Distiquíases em gatos / Distichiasis in cats

Background: Distichiasis is a disease that is rare in cats, but very common in dogs. The term distichiasis may be controversial when used in the feline species, given that they do not possess true cilia, but rudimentary hair along the superior palpebra. The patients may be asymptomatic, though some show signs of ocular discomfort and ulcerative keratitis. The diagnosis is reached through an ophthalmological exam, and the treatment consists of the removal of the cilium with or without its hair follicle. With this work, we aim to report a series of cases of distichiasis in cats, as it is an uncommon anomaly, and has the potential to cause ocular discomfort in cats. Cases: Two mobile services of veterinary ophthalmology, one in the federal district of Brasília (DF) and the other in the municipality of Valinhos (SP), attended to 9 cats over a period of 5 years (2018 to 2022). The cats (n = 9) attended are of an undefined breed with ages varying from 10 months to 9 years, with an average of 3.9-year-old. The number of distichiasis presented by the animals was classified according to their quantity, being categorized as a mild grade when there was a single cilium, moderate grade when there were 2 to 4 cilia, and severe grade when there were more than 5 cilia. The highest incidence of distichiasis in this study was in males (78%) while females accounted for (22%) of the cases. The clinical changes reported by the owners consisted of signs of ocular discomfort (photophobia, blepharospasm, and periocular itching), ocular discharge and ocular redness. In the ophthalmological evaluations, blepharospasm (22%), serous to mucosal secretion (56%), chemosis (22%), mild (44%) to moderate (11%) conjunctival hyperemia, and ulcerative keratitis (22%) were observed. Distichiasis was more frequent affecting both eyes (56%), while in only (44%) of cases it affected the left eye only. The highest occurrence of cilia was identified in the upper palpebra (78%). Distichiasis was found more often in the temporal palpebral portion (78%), and in 2 patients the identification was more challenging since these cilia lack pigmentation. Single cilium affected (44%) of patients, while 5 cats had multiple distichiasis (56%). A total of 29% of the cats had a mild grade, whereas 14% had a moderated grade, and 57% had a severe grade. The treatments performed consisted of manual epilation (ME) and electroepilation (EE). ME was carried out in 56% of the cats, with relapses occurring in 80% of the patients, while 44% of the cats submitted to EE had a relapse in 20% of the cases. Discussion: Distichiasis is an inherited disorder very frequent in dogs, but considered uncommon in cats. Its causative factor is still unknown, as is its mode of inheritance. In distichiasis therapy, epilation, electroepilation, electrolysis, diode laser, cryotherapy and surgical palpebral resection techniques are referred to as procedures. Among the treatments used in this study, we observed a lower incidence of relapse with the electroepilation technique, which proved to be a viable and successful therapeutic modality. This series of cases shows that perhaps this disorder is much more frequent than what has been reported in the literature, being sometimes underdiagnosed and consequently underreported. Therefore, distichiasis in cats should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients with clinical signs of ocular discomfort and ulcerative keratitis.

Dermatitis seborreica en tapir albino (Tapirus terrestris) / Seborrheic dermatitis in albino lowland tapir (Tapirus terrestris) / DERMATITE SEBORREICA EM ANTA ALBINA (Tapirus terrestris)

El albinismo es una anomalía genética recesiva en la que la produccíon de la melanina está reducida o ausente, lo que interfiere com la  pigmentación de la piel, pelaje y los ojos de los individuos. Se considera un fenómeno natural raro, principalmente en animales salvajes. Los albinos son muy susceptibles al daño de la piel por el sol, ya que la exposición acumulada a los rayos ultravioleta (UV) puede ser dañina. Este reporte discute la ocurrencia de seborrea seca en un tapir albino (Tapirus terrestris), mantenida bajo cuidado humano. La seborrea seca es una enfermedad crónica de la piel en la que falla la queratinización de la epidermis, formándose descamaciones excesivas y alterando la oleosidad de la piel y la pelaje. El tratamiento clínico instituido se basó en la aplicación tópica de uma solución dermatológica hidratante en spray y em la modificación del recinto para reducir la incidencia de la luz solar sobre el individuo.  El resultado fue satisfactorio y tuvo como ayuda un miscroscopio digital portátil que se utilizó periódicamente hasta la recuperación del animal.

Albinism is a recessive genetic disorder in which melanin prodution is reduced or absent, interfering with pigmentation of the skin, hair and eyes of individuals. It is considered to be of rare natural occurrence, mainly in wild animals. Albino individuals are highly susceptible to skin damage caused by the sun, once cumulative exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays can be harmful. This report discusses the occurrence of dry seborrhea in an albino lowland tapir (Tapirus terrestris), kept under human care. Dry seborrhea is a chronic skin disease in which there is a failure in the keratinization of the epidermis, forming excessive scales and altering the oiliness of the skin and hair. The clinical treatment instituted was based on topical application of a moisturizing dermatological spray solution and on changes made to the enclosure in order to reduce the incidence of sunlight on the individual. The result was satisfactory and had as na aid a portable digital microscope that was used periodically until the recovery of the animal.

O albinismo é uma desordem genética recessiva em que a produção de melanina é reduzida ou ausente, o que interfere na pigmentação da pele, pelos e olhos dos indivíduos. É considerada de rara ocorrência natural, principalmente em animais selvagens. Indivíduos albinos são altamente suscetíveis a injúrias na pele causadas pelo sol, já que a exposição aos raios ultravioletas (UV) de forma cumulativa pode ser prejudicial. Este relato discorre sobre a ocorrência de seborreia seca em uma anta albina (Tapirus terrestris), mantida sob cuidados humanos. A seborreia seca é uma enfermidade cutânea de caráter crônico em que ocorre falha na queratinização da epiderme, formando excessivamente escamas e alterando a oleosidade da pele e pelos. O tratamento clínico instituído foi baseado na aplicação tópica de solução dermatológica hidratante spray e em mudanças realizadas no recinto a fim de diminuir a incidência de luz solar no indivíduo. O resultado foi satisfatório e teve como auxílio um microscópio digital portátil que foi utilizado periodicamente até a recuperação do animal.

Neoplasia de ducto nasolacrimal em uma cadela / Nasolacrimal duct neoplasm in a bitch

Background: Nasolacrimal duct tumors are divided into primary and secondary, with primary tumors being rare in all species. Secondary involvement of the lacrimal sac and duct can occur from any skin lesion involving the eyelid and/or conjunctiva and from any neoplastic process involving the paranasal sinuses. Lacrimal sac metastatic lesions may originate from any distant site and include carcinomas or melanomas, with squamous cell carcinoma being the most common type. The objectives of the present report were to describe a case of squamous cell carcinoma in the nasolacrimal duct and to emphasize the importance of a good ophthalmic evaluation. Case: A 16-year-old spayed bitch white poodle was presented to the veterinary clinic. The owner complained that the animal had epiphora and mucoid secretion in the right eye, eyelid hyperemia in both eyes, and sporadic sneezing with blood. On ophthalmic examination, the animal was initially diagnosed with nasolacrimal duct obstruction and right eye (OD) blepharitis and OU uveitis. Fourteen days after the first evaluation, the nasolacrimal duct region increased, with the presence of bloody secretion. Biomicroscopy showed nodules inside the lacrimal duct, in the punctum region. The animal was sedated to obtain a fragment of the nodule for histopathological analysis, and a subsequent oral cavity evaluation identified a nodule in the transition region between the 4th premolar and 1st molar, which was sent for cytology. Cytology of the medial corner region of the RE showed epithelial and mesenchymal cells with malignancy characteristics, and the biopsy was suggestive of malignant epithelial neoplasia (carcinoma). A surgical procedure for nodule resection was ruled out because bone involvement was extensive, and chemotherapy was selected. The patient died 2 months after the 1st consultation. The diagnosis was confirmed through necropsy via immunohistochemical tests, demonstrating squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) both in the mouth and the nasal and ocular sinuses. Discussion: The most common conditions affecting the nasolacrimal drainage system in dogs are those causing obstructions. These may be congenital, arising from a developmental defect of micropunctum or agenesis of the punctum, they may be acquired, arising from infection and inflammation. SCC is a malignant neoplasm originating in the stratified squamous epithelium. The predisposing factors in cats and dogs include lack of adnexal pigmentation and, possibly, chronic irritation of the ocular surface. A light coat is considered a relevant factor, especially in regions with little hair coverage. In addition to a mass lesion, other clinical signs of eyelid or ocular surface tumors may include epiphora, conjunctival vascular injection, mucopurulent ocular discharge, 3rd eyelid protrusion, conjunctival/corneal roughness or ulceration, and corneal neovascularization or pigmentation. Clinical presentations are nonspecific. Neoplasms, whether nasal and/or in the maxillary sinus, can invade the nasolacrimal duct and spread to the nasal cavity, and neoplasms in the nasal cavity can invade the nasolacrimal duct. Ophthalmic evaluation along with good inspection of the oral cavity is a useful tool in the diagnosis of eye neoplasms that may have effects on the oral cavity or vice versa due to the strong association between them. Early diagnosis is crucial for the clinical or surgical management of each case of ophthalmic neoplasia and for therapeutic success.

Dermatite seborreica em anta albina (Tapirus terrestris) / Seborrheic dermatitis in albino lowland tapir (Tapirus terrestris) / Dermatitis seborreica en tapir albino (Tapirus terrestris)

O albinismo é uma desordem genética recessiva em que a produção de melanina é reduzida ou ausente, o que interfere na pigmentação da pele, pelos e olhos dos indivíduos. É considerada de rara ocorrência natural, principalmente em animais selvagens. Indivíduos albinos são altamente suscetíveis a injúrias na pele causadas pelo sol, já que a exposição aos raios ultravioletas (UV) de forma cumulativa pode ser prejudicial. Este relato discorre sobre a ocorrência de seborreia seca em uma anta albina (Tapirus terrestris), mantida sob cuidados humanos. A seborreia seca é uma enfermidade cutânea de caráter crônico em que ocorre falha na queratinização da epiderme, formando excessivamente escamas e alterando a oleosidade da pele e pelos. O tratamento clínico instituído foi baseado na aplicação tópica de solução dermatológica hidratante spray e em mudanças realizadas no recinto a fim de diminuir a incidência de luz solar no indivíduo. O resultado foi satisfatório e teve como auxílio um microscópio digital portátil que foi utilizado periodicamente até a recuperação do animal.(AU)

Albinism is a recessive genetic disorder in which melanin prodution is reduced or absent, interfering with pigmentation of the skin, hair and eyes of individuals. It is considered to be of rare natural occurrence, mainly in wild animals. Albino individuals are highly susceptible to skin damage caused by the sun, once cumulative exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays can be harmful. This report discusses the occurrence of dry seborrhea in an albino lowland tapir (Tapirus terrestris), kept under human care. Dry seborrhea is a chronic skin disease in which there is a failure in the keratinization of the epidermis, forming excessive scales and altering the oiliness of the skin and hair. The clinical treatment instituted was based on topical application of a moisturizing dermatological spray solution and on changes made to the enclosure in order to reduce the incidence of sunlight on the individual. The result was satisfactory and had as na aid a portable digital microscope that was used periodically until the recovery of the animal.(AU)

El albinismo es una anomalía genética recesiva en la que la produccíon de la melanina está reducida o ausente, lo que interfiere com la pigmentación de la piel, pelaje y los ojos de los individuos. Se considera un fenómeno natural raro, principalmente en animales salvajes. Los albinos son muy susceptibles al daño de la piel por el sol, ya que la exposición acumulada a los rayos ultravioleta (UV) puede ser dañina. Este reporte discute la ocurrencia de seborrea seca en un tapir albino (Tapirus terrestris), mantenida bajo cuidado humano. La seborrea seca es una enfermedad crónica de la piel en la que falla la queratinización de la epidermis, formándose descamaciones excesivas y alterando la oleosidad de la piel y la pelaje. El tratamiento clínico instituido se basó en la aplicación tópica de uma solución dermatológica hidratante en spray y em la modificación del recinto para reducir la incidencia de la luz solar sobre el individuo. El resultado fue satisfactorio y tuvo como ayuda un miscroscopio digital portátil que se utilizó periódicamente hasta la recuperación del animal.(AU)

Influence of season and external morphology on thermal comfort and physiological responses in bulls from two breeds adapted to a subtropical climate

ABSTRACT Animals in subtropical regions can be exposed to periods of thermal stress. Locally adapted breeds are especially important in this context, but these have little information available in their natural environments. The aim of this study was to assess whether season affects thermal comfort and physiological responses to increased temperatures of two breeds of bulls in a subtropical climate. Four Angus and four Crioulo Lageano bulls were used in this study. Body and testicles measurements, skin pigmentation and thickness, hair number, length and pigmentation, respiratory rate, panting score, rectal temperature and haematological profile were recorded on three occasions in summer and winter, morning and afternoon. The surface temperature of the flank, eye and scrotum were obtained by infrared thermography. Hair coat colour was determined by CIELAB method. Thermal comfort indexes were calculated from meteorological data. Statistical analysis included analyses of variance, correlations and a partial least squares regression in determining which traits were the most important in thermal adaptability. External morphology of the bulls was important for explaining physiological changes in both seasons, but their contribution was greater in summer. Bulls experienced moderate heat stress in summer, which led to significant physiological responses, which were more pronounced in Angus bulls. The main differences in thermal adaptation found between breeds were the hair coat characteristics and respiratory rate. Despite using different mechanisms to cope with environmental challenges, all bulls were able to maintain optimal testicular thermoregulation as well as systemic normothermia throughout the seasons, showing good adaptation to the climate conditions.

RESUMO Animais em regiões subtropicais podem ser expostos ao estresse térmico. As raças localmente adaptadas são especialmente importantes nesse contexto, mas possuem pouca informação disponível em seus ambientes naturais. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se a estação afeta o conforto térmico e as respostas fisiológicas ao aumento da temperatura de duas raças de touros em clima subtropical. Quatro touros Angus e quatro Crioulo Lageano foram utilizados neste estudo. As medidas do corpo e testículos, pigmentação e espessura da pele, número, comprimento e pigmentação de pêlos, frequência respiratória, escore ofegante, temperatura retal e perfil hematológico foram registradas no verão e inverno, manhã e tarde. A temperatura da superfície do flanco, olho e escroto foi obtida por termografia infravermelho. Os índices de conforto térmico foram calculados a partir de dados meteorológicos. A análise estatística incluiu análises de variância, correlações e uma regressão parcial de mínimos quadrados para determinar quais características foram as mais importantes na adaptabilidade térmica. A morfologia externa dos touros foi importante para explicar as mudanças fisiológicas nas duas estações, mas sua contribuição foi maior no verão. Os touros sofreram estresse térmico moderado no verão, o que levou a respostas fisiológicas significativas, que foram mais pronunciadas na Angus. As principais diferenças de adaptação térmica encontradas entre as raças foram as características do pêlo e a frequência respiratória. Apesar de usar diferentes mecanismos para lidar com os desafios ambientais, todos os touros foram capazes de manter a termorregulação testicular ideal e a normotermia, mostrando boa adaptação às condições climáticas.

Influence of season and external morphology on thermal comfort and physiological responses in bulls from two breeds adapted to a subtropical climate / Influência da estação e da morfologia externa no conforto térmico e respostas fisiológicas em touros de duas raças adaptadas a um clima subtropical

Animals in subtropical regions can be exposed to periods of thermal stress. Locally adapted breeds are especially important in this context, but these have little information available in their natural environments. The aim of this study was to assess whether season affects thermal comfort and physiological responses to increased temperatures of two breeds of bulls in a subtropical climate. Four Angus and four Crioulo Lageano bulls were used in this study. Body and testicles measurements, skin pigmentation and thickness, hair number, length and pigmentation, respiratory rate, panting score, rectal temperature and haematological profile were recorded on three occasions in summer and winter, morning and afternoon. The surface temperature of the flank, eye and scrotum were obtained by infrared thermography. Hair coat colour was determined by CIELAB method. Thermal comfort indexes were calculated from meteorological data. Statistical analysis included analyses of variance, correlations and a partial least squares regression in determining which traits were the most important in thermal adaptability. External morphology of the bulls was important for explaining physiological changes in both seasons, but their contribution was greater in summer. Bulls experienced moderate heat stress in summer, which led to significant physiological responses, which were more pronounced in Angus bulls. The main differences in thermal adaptation found between breeds were the hair coat characteristics and respiratory rate. Despite using different mechanisms to cope with environmental challenges, all bulls were able to maintain optimal testicular thermoregulation as well as systemic normothermia throughout the seasons, showing good adaptation to the climate conditions.(AU)

Animais em regiões subtropicais podem ser expostos ao estresse térmico. As raças localmente adaptadas são especialmente importantes nesse contexto, mas possuem pouca informação disponível em seus ambientes naturais. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se a estação afeta o conforto térmico e as respostas fisiológicas ao aumento da temperatura de duas raças de touros em clima subtropical. Quatro touros Angus e quatro Crioulo Lageano foram utilizados neste estudo. As medidas do corpo e testículos, pigmentação e espessura da pele, número, comprimento e pigmentação de pêlos, frequência respiratória, escore ofegante, temperatura retal e perfil hematológico foram registradas no verão e inverno, manhã e tarde. A temperatura da superfície do flanco, olho e escroto foi obtida por termografia infravermelho. Os índices de conforto térmico foram calculados a partir de dados meteorológicos. A análise estatística incluiu análises de variância, correlações e uma regressão parcial de mínimos quadrados para determinar quais características foram as mais importantes na adaptabilidade térmica. A morfologia externa dos touros foi importante para explicar as mudanças fisiológicas nas duas estações, mas sua contribuição foi maior no verão. Os touros sofreram estresse térmico moderado no verão, o que levou a respostas fisiológicas significativas, que foram mais pronunciadas na Angus. As principais diferenças de adaptação térmica encontradas entre as raças foram as características do pêlo e a frequência respiratória. Apesar de usar diferentes mecanismos para lidar com os desafios ambientais, todos os touros foram capazes de manter a termorregulação testicular ideal e a normotermia, mostrando boa adaptação às condições climáticas.(AU)

Influence of season and external morphology on thermal comfort and physiological responses in bulls from two breeds adapted to a subtropical climate / Influência da estação e da morfologia externa no conforto térmico e respostas fisiológicas em touros de duas raças adaptadas a um clima subtropical

Animals in subtropical regions can be exposed to periods of thermal stress. Locally adapted breeds are especially important in this context, but these have little information available in their natural environments. The aim of this study was to assess whether season affects thermal comfort and physiological responses to increased temperatures of two breeds of bulls in a subtropical climate. Four Angus and four Crioulo Lageano bulls were used in this study. Body and testicles measurements, skin pigmentation and thickness, hair number, length and pigmentation, respiratory rate, panting score, rectal temperature and haematological profile were recorded on three occasions in summer and winter, morning and afternoon. The surface temperature of the flank, eye and scrotum were obtained by infrared thermography. Hair coat colour was determined by CIELAB method. Thermal comfort indexes were calculated from meteorological data. Statistical analysis included analyses of variance, correlations and a partial least squares regression in determining which traits were the most important in thermal adaptability. External morphology of the bulls was important for explaining physiological changes in both seasons, but their contribution was greater in summer. Bulls experienced moderate heat stress in summer, which led to significant physiological responses, which were more pronounced in Angus bulls. The main differences in thermal adaptation found between breeds were the hair coat characteristics and respiratory rate. Despite using different mechanisms to cope with environmental challenges, all bulls were able to maintain optimal testicular thermoregulation as well as systemic normothermia throughout the seasons, showing good adaptation to the climate conditions.

Animais em regiões subtropicais podem ser expostos ao estresse térmico. As raças localmente adaptadas são especialmente importantes nesse contexto, mas possuem pouca informação disponível em seus ambientes naturais. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se a estação afeta o conforto térmico e as respostas fisiológicas ao aumento da temperatura de duas raças de touros em clima subtropical. Quatro touros Angus e quatro Crioulo Lageano foram utilizados neste estudo. As medidas do corpo e testículos, pigmentação e espessura da pele, número, comprimento e pigmentação de pêlos, frequência respiratória, escore ofegante, temperatura retal e perfil hematológico foram registradas no verão e inverno, manhã e tarde. A temperatura da superfície do flanco, olho e escroto foi obtida por termografia infravermelho. Os índices de conforto térmico foram calculados a partir de dados meteorológicos. A análise estatística incluiu análises de variância, correlações e uma regressão parcial de mínimos quadrados para determinar quais características foram as mais importantes na adaptabilidade térmica. A morfologia externa dos touros foi importante para explicar as mudanças fisiológicas nas duas estações, mas sua contribuição foi maior no verão. Os touros sofreram estresse térmico moderado no verão, o que levou a respostas fisiológicas significativas, que foram mais pronunciadas na Angus. As principais diferenças de adaptação térmica encontradas entre as raças foram as características do pêlo e a frequência respiratória. Apesar de usar diferentes mecanismos para lidar com os desafios ambientais, todos os touros foram capazes de manter a termorregulação testicular ideal e a normotermia, mostrando boa adaptação às condições climáticas.

Post-seminal structure and development of the hemiparasitic plant Escobedia grandiflora (Orobanchaceae)

Escobedia grandiflora(L.f.) Kuntze is a wild hemiparasitic plant with orange roots. Little is known about the development of initial parasitism with the host, despite the significant value of roots for Central and South American communities. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize post-seminal structure and development of E. grandiflorain Pennisetum purpureumhost. To analyze the structure and development of E. grandiflora, seedlings, stems and roots samples were processed and examined underlight, confocal and scanning electron microscopy. Escobedia grandifloraseeds are composed of seed coat, perisperm, and embryo. Emergence of the radicle began eleven days after imbibition. Seedlings showed a root hair collar encircling the axis at the root-hypocotyl junction with elongation of internal cortical cells. Seedlings formed haustoria and successfully reached of the host roots 22 days following root emergence. In the root many starch grains were observed, albeit more scarce in the hypocotyl. After 43 days of root emergence, the seedling stage was finished with the formation of the definitive leaves, and star of the plant stage. After 64 days, root ramification, amount of starch, and orange pigmentation increased with formation of haustoria. The developmental pattern of E. grandiflora plants was slow, but the roots grew faster than the stem. Escobedia grandifloraseeds were not endospermic and have limited nutritional value. After root emergence, the young seedling must develop roots and starch storage towards to haustorium formation and attachment to host roots.

Leucismo em Callithrix penicillata (É. Geoffroy, 1812) (Primates: Callitrichidae) em uma área urbana de Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil / Leucism in Callithrix penicillata (É. Geoffroy, 1812) (Primates: Callitrichidae) in an urban area

O gênero Callithrix possui seis espécies, todas endêmicas do Brasil, com coloração variável dentro do grupo, os animais desse gênero caracterizam-se pela presença de tufos auriculares e uma mancha branca na testa, ausente apenas em Callithrix geoffroyi (É. Geoffroy, 1812). Neste estudo, foram registrados pela primeira vez em Minas Gerais durante os meses de dezembro de 2017, janeiro e fevereiro de 2018 indivíduos de Callithrix penicillata leucísticos. Os animais foram encontrados em uma área verde urbana na Zona da Mata Mineira, onde o isolamento geográfico e a endogamia propiciou o surgimento dessas alterações na coloração, o baixo número de predadores no ambiente urbano contribuiu para a sobrevivência desses primatas nesse local.

The genus Callithrix has six species all endemic to Brazil, the color within the group is variable, the animals of this genus are characterized by the presence of auricular tufts and a white spot on the forehead, absent in Callithrix geoffroyi (Geoffroy, 1812). In this study, individuals of Callithrix penicillata leucistic were registered for the first time in Minas Gerais during the months of December 2017, January and February of 2018. The groups were found in a green area in the Zona da Mata Mineira, where geographic isolation and endogamy led to changes in coloration. The low number of predators in the urban environment contributed to the survival of these primates.

Leucismo em Callithrix penicillata (É. Geoffroy, 1812) (Primates: Callitrichidae) em uma área urbana de Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil / Leucism in Callithrix penicillata (É. Geoffroy, 1812) (Primates: Callitrichidae) in an urban area

O gênero Callithrix possui seis espécies, todas endêmicas do Brasil, com coloração variável dentro do grupo, os animais desse gênero caracterizam-se pela presença de tufos auriculares e uma mancha branca na testa, ausente apenas em Callithrix geoffroyi (É. Geoffroy, 1812). Neste estudo, foram registrados pela primeira vez em Minas Gerais durante os meses de dezembro de 2017, janeiro e fevereiro de 2018 indivíduos de Callithrix penicillata leucísticos. Os animais foram encontrados em uma área verde urbana na Zona da Mata Mineira, onde o isolamento geográfico e a endogamia propiciou o surgimento dessas alterações na coloração, o baixo número de predadores no ambiente urbano contribuiu para a sobrevivência desses primatas nesse local.(AU)

The genus Callithrix has six species all endemic to Brazil, the color within the group is variable, the animals of this genus are characterized by the presence of auricular tufts and a white spot on the forehead, absent in Callithrix geoffroyi (Geoffroy, 1812). In this study, individuals of Callithrix penicillata leucistic were registered for the first time in Minas Gerais during the months of December 2017, January and February of 2018. The groups were found in a green area in the Zona da Mata Mineira, where geographic isolation and endogamy led to changes in coloration. The low number of predators in the urban environment contributed to the survival of these primates.(AU)

Detection of seasonal asymptomatic dermatophytes in Van cats

The Van cat is a domestic landrace found in the Van province of eastern Turkey. In this study, we aimed to determine the seasonal carriage of dermatophytes in Van cats without clinical lesions. A total of 264 hair specimens were collected from clinically healthy cats in and around the Van Province. Of these samples, 30.3% were obtained in spring, 30.6% in summer, 16.6% in autumn, and 22.3% in winter; 45.1% of samples were from male cats and the rest from female ones. Of the studied cats, 118 were younger than 1 year, 78 were 13 years old, and 68 were older than 3 years. The specimens were subjected to direct microscopic examination with 15% potassium hydroxide and cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar and dermatophyte test medium supplemented with cycloheximide and chloramphenicol. Dermatophyte identification was carried out based on macroscopic and microscopic colony morphology, urease activities, in vitro hair perforation test, growth at 37 °C, and pigmentation on corn meal agar. Dermatophytes were isolated from 19 (7.1%) of the 264 specimens examined. The most frequently isolated fungi were Trichophyton terrestre (4.1%), followed by Microsporum gypseum (1.1%), M. nanum (1.1%), and T. mentagrophytes (0.7%), and these fungi may represent a health risk for humans in contact with clinically healthy Van cats. M. canis was not isolated from any of the specimens. Our results show no significant (p > 0.05) association between carriage of dermatophytes and the gender of cats. The carriage rate of dermatophytes was high in spring and winter, and the only possible risk factor for infection was age of the animal. (AU)

A new species of Mucrosomia (Collembola: Isotomidae) from Brazil

A new species of Collembola, Mucrosomia alticola sp. nov., is described and illustrated based on material from "Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos" (State of Rio de Janeiro) and from "Parque Nacional da Serra do Caparaó" (State of Minas Gerais). This is the first record of a species of Mucrosomia for Brazil. The genus has, up to date, only three species and can be diagnosed by the absence of eyes and pigmentation, PAO present, tenent hair pointed, Abd V and VI fused, manubrium with 1+1 chaetae on anterior side, long dens and a remarkable mucro with five teeth. The presence of chaetae on ventral thorax, between segments II-III, supports the new species.

A new species of Mucrosomia (Collembola: Isotomidae) from Brazil

A new species of Collembola, Mucrosomia alticola sp. nov., is described and illustrated based on material from “Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos” (State of Rio de Janeiro) and from “Parque Nacional da Serra do Caparaó” (State of Minas Gerais). This is the first record of a species of Mucrosomia for Brazil. The genus has, up to date, only three species and can be diagnosed by the absence of eyes and pigmentation, PAO present, tenent hair pointed, Abd V and VI fused, manubrium with 1+1 chaetae on anterior side, long dens and a remarkable mucro with five teeth. The presence of chaetae on ventral thorax, between segments II-III, supports the new species.

A new species of Mucrosomia (Collembola: Isotomidae) from Brazil

A new species of Collembola, Mucrosomia alticola sp. nov., is described and illustrated based on material from “Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos” (State of Rio de Janeiro) and from “Parque Nacional da Serra do Caparaó” (State of Minas Gerais). This is the first record of a species of Mucrosomia for Brazil. The genus has, up to date, only three species and can be diagnosed by the absence of eyes and pigmentation, PAO present, tenent hair pointed, Abd V and VI fused, manubrium with 1+1 chaetae on anterior side, long dens and a remarkable mucro with five teeth. The presence of chaetae on ventral thorax, between segments II-III, supports the new species.(AU)

Sistema agrosilvipastoril no Cerrado brasileiro: ambiência e fisiologia de bovinos Nelore

A tolerância ao calor em bovinos tem sido cada vez mais utilizada como ferramenta para seleção de raças e até mesmo indivíduos mais adaptados a determinadas regiões, considerando características como capa de pelame e pele e a temperatura corporal interna. Deste modo, objetivou-se avaliar a morfologia do pelame e pele e a variação da temperatura vaginal de fêmeas da raça Nelore mantidas sob diferentes condições ambientais. O estudo foi conduzido, durante dois anos consecutivos, em área experimental localizada a 20 20°27 de latitude sul, 54°37 de longitude oeste, e 530 m de altitude, Brasil. Foram utilizadas 24 fêmeas Nelores, criadas em sistemas de integração, com diferentes ofertas de sombra: ILPF-1, 14x2 metros e 357 árvores por hectare, e ILPF-2, 22x2 metros e 227 árvores por hectare; e o sistema controle (CON), composto por pastagem, com cinco árvores nativas do Cerrado (gênero Gochnatia e Dipteryx) por hectare. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso em esquemas de parcelas sub subdivididas, sendo a parcela correspondente a três sistemas de produção, a subparcela à estação do ano e da sub subparcela, aos anos de avaliação, para avaliação morfológica do pelame e pele, e, para a variável temperatura vaginal, a sub subparcela correspondeu às horas do dia. Avaliou-se, na região do pescoço, escápula, dorso e garupa, os seguintes parâmetros morfológicos do pelame e da pele: pigmentação da capa de pelame (PCP) e da pele (PPL), espessura da capa de pelame (EC), comprimento do pelo (CP), diâmetro do pelo (DP) e inclinação dos pelos (IP). A temperatura vaginal foi obtida por meio de termorregistradores programados para registros em intervalos de uma hora, durante 28 dias consecutivos. Para caracterização do microclima, foram coletados dados da temperatura do ar (Ta) e de globo negro (Tgn), umidade relativa do ar (UR), e, calculado o índice de globo negro e umidade (ITGU). As variações observadas nas características de pelame refletem a adaptabilidade da raça Nelore às variações sazonais, e que outros mecanismos de trocas de calor são eficientes, não sendo necessárias modificações estruturais em todas as características de pelame e pele. As diferentes ofertas de sombra influenciaram a pigmentação da capa de pelame e pele, assim como o diâmetro e inclinação do pelo. A oferta de sombra em diferentes graus modificou a temperatura vaginal, a qual demonstrou ser bom indicador de estresse térmico, podendo ser usada como parâmetro de avaliação do mecanismo termorregulador.

Heat tolerance in cattle has been increasingly used as a tool for the selection of breeds and even individuals more adapted to certain regions, among them the characteristics of the coat and skin and the internal body temperature. The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphology of the coat and skin and the vaginal temperature variation of Nelore females kept under different environmental conditions. The study was conducted, for two consecutive years, in a experimental area located at 20° 27 south latitude, 54° 371 west longitude and 530 m altitude, Brazil. Twenty - four Nellore females, reared in integration systems, with different shade offerings, were used. The experimental design was a randomized block in split splitplots, the plot corresponding to three production systems, the splitplot to the season and the split splitplot, to the evaluation years, for the morphological evaluation of the coat and skin, and, for the vaginal temperature variable, the split splitplot corresponded to the hours of the day. The following coat and skin morphological parameters were evaluated in the neck, scapula, dorsum and croup: pigmentation of the coat (PCP, %) and skin (PPL, %), thickness of the coat EC, mm), hair length (CP, mm), hair diameter (DP, m) and hair inclination (IP, degrees). The vaginal temperature was obtained by thermograns programmed for records at one-hour intervals for 28 consecutive days. For the characterization of the microclimate, data of air temperature (Ta, °C) and black globe (Tgn, °C), relative air humidity (RH, %) and black globe and humidity index) were collected. The results of the characteristics of coat inferred that, there is a certain degree of adaptation of Nellore breed to the seasonal variations and those other mechanisms of heat exchanges are efficient, being not necessary structural modifications in all the characteristics of coat and skin. The different shade offerings influenced the pigmentation of the coat and skin, as well as the diameter and inclination of the hair. The supply of shade to varying degrees modifies the vaginal temperature. Moreover, the vaginal temperature proved to be a good indicator of thermal stress, and can be used as a parameter for the evaluation of the thermoregulatory mechanism.

CARACTERÍSTICAS FUNCIONAIS E PRODUTIVAS EM BOVINOS DA RAÇA CANCHIM

A utilização de animais como reprodutores em programas de melhoramento genético de bovinos está associada ao registro genealógico pela Associação de Criadores. O objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar e relacionar a aprovação dos animais ao registro genealógico definitivo com as características avaliadas no programa de avaliação genética da raça Canchim. Foram estimados parâmetros genéticos, por meio de modelo multicaracterística, para os pesos ao nascimento, ao desmame e ao sobreano, escores para conformação frigorífica ao desmame e ao sobreano, classificação final no registro ao desmame (CLD) e ao sobreano (CLS), escores para comprimento de umbigo e qualidade do pelo (PEL) avaliados ao desmame, e perímetro escrotal ao sobreano (PE), e por modelos bicaracterística para aprovação ao registro genealógico (AP) com cada uma das demais variáveis. A relação entre classificação final e as outras características avaliadas foi desdobrada pela análise de trilha para estimar efeitos diretos e indiretos. A probabilidade de aprovação ao registro genealógico foi estudada, as diferenças esperadas na progênie (DEP) para todas as características foram estimadas e foi elaborado o índice de qualificação genética (IQG) utilizado pelo Programa de Avaliação Genética do Canchim. Foi estimada a herdabilidade do escore de coloração da mucosa dos animais e foram obtidas as probabilidades de ocorrência de cada um dos escores de acordo com a coloração da mucosa dos pais. A probabilidade de um animal ser aprovado para registro na Associação Brasileira de Criadores de Canchim ao desmame foi de 77,48% (75,15% para os machos e 79,43% para as fêmeas), enquanto a probabilidade ao sobreano, dado que ele foi aprovado ao desmame, foi de 87,36% (86,43% para os machos e 87,83% para as fêmeas), e a probabilidade total ao sobreano foi de 69,63% (67,71% para os machos e 72,26% para as fêmeas). As correlações genéticas entre as características estudadas variavam de baixa negativa (-0,07) a alta positiva (0,70), com maior estimativa entre PE e CLS. A média das estimativas de herdabilidade de AP foi 0,28 e as correlações com as características citadas acima variaram de baixa (0,15) a muito alta (0,97), com maior estimativa para CLS. O maior efeito direto sobre a CLD foi de PEL (0,8211), indicando sua importância no registro genealógico provisório. O maior efeito direto sobre CLS foi de PE (2,7522), evidenciando sua importância na determinação do registro genealógico definitivo. A correlação entre a classificação dos animais pelo IQG e pela DEP de AP foi de 0,055. Foram observadas variações nas proporções da coloração da mucosa dos filhos em acasalamentos de animais com diferentes colorações de mucosas. Quando as duas primeiras classes fenotípicas da coloração da mucosa (bronze clara e bronze) foram consideradas como uma única classe, a estimativa de herdabilidade foi mais elevada (0,427 ± 0,022). Há variação genética para o escore de pigmentação de mucosa dos bovinos Canchim que permite o seu uso na seleção, visando à produção de animais mais adaptados aos trópicos. A avaliação genética reagrupando os escores em quatro classes que consideram a cor do pigmento e ignoram a intensidade de pigmentação das duas primeiras classes proporciona um modelo com controle genético aditivo mais forte. A pelagem é a característica mais importante na determinação da classificação final ao desmame e o perímetro escrotal a mais importante na classificação final ao sobreano.

The use of animals in beef cattle breeding programs is dependent on their approval to genealogical registry by the breeders association. The aim of this work was to evaluate and to relate the approval of the animals to the definitive genealogical record with the traits evaluated in the genetic evaluation program of the Canchim breed. Genetic parameters were estimated by means of a multi-trait model for birth, weaning and yearling (18 months of age) weights, slaughter conformation scores at weaning (CSW) and yearling (CSY), final registry classification scores at weaning (CLW) and yearling (CLY), navel and hair coat (HC) scores at weaning, and scrotal circumference at yearling (SCY), and using two-trait models for approval to registry (AR) with each of the above traits. The relationship of CLW and CLY with the other traits was studied by path analysis to estimate direct and indirect effects. Probabilities of approval to registry were studied, expected progeny differences (EPD) for all traits were estimated and a genetic qualification index (GQI) used by the Canchim Genetic Evaluation Program was obtained for each animal. Heritability was also estimated for color of the mucosa, and the probability of occurring the various color of mucosa in the offspring according to the mucosa of the parents were obtained. The probability of an animal being approved for registration by the Brazilian Canchim Breeders Association at weaning was 77.48%, 75.15% for males and 79.43% for females, while at yearling, given the approval at weaning, the probability was 87.36%, 86.43% for males and 87.83% for females. The total probability of an animal being approved for registration at yearling was 69.63%, 72.26% for females and 67.71% for males. The genetic correlations among the traits varied from low negative (-0.07) to high positive (0,70), with the highest value for SCY and CLY. The mean of the heritability estimates of AR was 0.28 and the genetic correlations with the other traits varied from low (0,15) to very high (0,97), the highest with CLY. HC showed the highest direct effect on CLW, 0.8211, suggesting its importance in determining temporary approval for registration, at weaning. SCY showed the highest direct effect on CLY, 2.7522, indicating its importance in determining final and definitive approval for registration, at yearling. The correlation between the classification of the animals by GQI and the EPD for AR was 0.055. There were variations in the proportion of color of mucosa of the offspring produced by mating animals with different colors of mucosa. When the first two phenotypic classes of color of mucosa (light bronze and bronze) were joined in one class, the heritability of the trait was the highest (0.427 ± 0.022). The tonality of the mucosa showed a great impact on the estimation of the genetic components. There is enough genetic variation on the mucosa pigmentation scores of the Canchim cattle that allows its use in selection to obtain animals more adapted to the tropics. The classification of mucosa into four classes considering only color of pigment and not the intensity of pigmentation of the two first classes will provide a model with better additive genetic control. Hair coat is the most important trait that establishes CLW and scrotal circumference is the most important for CLY.

CARACTERÍSTICAS TRICOLÓGICAS E FISIOLÓGICAS DE BOVINOS DA RAÇA NELORE SUBMETIDOS A DIFERENTES GRAUS DE SOMBREAMENTO NO CERRADO BRASILEIRO

Objetivou-se avaliar as características morfofisiológicas relacionadas a termorregulação de novilhas Nelore mantidas em diferentes condições de sombreamento no cerrado brasileiro. A pesquisa foi conduzida na Embrapa Gado de Corte em Campo Grande-MS. Foram utilizados 16 novilhas Nelore criadas em sistema de integração lavoura pecuária floresta (ILPF) e lavoura pecuária (ILP) divididos em quatro piquetes cada, sendo a unidade experimental o piquete com dois animais. O experimento foi realizado em três períodos (dezembro, janeiro e fevereiro) e o delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, sendo as parcelas constituídas pelos sistemas (ILP e ILPF) em três coletas (Dezembro, Janeiro e Fevereiro). Os parâmetros morfofisiológicos avaliados foram coloração dos pelos (CPM) e da pele (CPL), número de pelos por unidade de área (NP), densidade média dos pelos (DM), diâmetro médio dos pelos (DP),comprimento médio dos pelos (CP). A pigmentação do pelame das novilhas apresentou diferença estatística para os sistemas ILP e ILPF. Para caracterização do ambiente, foram coletadas a temperatura de bulbo seco, temperatura de globo negro, temperatura de ponto de orvalho, velocidade do vento e umidade relativa do ar, ao sol e à sombra, para a determinação dos seguintes índices de conforto térmico: índice de temperatura e umidade, índice de temperatura de globo e umidade, e carga térmica de radiação. Os sistemas ILP e ILPF apresentaram condições ambientais que indicam situação de estresse moderado a crítico e as características pele e pelame de novilhas Nelore criadas em sistemas ILP e ILPF não apresentaram diferenças (P0,05).

This study aimed to evaluate the morphological and physiological characteristics related to thermoregulatory heifers kept in different conditions of shading in the Brazilian cerrado. The research was conducted at Embrapa Beef Cattle in Campo Grande-MS. 16 heifers reared in forest crop livestock integration system (ILPF) and livestock farming (ILP) divided into four paddocks each, the experimental unit picket with two animals were used. The experiment was carried out in three periods (December, January and February) and the experimental design was completely randomized, and the plots were composed by systems (ILP and ILPF) in three collections (December, January and February). The Morphophysiological parameters were coloration of the (CPM) and skin (CPL), the number of hairs per unit area (NP), medium density by (DM), average diameter of hairs (SD) Average hair length ( CP). The pigmentation of the hair coat of heifers showed statistical significance to the ILP and ILPF systems. To characterize the environment, they were collected dry bulb temperature, black globe temperature, dew point temperature, wind speed and relative humidity, the sun and the shade, to determine the following thermal comfort indexes: index temperature and humidity, globe temperature and humidity index, and radiation heat load. The ILP and ILPF systems had environmental conditions that indicate situation of moderate stress the critical and features skin and hair coat of heifers reared in ILP and ILPF systems showed no differences (P 0.05).

AVALIAÇÃO GENÔMICA DA PIGMENTAÇÃO OCULAR, PELAME E CARACTERIZAÇÃO RACIAL NAS RAÇAS HEREFORD E BRAFORD

O presente estudo teve como objetivo estimar parâmetros genéticos utilizando um modelo animal de limiar através da metodologia tradicional (pedigree e fenótipo), genômica (single-step, Bayes C, Bayes B e Bayes A), e mensurar os ganhos em acurácia para predição de valores genéticos com a incorporação de informações genômicas de painéis completos de polimorfismos de base única (SNPs) ou painéis reduzidos contendo SNPs mais representativos, para as características de pigmentação ocular (PO), pelame a desmama (PelD) e ao sobreano (PelS) e caracterização racial (CR) nas raças Hereford e Braford. Foram utilizados dados fenotípicos de animais nascidos entre os anos de 1991 e 2014, provenientes do programa de melhoramento genético Conexão Delta G, totalizando 73.615 observações para PO, 81.043 para PelD e 41.390 PelS, e 28.186 para CR, juntamente com dados de pedigree de 169.839 animais e genótipo de 3.954 animais com um total de 41.011 marcadores SNPs. Os valores de variância genética e residual encontrados possibilitaram a obtenção de herdabilidades de média a alta magnitude para PO (0,46±0,02; 0,46±0,02), PelD (0,44±0,03; 0,44±0,03), PelS (0,42±0,02; 0,41±0,02) e CR (0,33±0,02; 0,32±0,02) através dos métodos tradicional e genômico, respectivamente. As correlações genéticas (rg) encontradas entre todas características foram de baixa magnitude (-0,24

The present study aimed to estimate genetic parameters for a threshold animal model using traditional (pedigree and phenotype) and genomic (single-step, Bayes C, Bayes B and Bayes A) methodologies, and measuring accuracy gains for breeding value predictions with the incorporation of genomic information from complete SNPs panels or reduced panels containing most representative SNPs for eye pigmentation (PO), hair coat at weaning (PelD) and at yearling (PelS) and breed characterization (CR) traitsin Hereford and Braford cattle. Phenotypic data from animals born between 1991 and 2014 from the breeding program Connection Delta Gwere used, totaling 73,615 observations for PO, 81,043 for PelD, 41,390 for PelS and 28,186 for CR, along with pedigree data of 169 839 animals and genotypes of 3,954 animals and 41,011 SNP markers. Estimated genetic and residual variance values made possible to obtain heritabilities of medium to high magnitude for PO (0,46±0,02; 0,46±0,02), PelD (0,44±0,03; 0,44±0,03)PelS (0.42 ± 0.02 ; 0.41 ± 0.02) and CR (0.33 ± 0.02, 0.32 ± 0.02) through traditional and genomic methods, respectively. Genetic correlations for all traits were of low magnitude (-0.24

A noteworthy case of leucism in Artibeus lituratus (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)

Several cases of color aberration have been documented in bats, but only very few have been reported to display the genetic disorder called leucism; a genetic variation in pigmentation, such as albinism, but with a very low knowledge. The main objective of this paper is to describe a first, and noteworthy, case of two adult leucistic Artibeus lituratus trapped in a cave in the Mexican state of Oaxaca. The reproductively active specimens, one male and one female, were captured at the same time in the same shelter, but had a very different color pattern each. With the actual data it would be highly speculative to try to explain the eminent color differences between our two leucistic individuals, but we assume that the population of A. lituratus in La Montañita has a fixed frequency of the albinotic allele.

Síndrome uveodermatológico: revisión de literatura / Uveodermatological syndrome: Iiterature review / Síndrome literatura uveodermatológica:revisão de literatura

Objetivo: Revisar los principales aspectos etiológicos, epidemiológicos, diagnósticos y terapéuticos dei síndrome uveodennatológico. Fuentes Consultadas: Se realizó una búsqueda em las bases de datos CAB y PUBMED y en los archivos de las bibliotecas de las Facultades de Medicina y Medicina Veterinaria de la Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais y de la biblioteca de la Universidade Federal de Lavras, durante el período retrospectivo de 35 anos. Síntesis de los Datos: El síndrome uveodermatológico es una enfermedad multisistémica autoinmune contra los melanocitos y semejante al síndrome Vogl-Koyanagi-Harada en humanos. Los hallazgos clínicos más comunessuelen ser la uveítis, glaucoma bilateral y la despigmentación de la piel y los pelos. El procedimiento consiste en colirios cicloplégicos, antiinflamatorios no esteroides, corticosteroides y fármacos inmunosupresores. El pronóstico a largo plazo es reservado. Conclusiones: El síndrome uveodermatológico presenta incidencia creciente, siendo de gran importancia en oftalmología veterinaria. El manejo precoz y correcto se hace necesario para evitar la pérdida de visión.

Objective: To review the main etiologic, epidemiologic, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of the uveodermatologic syndrome. Data Sources: CAB and PUBMED databases were searched at the libraries of the Faculdade de Medicina and Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais and of the Universidade Federal de Lavras (School of Medicine and School of Veterinary Medicine of the Federal University of Minas Gerais and of the Federal University ofLavras), covering a retrospective period of35 years. Data Synthesis: The uveodermatologic syndrome is a systemic autoimmune disease affecting the melanocytes and similar to Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndromein humans. The most prominent clinical signs are bilateral uveitis and glaucoma and skin and hair depigmentation. The management consists of cyclopegic drugs, non-steroidal antiinflammatories, corticosteroids and immunosuppressivedrugs. The prognosis is guarded in the long run. Conclusions: The incidence of the uveodennatologic syndrome isrising and the disease is of major concern in veterinary ophtalmology. Early correct management is necessary to avoid blindness.

Objetivo: Revisar os principais aspectos etiológicos, epidemiológicos, diagnósticos e terapêuticos da síndrome uveodermatológica. Fontes Pesquisadas: Foi realizado levantamento nas bases de dados CAB e PUBMED e nos acervos das bibliotecas das Faculdades de Medicina e Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Geraise da Biblioteca da Universidade Federal de Lavras, pelo período retrospectivo de 35 anos. Síntese dos Dados: Asíndrome uveodermatológica é uma doença multissistêmica, auto-imune contra os melanócitos e semelhante à síndrome Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada em humanos. Os sinais clínicos mais evidentes são uveíte e glaucoma bilateral, além da despigmentação de pele e pelos. O manejo consiste em cicloplégicos, anti-inflamatórios não-esteroidais, corticosteróides e fármacos imunossupressores. O prognóstico é reservado a longo prazo. Conclusões: A síndrome uveodermatológica apresenta incidência crescente e é de grande importância na oftalmologia veterinária. O manejo precoce e correto é necessário para se evitar a perda da visão.