Esophageal diverticulum and megaesophagus in a dog and a cat

Background: Esophageal diverticula are pouch-like dilatations in the esophageal wall that rarely affect dogs and cats, and may have the megaesophagus as a base cause. The definitive method of diagnosis is the contrasting chest X-ray that will visualize the sacculation.Cases: Case 1. A feline male, mixed breed, with 40 days of life was seen with complaint of postprandial regurgitation that was repeated at each meal. On physical examination, the animal was below ideal weight, apathetic, with pale mucosa and bristly. It was suspected of megaesophagus, which was confirmed by contrasting thoracic lateral-lateral (LL) radiography, and the patient also had anterior partial esophageal dilation to the topographic image of the heart. The image was suggestive of persistence of the right aortic arch, and corrective surgery was indicated but it was not authorized by the tutors. Therefore, conservative dietary treatment was instituted. The animal remained stable for a period of one and a half years. After this period the patient returned with an aggravated condition of vomiting, anorexia and apathy. The same clinical condition was maintained in the chest X-ray. An esophageal flushing was indicated, which was not authorized by the tutors, being prescribed mucosal protector and antibiotic. The medication was maintained by the tutor and after 1 month of the initial care, the clinical condition worsened and the animal died. Case 2. A 6-month-old male Pinscher dog weighing 1 kg was seen with postprandial regurgitation complaint since the beginning of the weaning transition period. In the esophagography performed a compatible radiographic image was seen with a diverticulum of the cranial thoracic esophagus and congenital total megaesophagus. The treatment adopted was conservative. Twelve months after the initial care, the animal presented radiographically resolution of the diverticulum and megaesophagus and was in good health.[...]

Esophageal diverticulum and megaesophagus in a dog and a cat

Background: Esophageal diverticula are pouch-like dilatations in the esophageal wall that rarely affect dogs and cats, and may have the megaesophagus as a base cause. The definitive method of diagnosis is the contrasting chest X-ray that will visualize the sacculation.Cases: Case 1. A feline male, mixed breed, with 40 days of life was seen with complaint of postprandial regurgitation that was repeated at each meal. On physical examination, the animal was below ideal weight, apathetic, with pale mucosa and bristly. It was suspected of megaesophagus, which was confirmed by contrasting thoracic lateral-lateral (LL) radiography, and the patient also had anterior partial esophageal dilation to the topographic image of the heart. The image was suggestive of persistence of the right aortic arch, and corrective surgery was indicated but it was not authorized by the tutors. Therefore, conservative dietary treatment was instituted. The animal remained stable for a period of one and a half years. After this period the patient returned with an aggravated condition of vomiting, anorexia and apathy. The same clinical condition was maintained in the chest X-ray. An esophageal flushing was indicated, which was not authorized by the tutors, being prescribed mucosal protector and antibiotic. The medication was maintained by the tutor and after 1 month of the initial care, the clinical condition worsened and the animal died. Case 2. A 6-month-old male Pinscher dog weighing 1 kg was seen with postprandial regurgitation complaint since the beginning of the weaning transition period. In the esophagography performed a compatible radiographic image was seen with a diverticulum of the cranial thoracic esophagus and congenital total megaesophagus. The treatment adopted was conservative. Twelve months after the initial care, the animal presented radiographically resolution of the diverticulum and megaesophagus and was in good health.[...](AU)

Análise morfométrica da transição esôfago-gástrica de eqüinos submetidos a diferentes manejos alimentares e atividade física / Morphometric analysis of the esophagus-gastric transition in horse submitted to different feeding management and physical activities

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar se diferentes tipos de manejo físico e alimentar determinaram mudanças adaptativas na morfometria da região de transição esôfago-gástrica (TEG) em eqüinos. Foram utilizados 15 conjuntos de animais adultos com raça, sexo e idade não identificados, divididos em três grupos de acordo com a dieta e a atividade física: grupo I - composto por cinco conjuntos da TEG de eqüinos em treinamento intensivo e alimentados principalmente à base de concentrado; grupo II - com cinco conjuntos da TEG de eqüinos que não desempenhavam atividade física intensa e eram alimentados principalmente à base de concentrado, e o grupo III - composto por cinco conjuntos da TEG de eqüinos mantidos a pasto e que não desempenhavam atividade física intensa. A região de transição esôfago-gástrica teve a estrutura do seu epitélio avaliada morfometricamente, onde foram feitas mensurações para identificar a espessura do epitélio estratificado pavimentoso queratinizado. A espessura do grupo I teve como média 122,3µm, do grupo II foi de 173,4µm e do grupo III foi de 281,7µm. Os resultados encontrados para a espessura do epitélio estratificado pavimentoso queratinizado dos eqüinos mostraram a existência de diferenças estatisticamente significativas dos eqüinos do grupo I, quando comparados aos eqüinos do grupo III.(AU)

The objective of this research was to identify if different kind of physical and alimentary management determine adaptative changes in morphometry of the esophagus-gastric transition epithelium. 15 sets comprehending the esophagus-gastric transition region (TEG) was used in adult horses considering undefined breed, gender and age divided in three groups according to diet and physical activity: group I - Five sets (TEG) of horses in intensive training fed with commercial ration; group II - Five sets (TEG) of horses which did not develop any intensive physical activity and fed by commercial ration; group III - Five sets (TEG) of horses kept in the grass without any extra feeding which did not develop any intensive physical activity. The esophagus-gastric transition region had its epithelium structure evaluated morphometrically where measurements were done to identify the thickness of the stratified squamous keratinized epithelium. The thickness of the grup I had as average 122.3µm, grup II 173.4µm of grup III 281.7µm. Results of stratified squamous keratinized epithelium thickness have shown the existence of statistically significant differences of group I when compared to group III.(AU)

Análise morfológica da transição esôfago-gástrica do eqüino submetido a diferentes manejos alimentares e de atividade física / Morphologic analysis of the esophagus-gastric transition area in horse submitted to different feeding management and physical activities

O aparelho digestório do eqüino é constituído por um complexo sistema estrutural cuja função básica é viabilizar a ingesta para utilização do organismo animal. Em especial, estudou-se a região de transição esôfago-gástrica dos eqüinos, pois fatores distintos podem levar a lesões nessa região ou ainda na região aglandular do estômago destes animais, sendo que estas podem ocorrer devido ao arranjo morfológico desses órgãos, o tipo de alimento ingerido, a freqüência de oferta desses alimentos, o jejum prolongado, o estresse, a administração de antiinflamatórios não esteróides e a intensidade de exercícios físicos que são submetidos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar se diferentes tipos de manejo físico e alimentar determinam mudanças adaptativas na morfologia da região de transição esôfago-gástrica em eqüinos. Foram utilizados 15 conjuntos compreendendo a região de transição esôfago-gástrica de eqüinos adultos com raça, sexo e idade não identificados oriundos do Hovet - USP, Jóquei Clube de São Paulo e abatedouros, divididos em três grupos de acordo com a dieta e atividade física desenvolvida: grupo I, composto por cinco conjuntos de eqüinos em treinamento intensivo e alimentados à base de ração comercial principalmente; grupo II, com cinco conjuntos de eqüinos que não desempenhavam atividade física intensa e eram alimentados à base de ração comercial principalmente, e o grupo III composto por cinco conjuntos de eqüinos mantidos a pasto que não desempenhavam atividade física intensa. A região de transição esôfago-gástrica teve a estrutura do seu epitélio avaliada morfometricamente onde foram feitas mensurações para identificar a espessura do epitélio pseudo-estratificado queratinizado e área do epitélio pseudo-estratificado não queratinizado. Os resultados encontrados para a espessura do epitélio queratinizado dos eqüinos mostraram a existência de diferenças estatisticamente significativas dos eqüinos do grupo I quando comparados dos eqüinos do grupo II e III. Frente aos resultados obtidos das mensurações da área do epitélio não queratinizado dos eqüinos, evidenciou-se que não existiu diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os diferentes grupos. Este estudo concluiu que a dieta e a atividade física podem estar relacionadas no comportamento da mucosa da TEG especialmente a camada de queratina deste epitélio

Horses´ digestory system is constituted by a complex structural system whose function is to make feasible ingesta for organism utilization of the animal. In special, it was studied the horses oesaphagus-gastric transition region therefore distinct factors can provoke injuries in this region or even the stomach non- glandular region of these animals being that these can occur due to morphologic arrangement of these organs such as ingested food, food offer frequency, fast for long periods, stress, non-steroids anti-inflammatory administration and physical exercises intensity which the horses are submitted. The objective of this research is to identify if different kind of physical and alimentary management determine adaptative changes in morphology of the oesaphagus-gastric transition region. It was used 15 sets comprehending the oesaphagus-gastric transition region in adult horses considering undefined breed, gender and age from HOVET - USP and slaughterhouse divided in three groups according to diet and physical activity developed: Group I - Five sets of horses in intensive training fed with commercial ration; Group II - Five sets of horses which did not develop any intensive physical activity and fed by commercial ration; Group III - Five sets of horses kept in the grass without any extra feeding which did not develop any intensive physical activity. The oesaphagus-gastric transition region had its epithelium structure evaluated morphmetrically where measurements were done to identify the thickness of the keratinized pseudo-stratified epithelium and the area of the non-keratinized pseudo-stratified epithelium. Results of keratinized pseudo- stratified epithelium thickness have shown the existence of statistically significant differences of group I when compared to groups II and III. According to results of non keratinized pseudo-stratified epithelium measurements, no difference between groups. This research concludes that the diet and physical activity can be related to EGT mucous behavior in horses, specially the epithelium keratin layer