Effect of tolfenamic acid in postpartum gilts and the performance of their piglets / Efeito do ácido tolfenâmico no pós-parto de leitoas e no desempenho da leitegada

Postpartum dysgalactia syndrome (PPDS) is a common disorder affecting sows in intensive production systems. In most cases, hypogalactia is not clearly identified and assumes a subclinical aspect. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) based on tolfenamic acid as a prophylactic treatment for PPDS and the performance of suckling piglets. Gilts (n = 319) were randomly divided into two groups: a tolfenamic acid group (n = 157) and a control (n = 162). The tolfenamic acid group received a single intramuscular injection (1 ml/20 kg of 4% tolfenamic acid) after farrowing, whereas the control group received no treatment. The occurrence of PPDS was confirmed. All piglets (n = 4,466) were weighed at 1, 4, and 18 days of age. All litters were evaluated for weight gain, the occurrence of diarrhea, and mortality between 4 and 18 days of age. PPDS variables were analyzed using logistic regression. Piglet weights were analyzed based on covariance while considering the effects of initial weight and the presence of diarrhea. Tolfenamic acid had no significant effect on the incidence of PPDS. The tolfenamic acid group had a 0.41% lower piglet mortality rate until 18 days of age. Tolfenamic acid administered prophylactically to gilts after farrowing reduced piglet mortality during lactation and promoted weight gain.

A síndrome da disgalactia pós-parto (PPDS) é uma doença comum e importante que afeta as matrizes suínas em sistemas intensivos de produção. Na maioria dos casos, a hipogalactia não é claramente identificada, assumindo um aspecto subclínico. Portanto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de um medicamento anti-inflamatório não esteroide (AINE) baseado em ácido tolfenâmico como tratamento profiláctico para PPDS e o desempenho de leitões em aleitamento. As leitoas (n = 319) foram divididas aleatoriamente em dois grupos de tratamento: um grupo de ácido tolfenâmico (n = 157) e um grupo de controle (n = 162). O grupo tratado recebeu uma única injeção intramuscular (1 ml/20 kg de 4% de ácido tolfenâmico) após o parto, enquanto que o grupo de controle não recebeu nenhum tratamento. A ocorrência de PPDS foi então verificada. Todos os leitões (n = 4466) foram pesados com 1, 4, e 18 dias de idade. Todas as leitegadas foram avaliadas quanto ao ganho de peso, ocorrência de diarreia e mortalidade entre os 4 e 18 dias de idade. As variáveis PPDS foram analisadas através de regressão logística. Os pesos de leitões foram analisados com base na covariância, considerando os efeitos do peso inicial e a presença de diarreia. Não houve efeito significativo do ácido tolfenâmico sobre a ocorrência de PPDS. O grupo do ácido tolfenâmico teve menos 0,41% de mortalidade dos leitões até aos 18 dias de idade. O ácido tolfenâmico administrado profilaticamente nas leitoas após o parto reduziu a mortalidade dos leitões durante a lactação e aumentou o ganho de peso nos leitões.

Analgesia perioperatória de gatas submetidas a ovariohisterectomia eletiva - uso preemptivo de carprofeno ou grapiprant / Perioperative analgesia in cats undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy - preemptive use of carprofen or grapiprant

Background: The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) exert their analgesic effect through peripheral inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis and a variety of other peripheral and central mechanisms. However, NSAIDs are associated with some adverse effects, mainly related to the gastrointestinal, renal, and hepatic systems, highlighting the need for research to develop safer drugs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of preoperative oral administration of carprofen or grapiprant in female cats submitted to elective ovariohysterectomy on the quality of perioperative analgesia and the need for hypnotic and analgesic drugs. Materials, Methods & Results: Thirty-three adult female cats were selected, without defined breed and healthy based on physical examination, routine laboratory analyses (complete blood count, total protein, Heinz body investigation and serum quantification of alanine transaminase [ALT], aspartate transaminase [AST], gamma glutamyl transpeptidase [GGT], alkaline phosphatase [ALP], urea, frutosamine, and glucose) and negative tests for feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV). After 3 days of adaptation, they were submitted to ovariohysterectomy by celiotomy and randomly allocated into 2 groups according to the preoperative drug used: GCAR [carprofen - 4 mg/kg, VO, 2 h before surgery; n = 11] and GGRA (grapiprant - 2 mg/kg IV, 2 h before surgery; n = 21]. The cats were pre-medicated with acepromazine 0.05 mg/ kg IV and later submitted to general anesthesia with propofol intravenously. Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in 100% oxygen. After anesthetic induction, a continuous infusion of remifentanil at a rate of 10 µg/kg/h was initiated. During the transanesthetic period, the parameters of heart rate; respiratory rate; systolic, mean, and diastolic arterial pressure using the oscillometric method; electrocardiogram; rectal temperature; partial pressure of CO2 at the end of expiration: and partial saturation of O2 in hemoglobin were continuously monitored. The evaluation of nociception was based on the changes in the aforementioned physiological parameters. The rate of remifentanil used did not change over time with the use of carprofen. However, animals that received grapiprant required a lower remifentanil dose at 20, 25, and 30 min during the procedure. The female cats that received carprofen showed an increase in mean heart rate at 30 min compared to that at 20 and 25 min. In the Grapiprant group, the heart rate at 35 min was higher only than that observed at 25 min. Discussion: The remifentanil rate did not differ between the groups, even between the times for GCAR. However, the remifentanil rate was lower from 20 min of the procedure for GGRA. This decrease may be related to a decrease in the need for anesthetics and analgesics by decreasing temperature, which causes decreases in metabolism and surgical stimulation. The increase in systolic, mean, diastolic, and heart rate arterial pressure parameters observed in both treatments after 15 min of anesthesia is related to the nociceptive stimulus resulting from traction and ligation of the ovarian pedicles and maneuvers for exteriorization of the uterus. These are considered the moments of greater surgical stimulus during ovariohysterectomy, evidenced by the greater release of cortisol and increase in physiological parameters. The results of this study show that the administration of carprofen or grapiprant was clinically similar when used preemptively for perioperative analgesia in cats submitted to elective ovariohysterectomy.

Down-regulation of complement genes in lipopolysaccharidechallenged zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae exposed to Indonesian propolis / Regulação negativa dos genes do complemento em larvas de peixe-zebra (Danio rerio) desafiadas com lipopolissacarídeo expostas à própolis indonésia

Although propolis has been reported for having anti-inflammatory activities, its effects on complement system has not been much studied. This research was conducted to find out the effects of Indonesian propolis on the expression levels of C3, C1r/s, Bf, MBL, and C6 in zebrafish larvae which were induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Counting of macrophages migrating to yolk sac and liver histology were carried out. Larvae were divided into four groups: CON (cultured in E3 medium only), LPS (cultured in a medium containing 0.5 μg/L LPS), LPSIBU (cultured in a medium containing LPS, and then treated with 100 μg/L ibuprofen for 24 hours), and LPSPRO (cultured in a medium containing LPS, and then immersed in 14,000 μg/L propolis for 24 hours) groups. The results showed that complement gene expression in larvae from the LPSIBU and LPSPRO groups were generally lower than in larvae from the LPS group. The number of macrophage migrations to the yolk in the LPSPRO group was also lower than in the LPS group. Histological structure of liver in all groups were considered normal. This study shows that Indonesian propolis has the potential to be used as an alternative to the substitution of NSAIDs.

Embora a própolis tenha sido relatada por ter atividade anti-inflamatória, seus efeitos no sistema complemento, uma parte do sistema imunológico inato, não foram muito estudados. Esta pesquisa foi conduzida para descobrir os efeitos da própolis da Indonésia nos níveis de expressão de C3, C1r/s, Bf, MBL e C6 em larvas de peixe-zebra induzidas por lipopolissacarídeo (LPS). Foram realizadas contagens de macrófagos que migram para o saco vitelino e histologia do fígado. As larvas foram divididas em quatro grupos: CON (cultivadas apenas em meio E3), LPS (cultivadas em meio contendo 0,5 μg/L de LPS), LPSIBU (cultivadas em meio contendo LPS e, em seguida, tratadas com 100 μg/L de ibuprofeno por 24 horas) e LPSPRO (cultivado em meio contendo LPS, e então imerso em própolis 14,000 μg/L por 24 horas). Os resultados mostraram que a expressão do gene do complemento em larvas dos grupos LPSIBU e LPSPRO foi geralmente menor que em larvas do grupo LPS. O número de migrações de macrófagos para a gema no grupo LPSPRO também foi menor que no grupo LPS. A estrutura histológica do fígado em todos os grupos foi considerada normal. Este estudo mostra que a própolis indonésia tem potencial para ser utilizada como alternativa na substituição dos AINEs (anti-inflamatórios não esteroides).

Down-regulation of complement genes in lipopolysaccharidechallenged zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae exposed to Indonesian propolis / Regulação negativa dos genes do complemento em larvas de peixe-zebra (Danio rerio) desafiadas com lipopolissacarídeo expostas à própolis indonésia

Although propolis has been reported for having anti-inflammatory activities, its effects on complement system has not been much studied. This research was conducted to find out the effects of Indonesian propolis on the expression levels of C3, C1r/s, Bf, MBL, and C6 in zebrafish larvae which were induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Counting of macrophages migrating to yolk sac and liver histology were carried out. Larvae were divided into four groups: CON (cultured in E3 medium only), LPS (cultured in a medium containing 0.5 μg/L LPS), LPSIBU (cultured in a medium containing LPS, and then treated with 100 μg/L ibuprofen for 24 hours), and LPSPRO (cultured in a medium containing LPS, and then immersed in 14,000 μg/L propolis for 24 hours) groups. The results showed that complement gene expression in larvae from the LPSIBU and LPSPRO groups were generally lower than in larvae from the LPS group. The number of macrophage migrations to the yolk in the LPSPRO group was also lower than in the LPS group. Histological structure of liver in all groups were considered normal. This study shows that Indonesian propolis has the potential to be used as an alternative to the substitution of NSAIDs.(AU)

Embora a própolis tenha sido relatada por ter atividade anti-inflamatória, seus efeitos no sistema complemento, uma parte do sistema imunológico inato, não foram muito estudados. Esta pesquisa foi conduzida para descobrir os efeitos da própolis da Indonésia nos níveis de expressão de C3, C1r/s, Bf, MBL e C6 em larvas de peixe-zebra induzidas por lipopolissacarídeo (LPS). Foram realizadas contagens de macrófagos que migram para o saco vitelino e histologia do fígado. As larvas foram divididas em quatro grupos: CON (cultivadas apenas em meio E3), LPS (cultivadas em meio contendo 0,5 μg/L de LPS), LPSIBU (cultivadas em meio contendo LPS e, em seguida, tratadas com 100 μg/L de ibuprofeno por 24 horas) e LPSPRO (cultivado em meio contendo LPS, e então imerso em própolis 14,000 μg/L por 24 horas). Os resultados mostraram que a expressão do gene do complemento em larvas dos grupos LPSIBU e LPSPRO foi geralmente menor que em larvas do grupo LPS. O número de migrações de macrófagos para a gema no grupo LPSPRO também foi menor que no grupo LPS. A estrutura histológica do fígado em todos os grupos foi considerada normal. Este estudo mostra que a própolis indonésia tem potencial para ser utilizada como alternativa na substituição dos AINEs (anti-inflamatórios não esteroides).(AU)

Intoxicação acidental por lornoxicam em cão: Relato de caso / Intoxication by lornoxicam in dog: Case report

Lornoxicam é um anti-inflamatório não esteroidal (AINE) de uso exclusivamente humano, pois não existem doses estabelecidas nem indicações para o uso veterinário. Contudo, casos de intoxicação acidental em cães têm sido descritos. Neste estudo relata-se um caso de intoxicação acidental por lornoxicam em um cão atendido num hospital veterinário universitário. Trata-se de um cão, macho, da raça Shih Tzu, de aproximadamente 7 meses de idade, que havia ingerido 6 comprimidos de lornoxicam (Xepa®). Foram realizados exames de imagem e laboratoriais, sendo constatada gastrite medicamentosa e, posteriormente, quadro suspeito de peritonite. O animal foi tratado com antieméticos, protetores gástricos e antimicrobianos.(AU)

Lornoxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) for human use only, since there are no established doses or indications for veterinary use. However, cases of accidental poisoning in dogs have been described. This work aims to report a case of accidental poisoning by lornoxicam in a dog treated at an university veterinary hospital. A male Shih Tzu dog, approximately 7 months old, who had ingested six lornoxicam tablets (Xepa®). Imaging and laboratory tests were performed, and drug gastritis was found and, later, a suspected condition of peritonitis. The animal was treated with antiemetics, gastric protectors and antimicrobials.(AU)

Uso do carprofeno associado aos glicosaminoglicanos em cães com osteoartrite / Use of carprofen associated with glycosaminoglycans in dogs with osteoarthritis

O presente trabalho avaliou os efeitos analgésicos do carprofeno associado ou não à condroitina com glicosamina no tratamento de 26 cães com osteoartrite, distribuídos nos grupos: GT ­ carprofeno (Carproflan®); GTP ­ carprofeno e glicosaminoglicanos (Carproflan® e Procart®); e GC ­ somente analgésico (dipirona). A evolução dos pacientes foi classificada na escala de claudicação no dia do primeiro atendimento e aos 7, 14 e 21 dias. No GT, 60% dos animais apresentou melhora clínica a partir do 7º dia, 30% não alterou seu escore de claudicação e 10% apresentou êmese a partir do 7º dia, com suspensão da medicação. No GTP, 60% dos animais apresentou melhora clínica a partir do 7º dia, 30% não alterou seu escore de claudicação, 5% apresentou êmese a partir do 7º dia e 5% a partir do 14º dia, com suspensão da medicação. No GC, nenhum animal apresentou melhora clínica. Conclui-se que os animais submetidos ao tratamento com carprofeno apresentaram melhora na claudicação, principalmente quando associado aos glicosaminoglicanos.(AU)

The analgesic effects of carprofen associated or not with chondroitin with glucosamine were evaluated in the treatment of 26 dogs with osteoarthritis, distributed into groups: TG ­ carprofen (Carproflan®); PTG ­ carprofen and glycosaminoglycans (Carproflan® and Procart®); and CG ­ only analgesic (dipyrone). The evolution of patients was classified on the lameness scale on the first day of care and at 7, 14 and 21 days. In the TG, 60% of the animals showed clinical improvement from the 7th day, 30% did not change their lameness score and 10% had emesis from the 7th day, with discontinuation of the medication. In the PTG, 60% of the animals showed clinical improvement from the 7th day, 30% did not change their lameness score, 5% had emesis from the 7th day and 5% from the 14th day, with discontinuation of the medication. In the CG, no animal showed clinical improvement. It was concluded that animals undergoing treatment with carprofen showed improvement in lameness, especially when associated with glycosaminoglycans.(AU)

Tarantula cubensis extract (Theranekron®) inhibits inflammation in carrageenan-induced acute paw edema in rats / [Extrato de tarântula cubensis (Theranekron®) inibe a inflamação no edema induzido por algas vermelhas na pata de ratos]

The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of alcoholic extract of Tarantula cubensis alcoholic extract (TCAE) in experimentally induced inflammation in rats. Fifty-four adult Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into nine groups. Paw edema was induced by 0.2mL subplantar (s.p.) injection of 1% carrageenan (CAR) into the right hind paw. Rats were treated with the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) indomethacin (INDO) (10mg/kg, p.o.) or TCAE at different doses (1, 10 or 100µg/kg) injected s.c. for systemic or s.p. for local anti-inflammatory effect. Saline was used as control. Changes in paw thickness, volume, and weight were calculated as percentages. Formalin-fixed paws were used for histopathological examination. We detected that TCAE applied s.c. at 10µg/kg and 100µg/kg doses resulted in thinner paw thickness, lower paw volume, and lower paw weights four hours after the induction of inflammation when compared with the INDO group (p<0.05). The paw edema inhibitory effect of TCAE applied at a dose of 10µg/kg, s.c. was 68% when compared with the INDO which had an inhibitory effect of 56%. These results were verified with similar histopathological findings. The anti-inflammatory feature of 10µg/kg of TCAE given systematically was similar to the effects of INDO. Our results suggest that TCAE has anti-inflammatory effects by reducing edema and decreasing inflammatory reaction. These results may be attributed to the inhibition of the production of proinflammatory mediators. Thus, TCAE may be considered as a potential anti-inflammatory agent for treating acute inflammatory conditions.

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o efeito anti-inflamatório do extrato alcoólico de Tarantula cubensis (TCAE) na inflamação induzida experimentalmente em ratos. Cinqüenta e quatro ratos Sprague-Dawley adultos machos foram divididos aleatoriamente em nove grupos. O edema da pata foi induzido pela injeção de 0,2mL de subplantar (s.p.) de 1% de carragena (CAR) na pata traseira direita. Ratos foram tratados com o medicamento antiinflamatório não esteróide (NSAID) indometacina (INDO) (10mg/kg, p.o.) ou TCAE em doses diferentes (1, 10 ou 100µg/kg) injetado s.c. para efeito sistêmico ou s.p. para efeito antiinflamatório local. A soro fisiológico foi usado como controle. As mudanças na espessura da pata, volume e peso foram calculadas como porcentagens. As patas fixadas com fórmalina foram usadas para exame histopatológico. Detectamos que o TCAE aplicado s.c. em doses de 10µg/kg e 100µg/kg resultou em menor espessura da pata, menor volume da pata e menor peso da pata quatro horas após a indução da inflamação quando comparado com o grupo INDO (p<0,05). O efeito inibidor do edema da pata de TCAE aplicado na dose de 10µg/kg, s.c. foi de 68% quando comparado com o INDO que teve um efeito inibidor de 56%. Estes resultados foram verificados com resultados histopatológicos semelhantes. A característica anti-inflamatória de 10µg/kg de TCAE dada sistematicamente foi semelhante aos efeitos do INDO. Nossos resultados sugerem que o TCAE tem efeitos anti-inflamatórios reduzindo o edema e diminuindo a reação inflamatória. Estes resultados podem ser atribuídos à inibição da produção de mediadores pró-inflamatórios. Assim, o TCAE pode ser considerado como um agente antiinflamatório potencial para o tratamento de condições inflamatórias agudas.

Evaluation of mesalazine polymeric conjugate in the treatment of actinic proctitis in rats

ABSTRACT Purpose: The present study aimed at testing a new formulation of mesalazine linked to chondroitin sulfate and its components alone in the treatment of actinic proctitis in rats. Methods: Forty-seven female Wistar rats were submitted to pelvic radiation and divided into eight groups: control A, mesalazine A, chondroitin A, and conjugate A, gavage of the according substance two weeks after irradiation and sacrifice three weeks after oral treatment; control C, mesalazine C, chondroitin C, and conjugate C, sacrifice six weeks after oral treatment. The rectum was submitted to histological characterization for each of the findings: inflammatory infiltrate, epithelial degeneration, mucosal necrosis, and fibrosis. Results: The inflammatory infiltrate was more intense in chondroitin A, mesalazine A, and conjugate C. The collagen deposition was less intense in chondroitin A, and mesalazine A, and more intense in control C. Conclusions: Mesalazine and chondroitin alone were efficacious in inducing a delayed inflammatory response, hence reducing the late fibrosis. The conjugate was able to induce an ever more delayed inflammatory response.

Clinical, laboratorial and image aspects of a perforated pyloric ulcer secondary to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory use in a cat

Background: Inappropriate use of drugs for veterinary patients represents a common problem at clinical practice. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories are one of these misused drugs and may lead to clinical status of challenging diagnosis. Adverseeffects for patients submitted to its incorrect use may include simple cases such as pharmacological gastroenteritis to severeacute renal failure or perforated gastroenteric ulcers with no pathognomonic clinical signs. The objective of this reportwas to describe a case of a perforated pyloric ulcer secondary to prolonged use of meloxicam in a cat with its clinical,laboratorial and image aspects from the moment of suspicion until the diagnosis.Case: An 8-year-old female feline was attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Dom Bosco Catholic University, withmain complaint being a mammary nodule with recent ulceration. Tumor staging and pre-surgical blood analysis wereperformed previous to total unilateral mastectomy. Eleven days post-surgery the patient was brought for suture removal,but it was observed stupor, moderate dehydration (estimated 10%), 36.7ºC rectal temperature, heart rate at 100 beats/min,respiratory rate at 60 breaths/min, 40 mg/dL blood glucose, icterus and abdominal distension with tympany at percussion(fluid wave test was negative). Anamnesis revealed the possible use of meloxicam for 10 days. The first suspicion wassepsis, with enteric gas secondary to infection. Due to no classical signs of peritoneum effusion and possible severe entericdistension, abdominocentesis was not immediate performed. Complete blood count and serum biochemistry revealed amarked band leukocytosis associated with renal injury, supporting the first sepsis suspicion. Abdominal radiography revealedradiodensity of diffuse aspect at ventral topography but no evidence of marked...

Clinical, laboratorial and image aspects of a perforated pyloric ulcer secondary to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory use in a cat

Background: Inappropriate use of drugs for veterinary patients represents a common problem at clinical practice. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories are one of these misused drugs and may lead to clinical status of challenging diagnosis. Adverseeffects for patients submitted to its incorrect use may include simple cases such as pharmacological gastroenteritis to severeacute renal failure or perforated gastroenteric ulcers with no pathognomonic clinical signs. The objective of this reportwas to describe a case of a perforated pyloric ulcer secondary to prolonged use of meloxicam in a cat with its clinical,laboratorial and image aspects from the moment of suspicion until the diagnosis.Case: An 8-year-old female feline was attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Dom Bosco Catholic University, withmain complaint being a mammary nodule with recent ulceration. Tumor staging and pre-surgical blood analysis wereperformed previous to total unilateral mastectomy. Eleven days post-surgery the patient was brought for suture removal,but it was observed stupor, moderate dehydration (estimated 10%), 36.7ºC rectal temperature, heart rate at 100 beats/min,respiratory rate at 60 breaths/min, 40 mg/dL blood glucose, icterus and abdominal distension with tympany at percussion(fluid wave test was negative). Anamnesis revealed the possible use of meloxicam for 10 days. The first suspicion wassepsis, with enteric gas secondary to infection. Due to no classical signs of peritoneum effusion and possible severe entericdistension, abdominocentesis was not immediate performed. Complete blood count and serum biochemistry revealed amarked band leukocytosis associated with renal injury, supporting the first sepsis suspicion. Abdominal radiography revealedradiodensity of diffuse aspect at ventral topography but no evidence of marked...(AU)

Comparação entre o efeito do Piroxicam e do Trocoxil, no controle da inflamação em neoplasias mamárias de cadelas utilizando a termografia / Thermographic comparison between piroxicam and trocoxil anti inflammatory effects in canine mammary tumors

Malignant mammary tumors are most prevalent neoplasms in bitches. Currently, it is known the influence of several factors and biological markers involved in tumors development, such as cyclooxygenase-2. Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs appears as a promising adjuvant treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate and to compare the effectiveness of piroxicam and Trocoxil® (mavacoxib) in reduce the peritumoral temperature. At random, it was selected 16 middle-aged bitches presenting mammary tumor according the routine of the Veterinary Hospital. On day 0, after clinical examination and thermography of both mammary chains, piroxicam was prescribed to group 1 (n=12) (0.3mg/kg, VO, SID, 10 days) and to group 2 (n=4) was prescribed Trocoxil® (2mg/kg, VO, single dose). After 10 days, the animals returned for further evaluation and the second thermography. The images were analyzed, tabulated and submitted to statistical analysis by the SigmaPlot® program in a simple t-test, considering p<0.05. The results indicated that Trocoxil® showed a better ability to reduce peritumoral temperature than piroxicam after 10 days of treatment (p=0.041), suggesting this drug with better efficiency in the adjuvant treatment of mammary neoplasms in bitches.

Comparação entre o efeito do Piroxicam e do Trocoxil, no controle da inflamação em neoplasias mamárias de cadelas utilizando a termografia / Thermographic comparison between piroxicam and trocoxil anti inflammatory effects in canine mammary tumors

Malignant mammary tumors are most prevalent neoplasms in bitches. Currently, it is known the influence of several factors and biological markers involved in tumors development, such as cyclooxygenase-2. Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs appears as a promising adjuvant treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate and to compare the effectiveness of piroxicam and Trocoxil® (mavacoxib) in reduce the peritumoral temperature. At random, it was selected 16 middle-aged bitches presenting mammary tumor according the routine of the Veterinary Hospital. On day 0, after clinical examination and thermography of both mammary chains, piroxicam was prescribed to group 1 (n=12) (0.3mg/kg, VO, SID, 10 days) and to group 2 (n=4) was prescribed Trocoxil® (2mg/kg, VO, single dose). After 10 days, the animals returned for further evaluation and the second thermography. The images were analyzed, tabulated and submitted to statistical analysis by the SigmaPlot® program in a simple t-test, considering p<0.05. The results indicated that Trocoxil® showed a better ability to reduce peritumoral temperature than piroxicam after 10 days of treatment (p=0.041), suggesting this drug with better efficiency in the adjuvant treatment of mammary neoplasms in bitches.(AU)

Avaliação de anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais no tratamento da dor de ovinos submetidos à implantação de cânula ruminal e orquiectomia / Assessment of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in treatment of pain in sheep submitted to ruminal cannulation and orchiectomy

O presente trabalho objetivou comparar o efeito do flunixin meglumine, cetoprofeno e meloxicam no tratamento da dor pós-operatória de ovinos submetidos à implantação de cânula ruminal e orquiectomia. Foram utilizados 32 ovinos, machos, pesando em média 35,5±3,5kg, distribuídos em três grupos: GFlu (flunixin meglumine 1,1mg/kg i.v.), GCet (cetoprofeno 3,0mg/kg i.v.) e GMel (meloxicam 0,5mg/kg i.v.). Exame clínico e coletas de sangue foram realizados no M0 (pré-avaliação), M1 (10 minutos após a pré-avaliação), M2 (início da sutura para fixação da cânula ruminal), M3 (logo após o término da cirurgia) e em duas, 12, 23, 25, 48 e 72 horas após a cirurgia (M2h, M12h, M23h, M25h, M48h e M72h), quando foram avaliados cortisol, glicose, proteína total, albumina, γ-glutamiltransferase (GGT), aspartato aminotransferase (AST), creatina quinase (CK), ureia, creatinina e hemograma. Nos M2h, M12h, M23h, M25h e M48h, foi realizada avaliação comportamental. O GFlu apresentou maior concentração de cortisol no M12h e no M48h e maior escore de dor na fístula e no testículo no M12h, quando comparado ao GMel. Os animais do GCet apresentaram menor interação com outros membros da baia no M23h. A ação analgésica do meloxicam foi maior em animais submetidos à implantação de cânula ruminal e orquiectomia, quando comparado ao flunixin meglumine e ao cetoprofeno.(AU)

This study aimed to compare the effect of flunixin meglumine, ketoprofen, and meloxicam in the treatment of postoperative pain in sheep submitted to ruminal cannulation and orchiectomy. 32 sheep were submitted to implantation of rumen cannula and orchiectomy, divided into three groups: GFlu (Flunixin meglumine 1,1mg/kg i.v.); GCet (Ketoprofen 3,0mg/kg i.v.); GMel (Meloxicam 0,5mg/kg i.v.). Clinical examination and blood samples were performed at M0 (pre-evaluation), M1 (10 minutes after pre-evaluation), M2 (beginning ruminal cannula), M3 (immediately post-surgery), and M2h, M12h, M23h, M25h, M48h and M72h (2h, 12h, 23h, 25h, 48h and 72 hours post-surgery) with the evaluation of cortisol, glucose, total protein, albumin, γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), urea, creatinine and blood count. At M2h, M12h, M23h, M25h and M48h a behavioral evaluation was performed. The GFlu showed higher concentration of cortisol at M12h and M48h and greater pain score related with fistula and testis procedures at M12h when compared to GMel. Animals in the GCet group presented lower interaction with other animals in the same M23h paddock. The analgesia provided by Meloxicam was higher than flunixin meglumine and ketoprofen in animals submitted to placement of ruminal cannula and orchiectomy.(AU)

Avaliação de anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais no tratamento da dor de ovinos submetidos à implantação de cânula ruminal e orquiectomia / Assessment of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in treatment of pain in sheep submitted to ruminal cannulation and orchiectomy

O presente trabalho objetivou comparar o efeito do flunixin meglumine, cetoprofeno e meloxicam no tratamento da dor pós-operatória de ovinos submetidos à implantação de cânula ruminal e orquiectomia. Foram utilizados 32 ovinos, machos, pesando em média 35,5±3,5kg, distribuídos em três grupos: GFlu (flunixin meglumine 1,1mg/kg i.v.), GCet (cetoprofeno 3,0mg/kg i.v.) e GMel (meloxicam 0,5mg/kg i.v.). Exame clínico e coletas de sangue foram realizados no M0 (pré-avaliação), M1 (10 minutos após a pré-avaliação), M2 (início da sutura para fixação da cânula ruminal), M3 (logo após o término da cirurgia) e em duas, 12, 23, 25, 48 e 72 horas após a cirurgia (M2h, M12h, M23h, M25h, M48h e M72h), quando foram avaliados cortisol, glicose, proteína total, albumina, γ-glutamiltransferase (GGT), aspartato aminotransferase (AST), creatina quinase (CK), ureia, creatinina e hemograma. Nos M2h, M12h, M23h, M25h e M48h, foi realizada avaliação comportamental. O GFlu apresentou maior concentração de cortisol no M12h e no M48h e maior escore de dor na fístula e no testículo no M12h, quando comparado ao GMel. Os animais do GCet apresentaram menor interação com outros membros da baia no M23h. A ação analgésica do meloxicam foi maior em animais submetidos à implantação de cânula ruminal e orquiectomia, quando comparado ao flunixin meglumine e ao cetoprofeno.(AU)

This study aimed to compare the effect of flunixin meglumine, ketoprofen, and meloxicam in the treatment of postoperative pain in sheep submitted to ruminal cannulation and orchiectomy. 32 sheep were submitted to implantation of rumen cannula and orchiectomy, divided into three groups: GFlu (Flunixin meglumine 1,1mg/kg i.v.); GCet (Ketoprofen 3,0mg/kg i.v.); GMel (Meloxicam 0,5mg/kg i.v.). Clinical examination and blood samples were performed at M0 (pre-evaluation), M1 (10 minutes after pre-evaluation), M2 (beginning ruminal cannula), M3 (immediately post-surgery), and M2h, M12h, M23h, M25h, M48h and M72h (2h, 12h, 23h, 25h, 48h and 72 hours post-surgery) with the evaluation of cortisol, glucose, total protein, albumin, γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), urea, creatinine and blood count. At M2h, M12h, M23h, M25h and M48h a behavioral evaluation was performed. The GFlu showed higher concentration of cortisol at M12h and M48h and greater pain score related with fistula and testis procedures at M12h when compared to GMel. Animals in the GCet group presented lower interaction with other animals in the same M23h paddock. The analgesia provided by Meloxicam was higher than flunixin meglumine and ketoprofen in animals submitted to placement of ruminal cannula and orchiectomy.(AU)

New metallophamaceutic reduced renal injury induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory

Purpose To evaluate the effect of Rut-bpy (Cis-[Ru(bpy)2(SO3)(NO)]PF 6), a novel nitric oxide donor, able to modulate the histological changes caused by the NASID (meloxicam). Methods Wistar rats were assigned into three groups (n=6 rats/group): Sham group (saline solution), NSAID group (meloxicam - 15 mg/kg) and Rut-bpy group (100 mg/kg of Rut-bpy associated with 15mg/kg of meloxicam). At the end of experiments, kidneys were removed for histological study, fractal dimension and lacunarity in all animals. Results At the histological examination, all animals (six animals 100 %) in the NSAID group had membrane thickening and other changes (necrosis, acute tubular congestion and vascular congestion); on the other hand, only one animal (16.6 %) of the Rut-bpy group had congestion. The fractal dimension and lacunarity were greater in the control and Rut-bpy group than in NSAIDs group (p<0.05). Conclusion Rut-bpy may prevent renal histological changes in rats caused by meloxicam.(AU)

Effects of ketoprofen administration on relation between acute phase proteins and metabolic parameters in cows during early lactation

Background: Acute phase proteins (APPs) are clinically useful parameters for measuring the occurrence and severity ofinflammatory responses in cattle. As large group of proteins, APPs are mainly secreted by hepatocytes whose concentrationincrease or decrease as response to tissue injury, inflammation or infection. The transition from late pregnancy to earlylactation is associated with a compromised immune status coupled with increased acute phase response. Non-steroidalanti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used in treatment of inflammatory conditions. The main objective of the presentstudy was to analyze the effects of a preventive administration of the NSAID (ketoprofen) in post-calving dairy cows onconcentration of APPs (haptoglobin and fibrinogen) and their relationship with indicators of liver function.Materials, Methods & Results: The treatment group (n = 15) was given an intramuscular injection of ketoprofen in theconcentration of 3 mg/kg during three consecutive days after calving. The control group (n = 15) was not treated withketoprofen. Blood samples were taken from coccygeal vein, on the first day of treatment and in the first and second weekpostpartum and they were analyzed for metabolic parameters (albumin and aspartat aminotransferaze) and APPs such ashaptoglobin and fibrinogen. Compared with control, ketoprofen administration decrease the levels of haptoglobin and fibrinogen and AST activity. Increase in albumin concentration was recorded in experimental group of cows compared withcontrol. Negative correlations (P < 0.01) were found between the haptoglobin concentration and albumin concentrationand aspartate aminotransferaze activity. Discussion: As inflammatory indicator in dairy cows, it is recorded that serum concentrations of haptoglobin is increasedduring mastitis. Beside haptoglobin, fibrinogen represents one of the APPs whose serum concentration increases during response in the acute phase. During the first and second week...

Effects of ketoprofen administration on relation between acute phase proteins and metabolic parameters in cows during early lactation

Background: Acute phase proteins (APPs) are clinically useful parameters for measuring the occurrence and severity ofinflammatory responses in cattle. As large group of proteins, APPs are mainly secreted by hepatocytes whose concentrationincrease or decrease as response to tissue injury, inflammation or infection. The transition from late pregnancy to earlylactation is associated with a compromised immune status coupled with increased acute phase response. Non-steroidalanti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used in treatment of inflammatory conditions. The main objective of the presentstudy was to analyze the effects of a preventive administration of the NSAID (ketoprofen) in post-calving dairy cows onconcentration of APPs (haptoglobin and fibrinogen) and their relationship with indicators of liver function.Materials, Methods & Results: The treatment group (n = 15) was given an intramuscular injection of ketoprofen in theconcentration of 3 mg/kg during three consecutive days after calving. The control group (n = 15) was not treated withketoprofen. Blood samples were taken from coccygeal vein, on the first day of treatment and in the first and second weekpostpartum and they were analyzed for metabolic parameters (albumin and aspartat aminotransferaze) and APPs such ashaptoglobin and fibrinogen. Compared with control, ketoprofen administration decrease the levels of haptoglobin and fibrinogen and AST activity. Increase in albumin concentration was recorded in experimental group of cows compared withcontrol. Negative correlations (P < 0.01) were found between the haptoglobin concentration and albumin concentrationand aspartate aminotransferaze activity. Discussion: As inflammatory indicator in dairy cows, it is recorded that serum concentrations of haptoglobin is increasedduring mastitis. Beside haptoglobin, fibrinogen represents one of the APPs whose serum concentration increases during response in the acute phase. During the first and second week...(AU)

Síndrome da lise tumoral induzida pelo uso do firocoxibe, em cadela acometida com carcinoma mamário inflamatório: relato de caso / Tumoral lysis syndrome induced by the use of firocoxib, in a female dog with inflammatory mammary carcinoma: case report

Síndrome da lise tumoral é considerada uma emergência metabólica grave, caracterizada pela liberação de substâncias citotóxicas na circulação sanguínea, podendo acarretar acidose lática, distúrbio eletrolítico e elevado risco de morte em um período de evolução relativamente pequeno. É considerada uma condição rara em pequenos animais e pouco relatada na literatura veterinária, principalmente quando associada à presença de neoplasmas sólidos. Este relato correlaciona o uso do antiinflamatório não esteróide firocoxibe, utilizado como base terapêutica na remissão da reação inflamatória neoplásica, com o desenvolvimento abrupto da síndrome da lise tumoral, em um paciente canino, da raça Schnauzer miniatura, acometido com carcinoma mamário inflamatório em estágio inicial.(AU)

Tumor Lysis Syndrome is considered a serious metabolic emergency, characterized by the release of cytotoxic substances into the bloodstream, which can lead to lactic acidosis, electrolyte disturbance, and high risk of death in a relatively small clinical course. It is considered a rare condition in small animals, especially when associated with the presence of solid neoplasms. This report correlates the influence of the use of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory firocoxib, used as a therapeutic base in the remission of the neoplastic inflammatory reaction, and as a consequence there was the abrupt development of the Tumor Lysis Syndrome in a canine patient of the miniature Schnauzer breed, with early inflammatory breast carcinoma.(AU)

Síndrome da lise tumoral induzida pelo uso do firocoxibe, em cadela acometida com carcinoma mamário inflamatório: relato de caso / Tumoral lysis syndrome induced by the use of firocoxib, in a female dog with inflammatory mammary carcinoma: case report

Síndrome da lise tumoral é considerada uma emergência metabólica grave, caracterizada pela liberação de substâncias citotóxicas na circulação sanguínea, podendo acarretar acidose lática, distúrbio eletrolítico e elevado risco de morte em um período de evolução relativamente pequeno. É considerada uma condição rara em pequenos animais e pouco relatada na literatura veterinária, principalmente quando associada à presença de neoplasmas sólidos. Este relato correlaciona o uso do antiinflamatório não esteróide firocoxibe, utilizado como base terapêutica na remissão da reação inflamatória neoplásica, com o desenvolvimento abrupto da síndrome da lise tumoral, em um paciente canino, da raça Schnauzer miniatura, acometido com carcinoma mamário inflamatório em estágio inicial.

Tumor Lysis Syndrome is considered a serious metabolic emergency, characterized by the release of cytotoxic substances into the bloodstream, which can lead to lactic acidosis, electrolyte disturbance, and high risk of death in a relatively small clinical course. It is considered a rare condition in small animals, especially when associated with the presence of solid neoplasms. This report correlates the influence of the use of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory firocoxib, used as a therapeutic base in the remission of the neoplastic inflammatory reaction, and as a consequence there was the abrupt development of the Tumor Lysis Syndrome in a canine patient of the miniature Schnauzer breed, with early inflammatory breast carcinoma.

Effects of flunixin meglumine on oxidant and antioxidant system after disbudding with caustic paste in calves

Background: Disbudding is often practiced in modern farm because of the reasons for the safekeeping of the animal, other animals lessen the risk of injury and less aggressive behavior. Without regard to the method of disbudding leads to disruption behavioral changes, cardiac and endocrine responses related pain of animals. Sedation, local anesthesia and analgesia are performed studies in order to eliminate of cardiac, endocrine, behavioral response which is caused by pain associated with disbudding. In this study, it was aimed to determine the effect on the oxidant and antioxidant system in the calves of disbudding by using the caustic paste with and without painkiller.Materials, Methods & Results: The animal material of the study was created 24 Simmentals calves in different sexes on average 2 weeks (± 2 days) and 50 kg (± 15 kg) live weight. The cases were randomly divided into 2 groups of 12 calves in each group. In the group I (analgesia group); caustic paste+painkiller (2.2 mg-1 flunixin meglumine intravenous, IV) and group II (non-analgesia group); as disbudding applied with caustic pasta application only were divided into 2 groups. In the I group, 15th min before the application, flunixin meglumine at a dose of 2.2 mg-1 was administered IV and the horn blunting was performed by caustic paste method. Blood samples were taken at 15, 30 and 60th min after completion of horn blunting and physiological findings were recorded. In group II, the horns of the calves were disbudding with the same technique (but no analgesia aplication). Blood samples were taken at 15, 30 and 60th min after completion of horn blunting and physiological findings were record. Cortisol, glucose, total oxidant capacity (TOC) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes measurements (ELISA) were performed in both groups.[...]