Pyometra in a tiger (Panthera tigris)

Background: Captive tigers can live a long life, around 26 years. Among the diseases described some of non-infectious origin are quite common, such as chronic kidney disease, spondylosis, and biliary cysts or tumors. On the other hand, pyometra has been frequently reported in lions, who have a higher risk of developing the disease than tigers and leopards. Pyometra is a disease with few descriptions in tigers and it may be related to the physiological features of the species. The animal is listed as Endangered on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened. The present report aims to describe the diagnosis and treatment of pyometra in a captive tigress. Case: A 7-year-old entire female tiger (Panthera tigris) weighing 140 kg was presented with a 3-day history of anorexia and prostration. For clinical examinations, collection of laboratory and imaging tests, the patient initially underwent dissociative anesthesia to allow catheterization of the cephalic vein and intravenous general anesthesia for orotracheal intubation followed by anesthetic maintenance in isoflurane. On general physical examination, the animal had normal colored mucosa, vital parameters within normal limits, and a body condition score of 6 on a scale of 9. There was no presence of vulvar secretion. The blood count and the biochemical exams showed values within the normal range for the species. The chest X-ray in the right and left views did not demonstrate pulmonary abnormalities. Ultrasonographic examination of the abdomen showed distension of the uterine body and horns, which have intraluminal hyperechoic fluid content without flocculation. Based on the imaging exam, the diagnosis was suggestive of pyometra. Exploratory celiotomy was performed via ventral midline, confirming the condition, which was treated by ovariohysterectomy. The surgical technique was performed as described for therapeutic ovariohysterectomy in dogs and cats. Culture of uterine content identified Escherichia coli. The histological analysis identified diffuse endometritis associated with follicular cysts. The tiger had complete recovery without any complications. The patient was releasing 13 days after the surgical procedure and in the last contact four months after the surgery, it was in perfect health conditions. Discussion: Pyometra in large exotic felids has been occasionally reported, mainly in animals more than 10 years of age. Although the tigress in the report is estimated to be seven years old. The patient in question started with anorexia and prostration and as there was already a history of cystic endometrial hyperplasia, a possible pyometra was suspected, despite being uncommon in the species. There was not vaginal discharge. The definitive diagnosis was by means of ultrasound examination and ovariohysterectomy was performed. Abdominal surgery for these large felids is complex, due to the intra-abdominal volume the flank approach or by laparoscopic is suggested, however in this case a ventral midline incision was performed without intercurrences and complications in the post-operative period. The surgical technique like that used in small animals was effective for the treatment of pyometra in the tigress with the use of ovariohysterectomy. Culture of uterine content identified Escherichia coli, which has been the most commonly isolated pathogen in pyometra of large felids. It was concluded that, as in bitches with pyometra, early diagnosis and surgical treatment is ideal for the patient's recovery.

Métodos de diagnóstico relacionados à doença renal policística em felinos: revisão de literatura / Diagnostic methods related to polycystic kidney disease in cats: literature review

A doença renal policística felina (DRP), comumente conhecida como PKD (Polycystic Kidney Disease), é uma enfermidade de caráter hereditário, congênita autossômica dominante, que se caracteriza pelo desenvolvimento de cistos renais com crescimento progressivo. Esses cistos também podem ser encontrados no pâncreas, fígado e baço, com tamanhos variados. É mais comumente diagnosticada em gatos, principalmente na raça persa ou mestiços, sem distinção por sexo e cor da pelagem. Os sinais clínicos variam de acordo com o comprometimento do parênquima renal e o diagnóstico precoce é significativo, para retirar pacientes acometidos da reprodução, evitando a disseminação da doença, visto que não há um tratamento específico.(AU)

The feline polycystic kidney disease, commonly known as PKD (Polycystic Kidney Disease) is a disease of hereditary character, congenital autosomal dominant character, which is characterized by the development of kidney cysts with progressive growth. These cysts can also be found in the pancreas, liver, and spleen, with varying sizes. It is most commonly diagnosed in cats, mainly in the Persian breed or mixed-breeds, without distinction for sex or coat color. The clinical signs vary according to the involvement of the renal parenchyma and early diagnosis is significant, to remove affected patients from breeding, avoiding the spread of the disease, since there is no specific treatment.(AU)

Caroli syndrome in a dog / Síndrome de Caroli em um cão

Caroli syndrome is characterized by a combination of intrahepatic biliary ductal ectasia and congenital ductal fibrosis due to the failure of involution of ductal plates and large intrahepatic ducts. This study aims to report Caroli syndrome in a dog, with emphasis on clinical characteristics, complementary examinations, and diagnostic approach. A 1-year-old mixed-breed intact male dog was presented with a 7-day history of acute vomiting and anorexia. Clinical evaluation revealed severe jaundice, abdominal pain, dehydration, lethargy, and abdominal distension. Ultrasonography revealed hepatic cysts filled with fluid. Exploratory laparotomy was performed to clarify the imaging findings; however, the dog died shortly after surgery. Postmortem examination revealed that the liver was reduced in size and had multiple interconnected and distended saccular dilations. The bile ducts were markedly dilated and replaced a large part of the liver parenchyma. Multiple small cysts were also observed in the kidneys. Microscopically, the hepatic lesions were characterized by extensive bridging fibrosis associated with proliferating and ectatic bile ducts contiguous with the biliary tree. Marked fibrosis and small cysts were observed in the kidneys. Therefore, a final diagnosis of Caroli syndrome was made. While uncommon, this syndrome should be considered as a differential diagnosis for young dogs with biliary cysts and hepatic fibrosis.

A síndrome de Caroli é caracterizada pela combinação de ectasia biliar intra-hepática e fibrose ductal congênita, que se devem a falha na involução das placas ductais dos grandes ductos intra-hepáticos. Esse trabalho tem a intenção de reportar um caso de síndrome de Caroli em um canino, com ênfase em suas características clínicas, exames complementares, e abordagem diagnóstica. Um canídeo de um ano de idade, sem raça definida, apresentou um histórico clínico de sete dias de vômito agudo e anorexia. A avaliação clínica revelou severa icterícia, dor abdominal, desidratação, letargia e distensão abdominal. A ultrassonografia foi sugestiva de cistos hepáticos preenchidos por fluido. Uma laparotomia exploratória foi realizada para esclarecer os achados de imagem, porém, o cão morreu logo após a cirurgia. O cão foi submetido a exame de necropsia, onde se observou fígado diminuído em tamanho e com múltiplas dilatações saculares distendidas e interconectadas entre si. Os ductos biliares estavam acentuadamente dilatados e substituíam grande parte do parênquima hepático. Nos rins, múltiplos pequenos cistos eram observados. Microscopicamente as lesões hepáticas eram caracterizadas por extensa fibrose em ponte, associada a ductos biliares ectáticos e proliferados, que eram contíguos a árvore biliar. Nos rins, marcada fibrose e pequenas formações císticas foram observadas. Baseado na associação dos achados clínicos e patológicos, o diagnóstico de síndrome de Caroli foi feito. Mesmo que incomum, essa síndrome deve ser considerada como um diagnóstico diferencial para cães jovens com ductos biliares císticos e fibrose hepática.

Main causes of cattle slaughter condemnation under the state sanitary inspection in Bahia, Brazil / Principais causas de condenação de bovinos abatidos sob inspeção sanitária estadual na Bahia, Brasil

Slaughter condemnations are important sources of information on cattle health and handling. The aim of this study was to evaluate the main causes of condemnation of cattle slaughter under the state sanitary inspection by the Diretoria de Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Agropecuária (DIPA) of Agência de Defesa Agropecuária da Bahia (ADAB), in Bahia, Brazil. A retrospective data of all cattle slaughtered from 2012 to 2019 was obtained from DIPA ­ ADAB. During this period, 4,635,615 cattle were slaughtered and 1,452,472 (31.33%) condemnations were registered to have occurred at varying levels in all regions of the state. The more condemned organs were kidneys and lungs; and the main causes of condemnation were nephritis (11.79%), congestion (11.20%), emphysema (10.72%), blood aspiration (8.36%), renal cysts (5.75%), and abscesses (5.71%). However, other condemnation causes such as cysticercosis, fasciolosis, and tuberculosis were observed at lower rates. Results showed that the main causes of condemnation of cattle slaughter were not related to zoonotic diseases instead were more involved in partial condemnation of organs.(AU)

As condenações no momento do abate dos animais são importantes fontes de informação sobre a saúde e o manejo do rebanho. Por isso, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as principais causas de condenações em bovinos abatidos sob sistema de inspeção estadual da Diretoria de Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal (DIPA) da Agência de Defesa Agropecuária da Bahia (ADAB), no estado da Bahia, Brasil. O estudo retrospectivo obteve os dados da DIPA ­ ADAB e analisou os dados de animais abatidos entre 2012 e 2019. Nesse período, foram abatidos 4.635.615 bovinos e 1.452.472 (31,33%) de condenações foram observadas em todas as regiões variando em diferentes níveis. Os órgãos mais condenados foram rins e pulmões e as principais causas de condenação encontradas foram nefrite (11,79%), congestão (11,20%), enfisema (10,72%), aspiração de sangue (8,36%), cistos renais (5,75%) e abscessos (5,71%). No entanto, outras causas com taxas de condenação menores como cisticercose, fasciolose e tuberculose também foram observadas. Os resultados mostram que as principais causas de condenação não estão relacionadas com doenças com potencial zoonótico e levam a condenações parciais das vísceras acometidas.(AU)

Ressecção de cisto renal único por meio de videolaparoscopia em cão / Resection of simple kidney cyst through videolaparoscopy in dogs

As práticas cirúrgicas dentro da medicina veterinária vêm se aperfeiçoando ao longo do tempo com o desenvolvimento de técnicas cada vez menos invasivas, visando à diminuição da dor e a recuperação mais rápida da função das estruturas operadas. Este relato teve como objetivo evidenciar os benefícios da técnica de ressecção de um cisto renal por meio de videolaparoscopia em um canino, fêmea, da raça Golden Retriever, castradoe com 10 anos que apresentava histórico de apatia. No exame ultrassonográfico foi evidenciada estrutura cortical no rim direito, sugestiva de cisto renal. Foi realizada a confirmação do diagnóstico e posterior drenagem do cisto de forma percutânea videoassistida, seguida de sua ressecção e omentopexia por técnica laparoscópica a fim de garantir boa condição cicatricial, drenagem de urina e aporte de células de defesa. A técnica apresentou ausência de complicações durante o procedimento, mínima dor no pós-operatório e recuperação rápida do paciente. A análise histopatológica do fragmento retirado do cisto confirmou o diagnóstico de cisto epitelial benigno, que é a forma mais comum de cistos renais, fornecendo um bom prognóstico para o paciente. Não houve complicações ou sinais de recidiva três meses após o procedimento. Os cistos renais ocorrem com pouca frequência em animais domésticos e geralmente não causam sinais clínicos, porém se em grande número ou tamanho considerável podem causar doença renal crônica cursando com sinais clínicos sistêmicos além da deformação renal e dor abdominal. No caso relatado, a ressecção cirúrgica do cisto renal simples por videocirurgia foi eficaz, sem complicações e preservou a função do órgão.

Surgical practices within veterinary medicine have been improving over time with the development of increasingly less invasive techniques, aimed at reducing pain and faster recovery of the function of operated structures. This report aimed to highlight the benefits due a technique of resection of a simple renal cyst through video laparoscopy. A ten years old canine, female, Golden Retriever had history of apathy. Ultrasound examination found a cortical structure in the right kidney, suggestive of renal cyst. Diagnosis was confirmed and the cyst was drained through percutaneously video-assisted technique, followed by its resection and omentopexy by laparoscopic technique in order to ensure a good healing condition, urine drainage and supply of defense cells. The technique showed no complications during the procedure, less pain in the postoperative period and faster recovery of the patient. Histopathology of the fragment removed from the cyst was performed and the diagnosis of benign epithelial cyst was confirmed, which is the most common form of renal cysts, providing a good prognosis for the patient. There were no complications or signs of recurrence three months after the procedure. Renal cysts occur infrequently in domestic animals and generally do not cause clinical signs, but if in large numbers or considerable size is presented, they can cause chronic kidney disease with systemic clinical signs in addition to renal deformation and abdominal pain. In this case, laparoscopic resection of the simple renal cyst was effective, without complications and preserved the organ's function.

Renal dysplasia in a Maltese dog

Background: Renal dysplasia (RD) is a common cause of renal failure in young dogs. It is defined as a disorganization inrenal parenchymal development, with abnormal differentiation. In all domestic animal species, RD may be hereditary oracquired. The affected animals show clinical signs of early chronic kidney disease, usually between 3 months to 3 yearsof age. The alterations include persistent metanephric ducts surrounded by primitive mesenchyme, glomeruli and fetaltubules, and abnormal interstitial fibrous tissue. We aimed to report the case of a 1-year-old canine with renal dysplasia.Case: A 1-year-old male Maltese dog experiencing polyuria, polydipsia, recurrent episodic vomiting, bloody diarrhea,weight loss, apathy, and anorexia was referred to a private clinic in the municipality of Itabuna-Bahia. Physical examination revealed hypochromic mucosa, dehydration estimated at 8%, rectal temperature of 37.5ºC, halitosis, and a bodyscore of 3 out of 9. Laboratory abnormalities included hematocrit of 18%, with hypochromic normocytic aregenerativeanemia, azotemia (urea - 530 mg/dL, creatinine - 10.5 mg/dL), hyperglobulinemia (4.7 g/dL), low urinary density (1005),proteinuria (300 mg/dL), and urinary pH - 7.0. Ultrasonography revealed bilateral small kidneys with loss of corticomedullary definition, cystic formations of different sizes on the renal surface, and hyperechoic areas in the parenchyma;these alterations were suggestive of bilateral chronic nephropathy. Considering the clinical, hematological, biochemical, andultrasonographic presentation associated with the age of the patient, renal dysplasia was suspected. The patient’s clinicalcondition progressed to loss of consciousness and convulsions, followed by death. Necropsy revealed pale, hypotrophickidneys with firm consistency, irregular capsular surface containing multiple cortical cysts of different sizes, and alteredcortico-medullar proportion. Kidney fragments were sent to...

Renal dysplasia in a Maltese dog

Background: Renal dysplasia (RD) is a common cause of renal failure in young dogs. It is defined as a disorganization inrenal parenchymal development, with abnormal differentiation. In all domestic animal species, RD may be hereditary oracquired. The affected animals show clinical signs of early chronic kidney disease, usually between 3 months to 3 yearsof age. The alterations include persistent metanephric ducts surrounded by primitive mesenchyme, glomeruli and fetaltubules, and abnormal interstitial fibrous tissue. We aimed to report the case of a 1-year-old canine with renal dysplasia.Case: A 1-year-old male Maltese dog experiencing polyuria, polydipsia, recurrent episodic vomiting, bloody diarrhea,weight loss, apathy, and anorexia was referred to a private clinic in the municipality of Itabuna-Bahia. Physical examination revealed hypochromic mucosa, dehydration estimated at 8%, rectal temperature of 37.5ºC, halitosis, and a bodyscore of 3 out of 9. Laboratory abnormalities included hematocrit of 18%, with hypochromic normocytic aregenerativeanemia, azotemia (urea - 530 mg/dL, creatinine - 10.5 mg/dL), hyperglobulinemia (4.7 g/dL), low urinary density (1005),proteinuria (300 mg/dL), and urinary pH - 7.0. Ultrasonography revealed bilateral small kidneys with loss of corticomedullary definition, cystic formations of different sizes on the renal surface, and hyperechoic areas in the parenchyma;these alterations were suggestive of bilateral chronic nephropathy. Considering the clinical, hematological, biochemical, andultrasonographic presentation associated with the age of the patient, renal dysplasia was suspected. The patients clinicalcondition progressed to loss of consciousness and convulsions, followed by death. Necropsy revealed pale, hypotrophickidneys with firm consistency, irregular capsular surface containing multiple cortical cysts of different sizes, and alteredcortico-medullar proportion. Kidney fragments were sent to...(AU)

Perinephric pseudocyst in a two-month-old female cat

Background: Perinephric pseudocyst is defined as an accumulation of fluid in fibrous sacs surrounding one or both kidneys, and may be located in the subcapsular or extracapsular region. Histologically, it is characterized by the absence of an epithelial lining to the cyst wall and the term pseudocyst is used. This condition have been reported sporadically in cats, and is associated with chronic kidney disease, mainly in older animals. The diagnosis is based on imaging tests and the prognosis is related to the severity of renal dysfunction. The aim of this report is to describe an unusual presentation of perinephric pseudocyst in a very young female cat.Case: A mixed-breed 2-month-old female cat was evaluated for presenting abdominal distension and anatomical deformities of the limbs. Renomegaly on the left side was noted during abdominal palpation. On presentation, the serum creatinine was 134 µmol/L. Urinalysis showed mild proteinuria, presence of squamous and transitional cells, and rare bacteria. The urine specific gravity was 1.044 and urine protein to creatinine ratio was 0.23. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a large anechoic subcapsular cyst on the left kidney, in adittion to dilatation of renal pelvis and calyces. The excretory urography showed left renomegaly, and the nephrogram and pyelogram were not clearly observed in this kidney, indicating unilateral deficiency in renal filtration. The cat was referred to unilateral left nephrectomy but died shortly before surgery. At necropsy, marked left kidney enlargment was observed (6.5 x 4.5 x 1.5 cm), with a cystic aspect, occupying almost the entire abdominal cavity. The cystic content was translucent and was compressing the renal parenchyma, resulting in hydronephrosis. The capsule forming the cyst wall was composed of connective tissue, characterizing the perinephric pseudocyst.Discussion: Reports show cases of perinephric pseudocyst affecting mostly older animals, above eight years old.[...]

Perinephric pseudocyst in a two-month-old female cat

Background: Perinephric pseudocyst is defined as an accumulation of fluid in fibrous sacs surrounding one or both kidneys, and may be located in the subcapsular or extracapsular region. Histologically, it is characterized by the absence of an epithelial lining to the cyst wall and the term pseudocyst is used. This condition have been reported sporadically in cats, and is associated with chronic kidney disease, mainly in older animals. The diagnosis is based on imaging tests and the prognosis is related to the severity of renal dysfunction. The aim of this report is to describe an unusual presentation of perinephric pseudocyst in a very young female cat.Case: A mixed-breed 2-month-old female cat was evaluated for presenting abdominal distension and anatomical deformities of the limbs. Renomegaly on the left side was noted during abdominal palpation. On presentation, the serum creatinine was 134 µmol/L. Urinalysis showed mild proteinuria, presence of squamous and transitional cells, and rare bacteria. The urine specific gravity was 1.044 and urine protein to creatinine ratio was 0.23. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a large anechoic subcapsular cyst on the left kidney, in adittion to dilatation of renal pelvis and calyces. The excretory urography showed left renomegaly, and the nephrogram and pyelogram were not clearly observed in this kidney, indicating unilateral deficiency in renal filtration. The cat was referred to unilateral left nephrectomy but died shortly before surgery. At necropsy, marked left kidney enlargment was observed (6.5 x 4.5 x 1.5 cm), with a cystic aspect, occupying almost the entire abdominal cavity. The cystic content was translucent and was compressing the renal parenchyma, resulting in hydronephrosis. The capsule forming the cyst wall was composed of connective tissue, characterizing the perinephric pseudocyst.Discussion: Reports show cases of perinephric pseudocyst affecting mostly older animals, above eight years old.[...](AU)

Estudo retrospectivo das causas de condenações de rins de suínos abatidos em matadouro-frigorífico de Sinop, MT 2008-2013 / Retrospective study of swine kidney condemnations in slaughterhouse from Sinop, Mato Grosso state 2008-2013

This study aimed to identify the main reasons for renal condemnation in a swine slaughterhouse. Data from the State Inspection Service from this industry located in Sinop, Mato Grosso State, in the period from January 2008 to December 2013, were used. A total of 415,312 pigs coming from municipalities located in the region were inspected. From these, 244,730 animals had some sort of postmortem condemnation. The main causes for condemnation (total and partial) were grouped according to the largest number of condemnations. The most frequent causes of condemnation were nephritis (37.78%), urinay cysts (18.68%) and uronephrosis (2.11%).

Este estudo objetivou identificar as principais causas de condenações de rins de em um frigorífico de suínos. Foram utilizados dados do Serviço de Inspeção Estadual de uma indústria localizada no município de Sinop, no período compreendido entre janeiro de 2008 a dezembro de 2013. Foram inspecionados 415.312 animais, procedentes de municípios localizados na região médio-norte matogrossense. Dessas, 244.730 tiveram algum tipo de condenação post mortem. As principais causas de condenação (total e parcial) foram agrupadas segundo o maior número das condenações. As causas de condenação mais frequentes foram nefrite (37,78%), quisto urinário (18,68%) e uronefrose (2,11%).

Estudo retrospectivo das causas de condenações de rins de suínos abatidos em matadouro-frigorífico de Sinop, MT 2008-2013 / Retrospective study of swine kidney condemnations in slaughterhouse from Sinop, Mato Grosso state 2008-2013

This study aimed to identify the main reasons for renal condemnation in a swine slaughterhouse. Data from the State Inspection Service from this industry located in Sinop, Mato Grosso State, in the period from January 2008 to December 2013, were used. A total of 415,312 pigs coming from municipalities located in the region were inspected. From these, 244,730 animals had some sort of postmortem condemnation. The main causes for condemnation (total and partial) were grouped according to the largest number of condemnations. The most frequent causes of condemnation were nephritis (37.78%), urinay cysts (18.68%) and uronephrosis (2.11%).(AU)

Este estudo objetivou identificar as principais causas de condenações de rins de em um frigorífico de suínos. Foram utilizados dados do Serviço de Inspeção Estadual de uma indústria localizada no município de Sinop, no período compreendido entre janeiro de 2008 a dezembro de 2013. Foram inspecionados 415.312 animais, procedentes de municípios localizados na região médio-norte matogrossense. Dessas, 244.730 tiveram algum tipo de condenação post mortem. As principais causas de condenação (total e parcial) foram agrupadas segundo o maior número das condenações. As causas de condenação mais frequentes foram nefrite (37,78%), quisto urinário (18,68%) e uronefrose (2,11%).(AU)

MicroRNAs EM AMOSTRAS DE PLASMA E SORO DE FELINOS DOMÉSTICOS HÍGIDOS E COM DOENÇA DOS RINS POLICÍSTICOS

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) são pequenos RNAs não codantes (ncRNA) que regulam a expressão gênica em um nível pós-transcricional, silenciando o RNA mensageiro alvo (mRNA). A doença renal policística (DRP), também conhecida como doença renal policística autossômica dominante (DRPAD), é uma condição geneticamente heterogênea caracterizada pela formação de cistos no parênquima renal. É a doença hereditária mais prevalente em gatos domésticos. Foi proposto que um único miRNA pode ter como alvo centenas de genes, e que um gene pode ser alvo de vários miRNAs. Essas partículas de RNA não codantes têm funções regulatórios importantes em muitos processos biológicos e podem induzir a cistogênese da DRP por influenciar vários genes alvos, bem como por regular diretamente a expressão do gene felino responsável pela codificação da proteína policistina-1 (PKD1). Neste trabalho foram quantificados e comparados cinco tipos de miRNAs (miR-20a, -192, -365, -15b-5p e -16-5p) em amostras de plasma e soro de felinos domésticos; esse tipo de amostra é fácil de trabalhar e possui potencial diagnóstico e 2 prognóstico. O protocolo padronizado de RT-rtPCR usou 100 L de amostras de plasma ou soro como fontes de moléculas de biomarcadores. No grupo controle, com dez amostras de animais hígidos, demonstrou-se que o soro fornece maiores quantidades de miRNA do que as amostras de plasma, com p <0,0001 para miR-20a e p <0,0002 para miR-16-5p. Tanto em animais hígidos quanto no grupo portador da mutação PKD1 (n = 9), a concentração de miRNA é maior no soro quando comparado ao plasma, com p = 0,0011 para miR-20a, e p = 0,0003 para miR-16-5p. O miR-20a sérico é mais expresso no grupo PKD com p < 0,005; a análise da curva Roc obteve uma área sob a curva (AUC) de 90,1%, e ponto de corte com sensibilidade de 77,8% e especificidade de 100%. Esses dados fornecem valiosas informações sobre a expressão de miRNA renal em amostragem de sangue periférico de felinos domésticos.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs (ncRNA) that regulate gene expression at a post-transcriptional level by silencing targeted messenger RNA (mRNA). Polycystic kidney disease (PKD), also known as autosomal-dominant polycystic disease (ADPKD) is a genetically heterogeneous condition characterized by cysts in renal parenchyma. It is the most prevalent inherited disease of domestic cats. It has been proposed that a single miRNA can target more than hundred genes and one gene can be target of several miRNAs. These non-coding RNA particles have important regulatory roles in a board range of biological processes, and they may induce PKD cytogenesis by affecting targets genes, as well as by directly regulating the expression of feline gene that is responsible for encoding polycystin-1 protein (PKD1). In this study we quantified and 3 compared the relative expression profile of five miRNAs (miR-20a, -192, -365, -15b-5p, and -16-5p) from plasma and serum samples of domestic felines; these types of samples are easy to handle and have diagnostic and prognostic potential. Our RT-rtPCR procedure used 100 L of either plasma or serum samples as sources of biomarker molecules. In ten samples of healthy cats on the control group, it was shown that the serum provided more miRNA than plasma samples, with a p < 0.0001 for miR-20a and p < 0.0002 for miR-16- 5p. Both in healthy animals and the PKD1 carrier group (n = 9), there are more miRNAs in serum when compared with plasma, with a p = 0,0011 for miR-20a and p = 0,0003 for miR-16-5p. Serum miR-20a is upregulated in PKD group with p < 0.005; Roc curve analysis showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 90,1%, with a cut-off value sensitivity of 77.8% and specificity of 100%. This data provides valuable information regarding renal miRNA expression in peripheral blood sampling of domestic felines

Status sanitário da produção de lambari-do-rabo-amarelo Astyanax lacustris

Dentre os peixes nativos com potencial para a piscicultura, destaca-se o Astyanax lacustris, espécie de pequeno porte, pelágica, com hábito alimentar onívoro e amplamente distribuída nas bacias hidrográficas neotropicais. Esta espécie é comum na região sudeste do Brasil e têm se destacado pelo potencial para a produção comercial. Todavia, a intensificação da produção tem acarretado problemas de saúde, principalmente causados por parasitos, em que relatos sobre o status sanitário da espécie são escassos. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo identificar os principais parasitos que afetam o A. lacustris e determinar os índices ecológicos do parasitismo. O estudo foi desenvolvido no Laboratório de Microbiologia e Parasitologia de Organismos Aquáticos, do Centro de Aquicultura da UNESP (LAPOA) em parceria com pisciculturas comerciais de lambari, localizadas no município de Buritizal/SP e Jaboticabal/SP. Para tanto, 270 peixes foram submetidos ao exame parasitológico através de raspado da pele e brânquias, análise de órgãos internos, como fígado, rim, cérebro e trato gastrointestinal, sendo este material observado em microscópio. Foi verificada a ocorrência de protozoário ciliado (tricodinídeos), protozoário mastigóforo (Piscinoodinium pillulare), nematódeos cistos de mixosporídeos e monogenéticos. A maior prevalência foi de tricodinídeos, sendo a espécie Tricodina heterodentata primeiramente relatada no lambari como ectoparasito e os mixosporídeos (Henneguya sp.) como endoparasitos. Após análise das variáveis limnológicas da água, pode-se observar elevada concentração de fósforo, justificando a necessidade de intervenções e mudanças no manejo das pisciculturas para ajustar o ambiente as condições adequadas para o desenvolvimento e manutenção da saúde dos peixes, pois a qualidade da água inadequada favorece o aparecimento de doenças parasitárias, que são uma grande preocupação na piscicultura, pois resultam em perdas diretas e indiretas. O controle eficaz das doenças depende do manejo sanitário integrado, que considera o hospedeiro, o meio ambiente, os parasitas e a prática adequada de criação

Among the native fish with potential for aquaculture, Astyanax lacustris stands out, a small, pelagic species with an omnivorous dietary and widely distributed in neotropical watersheds. This species is common in the southeastern region of Brazil and has stood out for its potencial for commercial production has caused health problems, mainly caused by parasites in which reports about the health status os the species are scarce. Thus, this study aims to identify the main parasites affecting A. lacustris and to determine the ecological indices of parasitism. The study was developed at the Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Aquatic Organisms of the UNESP Aquaculture Center (LAPOA) in partnership with commercial lambari fish farms, located in Buritizal/SP and Jaboticabal/SP. For this purpose, 270 fish were submitted to parasitological examination through skin scraping and gills, analysis of internal organs, such as liver, kidney, brain and gastrointestinal tract, this material being observed under a microscope. The ocurrence of ciliated protozoan (trichodina), mastigophore protozoan (Piscinoodinium pillulare), nematodes, myxozoa cysts and monogenetic were found. The highest prevalence was observed by parasitism of trichodinids as ectoparasites, being Trichodina heterodentata as the first species related to A. lacustris and myxozoa (Henneguya sp.) as endoparasites. The results of water analyzes, especially the high phosphorus level, may indicate the need for intervetions and changes in the management of fish farms to adjust the enviroment, such as the conditions of use development of fish with good health, with poor quality water. The emergence of parasitic diseases, wich are a major concern in fish farming, resulting in direct and indirect damage. Effective disease control depends on integrated health management, wich considers the host, enviroment, parasites and husbandry practices appropriate.

Doença renal policística em bezerro / Polycystic kidney disease in a calf

Este relato descreve um caso de doença renal policística em um bovino, macho, mestiço, com um ano de idade. Ao exame clínicoobservou-se estado nutricional ruim, mucosas pálidas, desidratação moderada (8% a 10%), úlceras na região ventral da língua,áreas multifocais de hipotricose recobertas por crostas por todo o corpo e decúbito esterno-lateral permanente. Na avaliação dohemograma observou-se principalmente anemia arregenerativa e leucocitose devido à neutrofilia com desvio à [confirmar] esquerda.Na necropsia, os rins estavam aumentados de volume, pálidos e com a superfície natural finamente irregular. Histologicamente, haviasubstituição quase completa da cortical renal por múltiplos e pequenos cistos, distensão dos espaços de Bowman, regeneraçãotubular, fibrose, edema e leve infiltrado inflamatório linfoplasmocítico intersticial.(AU)

This report describes a case of polycystic kidney disease in a male, mixed breed bovine aged one year. On clinical examinationrevealed a poor nutritional status, pallid mucous membranes, moderated dehydration (8 to 10%), ulcers on the ventral portion ofthe tongue, multifocal areas of hypotrichosis covered with scabs throughout the entire body and permanent sternolateral decubitus.The blood exam revealed aregenerative anemia and leukocytosis (neutrophilia) with deviation to the left. The necropsy revealedenlarged, pallid kidneys with a finely irregular natural surface. The histological analysis revealed the nearly complete replacementof the renal cortex by numerous small cysts, distension of the Bowman space, tubular regeneration, fibrosis, edema and mildinterstitial lymphoplasmacytic inflammatory infiltrate.(AU)

Doença renal policística em bezerro / Polycystic kidney disease in a calf

Este relato descreve um caso de doença renal policística em um bovino, macho, mestiço, com um ano de idade. Ao exame clínicoobservou-se estado nutricional ruim, mucosas pálidas, desidratação moderada (8% a 10%), úlceras na região ventral da língua,áreas multifocais de hipotricose recobertas por crostas por todo o corpo e decúbito esterno-lateral permanente. Na avaliação dohemograma observou-se principalmente anemia arregenerativa e leucocitose devido à neutrofilia com desvio à [confirmar] esquerda.Na necropsia, os rins estavam aumentados de volume, pálidos e com a superfície natural finamente irregular. Histologicamente, haviasubstituição quase completa da cortical renal por múltiplos e pequenos cistos, distensão dos espaços de Bowman, regeneraçãotubular, fibrose, edema e leve infiltrado inflamatório linfoplasmocítico intersticial.

This report describes a case of polycystic kidney disease in a male, mixed breed bovine aged one year. On clinical examinationrevealed a poor nutritional status, pallid mucous membranes, moderated dehydration (8 to 10%), ulcers on the ventral portion ofthe tongue, multifocal areas of hypotrichosis covered with scabs throughout the entire body and permanent sternolateral decubitus.The blood exam revealed aregenerative anemia and leukocytosis (neutrophilia) with deviation to the left. The necropsy revealedenlarged, pallid kidneys with a finely irregular natural surface. The histological analysis revealed the nearly complete replacementof the renal cortex by numerous small cysts, distension of the Bowman space, tubular regeneration, fibrosis, edema and mildinterstitial lymphoplasmacytic inflammatory infiltrate.

Achados patológicos em caninos com displasia renal no Sul do Brasil / Pathological findings in dogs with renal dysplasia in Southern Brazil

Renal dysplasia results from a disturbance which occurs during nephrogenesis. The disease may be unilateral or bilateral, and leads to abnormal kidney differentiation leading to renal failure in young dogs. Several agents, including viruses, can cause the dysplasia till three months after birth, when the early nephron formation of the developing kidney is completed. Eleven renal dysplasia cases were diagnosed in 186 dogs with renal failure of 5,846 dogs necropsied in the Veterinary Pathology Sector, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, in the period 2002-2013. Tissue samples collected during necropsy were fixed in 10% formaldehyde and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Masson’s trichrome protocol. Upon necropsy, kidneys were pale, smaller than normal, irregular and firm, and presented lower cortex diameter. Some exhibited cysts and whitish, parallel radially arranged striae in the medulla. Primary and secondary renal lesions were observed during histological examination. Primary lesions included fetal glomeruli and tubules, quantitative reduction in glomeruli, adenomatous tubules, and persistence of metanephric ducts. As for secondary lesions, Masson trichrome staining revealed intense interstitial fibrosis in all cases; furthermore, dilation of tubules and of Bowman’s capsules, glomerular atrophy, and glomerulosclerosis were observed. Even though most cases were associated with breed, the results obtained indicate high prevalence of renal dysplasia in mixed-breed dogs, possibly because they were the majority of animals referred for necropsy. Although primary lesions were easily identified using HE, Masson’s trichrome protocol is useful to characterize the extent of fibrosis.

A displasia renal resulta de um distúrbio na nefrogênese, com diferenciação anormal dos rins, podendo ser unilateral ou bilateral, e causa insuficiência renal em cães jovens. Qualquer agente agressor, incluindo vírus, pode causar a lesão até três meses após o nascimento, quando encerra o desenvolvimento embrionário do néfron. Foram diagnosticados 11 casos de displasia renal dentre 186 casos de cães com insuficiência renal de um total de 5.846 cães submetidos à necropsia no Setor de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul no período 2002-2013. Amostras teciduais coletadas na necropsia foram fixadas em 10% de formol e coradas com hematoxilina e eosina (HE) e tricrômico de Masson. Na necropsia, os rins estavam pálidos, diminuídos de tamanho, irregulares e firmes, com diâmetro da cortical diminuído. Alguns ainda eram císticos e apresentavam estriações brancacentas paralelas dispostas radialmente na medular. Ao exame histológico os rins exibiam lesões primárias e secundárias. As lesões primárias identificadas foram glomérulos e túbulos fetais, diminuição quantitativa de glomérulos, túbulos adenomatosos e persistência de ductos metanéfricos. Dentre as lesões secundárias, a coloração de tricrômico de Masson evidenciou intensa fibrose intersticial em todos os casos. Além disso, foram observadas dilatação de túbulos e da cápsula de Bowman, atrofia glomerular e glomeruloesclerose. Ainda que a maioria dos casos tenha sido relacionada com linhagens raciais, esse trabalho demonstra uma alta frequência de diagnóstico de displasia renal em cães sem raça definida, possivelmente devido ao fato de que estes representam a maioria dos cães encaminhados ao laboratório. Apesar das lesões primárias serem facilmente identificadas pela coloração de hematoxilina eosina, a coloração de tricrômico de Masson auxilia na identificação da extensão da fibrose.

Achados patológicos em caninos com displasia renal no Sul do Brasil / Pathological findings in dogs with renal dysplasia in Southern Brazil

Renal dysplasia results from a disturbance which occurs during nephrogenesis. The disease may be unilateral or bilateral, and leads to abnormal kidney differentiation leading to renal failure in young dogs. Several agents, including viruses, can cause the dysplasia till three months after birth, when the early nephron formation of the developing kidney is completed. Eleven renal dysplasia cases were diagnosed in 186 dogs with renal failure of 5,846 dogs necropsied in the Veterinary Pathology Sector, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, in the period 2002-2013. Tissue samples collected during necropsy were fixed in 10% formaldehyde and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Massons trichrome protocol. Upon necropsy, kidneys were pale, smaller than normal, irregular and firm, and presented lower cortex diameter. Some exhibited cysts and whitish, parallel radially arranged striae in the medulla. Primary and secondary renal lesions were observed during histological examination. Primary lesions included fetal glomeruli and tubules, quantitative reduction in glomeruli, adenomatous tubules, and persistence of metanephric ducts. As for secondary lesions, Masson trichrome staining revealed intense interstitial fibrosis in all cases; furthermore, dilation of tubules and of Bowmans capsules, glomerular atrophy, and glomerulosclerosis were observed. Even though most cases were associated with breed, the results obtained indicate high prevalence of renal dysplasia in mixed-breed dogs, possibly because they were the majority of animals referred for necropsy. Although primary lesions were easily identified using HE, Massons trichrome protocol is useful to characterize the extent of fibrosis.(AU)

A displasia renal resulta de um distúrbio na nefrogênese, com diferenciação anormal dos rins, podendo ser unilateral ou bilateral, e causa insuficiência renal em cães jovens. Qualquer agente agressor, incluindo vírus, pode causar a lesão até três meses após o nascimento, quando encerra o desenvolvimento embrionário do néfron. Foram diagnosticados 11 casos de displasia renal dentre 186 casos de cães com insuficiência renal de um total de 5.846 cães submetidos à necropsia no Setor de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul no período 2002-2013. Amostras teciduais coletadas na necropsia foram fixadas em 10% de formol e coradas com hematoxilina e eosina (HE) e tricrômico de Masson. Na necropsia, os rins estavam pálidos, diminuídos de tamanho, irregulares e firmes, com diâmetro da cortical diminuído. Alguns ainda eram císticos e apresentavam estriações brancacentas paralelas dispostas radialmente na medular. Ao exame histológico os rins exibiam lesões primárias e secundárias. As lesões primárias identificadas foram glomérulos e túbulos fetais, diminuição quantitativa de glomérulos, túbulos adenomatosos e persistência de ductos metanéfricos. Dentre as lesões secundárias, a coloração de tricrômico de Masson evidenciou intensa fibrose intersticial em todos os casos. Além disso, foram observadas dilatação de túbulos e da cápsula de Bowman, atrofia glomerular e glomeruloesclerose. Ainda que a maioria dos casos tenha sido relacionada com linhagens raciais, esse trabalho demonstra uma alta frequência de diagnóstico de displasia renal em cães sem raça definida, possivelmente devido ao fato de que estes representam a maioria dos cães encaminhados ao laboratório. Apesar das lesões primárias serem facilmente identificadas pela coloração de hematoxilina eosina, a coloração de tricrômico de Masson auxilia na identificação da extensão da fibrose.(AU)

Molecular research of Leptospira spp. in kidneys of cattle / Investigação molecular de Leptospira spp. em rins de bovinos

Background: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease caused by Leptospira spp. that affects wild and domestic animals and humans. It has a worldwide distribution and causes public health problems and economic losses in livestock. The genus Leptospira is divided basically into two species: the Leptospira interrogans that is pathogenic and Leptospira biflexa that is considered saprobic. Cattle are an important source of infection, mainly to humans who work with these animals such as breeders, cowboys, slaughtermen, veterinarians and agricultural technicians. The temperature and rainfall indices of tropical and subtropical climate regions encourage the continuing disease outbreaks. In humans the symptoms are headache, fever, myalgia, nausea and vomiting. The identification of the disease is possible with some tests such as ELISA, immunofluorescence, bacterial culture, and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The aim of this work was to perform the molecular research for the presence of Leptospira spp. in kidneys of cattle refuted at a slaughterhouse. Materials, Methods & Results: Two hundred fragments of cattle kidney were collected at slaughterhouse located at Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil. The macroscopic kidney refutation causes were nefritis, presence of cysts, congestion and presence of whitening and hemorrhagic areas. The kidney samples were placed in plastic containers identif

Leptospiras são bactérias espiroquetas móveis pertencentes ao gênero Leptospira que é composto por duas espécies: L. interrogans que é patogênica com mais de 200 sorotipos e L. biflexa que é sapróbica. A leptospirose tem ocorrência mundial, porém as regiões com climas tropical e subtropical favorecem a ocorrência da doença, sendo endêmica no Brasil. [...]

Ressecção de cisto e abscesso renais por laparoscopia em um cão / Resection of renal cyst and abscess by laparoscopy in a dog

Cistos renais podem formar-se em qualquer parte do néfron e dos ductos coletores. Alguns são hereditários, originando-se durante a organogênese, e outros se desenvolvem no tecido renal normal, depois que os rins estão completamente formados. No presente relato, descreve-se a ressecção de cisto e abscesso renais, por cirurgia laparoscópica em um cão. Para o acesso, foram utilizados três portais, dois de 10mm de diâmetro e um de 5mm, dispostos na parede abdominal lateral direita e, num segundo momento, na parede abdominal lateral esquerda. Conclui-se, portanto, que a técnica laparoscópica com três portais permite a realização de ressecção de cisto e abscesso renais em cães, sem a ocorrência de recidivas em curto prazo.(AU)

Renal cysts can be formed anywhere in the nephron and collecting duct system. Some are hereditary, originated during organogenesis, and others could have origin in the normal kidney tissue, after the kidney's development. This report describes the resection of renal cysts and abscesses by laparoscopic surgery in a dog. In order to access the cavity, three portals were used; two with 10mm and another with 5mm diameter, in the right lateral abdominal wall, and in another moment, in the left lateral abdominal wall. It is concluded that the laparoscopic technique with three portals allows the resection of renal cysts and abscesses in dogs, without the occurrence of relapses in the short postoperative time.(AU)

Investigação molecular de Leptospira spp em rins de bovinos / Molecular Research of Leptospira spp in Kidneys of Cattle

Background: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease caused by Leptospira spp. that affects wild and domestic animals and humans. It has a worldwide distribution and causes public health problems and economic losses in livestock. The genus Leptospira is divided basically into two species: the Leptospira interrogans that is pathogenic and Leptospira biflexa that is considered saprobic. Cattle are an important source of infection, mainly to humans who work with these animals such as breeders, cowboys, slaughtermen, veterinarians and agricultural technicians. The temperature and rainfall indices of tropical and subtropical climate regions encourage the continuing disease outbreaks. In humans the symptoms are headache, fever, myalgia, nausea and vomiting. The identification of the disease is possible with some tests such as ELISA, immunofluorescence, bacterial culture, and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The aim of this work was to perform the molecular research for the presence of Leptospira spp. in kidneys of cattle refuted at a slaughterhouse. Materials, Methods & Results: Two hundred fragments of cattle kidney were collected at slaughterhouse located at Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil. The macroscopic kidney refutation causes were nefritis, presence of cysts, congestion and presence of whitening and hemorrhagic areas. The kidney samples were placed in plastic containers identified and packed in an isothermal box until arrival at the laboratory, where they were kept at -20°C until the DNA extraction with phenol/chloroform/ isoamyl alcohol (25:24:1). The DNA was quantified by spectrophotometer at 260 nm wavelength. The integrity of DNA was evaluated with 1% agarose gel stained with ethidium bromide and visualized at an ultraviolet light transilluminator. DNA amplification was performed with primers G1- [forward] 5'-CTGAATCGCTGTATAAAAGT-3' and G2- [reverse] 5'-GGAAAACAAATGGTCGGAAG-3' for pathogenic and non-pathogenic Leptospira. Aliquots of 50 ng/µL of extracted DNA were used for PCR reaction. Out of 200 tissue samples, 16 (8%) were positive and the amplified fragments had molecular weight compatible with Leptospira spp. Discussion: The amplicons presented molecular weight compatible with pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains of Leptospira spp. wich may represent a health risk for the ones who may contact animals or consume uncoocked products. Leptospira molecular diagnose may allow the pathogen identification in asymptomatic animals from small DNA amounts. Primers G1 and G2 amplified bacterial 16S rRNA gene area, allowing the identification. The renal tissue alterations identified during inspection, may be associated with Leptospira spp. presence showing the fundamental importance of correct identification and discard of affected organs in order to reduce the bacterial transmission risk. Many articles have being showing the Leptospira cattle prevalence and human risks by contacting these animals. The results presented in this article emphasizes the importance of the cattle as possible transmitters of the pathogen for slaughterhouses workers and meat inspectors, veterinarians as well as rural workers and their families, being critical to conduct orientation and conscientization programs about the problem and ways to combat and control it.