this study was to compare the productive, behavioral and physiological performance of feedlot Guzerat and ½ Guzerat × ½ Aberdeen Angus cattle. The experiment was conducted in a commercial feedlot for 80 days, between April and June 2016. Fifteen male Guzerat and 15 male ½ Guzerat-Aberdeen Angus cattle, both at the same age, with respective average initial weights of 381.27 and 401.34 ± 54.70 kg, were used. The animals were kept in collective pens, one for each breed group, with 14 m2 available per animal. Environmental conditions, respiratory frequency and behavior were evaluated for 12h00, starting at 06h00 and ending at 18h00. Feeding, rumination, rest, other activities and social, body care, anomalous, playful and locomotion behavior were observed. To examine the productive responses, initial weight, final weight, average daily weight gain, total weight gain, carcass yield, conformation and fatness were measured. Behaviors referring to feeding, rumination and other activities did not differ between the breed groups, except for the rest, playful and locomotion behaviors. A significant difference was detected (p < 0.05) for respiratory frequency and productive characteristics between the breed groups. In conclusion, ½ Guzerat × ½ Aberdeen Angus were superior to Guzerat cattle in productive performance. However, for behavioral and physiological variables, Guzerat animals exhibited better performance.(AU)

Objetivou-se comparar o desempenho produtivo, comportamental e fisiológico de bovinos Guzerá e ½ Guzerá x ½ Aberdeen Angus criados em confinamento. O experimento foi conduzido em um confinamento comercial, durante 80 dias, entre os meses de Abril e Junho de 2016. Utilizaram-se 15 bovinos machos Guzerá e 15 machos ½ Guzerá-Aberdeen Angus, ambos com a mesma idade, com peso inicial médio de 381,27 e 401,34 ± 54,70kg, respectivamente. Os animais foram mantidos em baias coletivas, sendo uma para cada grupo racial, com 14 m² disponíveis por animal. Quinzenalmente foram realizadas avaliações ambientais, frequência respiratória e avaliação de comportamento realizada com 12h00 de duração, tendo início às 6h00 e término às 18h00. Observaram-se o comportamento alimentar, ruminação, descanso, outras atividades, social, cuidados corporais, anormal, lúdico e locomoção. Para verificação das respostas produtivas foi identificado o peso inicial, peso final, ganho de peso médio diário, ganho de peso total, rendimento de carcaça, conformação e acabamento. Os comportamentos referentes à alimentação, ruminação e outras atividades não diferiram em função do grupo genético, observando diferença nos comportamentos de descanso, lúdico e locomoção. Foi verificado diferença significativa (p < 0,05) entre a frequência respiratória e características produtivas dos diferentes grupos genéticos. Conclui-se que os bovinos ½ Guzerá x ½ Aberdeen Angus apresentaram desempenho produtivo superior aos bovinos da raça Guzerá. Entretanto, para a variável comportamental e fisiológica os animais da raça Guzerá apresentaram melhor desempenho.(AU)

Compared activity of agonist molecules towards ecdysone receptor in insect cell-based screening system / Comparação da atividade de moléculas agonistas em relação ao receptor de ecdisona em um sistema de triagem baseado em linhagens celulares de insetos

The ecdysone receptor, naturally activated by steroidal hormones, is a key protein for molting and reproduction processes of insects. Artificial activation of such receptor by specific pesticides induces an anomalous process of ecdysis, causing death of insects by desiccation and starvation. In this paper, we established a protocol for screening agonistic molecules towards ecdysone receptor of insect cells line S2 (Diptera) and Sf9 (Lepidoptera), transfected with the reporter plasmid ere.b.act.luc. Therefore, we set dose-response curves with the ecdysteroid 20-hydroxyecdysone, the phytoecdysteroid ponasterone-A, and tebufenozide, a pesticide belonging to the class of diacylhydrazines. In both cell lines, the median effective concentration values on reporter gene induction (EC50) of ponasterone-A was the smallest, meaning the most active agonist molecule. In Sf9 cells, tebufenozide had as smaller EC50 than 20-hydroxyecdysone, indicating the high agonistic capability and lepidopteran specificity. The protocol established in this study can be useful for a quick screening and rational research of site-specific pesticides.(AU)

O receptor de ecdisona, naturalmente ativado por hormônios esteroidais, é uma proteína-chave nos processos de muda e reprodução de insetos. A ativação artificial desse receptor por meio de pesticidas específicos induz um processo de ecdise anômala, levando o inseto à morte por dessecação e inanição. Neste trabalho, foi estabelecido um protocolo para a triagem de moléculas agonistas em relação ao receptor de ecdisona nas linhagens celulares responsivas S2 (Diptera) e Sf9 (Lepidoptera), transfectadas com o plasmídeo repórter ere.b.act.luc. Para tanto, curvas de dose-resposta foram estabelecidas com o ecdisteroide 20-hidroxiecdisona, o fitoecdisteroide ponasterona-A e tebufenozida, um pesticida pertencente à classe das diacilhidrazinas. Em ambas linhagens celulares, os valores médios de concentração efetiva para indução gênica (EC50) ponasterona-A foram menores, significando que este é o agonista mais potente. Em células Sf9, a tebufenozida apresentou EC50 menor que a 20-hidroxiecdisona, indicando uma alta atividade agonista e especificidade deste inseticida a lepidópteros. O protocolo estabelecido neste trabalho pode ser utilizado para uma rápida triagem e busca racional de pesticidas de alvo bioquímico específico.(AU)

Compared activity of agonist molecules towards ecdysone receptor in insect cell-based screening system / Comparação da atividade de moléculas agonistas em relação ao receptor de ecdisona em um sistema de triagem baseado em linhagens celulares de insetos

The ecdysone receptor, naturally activated by steroidal hormones, is a key protein for molting and reproduction processes of insects. Artificial activation of such receptor by specific pesticides induces an anomalous process of ecdysis, causing death of insects by desiccation and starvation. In this paper, we established a protocol for screening agonistic molecules towards ecdysone receptor of insect cells line S2 (Diptera) and Sf9 (Lepidoptera), transfected with the reporter plasmid ere.b.act.luc. Therefore, we set dose-response curves with the ecdysteroid 20-hydroxyecdysone, the phytoecdysteroid ponasterone-A, and tebufenozide, a pesticide belonging to the class of diacylhydrazines. In both cell lines, the median effective concentration values on reporter gene induction (EC50) of ponasterone-A was the smallest, meaning the most active agonist molecule. In Sf9 cells, tebufenozide had as smaller EC50 than 20-hydroxyecdysone, indicating the high agonistic capability and lepidopteran specificity. The protocol established in this study can be useful for a quick screening and rational research of site-specific pesticides.(AU)

O receptor de ecdisona, naturalmente ativado por hormônios esteroidais, é uma proteína-chave nos processos de muda e reprodução de insetos. A ativação artificial desse receptor por meio de pesticidas específicos induz um processo de ecdise anômala, levando o inseto à morte por dessecação e inanição. Neste trabalho, foi estabelecido um protocolo para a triagem de moléculas agonistas em relação ao receptor de ecdisona nas linhagens celulares responsivas S2 (Diptera) e Sf9 (Lepidoptera), transfectadas com o plasmídeo repórter ere.b.act.luc. Para tanto, curvas de dose-resposta foram estabelecidas com o ecdisteroide 20-hidroxiecdisona, o fitoecdisteroide ponasterona-A e tebufenozida, um pesticida pertencente à classe das diacilhidrazinas. Em ambas linhagens celulares, os valores médios de concentração efetiva para indução gênica (EC50) ponasterona-A foram menores, significando que este é o agonista mais potente. Em células Sf9, a tebufenozida apresentou EC50 menor que a 20-hidroxiecdisona, indicando uma alta atividade agonista e especificidade deste inseticida a lepidópteros. O protocolo estabelecido neste trabalho pode ser utilizado para uma rápida triagem e busca racional de pesticidas de alvo bioquímico específico.(AU)

Ultrasonography and portography in the diagnosis of shunt portoazigos in a dog: case report / Ultrassonografia e portografia no diagnóstico de shunt portoázigos em um cão: relato de caso

Portosystemic shunt (PSS) is an anomalous vascular connection between the portal venous system and the systemic circulation. These deviations connect the main portal vein (PV) or some portal branches to the vena cava (VC) or, less commonly, to the azygos vein (AV). The purpose of this case report was to describe the diagnosis of PSS in a dog classified as porto-azygos. This diagnosis is considered uncommon compared to other portosystemic shunts using ultrasonography and portography. The subject was a male dog, Yorkshire, 8 months old, presented neurological signs characterized by head press, ataxia, tremors and episodes of temporary blindness and deafness. Ultrasonographic examination revealed a dilated and curved anomalous vessel with approximately 0.6cm of diameter and turbulent flow seen through pulsed and color Doppler, and segmental dilation of the azygos vein. The portography revealed enhancement by iodinated contrast in the jejunal vein, the portal vein and an anomalous vessel flowing towards the azygos vein in the craniodorsal region of the abdomen. The PSS was surgically corrected with an ameroid constrictor. Ultrasonography and portography were effective at detecting and characterizing the portoazygos shunt despite some limitations.(AU)

Shunt portossistêmico (SPS) é uma comunicação vascular anômala entre o sistema venoso portal e a circulação sistêmica. Esses desvios comunicam a VP ou alguma de suas tributárias à veia cava ou, menos comumente, à veia ázigos (VA). O objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever o diagnóstico, por meio de ultrassonografia e portografia, de um caso de shunt extra-hepático em cão, classificado como portoázigos e considerado incomum quando comparado aos demais tipos de desvio portossistêmico. Um cão, macho, raça Yorkshire, oito meses de idade, chegou ao Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais apresentando sinais neurológicos, caracterizados por andar apoiando a cabeça na parede, ataxia, tremores, episódios de cegueira e surdez. Ao exame ultrassonográfico, observou-se vaso anômalo calibroso e tortuoso de aproximadamente 0,6cm de diâmetro e fluxo turbulento ao Doppler pulsado e colorido, bem como dilatação segmentar da VA. A portografia revelou realce de contraste iodado em veia jejunal, porta e vaso anômalo (shunt) seguindo em direção à VA em região dorsal do abdômen. Foi realizada a correção cirúrgica do SPS por meio de anel ameroide. A ultrassonografia e a portografia foram eficientes na detecção e caracterização do shunt portoázigos, mesmo que com algumas limitações.(AU)

Congenital extrahepatic portosystemic deviation in a mixed-breed dog

Background: Portosystemic deviation (PSD) is a congenital or acquired vascular anomaly that allows an abnormal bloodflow from the portal vein directly to the systemic circulation. This liver by-pass avoids hepatic metabolism of severaltoxins. Congenital PSDs are usually solitary and extra-hepatic, with a high incidence in pure-breed dogs. Acquired PSDsare usually multiple and occur as a consequence of portal hypertension. Surgery is the definitive treatment. Cliniciansand surgeons may present difficulties in the propaedeutic of animals with PSD. This paper aims at reporting a successfulsurgical treatment of a solitary extra-hepatic congenital PSD in a mixed-breed dog.Case: A 7-month-old mixed-breed dog, female, spayed, weighing 8 kg, was presented with a history of sudden syncopeafter feeding. Complementary exams revealed normocytic hypochromic anaemia, hypoalbuminemia and increased alanineaminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase. Abdominal ultrasound revealed an anomalous vessel inserted in the caudalcava vein, compatible with a congenital extra-hepatic PSD. Computed tomography revealed the anomalous vessel, with1,1 cm of diameter, originated from the cranial mesenteric vein and it inserted in the cranial margin of the caudal cavavein. A medical support was started with hydration, metronidazole, lactulose, probiotic and Hepatic diet. After 15 days thedog was submitted to surgery and a 5 mm ameroid constrictor ring was placed to gradually close the anomalous vessel.The dog recovered well and an abdominal ultrasound was repeated after 30 days, showing the ameroid constrictor ringring in the left cranial abdominal region, occluding the PSD close to its insertion in the caudal cava vein...