Effect of increasing levels of fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins on improving performance and plasma vitamin concentration in modern hybrids pig's growth and finishing phase / Efeito do aumento dos níveis de vitaminas lipossolúveis e hidrossolúveis na melhoria do desempenho e na concentração plasmática de vitaminas em suínos híbridos modernos nas fases de crescimento e terminação

The objective was to evaluate the supplementation of fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins on the performance and plasma concentrations of vitamins in modern hybrids pigs. A total of 144 commercial hybrid castrated male, 43.531 ± 1.099kg, were used in a randomized block design with six treatments, eight replicates and three animals per pen. The experimental treatments were different vitamin supplementation levels - 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, and 125% of the recommended by Rostagno et al. (2011) for male pigs in growth I (40 to 50kg), growth II (50 to 70kg), and finishing I (70 to 90kg) phases. For growth phases I and II, a linear effect (P<0.05) due to increase in vitamin supplementation was observed on performance. For finishing phase I and total phase, a linear effect (P<0.05) was observed with increased final average weight (FAW) and improved feed conversion ratio (FCR). For average daily weight gain (ADWG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) a quadratic effect was observed (P<0.05). A linear (P<0.05) increase in plasmatic α-tocopherol and B12 was observed with the 125%. Thus, it is concluded that the 125% vitamin supplementation improved performance of modern hybrids pigs (40 to 90kg).

Objetivou-se avaliar a suplementação de vitaminas lipossolúveis e hidrossolúveis sobre o desempenho e as concentrações plasmáticas de vitaminas em suínos híbridos modernos. Um total de 144 híbridos machos castrados, 43,531 ± 1,099kg, foram distribuídos em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com seis tratamentos, oito repetições e três animais por baia. Os tratamentos foram diferentes níveis de vitaminas - 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 e 125% do recomendado por Rostagno et al. (2011) para suínos machos nas fases de crescimento I (40 a 50kg), crescimento II (50 a 70kg) e terminação I (70 a 90kg). Para as fases de crescimento I e II, observou-se efeito linear (P<0,05) devido ao aumento na suplementação vitamínica sobre o desempenho. Para a fase de terminação I e a fase total, observou-se efeito linear (P<0,05) com o aumento do peso médio final (PMF) e melhoria da conversão alimentar (CA). Já para as variáveis de ganho de peso médio diário (GPMD) e consumo de ração médio diário (CRMD,) observou-se efeito quadrático (P<0,05). Houve aumento linear (P<0,05) em α-tocoferol e cobalamina plasmáticos devido à suplementação de 125%. Assim, conclui-se que a suplementação com 125% de vitaminas melhorou o desempenho de suínos híbridos modernos (40 a 90kg).

Breeding behavioral activities of captive red pandas in Nepal

The red panda (Ailurus fulgens) population is decreasing, with less than 10,000 individuals in the wild because of habitat destruction, fragmentation, and illegal hunting. Captive breeding has become an increasingly crucial strategy for conserving endangered species, but efforts to generate self-sustaining populations have failed despite ample resources being allocated. Animals are often stressed in captivity, and it is necessary to examine reproductive behavior relating to the complexity of habitat requirements, dietary preferences, and, in particular, pregnant mothers and their sensitivity to disruptions. Using videography, we observed the reproductive behavior of two red pandas along with other behavioral activities in the Central Zoo, Kathmandu, Nepal. We collected behavioral data from December 2020 to June 2021 using scan and focal sampling. Reproductive behaviors (e.g., scent-marking, allogrooming, chasing, running, aggressiveness, mating, and feeding feces) were observed, along with behaviors like locomotion, climbing, standing, self-grooming, feeding, sleeping, self-play, and stretching. We observed 1­2% of reproductive behavior from total activity. Copulation was attempted on three occasions suggesting reproduction can be successful if animal husbandry is properly managed. We recommend zoo managers further refine strategies for captive breeding endangered species such as red pandas. Successful captive breeding benefits the zoo, and captive-born animals can mitigate extinction in the wild.

Effects of Supplementation of Zinc, Manganese, or Copper and Different Phytase Levels in Serum and Bone Acid and Alkaline Phosphatases of Broiler Chicks

The knowledge of biological trace minerals and phytase requirements for modern broiler genotypes is not established and the pressure to reduce their usage in animal feeding due to environmental issues is increasing. Here, the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and tartarate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) of the tibia and serum of broilers fed with diets containing various levels of phytase and reduced levels of zinc, manganese, and copper was evaluated. The experiment was performed using 1,200 male Cobb broilers raised according to standard commercial husbandry techniques. Data were analyzed as a 4×3 factorial arrangement with four concentrations of zinc (0.34, 0.49, 0.64, and 0.79 ppm), manganese (0.18, 0.43, 0.68, and 0.93 ppm), or copper (0.09, 0.12, 0.15, and 0.18 ppm) and three concentrations of phytase (0, 500, and 1,000 FTU/kg) for age periods of 1-21 and 36-42 days. While the dietary supplementation with copper did not induce a significant effect in bone tissue biochemical markers, serum TRAP activity of 42-day old broilers increased with higher copper levels. Increasing dietary zinc levels linearly increased ALP activity in tibia growth, suggesting that zinc is essential for longitudinal bone growth. Phytase significantly promoted the increase of TRAP and ALP activities, suggesting that manganese increased growth plate activity, accelerated calcification, and remodeled the newly formed tissue into trabecular bone. Although not every enzymatic activity was affected by the treatments, the phytase use, along with trace minerals, improved the animal response to the rapid growth required nowadays and provided the nutrients for adequate bone metabolism.(AU)

Protein and energy for maintenance and gain of European quail fed different energy sources and housed at two temperatures

The objective of this study was to evaluate whether replacing corn starch (CS) energy with isolated soy protein (ISP) and soybean oil (SO) and the ambient temperature affect the protein and energy requirements for maintenance and gain of European quail. Thus, a total of 432 European quail from 10 to 30 days of age, distributed in a completely randomized design, were used to estimate the protein and energy requirements for maintenance through the comparative slaughter methodology. The treatments consisted of three diets formulated with the replacement of CS, corresponding to 15% of the metabolizable energy in the diet, with ISP and SO, two controlled temperatures (26 and 35 °C), and three levels of feed supply (ad libitum, and 70 and 40% of ad libitum intake), with four replicates of six birds. Protein and energy requirements for weight gain were determined from 160 European quail, slaughtered every five days at 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 days of age. Birds were housed in four groups of 40 birds in a room with thermoneutral temperature (26 °C). The energy sources of the feed and temperatures studied affected protein and energy requirements for maintenance and gain of European quail. Replacing CS energy by 15% of dietary energy with SO results in lower protein and energy maintenance requirements for European quail at both temperatures. The protein and energy weight gain requirements of quail fed SO as an energy source is higher than CS and ISP.(AU)

Nutrient requirements of paricá (Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum): optimizing seedling quality for reforestation programs / Exigências nutricionais do paricá (Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum): otimizando a qualidade de mudas para programas de reflorestamento

Amazonian reforestation programs emphasize the use of species native to the region. However, reforestation using native species requires the production of high-quality seedlings. The present study aimed to evaluate the development and quality of seedlings of paricá (Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum), a species native to the Amazon with high potential for reforestation activities. We carried out a greenhouse experiment in which seedlings were subjected to treatments with varying presence of major and micronutrients in the substrate, and evaluated the effect on functional attributes (plant height, stem diameter, specific leaf area, shoot and root dry matter) and physiological response (chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid concentrations). Our results showed that nutrient omission significantly affects paricá seedling growth. Considering the assessed biometric and physiological variables, the highest nutritional requirements of seedlings were for N, P, K, micronutrients, Mg and S, while seedling quality was maintained in the absence of Ca. Overall, this species shows efficient use of available nutrients and potential for growth in soils with low concentrations of bases. Therefore, for the production of high-quality paricá seedlings, major and micronutrients should be added and lime is essential, but the good seedling performance under Ca omission suggested that this element does not need to be added to the soil.(AU)

Os programas de reflorestamento da Amazônia enfatizam o uso de espécies nativas da região. No entanto, o reflorestamento com espécies nativas requer a produção de mudas de alta qualidade. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento e a qualidade de mudas de paricá (Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum), espécie nativa da Amazônia com alto potencial para atividades de reflorestamento. Realizamos um experimento em casa de vegetação no qual mudas foram submetidas a tratamentos com presença variável de macro e micronutrientes no substrato, e avaliamos o efeito sobre os atributos funcionais (altura da planta, diâmetro do caule, área foliar específica, matéria seca da parte aérea e raiz) e resposta fisiológica (concentração de clorofila a, b e carotenóides). Nossos resultados mostraram que a omissão de nutrientes afeta significativamente o crescimento do paricá. Considerando as variáveis biométricas e fisiológicas avaliadas, as maiores exigências nutricionais das plântulas foram para N, P, K, micronutrientes, Mg e S, enquanto a qualidade das plântulas foi mantida na ausência de Ca. De modo geral, esta espécie apresenta uso eficiente dos nutrientes disponíveis e potencial de crescimento em solos com baixas concentrações de bases. Portanto, para a produção de mudas de paricá de alta qualidade, devem ser adicionados macro e micronutrientes e o calcário é essencial, mas o bom desempenho das mudas sob omissão de Ca sugere que este elemento não precisa ser adicionado ao solo.(AU)

Dynamic of fish trophic guilds in the plateau-plain gradient in the Paraguay River, Northern Pantanal

This study aims to evaluate the dynamics of fish trophic guilds according to the longitudinal gradient of the Paraguay River, northern Pantanal, Brazil. Three river segments were sampled: plateau, confluence and plain. These segments have different physical and biological characteristics, with high water flow in forest areas in plateau and slow flow in meanders, with Pantanal typical vegetation. In total, 26,542 individuals distributed in 130 fish species were collected. The sampled species were characterized in seven trophic guilds. From the seven trophic guilds identified, only three were statistically related to the type of the environment; herbivores were more abundant in the plateau, piscivores in the confluence, and invertivores in the plain. According to values of corrected Akaike Information Criteria, the environmental variable that best explains the abundance of piscivorous fishes in the segments sampled in the Paraguay River was water transparency. For herbivores, the model that explained the variation in abundance was composed by temperature, altitude and dense forest proportion. The variable altitude best represented the abundance of invertivores. Water transparency, temperature, altitude, river width and dense forest proportion were determining factors for the distribution of piscivorous, herbivorous and invertivorous fishes as a response to an environmental gradient that meets its ecological requirements. Understanding the trophic relationships is fundamental for management actions, contributing to the maintenance of ecosystem services of different species. Therefore, future research must be taken into account regarding management and ecological relationships.(AU)

Dietary net energy levels for growing barrows from 30 to 70 kg / Níveis de energia líquida para suínos machos castrados dos 30 aos 70 kg

This study evaluated the effect of dietary net energy (NE) levels on growth performance and carcass characteristics of barrows from 30 to 70 kg of body weight (BW). Sixty barrows with initial body weight (IBW) of 31.94 ± 3.54 kg and final body weight (FBW) of 71.98 ± 5.99 kg were allotted to one of five dietary NE levels (2.40, 2.45, 2.50, 2.55, and 2.60 Mcal kg-¹), using a completely randomized block design with six replicates and two barrows per replicate. The experimental period was divided into phase I: 30 to 50 kg and phase II: 50 to 70 kg. The variables analyzed were average daily feed intake (ADFI), net energy intake (NEI), digestible lysine intake (LysI), average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion (FC), FBW, digestible lysine conversion:gain (LysI:G), Cost:Gain (C:G), loin eye area (LEA), muscle depth (MD), first backfat layer (BF1), second backfat layer (BF2), total backfat (BFt), lean meat percentage, and carcass bonus index (BI). In phase I, there was a linear increase (P < 0.05) in FBW, ADG, NEI, and LysI with increasing NE levels in the diet. In phase II, increasing dietary NE levels also increased (P < 0.05) FBW, ADG, NEI, LysI, and FC linearly. Overall, there was a linear increase (P < 0.05) in ADG, NEI, LysI, and FC with increasing NE levels in the diet. The other performance variables were not affected (P > 0.05) by the NE levels. There was an increase (P < 0.05) in BF2 with increasing NE levels, but the other carcass characteristics were not altered (P > 0.05). We recommended 2.60 Mcal of NE kg-¹ in the diet for growing barrows from 30 to 70 kg.

Realizou-se este estudo com o objetivo de avaliar níveis de energia líquida (EL), mantendo a relação caloria: nutriente, no desempenho e características de carcaça de suínos dos 30 aos 70 kg. Foram utilizados 60 suínos machos castrados, com pesos iniciais de 31,94 ± 3,54 kg e finais de 71,98 ± 5,99 kg. Os animais foram distribuídos em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, em cinco níveis de EL (2,40; 2,45; 2,50; 2,55; 2,60 Mcal de EL kg-¹ de dieta), com seis repetições e dois animais por unidade experimental. O período experimental foi dividido em fase I: 30 aos 50 kg e fase II: 50 aos 70 kg. As variáveis analisadas foram os consumos de ração diária (CRD), energia líquida (CEL) e lisina digestível (CLdig), ganho de peso diário (GPD), conversão alimentar (CA), peso final (PF), conversão de lisina digestível: ganho (CLdig:G), custo: ganho (C:G), área de olho de lombo (AOL), profundidade de músculo (PM), espessura de toucinho da primeira camada (ET1), espessura de toucinho da segunda camada (ET2), espessura de toucinho total (ETt), percentual de carne magra (CM) e o índice de bonificação de carcaça (IB). Dos 30 aos 50 kg, verificou-se aumento linear (P < 0,05) do PF, GPD e dos CEL e CLdig com o aumento dos níveis de EL na dieta. Dos 50 aos 70 kg, o aumento dos níveis de EL na dieta promoveu melhora linear (P < 0,05) do PF, GPD, CEL, CLdig e da CA dos suínos. No período total, verificou-se aumento linear (P < 0,05) do GPD, CEL, CLdig e melhora linear (P < 0,05) da CA de acordo com o aumento do nível de EL na dieta. As demais variáveis de desempenho não foram afetadas (P > 0,05) pelos níveis de EL. Verificou-se aumento (P < 0,05) da ET2 de acordo com o aumento do nível de EL, porém sem alterar (P > 0,05) as demais características de carcaça. Recomenda-se o nível 2,60 Mcal de EL kg-¹ de dieta para suínos machos castrados dos 30 aos 70 kg.

Prenatal origins of productivity and quality of beef

The productive traits of beef cattle are orchestrated by their genetics, postnatal environmental conditions, and also by the intrauterine background. Both under- or overnutrition, as specific dietary components, are able to promote persistent effects on the offspring. This occurs because dietary factors act not only affecting the availability of substrates for fetal anabolism and oxidative metabolism, but also as signals that regulate several events toward fetal development. Therefore, this study aimed to summarize the gestational nutrition effects on the offspring performance and meat quality in a long term. Overall, studies have shown that many of these alterations are under the control of epigenetic mechanisms, as DNA methylation, histones modification, and non-coding RNA. The current knowledge has indicated that the fetal programming responses are dependent on the window of fetal development in which the dietary treatment is applied, the intensity of maternal nutritional stimuli, and the treatment application length. Collectively, studies demonstrated that muscle cell hyperplasia is impaired when maternal requirements were not achieved in the second third of gestation, which limits the formation of a greater number of muscle fibers and the offspring growth potential in a long term. Changes in muscle fibers metabolism and in collagen content were also reported as consequence of a dietary perturbation during pregnancy. In contrast, a maternal overnutrition during the late pregnancy has been associated with beneficial responses on meat quality. In summary, ensuring an adequate maternal environment during the fetal development is crucial to enhance the productive responses in beef cattle operations.(AU)

Effects of Dietary Fiber on Growth Performance, Fat Deposition, Fat Metabolism, and Expression of Lipoprotein Lipase Mrna in Two Breeds of Geese

ABSTRACT The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary fiber on growth performance, fat deposition, serum lipids, fat metabolism, and mRNA (messenger RNA) expression of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in Jilin white and Carlos geese. Sixty Jilin white and sixty Carlos geese aged six-weeks and of similar health and weight (average weight 313.11g) were selected. Geese of each breed were randomly divided into two groups (n=30), and with each group containing three replicate subgroups of 10 geese. The diet was supplemented with 8% or 11% fiber (corn straw powder). The Jilin white geese are divided into A1 (8%) and A2 (11%) groups, and Carlos geese are divided into B1 (8%) and B2 (11%) groups. The experiment lasted 35 days. The results showed that high dietary fiber can significantly (p 0.05) increase average daily feed intake (ADFI), significantly (p 0.05) reduce final weight (FW) and average daily gain (ADG) of both varieties, and increase LPL mRNA expression levels in abdominal fat, liver, sebum, and urethral glands. High dietary fiber accelerates intestinal peristalsis, affects the absorption of other nutrients, reduces the available energy value of the absorbed feed, and increases fat loss. Compared with the to Carlos geese, high dietary fiber content had a more significant effect on the live, slaughter, and sebum weights and sebum percentage of the Jilin white geese, indicating that the Carlos geese have higher requirements for dietary fiber content. High fiber content will reduce the growth performance, slaughter performance, and fat deposition of geese.

Digestible energy and protein requirements for maintenance and growth of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus): A factorial approach-based model

Results of nutrient requirements as determined in dose-response trials are valid only for fish within the same size range of that of experimental model fish. This study used the factorial approach to estimate digestible energy (DE) and digestible protein (DP) requirements for maintenance and growth of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). Juvenile pacu (63.5 ± 1.27 g) were stocked in a recirculation system (26.89 ± 0.36 °C) for 58 days, and fed two daily meals. One diet contained 6.96 % lipids (LF) and another 9.98 % lipids (HF), both diets formulated to contain 32 % crude protein, theoretical dietary energy level for maintenance (52.23 kJ DE kg-0.80 d-¹), in a completely randomized, 2 × 5 factorial experimental design. The apparent digestibility coefficients of energy and protein were 84.66 ± 0.27 % and 89.20 ± 0.61 %, respectively, determined in specific assays for the HF diet, while for the LF diet, the values were 84.52 ± 0.37 % and 89.19 ± 0.16 %, respectively. The analysis of growth and carcass composition data revealed that dietary requirements of digestible energy and protein for maintenance were not influenced by dietary lipid levels; however, requirements of growth digestible energy were higher for fish fed the LF diet (1.39) than for fish fed the HF diet (1.29). The requirement of DP for growth, expressed as g of DP per g of deposited protein, were higher for fish fed the LF diet than for fish fed the HF diet (1.70 vs 1.58).

Digestible energy and protein requirements for maintenance and growth of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus): A factorial approach-based model

Results of nutrient requirements as determined in dose-response trials are valid only for fish within the same size range of that of experimental model fish. This study used the factorial approach to estimate digestible energy (DE) and digestible protein (DP) requirements for maintenance and growth of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). Juvenile pacu (63.5 ± 1.27 g) were stocked in a recirculation system (26.89 ± 0.36 °C) for 58 days, and fed two daily meals. One diet contained 6.96 % lipids (LF) and another 9.98 % lipids (HF), both diets formulated to contain 32 % crude protein, theoretical dietary energy level for maintenance (52.23 kJ DE kg-0.80 d-¹), in a completely randomized, 2 × 5 factorial experimental design. The apparent digestibility coefficients of energy and protein were 84.66 ± 0.27 % and 89.20 ± 0.61 %, respectively, determined in specific assays for the HF diet, while for the LF diet, the values were 84.52 ± 0.37 % and 89.19 ± 0.16 %, respectively. The analysis of growth and carcass composition data revealed that dietary requirements of digestible energy and protein for maintenance were not influenced by dietary lipid levels; however, requirements of growth digestible energy were higher for fish fed the LF diet (1.39) than for fish fed the HF diet (1.29). The requirement of DP for growth, expressed as g of DP per g of deposited protein, were higher for fish fed the LF diet than for fish fed the HF diet (1.70 vs 1.58).(AU)

Nutritional plans of net energy with a constant calorie: nutrient ratio on the performance of piglets from 7 to 30 kg

This study was conducted to evaluate different nutritional plans of net energy (NE) with a constant calorie:nutrient ratio on the performance of piglets from 7 to 30 kg. Sixty barrows with an initial weight of 7.11±0.89 kg were distributed among five nutritional plans: two NE-decreasing plans (A and B, starting from NE concentrations of 2.47 and 2.52 Mcal kg−1, respectively, and ending both at 2.37 Mcal kg−1) and three NE-constant plans (C, 2.37 Mcal kg−1; D, 2.42 Mcal kg−1; and E, 2.47 Mcal kg−1). The nutritional plans were composed of two decreasing plans: A, 2.47-2.42-2.37- 2.37-2.37 Mcal of NE kg−1 of feed; B, 2.52-2.47-2.42-2.37-2.37 Mcal of NE kg−1 of feed; and three constant plans: C, 2.37 Mcal of NE kg−1 of feed; D, 2.42 Mcal of NE kg−1 of feed; E, 2.47 Mcal of NE kg−1 of feed, from 7 to 10, 10 to 15, 15 to 20, 20 to 25, and 25 to 30 kg, respectively, with six replicates per treatment and two animals per experimental unit. Animal performance was evaluated through the following measurements: average daily feed intake (ADFI), NE intake, standardized ileal digestible lysine intake (SID Lys intake), average daily gain (ADG), feed:gain ratio (F:G), final weight (FW), feed cost per kg of weight gain (CWG), economic efficiency index (EEI), and fecal score. Piglets' final weight was 32.95±3.30 kg. Considering the total experimental period, there was no effect of the nutritional plan on ADG, F:G, CWG, and EEI. The final weight of piglets under plan D was higher than that recorded for those allocated to plan C, not differing from the other nutritional plans. Piglets fed under nutritional plans A and D presented higher ADFI compared with those subjected to other plans. Net energy and SID Lys intakes were significantly higher in piglets subjected to plans A, D, and E compared with those under plans B and C. Net energy nutritional plans did not influence the fecal score and the occurrence of diarrhea of the piglets. Based on our analysis, a nutritional plan containing a constant NE level of 2.42 Mcal kg−1 of feed may be recommended for piglets from 7 to 30 kg.

Net Energy Prediction Equations Used in Chinese Yellow Chickens for Energy Evaluation

ABSTRACT This study assessed whether the net energy (NE) system is beneficial for determining the efficiency of feed utilization in Chinese Yellow Chickens. A total of 5,600 male Chinese Yellow Chickens were assigned to eight dietary treatments (ten replicate pens per treatment and 70 chickens per pen) of differing apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and NE values. A highly significant linear correlation between dietary energy and feed conversion ratios (FCR) was observed (p 0.01). The linear regression equation between metabolizable energy (ME) and FCR was: AME=1435.5×F/G+6278.2, where R²=0.8272. The linear regression equation between NE and FCR was NE=1350.1×F/G+5340.9, and R²=0.9551. The R² of FCR (0.9551) for diets formulated using NE values was higher than the R² of FCR (0.8272) for diets prepared on the basis of the ME system. We conclude that the NE system is more accurate than the AME system for determining the energy requirements of Chinese Yellow Chickens.

Does public pension impact migrant workers’ nutrition: evidence from urban pension insurance in China / A previdência pública impacta a nutrição de trabalhadores migrantes: evidências do seguro de pensão urbana na China

Based on the data of “employment and food demand of urban migrant workers”, this paper empirically analyzed the impact of urban pension insurance on the nutritional intake structure of migrant workers. The results showed that participating in urban pension insurance can change the nutritional intake structure of migrant workers. Additionally, fat and protein replace carbohydrate as the main nutrition sources for migrant workers. After controlling the income and labor intensity of migrant workers and other factors, urban pension insurance has a positive effect on the intake of fat and protein of migrant workers for they increase by 13.5% and 8.8% respectively. There is no significant effect on the intake of carbohydrates of migrant workers. The calorie intake of migrant workers increases by 6.8% accounting for the change of nutritional intake structure. Endogenous and robustness tests showed that the above conclusions are robust. Heterogeneity analysis showed that there is no significant difference in the effect of urban pension insurance on calorie intake of migrant workers in different income levels and age groups.

Este artigo usa os dados da pesquisa de “Emprego e demanda alimentar dos trabalhadores migrantes urbanos” para analisar empiricamente o impacto do seguro patrimonial urbano na estrutura de ingestão nutricional dos trabalhadores migrantes. O estudo constatou que: o seguro-pensão urbano mudou a estrutura de ingestão nutricional dos trabalhadores migrantes. Gordura e proteína substituíram os carboidratos e se tornaram a principal fonte de nutrição dos trabalhadores migrantes. Depois de controlar fatores como a renda e a intensidade do trabalho dos trabalhadores migrantes, o seguro de pensão urbana aumentou significativamente a ingestão de gordura e proteína dos trabalhadores migrantes em 13,5% e 8,8%, respectivamente, enquanto a ingestão de carboidratos dos trabalhadores migrantes não foi afetada. Significativamente afetado. A transformação da estrutura de ingestão nutricional dos trabalhadores migrantes aumentou sua ingestão calórica em 6,8%. Os testes de endogenia e robustez mostram que as conclusões acima são robustas. A análise de heterogeneidade mostra que não há diferença significativa no efeito do seguro previdenciário urbano sobre o aumento da ingestão de calorias para trabalhadores migrantes de diferentes níveis de renda e diferentes grupos etários.

Does public pension impact migrant workers nutrition: evidence from urban pension insurance in China / A previdência pública impacta a nutrição de trabalhadores migrantes: evidências do seguro de pensão urbana na China

Based on the data of “employment and food demand of urban migrant workers”, this paper empirically analyzed the impact of urban pension insurance on the nutritional intake structure of migrant workers. The results showed that participating in urban pension insurance can change the nutritional intake structure of migrant workers. Additionally, fat and protein replace carbohydrate as the main nutrition sources for migrant workers. After controlling the income and labor intensity of migrant workers and other factors, urban pension insurance has a positive effect on the intake of fat and protein of migrant workers for they increase by 13.5% and 8.8% respectively. There is no significant effect on the intake of carbohydrates of migrant workers. The calorie intake of migrant workers increases by 6.8% accounting for the change of nutritional intake structure. Endogenous and robustness tests showed that the above conclusions are robust. Heterogeneity analysis showed that there is no significant difference in the effect of urban pension insurance on calorie intake of migrant workers in different income levels and age groups.(AU)

Este artigo usa os dados da pesquisa de “Emprego e demanda alimentar dos trabalhadores migrantes urbanos” para analisar empiricamente o impacto do seguro patrimonial urbano na estrutura de ingestão nutricional dos trabalhadores migrantes. O estudo constatou que: o seguro-pensão urbano mudou a estrutura de ingestão nutricional dos trabalhadores migrantes. Gordura e proteína substituíram os carboidratos e se tornaram a principal fonte de nutrição dos trabalhadores migrantes. Depois de controlar fatores como a renda e a intensidade do trabalho dos trabalhadores migrantes, o seguro de pensão urbana aumentou significativamente a ingestão de gordura e proteína dos trabalhadores migrantes em 13,5% e 8,8%, respectivamente, enquanto a ingestão de carboidratos dos trabalhadores migrantes não foi afetada. Significativamente afetado. A transformação da estrutura de ingestão nutricional dos trabalhadores migrantes aumentou sua ingestão calórica em 6,8%. Os testes de endogenia e robustez mostram que as conclusões acima são robustas. A análise de heterogeneidade mostra que não há diferença significativa no efeito do seguro previdenciário urbano sobre o aumento da ingestão de calorias para trabalhadores migrantes de diferentes níveis de renda e diferentes grupos etários.(AU)

Performance, carcass traits and non-carcass components of lambs fed different levels of crambe meal / Desempenho, características de carcaça e componentes não-carcaça de cordeiros alimentados com diferentes teores de farelo de crambe

The goal of this study was to evaluate different levels of crambe meal (0, 330, 670 and 1,000 g kg-1 dry matter [DM]) as a replacement for soybean meal in diets supplied to feedlot lambs, and their effects on performance, carcass traits and non-carcass components. Twenty-four castrated lambs weighing 18.2 kg at the beginning of the experiment were allocated in a completely randomized design. Diets were formulated to meet the requirements of the lamb for an average daily gain of 0.200 kg. The roughage:concentrate ratio was 60:40, using Brachiaria dyctioneura hay as roughage. Dry matter intake, feed conversion, average daily gain, carcass traits and non-carcass components were evaluated. There was no effect of different levels of crambe meal replacing soybean meal on performance, carcass traits and non-carcass components, except heart weight. Replacement 1,000 g kg-1 DM of soybean meal protein by crambe meal protein does not affect the performance, carcass traits, or non-carcass components.(AU)

O objetivo foi avaliar diferentes teores de farelo de crambe (0, 330, 670 e 1000 g kg-1 MS) em substituição ao farelo de soja na ração de ovinos confinados, sobre o desempenho, características de carcaça e componentes não-carcaça. Foram utilizados 24 cordeiros, machos, castrados, com peso médio inicial de 18,2 kg e aproximadamente quatro meses de idade, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. As rações foram formuladas para atender as exigências nutricionais para ganho de peso diário de 0, 200 kg dia-1. A proporção volumoso:concentrado foi de 60:40, e o volumoso utilizado foi o feno de Brachiaria dyctioneura. Foram avaliados o consumo de matéria seca, conversão alimentar, ganho de peso diário, características de carcaça e componentes não-carcaça. Não houve efeito dos diferentes teores de substituição do farelo de soja pelo farelo de crambe sobre as variáveis de desempenho, características de carcaça e componentes não-carcaça, com exceção do peso do coração. A substituição de 1000 g kg-1 MS da proteína do farelo de soja pela proteína do farelo de crambe não afeta o desempenho, características de carcaça e componentes não-carcaça.(AU)

Behavioral parameters and surface temperatures of feed chicken with different leves vitamin E / Parâmetros comportamentais e temperaturas de superfície de frangos alimentados com diferentes níveis de vitamina E

The objective of this study was to evaluate the behavioural parameters and surface temperatures of broilers fed different vitamin E levels. A total of 240 male, day-old Cobb 500® broiler chicks were raised until the seventh day of life, according to the recommendations for the strain, receiving feed with only 50% of vitamin E requirements. At eight days of age, the birds were weighed and standardised, and the treatments distributed in a completely randomised design with four treatments (50, 100, 150 and 200% of vitamin E requirements) and six replicates of ten birds per experimental unit. The variables evaluated were the behavioural parameters of the birds (eating, drinking, idleness and other activities) and the feed intake within 24 hours as well as the maximum and minimum surface temperatures, and thermal amplitudes at the end of each life cycle (21 and 42 days). Vitamin E levels did not influence behavioural parameters or feed intake over 24 hours at 21 and 42 days of age. There was no interaction between vitamin E levels and maximum and minimum temperatures or thermal amplitudes. However, the maximum and minimum temperatures and thermal amplitudes were influenced by the morning and afternoon periods at 21 and 42 days of age. Dietary vitamin E levels did not influence the behavioural patterns of broilers at 21 and 42 days of age.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar os parâmetros comportamentais e as temperaturas superficiais de frangos de corte alimentados com diferentes níveis de vitamina E. Um total de 240 pintos de corte machos Cobb 500® de um dia foram criados até o sétimo dia de vida, de acordo com a recomendação da linhagem e recebendo ração com apenas 50% das necessidades de vitamina E. Aos oito dias de idade, as aves foram pesadas e padronizadas e os tratamentos distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos (50, 100, 150 e 200% das necessidades de vitamina E) e seis repetições de dez aves por unidade experimental. As variáveis avaliadas foram os parâmetros comportamentais das aves (comer, beber, ociosidade e outras atividades) e o consumo de ração em 24 horas, bem como as temperaturas superficiais máximas, mínimas e amplitudes térmicas ao final de cada ciclo de vida (21 e 42 dias). Os níveis de vitamina E não influenciaram os parâmetros comportamentais e o consumo de ração ao longo de 24 horas aos 21 e 42 dias de idade. Não houve interação entre os níveis de vitamina E para temperaturas máximas e mínimas e amplitudes térmicas. Porém, as temperaturas máximas e mínimas e amplitudes térmicas foram influenciadas pelos períodos da manhã e da tarde aos 21 e 42 dias de idade. Os níveis de vitamina E na dieta não influenciaram os padrões de comportamento de frangos de corte aos 21 e 42 dias de idade.(AU)

Metabolizable energy levels in diets with a fixed nutrient: calorie ratio for free-range broilers / Níveis de energia metabolizável com manutenção da relação nutriente: caloria em dietas para frangos de corte tipo caipira

The present study proposes to examine the effect of dietary levels of metabolizable energy, under a fixed nutrient:calorie ratio, on the production performance; body fat and protein deposition; and carcass characteristics of free-range broilers from 1 to 84 days of age. Nine hundred unsexed chicks were allocated to six treatments in a completely randomized design with six replicates of 25 birds each. Treatments consisted of diets with varying levels of metabolizable energy (2700, 2800, 2900, 3000, 3100 and 3200 Kcal ME/kg of diet) and a fixed proportion of nutrients relative to the energy level according to the nutritional requirements for each rearing phase. Body weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, production viability, metabolizable energy intake, protein intake, lysine intake, body fat deposition, body protein deposition and carcass characteristics were evaluated. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and, later, to regression analysis. Increasing levels of metabolizable energy, coupled with a fixed nutrient:calorie ratio, reduced feed intake, increased body weight and weight gain, improved feed conversion and did not affect carcass characteristics. In conclusion, adjusting the nutrient supply according to the dietary energy level improves production performance by improving feed conversion, ensuring adequate nutrient intake and preserving fat and protein deposition in the carcass when the metabolizable energy level is raised up to 3200 Kcal/kg in all rearing stages.(AU)

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os níveis de energia metabolizável, sob uma relação nutriente:caloria fixa, no desempenho produtivo; deposição de gordura e proteína corporal e características de carcaça de frangos de corte tipo caipiras. Foram utilizados novecentos pintainhos não sexados, distribuidos em seis tratamentos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com seis repetições de 25 aves cada. Os tratamentos consistiram em dietas com diferentes níveis de energia metabolizável (2700, 2800, 2900, 3000, 3100 e 3200 Kcal EM / kg de dieta) e uma proporção fixa de nutrientes em relação ao nível de energia de acordo com as necessidades nutricionais de cada fase de criação. Foram avaliados o peso corporal, ganho de peso, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar, viabilidade criatória, consumo de energia metabolizável, consumo de proteína, consumo de lisina, deposição de gordura corporal, deposição de proteína corporal e características de carcaça. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e posteriormente à análise de regressão. O aumento dos níveis de energia metabolizável juntamente com a manutenção da relação nutriente:caloria reduziu o consumo de ração, aumentou o peso corporal e o ganho de peso, melhorou a conversão alimentar e não afetou as características da carcaça. Em conclusão, o ajuste da oferta de nutrientes de acordo com o nível de energia da dieta melhora o desempenho da produção, melhorando a conversão alimentar, garantindo a ingestão adequada de nutrientes e preservando a deposição de gordura e proteína na carcaça quando o nível de energia metabolizável é elevado até 3200 Kcal/kg em todas as fases de criação.(AU)

Nutritional management and sexual condition in cattle determine differentiation in the fatty acid profile of meat / Práticas nutricionais e condição sexual em bovinos determinam diferenciação no perfil de ácidos graxos da carne

This study aimed at evaluating the fatty acid profile of meat from feedlot finished heifers and steers fed with high-grain diets. It was used 45 Charolais and Nellore crossbred cattle, 21 of them were heifers with an initial age of 32 ± 2 months and 359.9 ± 6.7 kg of body weight, and 24 were steers with an initial age of 20 ± 2 months and 337.6 ± 6.2 kg of body weight. The animals were distributed in the treatments according to the energy source used in the diet, being them: rice, white oats or corn, using seven heifers and eight steers for each diet. The experimental design was completely randomized, with factorial arrangement 3 x 2 (three treatments and two sexual conditions). The diet based on corn provided higher levels of pentadecylic and margaric fatty acids. Excepting elaidic fatty acid, beef from steers and heifers was similar for the different saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids evaluated. A rice-based diet is advantageous when meat production is recommended with greater participation of fatty acids from the omega-3 group. When finished in feedlot with high-grain diets, the heifers produce meat with higher conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content and a better ratio between omega-6/omega-3 fatty acids compared to steers. These findings indicate that it is possible to modify undesirable characteristics in meat through the nutritional management of animals, searching for a product that meets the requirements of a modern population, which is redefining its principles regarding food.(AU)

O presente estudo objetivou avaliar o perfil de ácidos graxos da carne de novilhos e novilhas, terminados em confinamento e alimentados com dietas de alto grão. Utilizaram-se 45 bovinos, sendo 21 novilhas com idade inicial de 32 ± 2 meses e 359,9 ± 6,7 kg, e 24 novilhos com idade inicial de 20 ± 2 meses e 337,6 ± 6,2 kg, oriundos do cruzamento entre as raças Charolês e Nelore. Os animais foram distribuídos nos tratamentos conforme a fonte energética utilizada na dieta, sendo essas: arroz; aveia branca ou milho, sendo utilizados sete novilhas e oito novilhos para cada dieta alimentar. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com arranjo fatorial 3 x 2 (três tratamentos e duas condições sexuais). A dieta a base de milho proporcionou maiores teores de ácidos graxos pentadecílico e margárico. A exceção do ácido graxo elaídico, a carne de novilhos e novilhas foi similar para os distintos ácidos graxos saturados e monoinsaturados avaliados. A dieta a base de grão de arroz mostra-se vantajosa quando se preconiza a produção de carne com maior participação de ácidos graxos do grupo ômega 3. As novilhas, quando terminadas em confinamento com dietas de alto grão, produzem carne com maior teor de ácido linoleico conjugado (CLA) e melhor relação entre ácidos graxos ômega 6/ ômega 3 comparadas aos novilhos. Essas constatações indicam que é possível modificar as características indesejáveis da carne a partir do manejo nutricional dos animais, na busca por um produto que atenda as exigências da população moderna, que está redefinindo os seus princípios com relação a alimentação.(AU)

Condições higiênico-sanitárias de estabelecimentos comercializadores de carnes em Aracati Ceará / Hygienic-sanitary conditions of meat traders establishments in Aracati Ceará

O presente estudo teve como finalidade verificar as condições higiênicossanitárias de estabelecimentos que comercializam carnes em Aracati Ceará. Foram visitados 9 (nove) locais sendo: 3 (três) supermercados, 3 (três) açougues e 3 (três) boxes do mercado municipal e aplicada uma lista de verificação com base na Resolução de Diretoria Colegiada (RDC) 275/2002 e 216/2004, compreendendo: situação e condições de edificação; equipamentos/instrumentos, utensílios e móveis; pessoal na área de manipulação/venda; carne in natura. De acordo com o nível de adequação, observou-se que a maior parte deles se caracterizou como ruim, correspondendo a 44,44% (n=4), seguido de 22,22% (n=2) que foram considerados ótimos, 22,22% (n=2) regulares e 11,11% (n=1) bons. Todos os estabelecimentos apresentaram alguma não conformidade com as exigências da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA). As condições higiênico-sanitárias e boas práticas, na maior parte dos estabelecimentos visitados possuíram resultados insatisfatórios. Para corrigir as irregularidades encontradas são necessárias adequações nas estruturas físicas, bem como fortalecimento na atuação da Vigilância Sanitária municipal não só em relação às inspeções sanitárias, mas também através de capacitações com os manipuladores de cárneos do município, garantindo a segurança alimentar e preservando a saúde dos consumidores.(AU)

The present study aimed to verify the hygienic-sanitary conditions of establishments that sell meat in Aracati - Ceará. Nine (9) locations were visited: 3 (three) supermarkets, 3 (three) butchers and 3 (three) boxes of the municipal market and a checklist was applied based on Collegiate Board Resolution (RDC) 275/2002 and 216 / 2004, comprising: edification situation and conditions; equipment / instruments, utensils and furniture; handling / sales personnel; fresh meat. According to the level of suitability, was observed most of them were characterized as bad, corresponding to 44.44% (n=4), followed by 22.22% (n=2) that were considered excellent, 22.22% (n=2) regular and 11.11% (n=1) good. All establishments had some type of noncompliance with the requirements of the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA). Regarding hygienic conditions and good practices, most of the establishments visited had unsatisfactory results. To correct the irregularities found, it is necessary to adapt the physical structures, as well as strengthening the performance of the Municipal Health Surveillance not only in relation to sanitary inspections, but also through training with the municipal meat handlers, ensuring food security and preserving the consumer health.(AU)