Análise da atividade antibacteriana do extrato aquoso de Curcuma longa L. e digluconato de clorexidina no tratamento de doenças periodontais em cães e gatos / Analysis of the antibacterial activity of the aqueous extract of Curcuma longa L. in the treatment of periodontal diseases in dogs and cats / Análisis de la actividad antibacteriana del extracto acuoso de Curcuma longa L. en el tratamiento de enfermedades periodontales en perros y gatos

A doença periodontal é a afecção mais comum em cães e gatos. Atualmente, a substância mais eficaz para realizar a limpeza oral em animais de companhia é a Clorexidina muito eficiente no controle das placas bacterianas, mas seu uso prolongado causa muitos efeitos colaterais. O uso de plantas medicinais vem ganhando espaço na veterinária. Curcuma longa L., por exemplo, apresenta grande potencial terapêutico. A cúrcuma despertou interesse no campo da periodontia, pois atinge tanto as bactérias, com sua ação antimicrobiana, como as células inflamatórias do hospedeiro por sua ação anti-inflamatória. Buscando uma alternativa com menos efeito colateral, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a ação antibacteriana de Curcuma longa L. e do digluconato de clorexidina sobre alguns micro-organismos causadores dessa doença. O extrato seco de Curcuma longa L. e o digluconato de clorexidina foram adquiridos comercialmente de uma farmácia de manipulação, onde, posteriormente, obteve-se os extratos aquosos nas concentrações 1%; 2,5%; 5%; 10% e 20% e solução de clorexidina 2%. Realizou-se o preparo do inóculo, na escala de 0,5 de MacFarland, das cepas de E. coli e S. aureus. Todas as concentrações foram testadas em triplicata. Utilizou-se digluconato de clorexidina 2% como controle positivo e solução de água destilada com polissorbato 20 como controle negativo. Staphylococcus aureus mostrou-se sensível ao extrato aquoso de Curcuma longa L. em contrapartida Escherichia coli apresentou resistência. Por este estudo ter como objetivo o tratamento de doenças periodontais, não descarta-se a eficácia do extrato aquoso de curcuma longa sobre a bactéria Gram positiva que está presente na fase inicial dessa doença em cães e gatos, já que demonstrou sensibilidade, tornando necessário novas pesquisas para corroborar este estudo.

Periodontal disease is the most common condition in dogs and cats. Currently, the most effective substance in the control of bacterial plaques to carry out oral cleaning in pets is Chlorhexidine, but its prolonged use causes many side effects. As an alternative, the use of medicinal plants has been gaining ground in veterinary medicine, Curcuma longa L., for example, has great therapeutic potential. Curcumin has aroused interest in the field of periodontics due to its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory action. Seeking an alternative with fewer or no side effects, the present study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial action of Curcuma longa L. on some microorganisms that cause this disease. The dry extract of turmeric and the chlorhexidine digluconate were purchased commercially from a compounding pharmacy, where, subsequently, the aqueous extracts were obtained in concentrations of 1%; 2.5%; 5%; 10% and 20% and 2% chlorhexidine solution. The inoculum was prepared, on a MacFarland scale of 0.5, for the strains of E. coli and S. aureus. All concentrations were tested in triplicate. 2% chlorhexidine digluconate was used as a positive control and a solution of distilled water with polysorbate 20 as a negative control. Staphylococcus aureus was sensitive to the aqueous extract of Curcuma longa, while Escherichia coli showed resistance. Because this study aims to prevent periodontal diseases, the effectiveness of the aqueous extract of curcuma longa on the Gram positive bacteria that is present in the initial phase of this disease in dogs and cats it demonstrate sensitivity, and further research is necessary to corroborate this study.

La enfermedad periodontal es la condición más común en perros y gatos. Actualmente, la sustancia más eficazes en el control de las placas bacterianas para realizar la limpieza bucal en las mascotas es la Clorhexidina, pero su uso prolongado provoca muchos efectos secundarios. Como alternativa, en la medicina veterinaria ha ido ganando terreno el uso de plantas medicinales, por ejemplo, la Curcuma longa L. tiene un gran potencial terapéutico. La curcumina ha despertado interés en el campo de la periodoncia debido a su acción antimicrobiana y antiinflamatoria. Buscando una alternativa con menos o ningún efecto secundario, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la acción antibacteriana de Curcuma longa L. sobre algunos microorganismos que causan esta enfermedad. El extracto seco de Curcuma longa L. y el digluconato de clorhexidina fueron adquiridos comercialmente en una farmacia de compuestos, donde posteriormente se obtuvieron los extractos acuosos a concentraciones del 1%; 2,5%; 5%; al 10% y al 20% Solución de clorhexidina y al 2%. El inóculo se preparó, en una escala de MacFarland de 0,5, para las cepas de Escherichia coli y Staphylococcus aureus. Todas las concentraciones se ensayaron por triplicado. Se utilizó digluconato de clorhexidina al 2% como control positivo y como control negativo una solución de agua destilada con polisorbato 20. Staphylococcus aureus fue sensible al extracto acuoso de Curcuma longa, mientras que Escherichia coli mostró resistencia. Debido a que este estudio tiene como objetivo prevenir las enfermedades periodontales, no se puede descartar la efectividad del extracto acuoso de Curcuma longa sobre la bacteria Gram positiva que está presente en la fase inicial de esta enfermedad en perros y gatos, ya que demostró sensibilidad, lo que hace que se realicen más investigaciones necesario para corroborar este estúdio.

The use of babosa (Aloe vera) in treating burns: a literature review / O uso da babosa (Aloe vera) no tratamento de queimaduras: uma revisão da literatura

Alo vera is a centenary remedy use for minor wounds and burns, but its mechanism of wound healing has not been know since. This article will evaluate and gather evidence of the effectiveness and safety of the use of aloe vera in the treatment of burns. A systematic review was carried out on the databases: MEDLINE, LILACS, DECS, SCIELO, in the last 7 years, with the descriptors: "Aloe", "Burns" and "treatment". 16 articles were found. After using the exclusion criteria; research in non-humans and literature review; 5 articles were selected. The article Teplick et al. (2018) performed an in vitro clinical experiment in A. Vera solution, and demonstrated that there was proliferation and cell migration of human skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes, in addition to being protective in the death of keratonocytes. That is, it accelerates the healing of wounds. Muangman et al. (2016), evaluated 50 patients with 20% of the total body surface area burned with second-degree burns, between 18-60 years old, with half of the group receiving gauze dressings with soft paraffin containing 0.5% chlorhexidine acetate and the other half receiving polyester dressings containing extracts of medicinal plants mainly Aloe Vera. It had positive results, a higher healing speed and shorter hospital stay compared to the control group. Hwang et al. (2015) investigated the antioxidant effects of different extracts from 2,4,6,8,12 months of Aloe Vera. And the 6-month concentrated extract of 0.25 mg / mL had a higher content of flavonoids (9.750 mg catechin equivalent / g extract) and polyphenols (23.375 mg gallic acid equivalent / g extract) and the greater ferric reducing antioxidant power [...].

Alo vera é um remédio centenário usado para pequenas feridas e queimaduras, mas seu mecanismo de cicatrização de feridas não foi conhecido desde então. Este artigo avaliará e reunirá evidências da eficácia e segurança do uso de aloe vera no tratamento de queimaduras. Realizada revisão Sistemática nas bases de dados: MEDLINE, LILACS, DECS, SCIELO, nos últimos 7 anos, com os descritores: "Aloe", "Burns" and "treatment". Foram encontrados 16 trabalhos. Após utilizarmos os critérios de exclusão; pesquisa em não humanos e revisão da literatura ; foram selecionados 5 artigos. O artigo Teplick et al. (2018) realizou um experimento clinico in vitro em solução de A. Vera, e demonstrou que houve proliferação e migração celular de fibroblastos e queratinócitos de pele humana, além de ser protetor na morte de queratonócitos. Ou seja, acelera a cicatrização das feridas. Já Muangman et al. (2016), avaliou 50 pacientes com 20% do total da área superficial corporal queimada com queimaduras de segundo grau, entre 18-60 anos, tendo metade do grupo como controle recebendo curativos de gaze com parafina mole contendo 0,5% acetado de clorexidina e a outra metade recebendo curativos com poliéster contendo extratos de plantas medicinais principalmente Aloe Vera. Teve resultados positivos, uma maior velocidade de cicatrização e menor tempo de internação comparado ao grupo controle. Já Hwang et al. (2015) investigou os efeitos antioxidante de diferentes extratos de 2,4,6,8,12 meses da Aloe Vera. E o extrato com 6 meses concentrado de 0,25 mg/mL teve maior teor de flavanóides (9,750 mg equivalente catequina / g extrato) e polifenóis (23,375 mg equivalente ácido gálico / g extrato) e o maior poder antioxidante redutor férrico (0,047 mM de sulfato ferroso equivalente / extrato mg), ou seja, maior potencial [...].

The use of babosa (Aloe vera) in treating burns: a literature review

Abstract Alo vera is a centenary remedy use for minor wounds and burns, but its mechanism of wound healing has not been know since. This article will evaluate and gather evidence of the effectiveness and safety of the use of aloe vera in the treatment of burns. A systematic review was carried out on the databases: MEDLINE, LILACS, DECS, SCIELO, in the last 7 years, with the descriptors: Aloe, Burns and treatment. 16 articles were found. After using the exclusion criteria; research in non-humans and literature review; 5 articles were selected. The article Teplick et al. (2018) performed an in vitro clinical experiment in A. Vera solution, and demonstrated that there was proliferation and cell migration of human skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes, in addition to being protective in the death of keratonocytes. That is, it accelerates the healing of wounds. Muangman et al. (2016), evaluated 50 patients with 20% of the total body surface area burned with second-degree burns, between 18-60 years old, with half of the group receiving gauze dressings with soft paraffin containing 0.5% chlorhexidine acetate and the other half receiving polyester dressings containing extracts of medicinal plants mainly Aloe Vera. It had positive results, a higher healing speed and shorter hospital stay compared to the control group. Hwang et al. (2015) investigated the antioxidant effects of different extracts from 2,4,6,8,12 months of Aloe Vera. And the 6-month concentrated extract of 0.25 mg / mL had a higher content of flavonoids (9.750 mg catechin equivalent / g extract) and polyphenols (23.375 mg gallic acid equivalent / g extract) and the greater ferric reducing antioxidant power (0.047 mM equivalent ferrous sulfate / mg extract), that is, greater potential for free radical scavenging and also a protective effect against oxidative stress induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP), suggesting evidence of a bioactive potential of A. vera . However, in the article Kolacz et al. (2014) suggested as an alternative treatment the use of Aloe Vera dressing in combination with honey, lanolin, olive oil, wheat germ oil, marshmallow root, wormwood, comfrey root, white oak bark, lobelia inflata, glycerin vegetable oil, beeswax and myrrh, without obtaining significant and conclusive results that would allow the conventional treatment of burns to be subsidized. Finally, in the article by Zurita and Gallegos (2017), it carried out a descriptive cross-sectional study with 321 people, both sexes between 17-76 years of age, of an inductive nature, exploring the experience of this population and their behavioral attitudes regarding the treatment of dermatoses. Aloe vera had 13.8% cited by individuals in the treatment of acne and 33.6% in the treatment of burns. Even with evidence that suggests the efficacy in the treatment of burns with the use of Aloe Vera extract, further clinical trials with larger sample space on the use of Aloe vera dressings in medium burns are suggested for further conclusions.

Resumo Alo vera é um remédio centenário usado para pequenas feridas e queimaduras, mas seu mecanismo de cicatrização de feridas não foi conhecido desde então. Este artigo avaliará e reunirá evidências da eficácia e segurança do uso de aloe vera no tratamento de queimaduras. Realizada revisão Sistemática nas bases de dados: MEDLINE, LILACS, DECS, SCIELO, nos últimos 7 anos, com os descritores: Aloe, Burns and treatment. Foram encontrados 16 trabalhos. Após utilizarmos os critérios de exclusão; pesquisa em nao humanos e revisão da literatura ; foram selecionados 5 artigos. O artigo Teplick et al. (2018) realizou um experimento clinico in vitro em solução de A. Vera, e demonstrou que houve proliferação e migração celular de fibroblastos e queratinócitos de pele humana, além de ser protetor na morte de queratonócitos. Ou seja, acelera a cicatrização das feridas. Já Muangman et al. (2016), avaliou 50 pacientes com 20% do total da área superficial corporal queimada com queimaduras de segundo grau, entre 18-60 anos, tendo metade do grupo como controle recebendo curativos de gaze com parafina mole contendo 0,5% acetado de clorexidina e a outra metade recebendo curativos com poliéster contendo extratos de plantas medicinais principalmente Aloe Vera. Teve resultados positivos, uma maior velocidade de cicatrização e menor tempo de internação comparado ao grupo controle. Já Hwang et al. (2015) investigou os efeitos antioxidante de diferentes extratos de 2,4,6,8,12 meses da Aloe Vera. E o extrato com 6 meses concentrado de 0,25 mg/mL teve maior teor de flavanóides (9,750 mg equivalente catequina / g extrato) e polifenóis (23,375 mg equivalente ácido gálico / g extrato) e o maior poder antioxidante redutor férrico (0,047 mM de sulfato ferroso equivalente / extrato mg), ou seja, maior potencial de eliminação de radicais livres e também efeito proteror contra o estresse oxidativo induzido por hidroperóxido de terc-butila (t-BHP), sugerindo indícios de um potencial bioativo da A. vera. Porém, no artigo Kolacz et al. (2014) sugeriu como tratamento alternativo o uso do curativo com Aloe Vera em conjunto de mel, lanolina, azeite de oliva, óleo de gérmen de trigo, raiz de marshmallow, absinto, raiz de confrei, casca de carvalho branco, lobelia inflata, glicerina vegetal, cera de abelha e mirra, não obtendo resultados significativos e conclusivos que permitam subsidiar o tratamento convencional das queimaduras. Por fim, no artigo de Zurita and Gallegos (2017), realizou um estudo descritivo transversal com 321 pessoas, ambos os sexos entre 17-76 anos, de natureza indutiva, explorando a vivência dessa população e suas atitudes comportamentais quanto ao tratamento de dermatoses. Aloe vera teve 13,8% citada pelos indivíduos no tratamento de acne e 33,6% no tratamento de queimaduras. Mesmo tendo evidências que sugerem a eficácia no tratamento de queimaduras com o uso do extrato da Aloe Vera, sugere-se mais ensaios clínicos com espaço amostral maior sobre o uso de curativos de Aloe vera em médio queimados para maiores conclusões.

The use of babosa (Aloe vera) in treating burns: a literature review / O uso da babosa (Aloe vera) no tratamento de queimaduras: uma revisão da literatura

Alo vera is a centenary remedy use for minor wounds and burns, but its mechanism of wound healing has not been know since. This article will evaluate and gather evidence of the effectiveness and safety of the use of aloe vera in the treatment of burns. A systematic review was carried out on the databases: MEDLINE, LILACS, DECS, SCIELO, in the last 7 years, with the descriptors: "Aloe", "Burns" and "treatment". 16 articles were found. After using the exclusion criteria; research in non-humans and literature review; 5 articles were selected. The article Teplick et al. (2018) performed an in vitro clinical experiment in A. Vera solution, and demonstrated that there was proliferation and cell migration of human skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes, in addition to being protective in the death of keratonocytes. That is, it accelerates the healing of wounds. Muangman et al. (2016), evaluated 50 patients with 20% of the total body surface area burned with second-degree burns, between 18-60 years old, with half of the group receiving gauze dressings with soft paraffin containing 0.5% chlorhexidine acetate and the other half receiving polyester dressings containing extracts of medicinal plants mainly Aloe Vera. It had positive results, a higher healing speed and shorter hospital stay compared to the control group. Hwang et al. (2015) investigated the antioxidant effects of different extracts from 2,4,6,8,12 months of Aloe Vera. And the 6-month concentrated extract of 0.25 mg / mL had a higher content of flavonoids (9.750 mg catechin equivalent / g extract) and polyphenols (23.375 mg gallic acid equivalent / g extract) and the greater ferric reducing antioxidant power [...].(AU)

Alo vera é um remédio centenário usado para pequenas feridas e queimaduras, mas seu mecanismo de cicatrização de feridas não foi conhecido desde então. Este artigo avaliará e reunirá evidências da eficácia e segurança do uso de aloe vera no tratamento de queimaduras. Realizada revisão Sistemática nas bases de dados: MEDLINE, LILACS, DECS, SCIELO, nos últimos 7 anos, com os descritores: "Aloe", "Burns" and "treatment". Foram encontrados 16 trabalhos. Após utilizarmos os critérios de exclusão; pesquisa em não humanos e revisão da literatura ; foram selecionados 5 artigos. O artigo Teplick et al. (2018) realizou um experimento clinico in vitro em solução de A. Vera, e demonstrou que houve proliferação e migração celular de fibroblastos e queratinócitos de pele humana, além de ser protetor na morte de queratonócitos. Ou seja, acelera a cicatrização das feridas. Já Muangman et al. (2016), avaliou 50 pacientes com 20% do total da área superficial corporal queimada com queimaduras de segundo grau, entre 18-60 anos, tendo metade do grupo como controle recebendo curativos de gaze com parafina mole contendo 0,5% acetado de clorexidina e a outra metade recebendo curativos com poliéster contendo extratos de plantas medicinais principalmente Aloe Vera. Teve resultados positivos, uma maior velocidade de cicatrização e menor tempo de internação comparado ao grupo controle. Já Hwang et al. (2015) investigou os efeitos antioxidante de diferentes extratos de 2,4,6,8,12 meses da Aloe Vera. E o extrato com 6 meses concentrado de 0,25 mg/mL teve maior teor de flavanóides (9,750 mg equivalente catequina / g extrato) e polifenóis (23,375 mg equivalente ácido gálico / g extrato) e o maior poder antioxidante redutor férrico (0,047 mM de sulfato ferroso equivalente / extrato mg), ou seja, maior potencial [...].(AU)

The use of babosa (Aloe vera) in treating burns: a literature review / O uso da babosa (Aloe vera) no tratamento de queimaduras: uma revisão da literatura

Abstract Alo vera is a centenary remedy use for minor wounds and burns, but its mechanism of wound healing has not been know since. This article will evaluate and gather evidence of the effectiveness and safety of the use of aloe vera in the treatment of burns. A systematic review was carried out on the databases: MEDLINE, LILACS, DECS, SCIELO, in the last 7 years, with the descriptors: "Aloe", "Burns" and "treatment". 16 articles were found. After using the exclusion criteria; research in non-humans and literature review; 5 articles were selected. The article Teplick et al. (2018) performed an in vitro clinical experiment in A. Vera solution, and demonstrated that there was proliferation and cell migration of human skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes, in addition to being protective in the death of keratonocytes. That is, it accelerates the healing of wounds. Muangman et al. (2016), evaluated 50 patients with 20% of the total body surface area burned with second-degree burns, between 18-60 years old, with half of the group receiving gauze dressings with soft paraffin containing 0.5% chlorhexidine acetate and the other half receiving polyester dressings containing extracts of medicinal plants mainly Aloe Vera. It had positive results, a higher healing speed and shorter hospital stay compared to the control group. Hwang et al. (2015) investigated the antioxidant effects of different extracts from 2,4,6,8,12 months of Aloe Vera. And the 6-month concentrated extract of 0.25 mg / mL had a higher content of flavonoids (9.750 mg catechin equivalent / g extract) and polyphenols (23.375 mg gallic acid equivalent / g extract) and the greater ferric reducing antioxidant power (0.047 mM equivalent ferrous sulfate / mg extract), that is, greater potential for free radical scavenging and also a protective effect against oxidative stress induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP), suggesting evidence of a bioactive potential of A. vera . However, in the article Kolacz et al. (2014) suggested as an alternative treatment the use of Aloe Vera dressing in combination with honey, lanolin, olive oil, wheat germ oil, marshmallow root, wormwood, comfrey root, white oak bark, lobelia inflata, glycerin vegetable oil, beeswax and myrrh, without obtaining significant and conclusive results that would allow the conventional treatment of burns to be subsidized. Finally, in the article by Zurita and Gallegos (2017), it carried out a descriptive cross-sectional study with 321 people, both sexes between 17-76 years of age, of an inductive nature, exploring the experience of this population and their behavioral attitudes regarding the treatment of dermatoses. Aloe vera had 13.8% cited by individuals in the treatment of acne and 33.6% in the treatment of burns. Even with evidence that suggests the efficacy in the treatment of burns with the use of Aloe Vera extract, further clinical trials with larger sample space on the use of Aloe vera dressings in medium burns are suggested for further conclusions.

Resumo Alo vera é um remédio centenário usado para pequenas feridas e queimaduras, mas seu mecanismo de cicatrização de feridas não foi conhecido desde então. Este artigo avaliará e reunirá evidências da eficácia e segurança do uso de aloe vera no tratamento de queimaduras. Realizada revisão Sistemática nas bases de dados: MEDLINE, LILACS, DECS, SCIELO, nos últimos 7 anos, com os descritores: "Aloe", "Burns" and "treatment". Foram encontrados 16 trabalhos. Após utilizarmos os critérios de exclusão; pesquisa em nao humanos e revisão da literatura ; foram selecionados 5 artigos. O artigo Teplick et al. (2018) realizou um experimento clinico in vitro em solução de A. Vera, e demonstrou que houve proliferação e migração celular de fibroblastos e queratinócitos de pele humana, além de ser protetor na morte de queratonócitos. Ou seja, acelera a cicatrização das feridas. Já Muangman et al. (2016), avaliou 50 pacientes com 20% do total da área superficial corporal queimada com queimaduras de segundo grau, entre 18-60 anos, tendo metade do grupo como controle recebendo curativos de gaze com parafina mole contendo 0,5% acetado de clorexidina e a outra metade recebendo curativos com poliéster contendo extratos de plantas medicinais principalmente Aloe Vera. Teve resultados positivos, uma maior velocidade de cicatrização e menor tempo de internação comparado ao grupo controle. Já Hwang et al. (2015) investigou os efeitos antioxidante de diferentes extratos de 2,4,6,8,12 meses da Aloe Vera. E o extrato com 6 meses concentrado de 0,25 mg/mL teve maior teor de flavanóides (9,750 mg equivalente catequina / g extrato) e polifenóis (23,375 mg equivalente ácido gálico / g extrato) e o maior poder antioxidante redutor férrico (0,047 mM de sulfato ferroso equivalente / extrato mg), ou seja, maior potencial de eliminação de radicais livres e também efeito proteror contra o estresse oxidativo induzido por hidroperóxido de terc-butila (t-BHP), sugerindo indícios de um potencial bioativo da A. vera. Porém, no artigo Kolacz et al. (2014) sugeriu como tratamento alternativo o uso do curativo com Aloe Vera em conjunto de mel, lanolina, azeite de oliva, óleo de gérmen de trigo, raiz de marshmallow, absinto, raiz de confrei, casca de carvalho branco, lobelia inflata, glicerina vegetal, cera de abelha e mirra, não obtendo resultados significativos e conclusivos que permitam subsidiar o tratamento convencional das queimaduras. Por fim, no artigo de Zurita and Gallegos (2017), realizou um estudo descritivo transversal com 321 pessoas, ambos os sexos entre 17-76 anos, de natureza indutiva, explorando a vivência dessa população e suas atitudes comportamentais quanto ao tratamento de dermatoses. Aloe vera teve 13,8% citada pelos indivíduos no tratamento de acne e 33,6% no tratamento de queimaduras. Mesmo tendo evidências que sugerem a eficácia no tratamento de queimaduras com o uso do extrato da Aloe Vera, sugere-se mais ensaios clínicos com espaço amostral maior sobre o uso de curativos de Aloe vera em médio queimados para maiores conclusões.

Canine ringworm caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes - detection by SYBR-Green real-time PCR

Background: Dermatophytes, fungi of universal distribution, invade semi or fully keratinized structures, such as skin, fur/ hair and nails. The various species of dermatophytes are classified into three genera anamorphic: Microsporum, Trichophyton and Epidermophyton. The genus Epidermophyton includes only E. floccosum, that rarely affects animals. The main species responsible for the disease in dogs and cats are Microsporum canis, M. gypseum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes, which were characterized through conventional mycological methodology (microscopic examination with KOH and culture). Molecular methodologies, such as real-time PCR, can contribute to a rapid laboratory diagnosis, helping clinicians to initiate an early antifungal treatment. This case report describes a case of canine dermatophytosis due to Trichophyton mentagrophytes detected from a clinical sample by SYBR-Green real-time PCR. Case: A 8-year-old dog, rescued from the street, was referred to a private veterinary clinic in the city of Canoas, RS, Brazil, presenting generalized lymphadenomegaly, crusted lesions all over the body, generalized alopecia, signs of excoriation and epistaxis. Initially, were administered prednisone [1 mg/kg every 48 h, BID] and cephalexin [30 mg/kg, BID]. Weekly baths with benzoyl peroxide were also given. The therapy was not clinically successful. Wood's Lamp Test was negative. As a differential diagnosis, PCR for detection of Leishmania was negative. Complete blood count and serum biochemical assay were also performed. For mycological diagnosis, hair specimen was clarified and examined microscopically using 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH) for the visualization of chains of arthroconidia (ectothrix invasion of hair). The infected hair was plated onto MycoselTM Agar, incubated at 28°C for 15 days. Microscopy of hyphae/ conidia and macroscopic colony characteristics (colors and texture) were conducted for the differentiation of the species within the genus Microsporum and Trichophyton. In addition, real-time PCR was applied for direct analysis of the fungal DNA obtained from the hair sample. Microscopic examination was negative. The dermatophyte present in the hair sample was confirmed as Trichophyton mentagrophytes by culture and qPCR (melting-point analysis). The patient was treated with systemic itraconazole [10 mg/ kg SID - 90 days]. Twice-weekly application of 2.5 % miconazole and 2% chlorhexidine shampoo until complete cure. Discussion: Dermatophytosis is often listed as self-limiting infection; however, animal dermatophytosis can spread between pets, as well as a zoonotic transmission to humans. The literature on dermatophytosis indicates that Microsporum canis is the predominant etiological agent, followed by M. gypseum. Trichophyon mentagrophytes that appear in a lower percentage of isolation. The culture of hair, even with specific medium containing chloramphenicol and cyclohexamide, may present contaminating fungi, not related to dermatophytosis, which can inhibit or override the growth of dermatophytes. The use of real-time PCR provided a faster and specific diagnosis of dermatophytosis when compared to the conventional mycological methodology for detection and identification of T. mentagrophytes, which takes around 10 to 15 days for culture. It is possible to use this technique as an alternative diagnosis for dermatophytes associated to clinical hair samples of dogs.

Lesão facial grave em um gambá-de-orelha-branca (Didelphis albiventris) - tratamento com ozonioterapia / Severe facial wound in a white-eared opossum (Didelphis albiventris) - treatment with ozone therapy

Background: Ozone therapy (OT) is a type of treatment that uses ozone gas, which has high oxidizing power. OT has been utilized for various diseases and to accelerate the wound healing process and reduce inflammation. Additionally, OT is a low-cost treatment recommended for patients that can be easily restrained. There are several methods of ozone administration, including topical use through bagging, cupping, or rectal insufflation, in addition to ozonated autohemotherapy. Based on the benefits of OT and the scarcity of reports describing its effects on white-eared opossums (Didelphis albiventris), we report on the use of ozone in the treatment of a severe facial wound in a white-eared opossum. Case: An adult female white-eared opossum weighing 1.6 kg was rescued from a fire. The patient was pregnant, dehydrated, hypothermic and had an extensive burn wound in the facial region. Due to the stress of captivity and its aggressive behavior, the animal needed to be chemically restrained with dexmedetomidine and butorphanol. Following sedation, the cephalic vein was catheterized and intravenous fluid therapy with ringer lactate was started to treat dehydration. Next, enrofloxacin, meloxicam, and tramadol hydrochloride were administered. Body rewarming was performed with thermal bags. The microbial load of the wound was reduced with chlorhexidine degerming solution followed by washing with saline solution. A thin layer of silver sulfadiazine cream was applied to the wound area. Over the following days the patient was treated with OT using the cupping technique combined with ozonated sunflower oil. After the first applications there was an improvement in the appearance of the wound, which initially had a purulent aspect. After 20 days of treatment the wound showed good granulation and there were no signs of infection, and at 45 days of treatment it was completely healed. The patient was then released with her baby. Discussion: Ozone therapy was included in the patient's treatment plan to enhance the tissue repair process in order to reintroduce the animal to the wild in the shortest possible time. The strategy was successful in improving healing and reducing tissue inflammation and infection. Ozone is known to cause the inactivation of microorganisms as a result of the oxidation of phospholipids and lipoproteins present in the cell membrane of bacteria and to interrupt viral replication. Ozone helps in the perfusion of injured tissues, contributing to the entry of humoral components, which control inflammation. Moreover, ozone contributes to increase supply of oxygen and nutrients to tissues and to stimulate increased production of fibrinogen and formation of granulation tissue. Ozone increases the enzymatic antioxidant response, while also playing a role in immunoregulation. Ozone can be used in several ways and via various methods with potential routes including intravenous, urethral, intramuscular, subcutaneous, or intra-articular, in addition to rectal and intramammary insufflation. Immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antiseptic effects can be achieved with different doses and concentrations, which enables its application in different types of pathologies. Because of the aggressive behavior of the animal, in the current case we opted for the cupping technique combined with ozonated oil, both techniques which can be administered easily with only physical restraint of the patient. Cupping allows for the provision of a higher concentration of ozone gas locally whereas the ozonated oil maintains the effect of the gas for slightly longer, enhancing its effect and promoting tissue repair. The present report showed that OT is an effective alternative for the treatment of burn wounds in opossums, without causing adverse effects to the patient or her baby.

Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of trans-anethole against Enterococcus cloacae and Enterococcus faecalis strains of food origin / Avaliação da atividade antibacteriana do trans-anetol contra cepas de Enterobacter cloacae e Enterococcus faecalis de origem alimentar

The present study sought to evaluate the antibacterial activity of trans-anethole against food-borne strains of Enterobacter cloacae and Enterococcus faecalis. The study was performed using Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) methods, in addition, disc diffusion technique was used to evaluate the association of trans-anethole with synthetic antimicrobials. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration for Adherence (MICA) testing was also performed. The results revealed that trans-anethole presents no antibacterial activity at any of the concentrations used against the E. cloacae strains tested. However, trans-anethole presented antibacterial effect against five of the six E. faecalis bacterial strains tested, with MIC values ranging from 500 µg/mL to 1000 µg/mL. Further, when analyzing the MBC results against E. faecalis, it was observed that the compound presented values ranging from 500 µg/mL to 1000 µg/mL. As for the associations, it was observed that transanethole when combined with the antimicrobials ampicillin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and ceftriaxone presented synergistic effect against most strains of E. faecalis. However, both trans-anethole and the control chlorhexidine (0.12%) presented no antibiofilm effects against strains of E. faecalis. In short, trans-anethole presented potential antibacterial against E. faecalis strains of food origin, and may upon further study, it may be used alone or in association with synthetic antimicrobials to combat infections caused by this bacterium.

O presente estudo procurou avaliar a atividade antibacteriana do trans-anetol contra cepas de Enterobacter cloacae e Enterococcus faecalis de origem alimentar. O estudo foi realizado utilizando métodos de Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM), e Concentração Bactericida Mínima (CBM), além disso, foi utilizada a técnica de difusão de disco para avaliar a associação do trans-anetol com antimicrobianos. O teste de Concentração Inibitória Mínima de Aderência (CIMA) também foi realizado. Os resultados revelaram que o trans-anetol não apresentou atividade antibacteriana em nenhuma das concentrações utilizadas contra as cepas de E. cloacae testadas. No entanto, o trans-anetol apresentou efeito antibacteriano contra cinco das seis cepas bacterianas de E. faecalis testadas, com valores de CIM variando de 500 µg/mL a 1000 µg/mL. Além disso, ao analisar os resultados da CBM contra E. faecalis, observa-se que o composto apresentou valores variando de 500 µg/mL a 1000 µg/mL. Quanto às associações, observou-se que o trans-anetol quando combinado com os antimicrobianos ampicilina, gentamicina, ciprofloxacino, e ceftriaxona apresentou efeito sinérgico contra a maioria das cepas de E. faecalis. No entanto, tanto o trans-anetol quanto o controle clorexidina (0,12%) não apresentaram efeito antibiofilme contra a cepa de E. faecalis. Em suma, o transanetol apresentou potencial antibacteriano contra cepas de E. faecalis de origem alimentar, podendo, mediante estudos mais aprofundados, ser utilizado isoladamente ou em associação com antimicrobianos sintéticos para combater infecções causadas por esta bactéria.

Cutaneous candidiasis caused by antifungal-resistant Candida sp. strain in canine individual / Candidíase cutânea causada por cepa de Candida sp. resistente a antifúngicos em indivíduo canino

The aim of the current report is to describe a cutaneous candidiasis case affecting a canine individual treated at the University Veterinary Hospital of State University of Maranhão (UEMA), in São Luís City. The patient had three-month history of skin diseases; it had been previously subjected to several treatments based on antibiotics, corticosteroids and antifungal drugs that have failed to show clinical improvements. Dermatological assessment has indicated generalized moist dermatitis, intense skin desquamation, alopecia, pruritus and meliceric crusts along the animal's body, mainly in its dorsal region. Complementary tests, such as skin cytology and microscopy, trichogram, qualitative PCR and serology for canine visceral leishmaniasis, as well as fungal culture and antifungigram were requested based on this scenario. Serology recorded inconclusive results for leishmaniasis, whereas PCR recorded negative results in the presence of the agent's DNA. Cytology, microscopy and trichogram results have evidenced fungal infection in the assessed samples. Moreover, mycological culture and antifungigram resulted in the growth of Candida sp. specimens capable of resisting antifungal agents such as amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole and nystatin. The therapy adopted after candidiasis diagnosis confirmation comprised oral doses of manipulated ketoconazole, in combination to topical therapy with shampoo based on moisturizing formulas associated with Miconazole and Chlorhexidine (at 2%), for four weeks. After 30 days, when the adopted therapy was over, the aforementioned animal presented remission of the previously observed lesions and fully improved condition.

The aim of the current report is to describe a cutaneous candidiasis case affecting a canine individual treated at the University Veterinary Hospital of State University of Maranhão (UEMA), in São Luís City. The patient had three-month history of skin diseases; it had been previously subjected to several treatments based on antibiotics, corticosteroids and antifungal drugs that have failed to show clinical improvements. Dermatological assessment has indicated generalized moist dermatitis, intense skin desquamation, alopecia, pruritus and meliceric crusts along the animal's body, mainly in its dorsal region. Complementary tests, such as skin cytology and microscopy, trichogram, qualitative PCR and serology for canine visceral leishmaniasis, as well as fungal culture and antifungigram were requested based on this scenario. Serology recorded inconclusive results for leishmaniasis, whereas PCR recorded negative results in the presence of the agent's DNA. Cytology, microscopy and trichogram results have evidenced fungal infection in the assessed samples. Moreover, mycological culture and antifungigram resulted in the growth of Candida sp. specimens capable of resisting antifungal agents such as amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole and nystatin. The therapy adopted after candidiasis diagnosis confirmation comprised oral doses of manipulated ketoconazole, in combination to topical therapy with shampoo based on moisturizing formulas associated with Miconazole and Chlorhexidine (at 2%), for four weeks. After 30 days, when the adopted therapy was over, the aforementioned animal presented remission of the previously observed lesions and fully improved condition.

Comparative study of the effectiveness and residual effect of preoperative antisepsis with 4% chlorhexidine gluconate associated with 70% ethyl alcohol and 0.5% alcoholic chlorhexidine gluconate in dogs / Estudo comparativo da eficácia e do efeito residual da antissepsia pré-operatória com gluconato de clorexidina 4% associado a álcool etílico 70% e gluconato de clorexidina alcoólico 0.5% em cães

The effectiveness of antisepsis of surgical sites in 20 animals (canine species) was compared and subdivided into two groups, using 4% chlorhexidine gluconate associated with alcohol (group 1) and 0.5% chlorhexidine gluconate (group 2). The samples were collected through skin swab after trichotomy (T1), after definitive antisepsis (T2) and one hour after the use of antiseptic (T3), and then submitted to the count of colony forming units (CFU). In both groups, bacterial growth occurred in T1; in T2, the reduction of CFUs was significant for both groups (G1 and G2); however, if we consider absolute values, we can see in T1 a greater amount of CFUs in G2, and when evaluating the results of T2, we can see values which are very similar between G1 and G2, which may suggest greater efficiency of G2 in initial times after antisepsis. In T3, the reduction of CFUs was more effective for G1, suggesting a greater residual effect when compared to G2. Both antiseptic protocols were effective as they significantly reduced the number of skin bacteria, both in T2 and T3.

A eficácia da antissepsia dos sítios cirúrgicos em 20 animais (espécie canina) foi comparada e subdividida em dois grupos, utilizando gluconato de clorexidina 4% associado ao álcool (grupo 1) e gluconato de clorexidina 0,5% (grupo 2). As amostras foram coletadas por meio de swab cutâneo após tricotomia (T1), após antissepsia definitiva (T2) e uma hora após o uso de antisséptico (T3), sendo então submetidas à contagem das unidades formadoras de colônias (UFC). Em ambos os grupos, o crescimento bacteriano ocorreu em T1; em T2, a redução das UFCs foi significativa para ambos os grupos (G1 e G2); porém, se considerarmos os valores absolutos, podemos observar em T1 uma maior quantidade de UFCs no G2, e ao avaliar os resultados de T2, podemos observar valores que são muito semelhantes entre G1 e G2, o que pode sugerir maior efi-ciência de G2 em tempos iniciais após a antissepsia. No T3, a redução das UFCs foi mais efetiva para o G1, sugerindo maior efeito residual quando comparado ao G2. Ambos os protocolos antissépticos foram eficazes, pois reduziram significativamente o número de bactérias cutâneas, tanto em T2 quanto em T3.

Comparative study of the effectiveness and residual effect of preoperative antisepsis with 4% chlorhexidine gluconate associated with 70% ethyl alcohol and 0.5% alcoholic chlorhexidine gluconate in dogs / Estudo comparativo da eficácia e do efeito residual da antissepsia pré-operatória com gluconato de clorexidina 4% associado a álcool etílico 70% e gluconato de clorexidina alcoólico 0.5% em cães

The effectiveness of antisepsis of surgical sites in 20 animals (canine species) was compared and subdivided into two groups, using 4% chlorhexidine gluconate associated with alcohol (group 1) and 0.5% chlorhexidine gluconate (group 2). The samples were collected through skin swab after trichotomy (T1), after definitive antisepsis (T2) and one hour after the use of antiseptic (T3), and then submitted to the count of colony forming units (CFU). In both groups, bacterial growth occurred in T1; in T2, the reduction of CFUs was significant for both groups (G1 and G2); however, if we consider absolute values, we can see in T1 a greater amount of CFUs in G2, and when evaluating the results of T2, we can see values which are very similar between G1 and G2, which may suggest greater efficiency of G2 in initial times after antisepsis. In T3, the reduction of CFUs was more effective for G1, suggesting a greater residual effect when compared to G2. Both antiseptic protocols were effective as they significantly reduced the number of skin bacteria, both in T2 and T3.(AU)

A eficácia da antissepsia dos sítios cirúrgicos em 20 animais (espécie canina) foi comparada e subdividida em dois grupos, utilizando gluconato de clorexidina 4% associado ao álcool (grupo 1) e gluconato de clorexidina 0,5% (grupo 2). As amostras foram coletadas por meio de swab cutâneo após tricotomia (T1), após antissepsia definitiva (T2) e uma hora após o uso de antisséptico (T3), sendo então submetidas à contagem das unidades formadoras de colônias (UFC). Em ambos os grupos, o crescimento bacteriano ocorreu em T1; em T2, a redução das UFCs foi significativa para ambos os grupos (G1 e G2); porém, se considerarmos os valores absolutos, podemos observar em T1 uma maior quantidade de UFCs no G2, e ao avaliar os resultados de T2, podemos observar valores que são muito semelhantes entre G1 e G2, o que pode sugerir maior efi-ciência de G2 em tempos iniciais após a antissepsia. No T3, a redução das UFCs foi mais efetiva para o G1, sugerindo maior efeito residual quando comparado ao G2. Ambos os protocolos antissépticos foram eficazes, pois reduziram significativamente o número de bactérias cutâneas, tanto em T2 quanto em T3.(AU)

Terapêutica não antimicrobiana associada à laserterapia no tratamento da dermatite piotraumática canina: relato de caso / Non-antimicrobial therapeutic associated to laser therapy in treatment of canine pyotraumatic dermatitis: case report

Objetivou-se relatar um caso de dermatite piotraumática em um canino adulto, tratado sem uso de antimicrobianos associado à laserterapia. Foi encaminhado para atendimento clínico, um cão macho, 8 anos de idade, apresentando lesões em pele, alopecia e seborreia oleosa intensa. Na avaliação clínica, o animal apresentou os parâmetros normais para espécie, entretanto em decorrência das lesões apresentadas foram solicitados exames citológico e parasitológico de pele, que evidenciaram a presença de processo inflamatório agudo com evidenciação sugestiva de bactérias e Demodex canis no parasitológico, respectivamente. O tratamento proposto consistiu no uso de xampu a base de Clorexidina, suplementos a base de vitaminas e minerais, antiparasitário, glicocorticóide oral e posteriormente tópico, ômega3 e imunoestimulante, além de uma sessão de laserterapia. No último retorno, o animal apresentou o pelo refeito. A dermatite piotraumática, apesar de fácil diagnóstico, requer total atenção no que concerne a resposta individualizada de cada animal perante a afecção, neste caso o acompanhamento constante realizado pelo médico veterinário, proporcionou o estabelecimento da conduta terapêutica mais adequada, sem o uso de antimicrobianos em associação a laserterapia, para resolução do problema e o restabelecimento da saúde do animal.

The aim of this study was to report a case of pyotraumatic dermatitis in an adult canine that was treated without the use of antimicrobials associated to laser therapy. An 8-year-old male dog with skin lesions, alopecia, and severe oily seborrhoea was referred for clinical care. In the clinical evaluation, the animal presented normal parameters for the species, however due to the lesions presented, cytopathological and parasitological skin examinations were requested, which evidenced the presence of an infectious inflammatory process, suggestive of bacteria, at the cytopathological examination, and Demodex canis in the parasitological assay. The proposed treatment consisted of baths with shampoo based on chlorhexidine with miconazole, supplements based on vitamins and minerals, antiparasitic, oral glucocorticoid and later topical, omega 3 and immunostimulant, in addition to a phototherapy session. On the last return, the animal presented the remade hair. Pyotraumatic dermatitis, despite being easy to diagnose, requires full attention regarding the individualized response of each animal to the condition. In this case, the constant monitoring performed by the veterinarian, provided the establishment of the most appropriate therapeutic approach to solve the problem and restore the animal's health without the use of antimicrobials, and with the additional laser therapy.

Corticoterapia intralesional no tratamento de otohematoma em cães / Treating otohematomas in dogs with intra-lesional corticotherapy

Background: Otohematoma is common in dogs and is characterized by blood accumulation between the skin and cartilageof the outer ear. While the etiology is related to trauma, most cases have a predisposing condition. Treatment must drainthe hematoma and maintain appropriate skin apposition to the ear cartilage. Treatment can be surgical, but there are alsoconservative options such as puncture drainage, followed by intralesional injection of glucocorticoids. This alternativemethod is less invasive than surgery, with an equivalent success rate. This study aimed to describe intralesional injectionof corticosteroids for the treatment of dogs with otohematoma at a veterinary clinic.Materials, Methods & Results: Otohematoma was diagnosed and treated in 23 dogs (14 males and 9 females, weighing9.6 ± 2.7 kg) at a reference private veterinary clinic. The dogs were chemically restrained, and their ears were cleanedwith chlorhexidine. The lower face of each ear with otohematoma was then punctured with a needle coupled to a syringeto drain the liquid. Following drainage, the equipment was removed and the collected liquid volume was measured. A0.5 mg/kg dose of methylprednisolone acetate was prepared and diluted in saline (0.9% NaCl) to a volume equivalent to1/10 of the previously drained content volume from the otohematoma. The prepared solution was then injected into thedrained ear. Additionally, each patient was treated for the original cause of the otohematoma, according to conventionalprotocols. Eight animals (34.78%) had bilateral otohematoma and 15 (65.22%) presented with unilateral lesions. Leukocytosis was observed in most patients. Other laboratory alterations present in the studied dogs were thrombocytopenia,leukopenia, and anemia. Twenty (86.96%) patients presented with otitis externa. All patients were reassessed one weekafter the initial treatment, and 19 (82.60%) fully recovered. The remaining...

Dermatopatia isquêmica juvenil em um cão / Juvenile-onset ischemic dermatopathy in a dog

Background: Juvenile-onset ischemic dermatopathy is a rare dermatosis in dogs. Reports on this condition are scarce inthe literature, and its pathogenesis is poorly understood. This disease consists of a set of alterations that exhibit similarclinical and histological characteristics, and which are associated with cutaneous vasculopathic processes. Consequently,this case report describes the clinical case of a dog diagnosed with juvenile-onset ischemic dermatopathy.Case: A 9-month-old female mongrel dog exhibited significant tegumentary alterations, while other contact animals (siblingsand mother) did not. The patient history did not contain a complete record of vaccines, and included previous therapeuticfailures. A general skin examination revealed the presence of erythematous lesions containing crusts and erosions associated with extended areas with alopecia, especially in the ears, nose, and tail. Therefore, skin cytology and a parasitologicalexamination of the skin and cerumen were performed. These tests revealed the presence of neutrophilic inflammatoryprocess, bacterial inflammation, and various yeast-like structures compatible with Malassezia sp. The parasitological examination of the cerumen revealed the presence of numerous mites of the Otodectes cynotis species. Consequently, the dogreceived a treatment that included amoxicillin with potassium clavulanate, itraconazole, therapeutic baths with a shampoocontaining chlorhexidine and miconazole, and an antiparasitic medication containing sarolaner, which was administeredonce every 35 days. Thirty days later, the patient returned with a significant improvement of the lesions, except those inthe ears and tail; consequently, material from these two body areas was submitted to histopathological examination, andadditional tests were performed to allow differential diagnosis. The histopathological report indicated the existence of...

Dermatopatia isquêmica juvenil em um cão / Juvenile-onset ischemic dermatopathy in a dog

Background: Juvenile-onset ischemic dermatopathy is a rare dermatosis in dogs. Reports on this condition are scarce inthe literature, and its pathogenesis is poorly understood. This disease consists of a set of alterations that exhibit similarclinical and histological characteristics, and which are associated with cutaneous vasculopathic processes. Consequently,this case report describes the clinical case of a dog diagnosed with juvenile-onset ischemic dermatopathy.Case: A 9-month-old female mongrel dog exhibited significant tegumentary alterations, while other contact animals (siblingsand mother) did not. The patient history did not contain a complete record of vaccines, and included previous therapeuticfailures. A general skin examination revealed the presence of erythematous lesions containing crusts and erosions associated with extended areas with alopecia, especially in the ears, nose, and tail. Therefore, skin cytology and a parasitologicalexamination of the skin and cerumen were performed. These tests revealed the presence of neutrophilic inflammatoryprocess, bacterial inflammation, and various yeast-like structures compatible with Malassezia sp. The parasitological examination of the cerumen revealed the presence of numerous mites of the Otodectes cynotis species. Consequently, the dogreceived a treatment that included amoxicillin with potassium clavulanate, itraconazole, therapeutic baths with a shampoocontaining chlorhexidine and miconazole, and an antiparasitic medication containing sarolaner, which was administeredonce every 35 days. Thirty days later, the patient returned with a significant improvement of the lesions, except those inthe ears and tail; consequently, material from these two body areas was submitted to histopathological examination, andadditional tests were performed to allow differential diagnosis. The histopathological report indicated the existence of...(AU)

Condição microbiológica após antissepsia da genitália externa em éguas / Microbiological condition after antisepsis of reproductive tract in mares

A endometrite é a principal responsável pela diminuição nas taxas de fertilidade e recuperação embrionária em éguas e em parte, pode ser associada a contaminações por falhas na antissepsia das biotécnicas reprodutivas aplicadas à espécie. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os níveis de contaminação decorrentes de diferentes protocolos de antissepsia da genitália externa de éguas doadoras de embrião. Éguas sadias tiveram a vulva higienizada conforme um dos três grupos experimentais: (G1) sabão de côco; (G2) detergente neutro e (G3) clorexidina degermante 2%. Foi realizada a coleta de material da região da vulva, vestíbulo e útero com auxílio de swab estéril. As amostras foram processadas com objetivo de se determinar os principais microgranismos presentes, além da avaliação de Unidades Formadoras de Colônia (UFC). O G1 mostrou-se mais efetivo quanto à redução nas contagens de UFC em todas amostras. Por outro lado, G2 apresentou eficiência de 62%, sendo o tratamento menos eficiente na redução da contaminação das diferentes regiões avaliadas. A escolha adequada do agente sanitizante utilizado na higienização de períneo previamente a intervenções ginecológicas são de suma importância afim de se evitar contaminações ascendentes que levem a endometrites.(AU)

Endometritis is mainly responsible for the decrease in fertility and embryonic recovery rates in mares and, in part, it can be associated with contaminations due to failures in the antisepsis of reproductive biotechniques applied to the specie. The objective of this study was to evaluate the levels of contamination resulting from different protocols for antisepsis of the external genitalia of embryo donor mares. Healthy mares had their vulva sanitized according to one of the three experimental groups: (G1) coconut soap; (G2) neutral detergent and (G3) 2% chlorhexidine degerming. It was made the collection of material from the vulva, vestibule and uterus region with the aid of a sterile swab. The samples were processed in order to determine the main microorganisms present, in addition to the evaluation of Colony Forming Units (CFU). G1 was more effective in reducing CFU counts in all samples. On the other hand, G2 showed an efficiency of 62%, being the treatment less efficient in reducing contamination in the different regions evaluated. The proper choice of the sanitizing agent used to clean the perineum prior to gynecological interventions is of paramount importance in order to avoid ascending contamination that lead to endometritis.(AU)

Terapêutica não antimicrobiana associada à laserterapia no tratamento da dermatite piotraumática canina: relato de caso / Non-antimicrobial therapeutic associated to laser therapy in treatment of canine pyotraumatic dermatitis: case report

Objetivou-se relatar um caso de dermatite piotraumática em um canino adulto, tratado sem uso de antimicrobianos associado à laserterapia. Foi encaminhado para atendimento clínico, um cão macho, 8 anos de idade, apresentando lesões em pele, alopecia e seborreia oleosa intensa. Na avaliação clínica, o animal apresentou os parâmetros normais para espécie, entretanto em decorrência das lesões apresentadas foram solicitados exames citológico e parasitológico de pele, que evidenciaram a presença de processo inflamatório agudo com evidenciação sugestiva de bactérias e Demodex canis no parasitológico, respectivamente. O tratamento proposto consistiu no uso de xampu a base de Clorexidina, suplementos a base de vitaminas e minerais, antiparasitário, glicocorticóide oral e posteriormente tópico, ômega3 e imunoestimulante, além de uma sessão de laserterapia. No último retorno, o animal apresentou o pelo refeito. A dermatite piotraumática, apesar de fácil diagnóstico, requer total atenção no que concerne a resposta individualizada de cada animal perante a afecção, neste caso o acompanhamento constante realizado pelo médico veterinário, proporcionou o estabelecimento da conduta terapêutica mais adequada, sem o uso de antimicrobianos em associação a laserterapia, para resolução do problema e o restabelecimento da saúde do animal.(AU)

The aim of this study was to report a case of pyotraumatic dermatitis in an adult canine that was treated without the use of antimicrobials associated to laser therapy. An 8-year-old male dog with skin lesions, alopecia, and severe oily seborrhoea was referred for clinical care. In the clinical evaluation, the animal presented normal parameters for the species, however due to the lesions presented, cytopathological and parasitological skin examinations were requested, which evidenced the presence of an infectious inflammatory process, suggestive of bacteria, at the cytopathological examination, and Demodex canis in the parasitological assay. The proposed treatment consisted of baths with shampoo based on chlorhexidine with miconazole, supplements based on vitamins and minerals, antiparasitic, oral glucocorticoid and later topical, omega 3 and immunostimulant, in addition to a phototherapy session. On the last return, the animal presented the remade hair. Pyotraumatic dermatitis, despite being easy to diagnose, requires full attention regarding the individualized response of each animal to the condition. In this case, the constant monitoring performed by the veterinarian, provided the establishment of the most appropriate therapeutic approach to solve the problem and restore the animal's health without the use of antimicrobials, and with the additional laser therapy.(AU)

Corticoterapia intralesional no tratamento de otohematoma em cães / Treating otohematomas in dogs with intra-lesional corticotherapy

Background: Otohematoma is common in dogs and is characterized by blood accumulation between the skin and cartilageof the outer ear. While the etiology is related to trauma, most cases have a predisposing condition. Treatment must drainthe hematoma and maintain appropriate skin apposition to the ear cartilage. Treatment can be surgical, but there are alsoconservative options such as puncture drainage, followed by intralesional injection of glucocorticoids. This alternativemethod is less invasive than surgery, with an equivalent success rate. This study aimed to describe intralesional injectionof corticosteroids for the treatment of dogs with otohematoma at a veterinary clinic.Materials, Methods & Results: Otohematoma was diagnosed and treated in 23 dogs (14 males and 9 females, weighing9.6 ± 2.7 kg) at a reference private veterinary clinic. The dogs were chemically restrained, and their ears were cleanedwith chlorhexidine. The lower face of each ear with otohematoma was then punctured with a needle coupled to a syringeto drain the liquid. Following drainage, the equipment was removed and the collected liquid volume was measured. A0.5 mg/kg dose of methylprednisolone acetate was prepared and diluted in saline (0.9% NaCl) to a volume equivalent to1/10 of the previously drained content volume from the otohematoma. The prepared solution was then injected into thedrained ear. Additionally, each patient was treated for the original cause of the otohematoma, according to conventionalprotocols. Eight animals (34.78%) had bilateral otohematoma and 15 (65.22%) presented with unilateral lesions. Leukocytosis was observed in most patients. Other laboratory alterations present in the studied dogs were thrombocytopenia,leukopenia, and anemia. Twenty (86.96%) patients presented with otitis externa. All patients were reassessed one weekafter the initial treatment, and 19 (82.60%) fully recovered. The remaining...(AU)

Condição microbiológica após antissepsia da genitália externa em éguas / Microbiological condition after antisepsis of reproductive tract in mares

A endometrite é a principal responsável pela diminuição nas taxas de fertilidade e recuperação embrionária em éguas e em parte, pode ser associada a contaminações por falhas na antissepsia das biotécnicas reprodutivas aplicadas à espécie. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os níveis de contaminação decorrentes de diferentes protocolos de antissepsia da genitália externa de éguas doadoras de embrião. Éguas sadias tiveram a vulva higienizada conforme um dos três grupos experimentais: (G1) sabão de côco; (G2) detergente neutro e (G3) clorexidina degermante 2%. Foi realizada a coleta de material da região da vulva, vestíbulo e útero com auxílio de swab estéril. As amostras foram processadas com objetivo de se determinar os principais microgranismos presentes, além da avaliação de Unidades Formadoras de Colônia (UFC). O G1 mostrou-se mais efetivo quanto à redução nas contagens de UFC em todas amostras. Por outro lado, G2 apresentou eficiência de 62%, sendo o tratamento menos eficiente na redução da contaminação das diferentes regiões avaliadas. A escolha adequada do agente sanitizante utilizado na higienização de períneo previamente a intervenções ginecológicas são de suma importância afim de se evitar contaminações ascendentes que levem a endometrites.

Endometritis is mainly responsible for the decrease in fertility and embryonic recovery rates in mares and, in part, it can be associated with contaminations due to failures in the antisepsis of reproductive biotechniques applied to the specie. The objective of this study was to evaluate the levels of contamination resulting from different protocols for antisepsis of the external genitalia of embryo donor mares. Healthy mares had their vulva sanitized according to one of the three experimental groups: (G1) coconut soap; (G2) neutral detergent and (G3) 2% chlorhexidine degerming. It was made the collection of material from the vulva, vestibule and uterus region with the aid of a sterile swab. The samples were processed in order to determine the main microorganisms present, in addition to the evaluation of Colony Forming Units (CFU). G1 was more effective in reducing CFU counts in all samples. On the other hand, G2 showed an efficiency of 62%, being the treatment less efficient in reducing contamination in the different regions evaluated. The proper choice of the sanitizing agent used to clean the perineum prior to gynecological interventions is of paramount importance in order to avoid ascending contamination that lead to endometritis.

The use of a locking plate for the treatment of femoral diaphyseal fracture in giant anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla)

Background: The giant anteater is considered a species vulnerable to trauma due to being slow and, therefore, vulnerable to long bone fractures, such as femoral fracture. Locking plates have the potential to restore and maintain fractured bone stability, as well as reduce damage to the vascular supply. This study aims at reporting cases of two giant anteaters subjected to femoral osteosynthesis using locking plates. Cases: Two giant anteaters presenting non-weight bearing lameness on the right pelvic limbs were evaluated, diagnosed with femoral fracture of unknown etiology and submitted to osteosynthesis. A clinical evaluation was performed under chemical restraint for the adult animal and physical restraint for the young one. Crepitation and swelling in the right femur topography led to a radiographic examination, which showed a complete and transverse diaphyseal fracture of the right femur in both cases. The first one was an adult male and was subjected to osteosynthesis of the right femur using a locking plate. Once anesthetized, the animal was placed in left lateral recumbency, and the right pelvic limb was clipped and sterilized. A craniolateral incision was made to expose the femoral diaphysis. A large amount of fibrous-looking tissue was found and removed. Subsequently, the fracture was reduced and the locking plate system was positioned on the craniolateral side of the femur. An osteotomy of the femoral trochanteric crest was required to position the implant. The overlying fascia lata was closed using monofilament suture in a simple continuous pattern. The closure of the subcutaneous tissue and skin was performed using a Cushing pattern and simple interrupted pattern, respectively. Immediate postoperative radiographic examinations showed fracture reduction and bone axis alignment, with a properly positioned implant. The surgical wound was cleaned daily with 0.5% aqueous chlorhexidine solution. Seven days after surgery, the animal had a partial dehiscence at the suture site, with bone and plate exposure. Wound healing by second intention was initiated. At 127 days after surgery, a radiographic examination showed periosteal bone proliferation in the middle third of the right femur and that the bone implants were well-positioned. The second case was of a young 3.68 kg female anteater. The surgery was performed as described for the adult one, but there was no fibrosis at the fracture site and the osteotomy of the femoral trochanteric crest was not required. Closure of the fascia lata, subcutaneous tissue, and skin was performed as in Case 1. An immediate postoperative radiographic examination showed fracture reduction, bone axis alignment, and a properly positioned implant. The surgical wound was cleaned daily with 0.5% aqueous chlorhexidine solution. On the day of the surgery, the animal could already bear weight on its right pelvic limb, presenting discrete lameness with gradual improvement. Twenty-three days after surgery, a radiographic examination showed moderate periosteal bone proliferation in the middle third of the right femur. The bone implant was still well-positioned and bone healing was achieved around the 40th post-operative day. Discussion: The cases are very similar, but the younger anteater's femoral trochanteric crest didn't prevent positioning the plate. The fibrosis observed on the adult specimen is indicative of a chronic fracture, which may explain, in conjunction with the post-surgical complications, the longer time required for bone healing in the adult animal. Even so, both animals recovered fully and it's safe to deduce that the locking plate is an adequate option for internal fixation in transverse diaphyseal femoral fractures in both adult and young giant anteaters.(AU)