Clinico-pathological and immunohistochemical findings in a case of bovine cutaneous angiomatosis in a Holstein heifer / Achados clínico-patológicos e imuno-histoquímicos em um caso de angiomatose cutânea bovina em uma novilha Holandesa

Bovine cutaneous angiomatosis (BCA) is a rare condition characterized by vasoproliferative skin lesions mainly affecting cattle in the northern hemisphere. An eight-month-old Holstein heifer showed two skin easy-bleeding nodules bulging from the epidermis in the forehead and close to the right prescapular region. Skin lesions were within the dermis and had an irregular surface and a soft heterogeneous reddish parenchyma composed of numerous variable-sized arterioles, veins, and capillaries surrounded by abundant collagenous fibrous tissue. Immunohistochemical assays evidenced endothelial cells lining proliferative vascular structure immunolabeled for CD31 and Von Willebrand factor, and vascular smooth muscle cells immunostained for smooth muscle actin. All clinical, pathological, and immunohistochemical features observed in the Holstein heifer were hallmarks of BCA. Considering its potential for hereditary spread, BCA must be included in the differential diagnosis of easily bleeding skin nodules that do not respond to routine topical wound treatments to prevent its spread in Brazilian herds.

A angiomatose cutânea bovina (ACB) é uma condição rara caracterizada por lesões vasoproliferativas na pele que afetam principalmente bovinos do hemisfério norte. Uma novilha Holandesa de oito meses de idade apresentou dois nódulos cutâneos protuberantes na epiderme, que apresentavam fácil sangramento localizados na fronte e próximo à região pré-escapular direita. As lesões cutâneas dérmicas tinham uma superfície irregular e um parênquima avermelhado heterogêneo macio composto por numerosas arteríolas, veias e capilares de tamanho variável circundadas por tecido fibroso colagenoso abundante. O exame imuno-histoquímico evidenciou células endoteliais revestindo a estrutura vascular proliferativa imunomarcadas para CD31 e fator de Von Willebrand, e células vasculares de músculo liso imunomarcadas para actina de músculo liso. Todas as características clínicas, patológicas e imuno-histoquímicas observadas na novilha Holandesa foram características da ACB. Considerando seu potencial de disseminação hereditária, a ACB deve ser incluída no diagnóstico diferencial dos nódulos cutâneos de fácil sangramento que não respondem aos tratamentos tópicos de rotina para evitar sua disseminação nos rebanhos brasileiros.

Canine facial eosinophilic furunculosis in a dog

Canine facial eosinophilic furunculosis (FEF) is a hyperacute dermatopathy especially of the nasal bridge of dogs and is probably associated with type I hypersensitivity secondary to arthropod bites. The aim of this study is to report on a FEF case in a four-year-old female free-roaming mixed-breed dog showing papules on the nasal bridge that evolved to an ulcerated plaque. No other clinical, hematological, or biochemical alterations were detected. Cytology revealed eosinophilic and neutrophilic inflammation associated with bacterial infection. Punch biopsies were obtained for histopathological and microbiological analysis. Histopathology revealed marked, acute, multifocal to coalescent granulomatous eosinophilic furunculosis, and mild, acute, multifocal eosinophilic folliculitis. Microbiology revealed growth of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus sp. Clinical and histopathological findings were suggestive of facial eosinophilic folliculitis and furunculosis. Complete remission of the lesions was obtained after treatment. This condition is hyperacute, progressive, with a papular and erosive to ulcerative pattern, good prognosis, and its development is linked to arthropod bites. Furthermore, anti-inflammatory therapy is effective in treating the disease.(AU)

Lumpy skin disease in a cow

The animal is in good nutritional condition. Several ticks are present on the ventrum and withers. Multifocally and widespread, affecting all areas of skin in a random distribution, there are variably sized (1-4 cm in diameter) cutaneous and/or subcutaneous nodules, sometimes with a targetoid appearance. A few nodules are ulcerated, and others havea central dense crust. On cut section, many nodules are well demarcated, with a light pink center delineated by a dark red haemorrhagic/hyperaemic line (acute infarcts). Similar nodules and ulcers are also present over the teats. Skinning reveals extensive subcutaneous thickening with yellowish gelatinous material (oedema) as well as multifocal areas of dark red discoloration (haemorrhages). Multiple superficial lymph nodes are enlarged and haemorrhagic, with the right pre-scapular lymph node most severely affected, measuring 16x7x8 cm.(AU)

Tricoblastoma em canino doméstico / Trichoblastoma in a domestic canine

A pele é um órgão complexo constituído por diferentes tipos celulares e possui exposição direta ao meio ambiente, representando uma barreira física do organismo. Devido a tais fatores pode ocorrer o aparecimento de diversos tipos tumorais. Além disso, a pele possui alta capacidade de renovação celular, o que aumenta as chances de mutações em comparação com outros tecidos, o que a torna um lugar favorável para o desenvolvimento de neoplasias. É comum ocorrer nos animais domésticos o desenvolvimento de neoplasias cutâneas, sendo que sua prevalência depende de fatores como genética, idade, raça, relação hormonal, nutrição, entre outros. O tricoblastoma é uma neoplasia benigna cutânea comum em cães e gatos adultos, animais com idade entre seis e nove anos são os mais acometidos, e não existe predisposição em machos e fêmeas. É derivado do folículo piloso primitivo e possui componentes epiteliais e mesenquimais. O tricoblastoma não é considerado agressivo, porém, existem relatos na literatura com características de neoplasia maligna. O tratamento de eleição do tricoblastoma é a exérese cirúrgica total do mesmo, com margens de segurança entre 1 e 2cm. O presente estudo tem como objetivo relatar o caso de um animal atendido no Centro Médico Veterinário do Centro Universitário do Sul de Minas, o qual foi diagnosticado com tricoblastoma.

The skin is a complex organ composed of different cell types and has direct exposure to the environment, representing an organism's physical barrier. Due to such factors, the appearance of several tumor types may occur. In addition, the skin has a high capacity to perform cell renewal, which increases the chances of mutations compared to other tissues, turning it a favorable place for the development of neoplasms. The development of skin neoplasms in domestic animals is a common fact, and their prevalence depends on factors such as genetics, age, race, hormonal relationship, nutrition, among others. Trichoblastoma is a benign cutaneous neoplasm common in adult dogs and cats, animals aged between six and nine years are the most affected, and there is no predisposition in males and females. It is derived from the primitive hair follicle and has epithelial and mesenchymal components. Trichoblastoma is not considered aggressive; however, there are reports in the literature with characteristics of malignant neoplasm. The treatment of choice for trichoblastoma is the total surgical excision, with safety margins between 1 and 2cm. The present study aims to report the case of an animal treated at the Veterinary Medical Center of the University Center of Southern Minas Gerais, which was diagnosed with trichoblastoma.

Demodicidose em felinos domésticos - revisão / Demodicosis in domestic cats - a review / Demodicosis en gatos domésticos - revisión

A demodicidose é uma doença incomum na rotina clínico-dermatológica de felinos. Ela pode ser causada pelo ácaro Demodex gatoi ou pelo Demodex cati, e há relatos de uma nova espécie ainda não nomeada. Inúmeras formas de diagnóstico e protocolos terapêuticos relativos à demodicidose canina vêm sendo relatados há anos. Contudo, há poucos trabalhos atuais sobre o tema em felinos. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre essa dermatopatia, com a descrição da sua etiologia, da epidemiologia, dos sinais clínicos, do diagnóstico e das formas de tratamento atuais, pois a demodicidose felina é difícil de tratar e diagnosticar, por ser uma enfermidade rara e de baixa incidência. Ainda há necessidade de trabalhos futuros para que o estudo da doença possa ser aprofundado e para que se defina um protocolo terapêutico mais conciso, incluindo padronização de doses e frequência de administração.(AU)

Demodicosis is an uncommon disease in the clinical-dermatological routine of felines. It can be caused by the Demodex gatoi or Demodex cati, and a new, as yet unnamed species has been reported. Numerous forms of diagnosis and therapeutic protocols have been reported for canine demodicosis for years. However, there are few current studies on the subject in felines. Therefore, the present work aims to carry out a literature review on this skin disease, with a description of its etiology, epidemiology, clinical signs, diagnosis and current forms of treatment, as feline demodicosis still has a therapeutic and diagnostic difficulty because it is a rare and low-incidence disease. Future studies are still needed to reach a better understand of the disease and to define a more concise therapeutic protocol, including standardization of doses and frequency of administration.(AU)

La demodicosis es una enfermedad poco común en la rutina clínico- dermatológica de los felinos. Puede ser causada por los ácaros Demodex gatoi o Demodex cati, y se ha informado de una nueva especie, aún sin nombre. Numerosas formas de diagnóstico y protocolos terapéuticos para la demodicosis canina han sido utilizados durante años. Sin embargo, existen pocos trabajos actuales sobre el tema en felinos. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo realizar una revisión bibliográfica sobre esta enfermedad de la piel, con una descripción de su etiología, epidemiología, signos clínicos, diagnóstico y formas de tratamiento actuales, ya que la demodicosis felina aún presenta una dificultad terapéutica y diagnóstica por ser una enfermedad rara y de baja incidencia. Se requiere estudo futuro para profundizar el conocimiento de la enfermedad y definir un protocolo terapéutico más conciso, que incluya estandarización de dosis y frecuencia de administración.(AU)

Melanomas em cães no Sertão do Nordeste do Brasil - epidemiologia, fatores de risco e achados clinicopatológicos / Melanoma in dogs in the backlands of Northeastern Brazil - epidemiology, risk factors and clinicopathological findings

Background: Melanoma is a malignant neoplasm that arises from melanocytes and malanoblasts. It is also more frequently reported in dogs than in other species. They may arise from melanocytes in the skin, on the surfaces of the mucous membranes, and eyes. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological aspects, risk factors and clinicopathological findings of melanoma in dogs in the backlands, northeastern Brazil. Materials, Methods & Results: A retrospective study was carried out in all biopsy samples and necropsy examinations of dogs, from January 2003 to December 2021, at the Animal Pathology Laboratory of the Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraiba, northeastern Brazil. Epidemiological data, clinical signs, and gross lesions were reviewed from the diagnostic laboratory reports. Samples of the skin, lymph nodes, central nervous system and organs of the thoracic and abdominal cavities were fixed in 10% buffered formalin, processed routinely for histopathology, embedded in paraffin wax, cut into 4 µm sections, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE). Histological sections were also submitted to immunohistochemistry with the primary antibody anti-Melan A. Of the 4717 records found, 1158 (24.5%) were diagnosed with neoplasms, of which 48 (4.14%) cases were of melanoma. Of this total, 28 (58.3%) dogs were elderly, 19 (39.6%) were adults, and 1 (2.1%) was young. Mixed breed animals were the most affected (42.6%), followed by the pinscher breed (19.1%). According to the anatomical region, the most affected site was the skin (38/53=71.7%), followed by the oral cavity (12/53=22.65%) and the eyes (3/53=5.7%). Grossly, the skin lesions were characterized by exophytic and usually blackened, sometimes irregular and firm, nodules. At cut, they had a smooth, compact and blackened surface. Lesions in the oral cavity were characterized by blackened, irregular and infiltrating nodules or masses. The ocular lesions were always unilateral and were characterized by an enlarged and diffusely blackened eyeball, with areas of ulceration and subversion of tissue architecture. In 5 animals there was more than one anatomical site affected, totaling 53 lesions. In 9 (17%) cases, metastases were identified, 8 in regional lymph nodes and 1 in the lung. Histopathology showed a densely non-encapsulated, poorly delimited, expansive and infiltrative neoplasm, composed of neoplastic cells arranged in islands or nests and supported by fibrovascular stroma, containing a variable amount of brownish pigment (melanin). Immunohistochemistry showed strong immunostaining of the neoplastic cells in brown by the anti-Melan A antibody. Discussion: The diagnosis of melanoma was established based on epidemiological, clinical, anatomopathological, and immunohistochemical findings. Gender is not a predisposing factor, and although there was no statistically significant relationship, males were more affected. Senescence is a conditioning risk factor. Elderly animals were more affected (P < 0.0001) than adult ones, with OR = 4.38; and young ones (P = 0.0051), with OR = 12.65. Some breeds, especially those with marked skin pigmentation, were more affected, however the most affected ones in this survey were pinscher and poodle. Cutaneous melanoma accounted for almost 72% of cases, contesting recent studies where oral cavity melanoma was more frequent. Therefore, it is believed that the climatic conditions of the backlands sub-region, in northeastern Brazil, associated with the individual characteristics of the dogs, are involved in the development of these neoplasms, since the climate is predominantly dry, with high temperatures throughout the year, with maximums that can reach 40ºC, favoring the exposure to high incidence of ultraviolet radiation.

Dermatose actínica em cão: relato de caso / Actinic dermatosis in dogs: a cse report

O trabalho tem o objetivo de relatar um caso de Dermatose Actínica em cadela adulta, 8 anos apresentando pele eritematosa. Na avaliação clínica a cadela apresentou os parâmetros normais da espécie, porém devido às lesões observadas foram solicitados exames citológico e parasitológico de pele, que demonstraram a presença de bactérias (cocos), neutrófilos degenerados e fungos dermatófitos além de demodicidose. O tratamento consistiu do uso de inúmeras drogas como itraconazol, amoxicilina com clavulonato de potássio, predinisolona, Sarolaner e imunomoduladores, além de tratamento tópico com cetoconazol shampoo e creme. Geralmente, as piodermites profundas que atingem o folículo de cães e formam feridas ulceradas, causam uma inflamação crônica na pele, por conta de raios-ultravioletas do sol, ou predisposição familiar ou hipersensibilidade microbiana, ou por outras doenças e, normalmente, são reincidentes e não permitem a cura. Entretanto, nesse caso específico, o tratamento permitiu a melhora do animal (~80%).(AU)

The aim of this paper is to report a case of Actinic Dermatosis in an 8-year-old female adult female with erythematous skin. In the clinical evaluation, the animal presented normal parameters for the species, but, due to the lesions observed, cytological and parasitological skin tests were requested, which showed the presence of bacteria (cocci), degenerated neutrophils, and dermatophyte fungi, and demodicidosis. Treatment consisted of the use of numerous drugs such as itraconazole, amoxicillin with potassium clavulonate, predinisolone, Sarolaner, and immunomodulators; in addition to topical treatment with ketoconazole shampoo and cream. Generally, deep pyoderma that reach the follicle of dogs and form ulcerated wounds, cause a chronic inflammation of the skin, due to the sun's ultraviolet rays, or familial predisposition or microbial hypersensitivity, or due to other diseases and, usually, they are recurrent and do not allow healing. However, in this specific case, the treatment allowed the animal to improve (~80%).(AU)

Superficial necrolytic dermatitis in a dog

Background: Superficial necrolytic dermatitis (SND), hepatocutaneous syndrome (HCS), metabolic epidermal necrosis (MEN), and necrolytic migratory erythema (NME) are useful terms to describe a disease that likely has a multifactorial etiopathogenesis. SND is a rare and fatal disease characterized by skin lesions and liver disease. Common skin lesions include hyperkeratosis, fissures, erosion, ulceration, crusting, exudation from the paws, face, perianal regions, and pressure points. This case report aimed to report the case of a bitch that developed the rare Superficial Necrolytic Dermatitis disease, emphasizing the clinical signs of the disease, and the importance of complementary exams such as abdominal ultrasound and skin biopsy for the definitive diagnosis. Case: A 9-year-old, mixed-breed, neutered female was referred for clinical examination with 5 months history of hyperkeratosis and ulceration of the paw pads, presenting pain, lameness and weight loss. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a liver with heterogeneous echotexture, mixed echogenicity, irregular and poorly delimited margins with hypoechoic nodules throughout like honeycombs. The gallbladder was visualized with a moderately thick layer. Histological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of SND. Skin biopsies showed an increase in thickness of the epidermis due to irregular hyperplasia and proliferation of keratinocytes in the basal layer of the epidermis, pallor of the spinous layer of the epidermis and important parakeratosis. Due to the progression of the disease, significant worsening of the patient's clinical condition and pain, associated with the impossibility of cure, the animal was submitted to euthanasia. A necropsy was performed to allow assessment of the liver and pancreas. The biopsies showed a severe proliferative chronic hepatitis, steatosis and cholestasis associated with pancreatitis and necrotic multifocal proliferative fibrinopurulent areas in the pancreas. Discussion: Clinical signs such as lethargy, inappetence, weight loss, as well as the dermatological signs presented by this bitch are nonspecific clinical signs and require a deeper clinical, pathological and histopathological diagnostic investigation to reach the diagnosis of this disease. The definitive diagnosis is made on the basis of a characteristic honeycomb pattern in the liver or associated with a neoplastic finding in the pancreas on ultrasound examination and confirmed by histopathological evaluation of skin biopsies. Palliative treatment with corticosteroid anti-inflammatories, improvement in feed quality, with higher nutritional and protein intake and intravenous amino acid supplementation are suggested by some authors as treatment alternatives. However, not all owners can afford a costly lifetime treatment. With the progressive worsening of the condition, many owners opt for euthanasia as a way to shorten the suffering of the animal. This decision is not an easy one to make. Despite the poor prognosis of the disease, treatment options should be tried by veterinarians and owners prior to the option of euthanasia. However, new affordable nutritional and pharmacological strategies to treat or control the disease are needed in order to improve quality of life of SND patients.

Characteristic of decreased bacterial diversity in psoriasis / [Característica da diminuição da diversidade bacteriana na psoríase]

Disturbance of commensal intestinal microbiota is related to chronic inflammatory dermatosis. We analyzed the diversity of the gut microbiota to characterize the biological variation of psoriasis (Ps). Significant differences of gut microbiome profiles were revealed in murine model with psoriasis by sequencing 16S rRNA V3-V4 variable region. Group comparisons included the imiquimod cream (IMQ group, n=8), the imiquimod cream and antibiotics (ATB) (PC+IMQ group, n=8) and the healthy control (CTRL group, n=8). The gut microbiota existed in Ps groups including IMQ group and PC+IMQ group encompassed less diversity than controls, which were attributed to decreased presence of several taxa. The two Ps groups were characterized by significant reduction in firmicutes. In this study, microbiota of psoriasis was defined by an increase presence of Bacteroides. After treated with ATB, we found substantial increase of Lactobacillales but significant decrease of Clostridiales and Coriobacteriales. Relative lower abundance of multiple intestinal bacteria was observed in Ps groups. Although part of genera were concomitantly reduced in both IMQ and PC+IMQ conditions, we discovered the specialty of PC+IMQ group samples was that contained lower abundance of beneficial taxa. Characteristics of gut microbiota profiles in Ps mice were comparable to profiles in patients with Ps, which were related to alteration of specific inflammatory proteins in disease groups but were significantly different from control group. Thus, this study emphasizes the role of intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of Ps and provides new insight for investigating association between intestinal microbes and immune inflammation.

A perturbação da microbiota intestinal comensal está relacionada à dermatose inflamatória crônica. Analisamos a diversidade da microbiota intestinal para caracterizar a variação biológica da psoríase (Ps). Diferenças significativas do perfil microbiológico intestinal foram reveladas no modelo murino com psoríase pelo sequenciamento da região variável 16S rRNA V3-V4. As comparações de grupo incluíram o creme imiquimod (grupo IMQ, n=8), o creme imiquimod e antibióticos (ATB) (grupo PC+IMQ, n=8) e o controle saudável (grupo CTRL, n=8). A microbiota intestinal existia nos grupos Ps, incluindo o grupo IMQ e o grupo PC+IMQ englobava menos diversidade do que os controles, que foram atribuídos à diminuição da presença de vários taxa. Os dois grupos de Ps caracterizavam-se por uma redução significativa nos firicutes. Neste estudo, a microbiota da psoríase foi definida por um aumento da presença de bacteroides. Após o tratamento com ATB, encontramos um aumento substancial de Lactobacillales mas uma diminuição significativa de Clostridiales e Coriobacteriales. Uma menor abundância relativa de bactérias intestinais múltiplas foi observada nos grupos de Ps. Embora parte dos gêneros tenha sido concomitantemente reduzida tanto em condições IMQ como PC+IMQ, descobrimos que a especialidade das amostras do grupo PC+IMQ era que continham menor abundância de taxas benéficas. As características dos perfis de microbiota intestinal em ratos de Ps eram comparáveis aos perfis em pacientes com Ps, que estavam relacionados à alteração de proteínas inflamatórias específicas em grupos de doenças, mas eram significativamente diferentes do grupo controle. Assim, este estudo enfatiza o papel da microbiota intestinal na patogênese do Ps e fornece novos conhecimentos para investigar a associação entre micróbios intestinais e inflamação imunológica.

Retrospective study of cutaneous neoplasms in horses treated at the Livestock Development Center of the Federal University of Bahia / Estudo retrospectivo das neoplasias cutâneas em equinos atendidos no Centro de Desenvolvimento da Pecuária da Universidade Federal da Bahia

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of cutaneous neoplasms in horses treated at the Center for the Development of Livestock at the Federal University of Bahia, as well as to correlate it with the coat color, breed, and age of the animal. For that, the attendance records for the last ten years were reviewed. When evaluating the files, 13 cases of cutaneous tumor in horses confirmed by histopathology and cytology were observed. The most prevalent skin tumors were sarcoid (38.5%), melanoma (23%), and fibrosarcoma (15.4%). Regarding the equine coat color, gray and sorrel horses were the most frequent with 30.7% and 23.1% of cases, respectively. As for the equine breed, the mangalarga marchador was the most prevalent (38.4%). Regarding age, 38.46% of the horses were up to 5 years old, 30.77% of the animals were between 4 and 10 years old, and 30.76% were between 11 and 16 years old. In the end, it can be concluded that sarcoid and melanoma were the most prevalent neoplasms.

Objetivou-se com este trabalho determinar a prevalência de neoplasias cutâneas em equinos atendidos no Centro de Desenvolvimento da Pecuária da Universidade Federal da Bahia, bem como correlaciona-la com a pelagem, raça e idade do animal. Para tanto revisou-se as fichas de atendimento dos últimos dez anos. Ao avaliar as fichas, observou-se 13 casos de tumor cutâneo em equinos confirmado por histopatologia ou citologia. Os tumores cutâneos mais prevalentes foram sarcoide (38,5%), melanoma (23%) e fibrossarcoma (15,4%). Com relação a pelagem, equinos tordilhos e alazões foram os mais frequentes com 30,7% e 23,1% dos casos, respectivamente. Quanto as raças, a mangalarga marchador foi a mais prevalente (38,4%). Em relação a idade, 38,46% dos equinos possuíam até 5 anos de idade, 30,77% dos animais apresentavam idade entre 4 e 10 anos e, 30,76% apresentavam idade entre 11 e 16 anos. Ao fim, pode-se concluir que o sarcoide e o melanoma foram as neoplasias mais prevalentes.

Prevalence of dermatopathies in dogs and cats in the highland of Santa Catarina State, Brazil / Prevalência de dermatopatias em cães e gatos no planalto de Santa Catarina, Brasil

This was the first study of the prevalence of skin diseases in dogs and cats in Santa Catarina. Medical records of all canine and feline patients referred to the Veterinary Clinic of the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Curitibanos campus, were evaluated. From 2015 to 2019, 322 dogs and cats presented dermatological lesions, corresponding to 25.3% of dermatological cases. Among them, 276 (85.7%) were dogs, and 46 (14.3%) were cats. Definitive diagnose were obtained in 72.5% and 71.3% of canine and feline patients, respectively. Mixed breed adults were most likely to develop skin diseases. Among the primary conditions, parasitic, fungal, and bacterial diseases were the most prevalent for both species. In dogs, pulicosis, followed by pyoderma and dermatophytosis, were the major diseases encountered. Nevertheless, cats presented higher prevalence of fungal diseases, followed by parasitic and bacterial disorders. Malassezia otitis was the most prevalent, followed by pulicosis and dermatophytosis.

Este foi o primeiro estudo sobre prevalência de doenças cutâneas de cães e gatos em Santa Catarina. Foram avaliados os prontuários de todos os pacientes atendidos na Clínica Veterinária da UFSC, campus Curitibanos, no período de 2015 a 2019. Foram avaliados 322 animais apresentando queixas dermatológicas, o que correspondeu a 25,3% do total de casos. Entre eles, 276 (85,7%) eram cães e 46 (14,3%) eram gatos. Foi possível diagnosticar 72,5% dos cães e 71,3% dos gatos. A principal faixa etária avaliada foi de adultos e a maioria dos animais era sem raça definida. Entre as principais doenças, as parasitárias, fúngicas e bac-terianas foram as mais prevalentes para ambas as espécies. Quanto às principais doenças, nos cães as mais observadas foram puli-ciose, seguida de pioderma e dermatofitose. Para os felinos, as doenças fúngicas foram as mais prevalentes, seguidas pelas doenças parasitárias e bacterianas. A otite por Malassezia foi a doença mais prevalente, seguida por puliciose e dermatofitose.

Prevalence of dermatopathies in dogs and cats in the highland of Santa Catarina State, Brazil / Prevalência de dermatopatias em cães e gatos no planalto de Santa Catarina, Brasil

This was the first study of the prevalence of skin diseases in dogs and cats in Santa Catarina. Medical records of all canine and feline patients referred to the Veterinary Clinic of the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Curitibanos campus, were evaluated. From 2015 to 2019, 322 dogs and cats presented dermatological lesions, corresponding to 25.3% of dermatological cases. Among them, 276 (85.7%) were dogs, and 46 (14.3%) were cats. Definitive diagnose were obtained in 72.5% and 71.3% of canine and feline patients, respectively. Mixed breed adults were most likely to develop skin diseases. Among the primary conditions, parasitic, fungal, and bacterial diseases were the most prevalent for both species. In dogs, pulicosis, followed by pyoderma and dermatophytosis, were the major diseases encountered. Nevertheless, cats presented higher prevalence of fungal diseases, followed by parasitic and bacterial disorders. Malassezia otitis was the most prevalent, followed by pulicosis and dermatophytosis.(AU)

Este foi o primeiro estudo sobre prevalência de doenças cutâneas de cães e gatos em Santa Catarina. Foram avaliados os prontuários de todos os pacientes atendidos na Clínica Veterinária da UFSC, campus Curitibanos, no período de 2015 a 2019. Foram avaliados 322 animais apresentando queixas dermatológicas, o que correspondeu a 25,3% do total de casos. Entre eles, 276 (85,7%) eram cães e 46 (14,3%) eram gatos. Foi possível diagnosticar 72,5% dos cães e 71,3% dos gatos. A principal faixa etária avaliada foi de adultos e a maioria dos animais era sem raça definida. Entre as principais doenças, as parasitárias, fúngicas e bac-terianas foram as mais prevalentes para ambas as espécies. Quanto às principais doenças, nos cães as mais observadas foram puli-ciose, seguida de pioderma e dermatofitose. Para os felinos, as doenças fúngicas foram as mais prevalentes, seguidas pelas doenças parasitárias e bacterianas. A otite por Malassezia foi a doença mais prevalente, seguida por puliciose e dermatofitose.(AU)

Lesões de pele diagnosticadas em búfalos (Bubalus bubalis) na região do baixo Amazonas / Skin injuries diagnosed in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in the lower Amazon region

A pele é o maior órgão do corpo e pode ser acometida por uma série de processos patológicos. As doenças dermatológicas em geral são um aspecto frustrante na clínica de animais de grande porte. Desse modo, o objetivo deste estudo foi relatar lesões de pele diagnosticadas em búfalos na região do Baixo Amazonas, estado do Pará. Foram avaliados 156 búfalos das raças Murrah, Mediterrâneo e seus mestiços; adultos e jovens, com idade variando de oito meses a nove anos. No exame físico constatou-se que 36,5% (57/156) dos animais apresentavam abscessos no local de vacinação. Destes, 12,2% (19/156) eram abscessos com presença de alopecia e 1,3% (2/156) com fistulação Além disso, 1,3% (2/156) dos animais apresentaram ainda no local de vacinação, feridas ulceradas com presença de secreção purulenta. Identificou-se que 3,8% (6/156) dos búfalos possuíam lesões provenientes da marcação a fogo, com queimaduras, de aspecto crostoso, eritematoso e exsudativo, na região da garupa.; A maioria 64,1% (100/156) dos animais apresentaram corte das orelhas, 1,9% (3/156) apresentaram lesões por penetração de corno e em 1,2% (2/156) observou-se lesão de pele no membro posterior direito. Conclui-se que foi possível diagnosticar diversas lesões cutâneas nos búfalos na região do Baixo Amazonas, sendo o erro no manejo dos animais as principais causas das lesões diagnosticadas. Além disso, houve correlação entre dois grupos de animais avaliados (com e sem lesão).

The skin is the largest organ in the body and can be affected by a series of pathological processes. Dermatological diseases in general are a frustrating aspect in the clinic of large animals. Thus, the objective of this study was to report skin lesions diagnosed in buffaloes in the region of Baixo Amazonas, state of Pará. 156 buffaloes of the Murrah, Mediterranean and crossbred breeds were taken; Adults and young people, with ages varying from eight months to nine years. On physical examination, it was found that 36.5% (57/156) of the animals had abscesses at the vaccination site. Of these, 12.2% (19/156) were abscesses with the presence of alopecia and 1.3% (2/156) with fistulation. In addition, 1.3% (2/156) of the animals separated at the vaccination site, ulcerated wounds with the presence of purulent secretion. It was identified that 3.8% (6/156) of the buffaloes had the location of the fire mark, with burns, with a crusted, erythematous and exudative aspect, in the croup region. The majority 64.1% (100/156) of the animals separation of the ears, 1.9% (3/156) dissipation by penetration of the horn and in 1.2% (2/156) a skin lesion was observed in any limb posterior right. It was concluded that it was possible to diagnose several cutaneous lesions in buffaloes in the region of Baixo Amazonas, with the error in handling animals being the main causes of the diagnosed injuries. In addition, there was a correlation between two groups of acquired animals (with and without injury).

Lesões de pele diagnosticadas em búfalos (Bubalus bubalis) na região do baixo Amazonas / Skin injuries diagnosed in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in the lower Amazon region

A pele é o maior órgão do corpo e pode ser acometida por uma série de processos patológicos. As doenças dermatológicas em geral são um aspecto frustrante na clínica de animais de grande porte. Desse modo, o objetivo deste estudo foi relatar lesões de pele diagnosticadas em búfalos na região do Baixo Amazonas, estado do Pará. Foram avaliados 156 búfalos das raças Murrah, Mediterrâneo e seus mestiços; adultos e jovens, com idade variando de oito meses a nove anos. No exame físico constatou-se que 36,5% (57/156) dos animais apresentavam abscessos no local de vacinação. Destes, 12,2% (19/156) eram abscessos com presença de alopecia e 1,3% (2/156) com fistulação Além disso, 1,3% (2/156) dos animais apresentaram ainda no local de vacinação, feridas ulceradas com presença de secreção purulenta. Identificou-se que 3,8% (6/156) dos búfalos possuíam lesões provenientes da marcação a fogo, com queimaduras, de aspecto crostoso, eritematoso e exsudativo, na região da garupa.; A maioria 64,1% (100/156) dos animais apresentaram corte das orelhas, 1,9% (3/156) apresentaram lesões por penetração de corno e em 1,2% (2/156) observou-se lesão de pele no membro posterior direito. Conclui-se que foi possível diagnosticar diversas lesões cutâneas nos búfalos na região do Baixo Amazonas, sendo o erro no manejo dos animais as principais causas das lesões diagnosticadas. Além disso, houve correlação entre dois grupos de animais avaliados (com e sem lesão).(AU)

The skin is the largest organ in the body and can be affected by a series of pathological processes. Dermatological diseases in general are a frustrating aspect in the clinic of large animals. Thus, the objective of this study was to report skin lesions diagnosed in buffaloes in the region of Baixo Amazonas, state of Pará. 156 buffaloes of the Murrah, Mediterranean and crossbred breeds were taken; Adults and young people, with ages varying from eight months to nine years. On physical examination, it was found that 36.5% (57/156) of the animals had abscesses at the vaccination site. Of these, 12.2% (19/156) were abscesses with the presence of alopecia and 1.3% (2/156) with fistulation. In addition, 1.3% (2/156) of the animals separated at the vaccination site, ulcerated wounds with the presence of purulent secretion. It was identified that 3.8% (6/156) of the buffaloes had the location of the fire mark, with burns, with a crusted, erythematous and exudative aspect, in the croup region. The majority 64.1% (100/156) of the animals separation of the ears, 1.9% (3/156) dissipation by penetration of the horn and in 1.2% (2/156) a skin lesion was observed in any limb posterior right. It was concluded that it was possible to diagnose several cutaneous lesions in buffaloes in the region of Baixo Amazonas, with the error in handling animals being the main causes of the diagnosed injuries. In addition, there was a correlation between two groups of acquired animals (with and without injury).(AU)

Lesões de pele diagnosticadas em búfalos (Bubalus bubalis) na região do baixo Amazonas / Skin injuries diagnosed in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in the lower Amazon region

A pele é o maior órgão do corpo e pode ser acometida por uma série de processos patológicos. As doenças dermatológicas em geral são um aspecto frustrante na clínica de animais de grande porte. Desse modo, o objetivo deste estudo foi relatar lesões de pele diagnosticadas em búfalos na região do Baixo Amazonas, estado do Pará. Foram avaliados 156 búfalos das raças Murrah, Mediterrâneo e seus mestiços; adultos e jovens, com idade variando de oito meses a nove anos. No exame físico constatou-se que 36,5% (57/156) dos animais apresentavam abscessos no local de vacinação. Destes, 12,2% (19/156) eram abscessos com presença de alopecia e 1,3% (2/156) com fistulação Além disso, 1,3% (2/156) dos animais apresentaram ainda no local de vacinação, feridas ulceradas com presença de secreção purulenta. Identificou-se que 3,8% (6/156) dos búfalos possuíam lesões provenientes da marcação a fogo, com queimaduras, de aspecto crostoso, eritematoso e exsudativo, na região da garupa.; A maioria 64,1% (100/156) dos animais apresentaram corte das orelhas, 1,9% (3/156) apresentaram lesões por penetração de corno e em 1,2% (2/156) observou-se lesão de pele no membro posterior direito. Conclui-se que foi possível diagnosticar diversas lesões cutâneas nos búfalos na região do Baixo Amazonas, sendo o erro no manejo dos animais as principais causas das lesões diagnosticadas. Além disso, houve correlação entre dois grupos de animais avaliados (com e sem lesão).

The skin is the largest organ in the body and can be affected by a series of pathological processes. Dermatological diseases in general are a frustrating aspect in the clinic of large animals. Thus, the objective of this study was to report skin lesions diagnosed in buffaloes in the region of Baixo Amazonas, state of Pará. 156 buffaloes of the Murrah, Mediterranean and crossbred breeds were taken; Adults and young people, with ages varying from eight months to nine years. On physical examination, it was found that 36.5% (57/156) of the animals had abscesses at the vaccination site. Of these, 12.2% (19/156) were abscesses with the presence of alopecia and 1.3% (2/156) with fistulation. In addition, 1.3% (2/156) of the animals separated at the vaccination site, ulcerated wounds with the presence of purulent secretion. It was identified that 3.8% (6/156) of the buffaloes had the location of the fire mark, with burns, with a crusted, erythematous and exudative aspect, in the croup region. The majority 64.1% (100/156) of the animals separation of the ears, 1.9% (3/156) dissipation by penetration of the horn and in 1.2% (2/156) a skin lesion was observed in any limb posterior right. It was concluded that it was possible to diagnose several cutaneous lesions in buffaloes in the region of Baixo Amazonas, with the error in handling animals being the main causes of the diagnosed injuries. In addition, there was a correlation between two groups of acquired animals (with and without injury).

Prevalence of canine atopic dermatitis at the Veterinary Hospital of the "Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia" in Belém/Pará, Brazil / Prevalência de dermatite atópica canina no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia em Belém/Pará, Brasil

Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is a pruritic, chronic inflammatory disease, recurrent and genetically predisposed, which is the second most frequent allergic skin disorder, and ranks second among all the causes of pruritus in dogs worldwide. Given the absence of data on the occurrence of CAD in the northern region of Brazil, the aim of the current study was to conduct a survey to define the prevalence of canine atopic dermatitis attended at the Dermatology Department of the Mário Dias Teixeira Veterinary Hospital of the "Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia" (HOVET-UFRA). To determine the prevalence of CAD, a retrospective survey was carried out of clinical records and results of dermatological examinations conducted at the Dermatology Department of HOVET-UFRA Belém, Pará from October 2018 to October 2019. During this period, 456 dogs were examined, of which 25.65% (117) were diagnosed with atopic dermatitis. Among the animals diagnosed, 62.4% (73) were females and 51.7% (29) were of the Shih-tzu breed. This level of atopic dermatitis is considered high. There are still no exact data on the incidence and prevalence of this dermatopathy, with described occurrence ranging from 3 to 15% of the canine population, a geographical relationship may be present. Although a sex-related predisposition has not been proven, a higher incidence of atopy in females is described, which indicated this may be the case. The most commonly diagnosed dogs in this study were the Shih-tzu breed. It is suspected that the regional popularity of some breeds, or the different genetic backgrounds in different geographical areas, may affect the predominance of CAD in some breeds. The results of the present study demonstrate the need for more research on the prevalence of canine atopic dermatitis, and better means of characterizing the population of atopic dogs in the region, so that it is possible to obtain a reliable epidemiological profile.(AU)

A dermatite atópica canina (DAC) é uma doença inflamatória crônica e pruriginosa recorrente e geneticamente predisposta, que se destaca como o segundo transtorno cutâneo alérgico mais frequente e ocupa o segundo lugar entre todas as causas de prurido em cães. Diante da ausência de dados da ocorrência de DAC na região Norte do Brasil, objetivou-se realizar um levantamento de dados para definir a prevalência de dermatite atópica canina atendida no Serviço de Dermatologia do Hospital Veterinário Mário Dias Teixeira da Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (HOVET-UFRA). Foi realizado um levantamento retrospectivo através dos registros clínicos e dos resultados de exames dermatológicos com base nos atendimentos dermatológicos no setor de Dermatologia do HOVET-UFRA Belém/Pará, de outubro de 2018 a outubro de 2019 para determinar a prevalência de DAC. Nesse período, foram atendidos 456 cães e destes, 25,65% (117) foram diagnosticados com dermatite atópica. Dentre os animais diagnosticados, 62,4% (73) eram fêmeas e 51,7% (29) eram da raça Shih-tzu. Neste estudo houve uma alta prevalência de cães com Dermatite atópica. Ainda não existem dados exatos sobre a incidência e a prevalência desta dermatopatia, com ocorrência descrita variando de 3 a 15% da população canina, podendo ter relação geográfica. Embora a predisposição sexual não tenha sido comprovada, descreve-se maior incidência de atopia em fêmeas, concordando com esta pesquisa. Os cães mais acometidos neste estudo foram da raça Shih-tzu. Suspeita-se que a popularidade regional de algumas raças ou os diferentes antecedentes genéticos em diferentes áreas geográficas afetam a predominância de algumas raças. Estes resultados mostraram que a prevalência de DAC em cães é a mais frequentemente diagnosticada no setor de Dermatologia do HOVET-UFRA, sendo mais prevalente em fêmeas e na raça Shih-tzu, podendo refletir um aspecto regional desta dermatopatia. Os resultados do presente estudo contribuíram para demonstrar a importância de mais pesquisas sobre a prevalência da Dermatite atópica canina e melhor caracterizar a população de cães atópicos na região, para que seja possível obter um perfil epidemiológico confiável.(AU)

Eritema multiforme e suas características clínico-patológicas em um equino no Brasil / Erythema multiforme and its clinicopathological features in a horse in Brazil

Background: Erythema multiforme (EM) is an immune-mediated skin disease which may manifest as cutaneous or mucocutaneous lesions. It is uncommon in horses. EM lesions have a symmetrical bilateral distribution; they are usually urticarial, necrotizing, and, less commonly, ulcerative. In equines, the trigger is usually unknown, and cases are often classified as idiopathic. Diagnosis is based on a thorough history and physical and histopathological examination of lesions. According to the clinical presentation and histopathological characteristics of the cutaneous lesions, this case is the first report to describe diagnosis and treatment of a horse with EM in Brazil. Case: A Quarter Horse filly was followed clinically for 12 months after sudden onset of skin lesions at 18 months of age. The initial lesions were non-alopecic papules with a symmetrical bilateral distribution. Six months after onset, the skin lesions maintained the original distribution pattern; however, they had progressed to papules and plaques with varying annular, arciform, serpiginous, targetoid, or alopecic appearance. At 8 months, the same distribution pattern and appearance remained, but the lesions had become more severe and extensive, with involvement of the labial commissures and perineal region, without any erosions/ulcerations, scaling/crusting, pain, or pruritus. At 12 months, new nodular lesions were found on the medial and lateral surfaces of the hind limbs, neck, bilateral trunk, and root of the tail. The lesions were firm, non-pruritic, and non-tender on palpation. Swabs were obtained from the papular lesions. Skin specimens were also obtained with a 6-mm punch and via incisional biopsy and histological sections were made. Bacterial and fungal cultures were negative. Appropriate stains did not identify fungal structures, were negative for acid-fast bacilli, and did not reveal any metachromatic granules in the sampled cell population. The histopathological findings were characteristic of immune-mediated disease, with a vacuolar interface dermatitis affecting the hair follicles more than the epidermis, necrotic keratinocytes, lymphocyte satellitosis, leukocytoclastic mixed vasculitis of the mid-dermis and deep dermis, and variable granulation tissue, consistent with erythema multiforme and leukocytoclastic vasculitis. Immunosuppressive therapy with corticosteroids and oral supplementation with omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids and vitamin E were prescribed. After institution of therapy, no new lesions developed, the existing lesions remained stable (though permanent), and hair regrew in the previously alopecic areas. All physiological parameters remained normal throughout the follow-up period. Discussion: Erythema multiforme is rarely reported in horses. According to our literature review, this is the first description of EM in horses in Brazil. EM should be included in the differential diagnosis of horses that present with plaques in a diverse, geographic distribution and a negative initial dermatological screening examination. Further clinical investigation is warranted, with special attention to potential antigenic triggers. A thorough drug and dietary history and close attention to comorbidities are essential, as the suppression of potential culprit factors has important prognostic value and contributes to the elucidation of EM triggers.(AU)

Epidermal renewal after treatment of primary canine hypothyroidism using levothyroxine

Background: Primary canine hypothyroidism, an endocrine disorder that causes imbalances in the hypothalamus-pituitarythyroid axis, is a common cause of endocrine dermatoses, which frequently presents with opaque dry brittle hair. Tissue changes are also visible, such as myxedema, hyperkeratosis, epidermal atrophy, alopecia, and others. This paper describes the skin changes caused by primary hypothyroidism in a female dog before and after treatment with levothyroxine. Case: This case study involved a 7-year-old Dalmatian bitch with a history of weight gain and changes such as rough dry brittle hair. For about a year, the dog also had also presented symmetrical erythematous and alopecia skin lesions in the regions of the hind limbs, lower back and tail, progressive lethargy and fatigue after exercise. A hemogram showed mild normocytic and normochromic regenerative anemia, as well as mild leukopenia and neutropenia. Biochemical tests revealed increased levels of creatinine, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. Skin biopsy revealed the presence of comedones in the epidermis and acanthosis and trichilemmal keratinization. Hormonal tests revealed high TSH and low free T4 and total T4 levels. A cervical ultrasound scan showed changes in the thyroid glands, with hypoechoic parenchyma, in addition to increased size of the right lobe, suggesting thyroiditis. Based on these exams, the patient was diagnosed with primary hypothyroidism, and treatment with levothyroxine was instituted. Discussion: Around 90% of dogs with hypothyroidism show a decrease in total T4 and about 65-75% of them show an increase in TSH levels. In endocrinopathy, there is a decrease in the expression of T3 receptors in the keratinocytes and genes responsible for epidermal renewal. Also, molecules that affect epidermal differentiation bind to intracellular receptors belonging to the steroid/thyroid hormone superfamily. In this study, however, the application of the minimum levothyroxine dose restored the normal epidermal pattern for the species and the remaining parameters returned to normal. The hormone T3 acts in the differentiation of keratinocytes, a fact that, although not yet proven, is believed to be indirect and mediated by the epidermal growth factor or by the expression of the genes responsible for the renewal of the epidermis. Besides, some effects on the epidermis caused by deficiency of thyroid hormones may be due to secondary vitamin A deficiency, which is necessary for epithelial differentiation and binding epidermal growth factor (EGF) to the cell. Still, there is a theory that sex hormones also affect the differentiation of the epidermis, as studies show that deficiency causes effects similar to those caused by hypothyroidism. Some studies indicate the investigation of the relationship between secondary vitamin D deficiency and the increased cellularity of the epidermis of the spayed hypothyroid female rats. Additionally, the mechanism of the formation of hyperkeratosis in hypothyroidism is not yet elucidated. T3 is known to regulate keratin gene expression and perhaps also epidermal maturation, epithelial cycle, and normal keratin synthesis. The single treatment with levothyroxine in the female dog was effective in promoting the restoration of gene expression to T3 in keratinocytes.

Acquired skin fragility syndrome in a juvenile cat following a routine ovariohysterectomy

Background: Acquired skin fragility syndrome (ASFS) is a rare condition, which is characterized by spontaneous fragility of the skin and an absence of hyperextensibility. Even though the real pathogenesis of ASFS remains unknown that isreported generally with some iatrogenic causes and severe diseases. Thus, based on the clinical findings this is the firstreport of describes the case and treatment of feline acquired skin fragility syndrome following a routine ovariohysterectomy.Case: An 8-month-old domestic shorthair female cat was brought to the Siirt University Animal Health Application andResearch Center for ovariohysterectomy operation. Before the operation physical examination of the animal revealed bodytemperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, the color of mucosas, and lymph nodes were determined normally. Besides, thereis no hematological and biochemical problem detected. The cat had no previous history of several infections or systemicdisease. A routine ovariohysterectomy procedure was applied under general anesthesia and the cat was discharged onthe same day. Three days after that a spontaneously developed cutaneous laceration below the left scapular region wasdetermined by the cat owner. During the clinical examination, it was determined that the cat was sensitive to touch againstthe left scapular area. Multiple spontaneous skin tear was revealed over the left scapular region while shaving for betterinspection but did not obtain any problem with incision line. To identify the underlying cause of skin tearing, hematological and biochemical tests were done but the animal’s results were found within the normal references. Also, rapid bloodtests were performed for feline leukemia virus and immunodeficiency virus, and none of them were positive. Additionally,the skin was not hyperextensible. Although the clinicopathological abnormalities were...

Calcinosis cutis with large extension and uncommon location in a dog

Background: Calcinosis cutis is an uncommon dermatopathy characterized by the deposition of minerals in the skin,usually involving collagen and elastic fibers in the dermis. Usually, it results from dystrophic calcification and can begeneralized or focal. The dermatopathy may be primary or secondary to certain disorders, especially chronic proliferativeotitis, foreign body reactions, hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) and less frequently percutaneous penetration of calcium-richproducts. The aim of this report is to describe a presentation of calcinosis cutis affecting the skin of the back, internal faceof hind limbs and anal region of a 9-years-old bitch.Case: A 9-year-old, non-defined breed, bitch, ovariohysterectomized, weighing 9.45 kg, was attended at the DermatologicalService of companion animals at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Jataí (UFJ). The animal came in withthe complaint of extensive dorsal alopecia, covered by firm lesions, with a 3-month evolution, additionally to polyuria andpolydipsia. After physical examination, alopecic areas of great extension were confirmed on the dorsum, on the internalsurface of the hind limbs and in the anal region. Also, an exudative and painful lesion located on the back was detected,plus loss of elasticity of the ventral abdomen skin and visible abdominal vessels. The screening tests showed a markedincrease in the alanine aminotransferase enzyme (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total cholesterol. The specificurinary density was decreased. On the ultrasound examination, hepatomegaly and an increase in the caudal pole of the leftadrenal were detected. Based on these findings, calcinosis cutis secondary to spontaneous hyperadrenocorticism (HAC)was suspected. For confirmation, skin biopsy and low dose dexamethasone suppression test (LDDS) were performed.LDDS test showed no reduction of serum cortisol after 8 h of dexamethasone dose administration and histopathological...