Brown propolis bioactive compounds as a natural antimicrobial in alginate films applied to Piper nigrum L / Potencial dos compostos bioativos da própolis marrom como antimicrobiano natural em filmes de alginato aplicados naPiper nigrumL

ABSTRACT: An edible coating of sodium alginate incorporated with brown propolis (2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) was applied to black pepper grains to improve microbiological quality over 30 days. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry identified 29 metabolites in the extract, mainly terpene compounds (51.74%), phenolic compounds (25.83%), and flavonoids (14.48%). Brown propolis showed greater antibacterial activity for Gram-positive bacteria (MIC from 0.1 to 0.5 mg.mL-1) and lower activity for Escherichiacoli (MIC 18 mg.mL-1). A 5% increase in propolis in the coating reduced Bacilluscereus counts by 7-fold, 9.4% for Staphylococcusaureus, and 5.4% for mesophilic bacteria. The edible sodium alginate coating containing brown propolis was effective in reducing microbes on black pepper, with a concentration of 15% propolis assuring the microbiological quality of the spice after 20 days.

RESUMO: Revestimento comestível de alginato de sódio incorporado com própolis marrom (2,5%, 5%, 10% e 15%) foi aplicado em grãos de pimenta-do-reino para melhorar a qualidade microbiológica ao longo de 30 dias. Análise de cromatografia gasosa associada à espectrometria de massa identificou 29 metabólitos no extrato, principalmente compostos terpênicos (51,74%), compostos fenólicos (25,83%) e flavonóides (14,48%). A própolis marrom apresentou maior atividade antibacteriana para bactérias Gram-positivas (CIM de 0,1 a 0,5 mg.mL-1) e menor atividade para Escherichia coli (CIM 18 mg.mL-1). Um aumento em 5% no revestimento da própolis reduziu a contagem de Bacillus cereus em sete vezes, 9,4% para Staphylococcus aureus e 5,4% para bactérias mesófilas. O revestimento comestível de alginato de sódio e própolis marrom foi eficaz na redução microbiana da pimenta-do-reino, em que a concentração de 15% de própolis garantiu a qualidade microbiológica da especiaria até 20 dias.

Qualidade microbiológica de hambúrgueres comercializados no município do Rio de Janeiro / Microbiological quality of hamburgers commercialized in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro

O hambúrguer é um produto cárneo moldado, com maior risco de contaminação microbiana pelo fato de ser preparado com carne moída que apresenta maior superfície de exposição, além de ser muito manipulado e consumido, muitas vezes, mal-passado. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a qualidade microbiológica de hambúrgueres industriais comercializados no município do Rio de Janeiro/RJ, bem como, verificar as condições higiênicosanitárias dos locais de comercialização. Foram coletadas 12 amostras de hambúrguer, de oito marcas comerciais, comercializados em três diferentes supermercados. Durante a coleta das amostras foi realizada uma avaliação visual das condições higiênicas da comercialização. Após obtenção, as amostras foram encaminhadas para o Laboratório de Controle Microbiológico de Alimentos da Universidade Castelo Branco (UCB), para realização das análises microbiológicas. De acordo com os resultados das avaliações higiênicosanitárias dos locais onde as amostras de hambúrguer foram obtidas, observou-se 20%, 60% e 20% de não conformidades nos supermercados I, II e III, respectivamente, devido falhas na organização da gôndola, no acondicionamento do produto e/ou no controle da temperatura de comercialização. Resultados em não conformidade com o padrão microbiológico vigente foram observados em 16,67%, 66,67% e 8,33% das amostras para a contagem de Bactérias Heterotróficas Aeróbias Mesófilas, Estafilococos coagulase positiva e E. coli, respectivamente. A presença de Unidades Formadoras de Colônias típicas de Salmonella spp foi verificada em 41,67% das amostras. Os resultados demonstraram que os hambúrgueres comercializados em três supermercados do município do Rio de Janeiro/RJ estavam impróprios para o consumo podendo representar risco à saúde dos consumidores.(AU)

The hamburger is a molded meat product with a greater risk of microbial contamination because it is prepared with ground meat, which has a greater contact surface. In addition, it is very manipulated and often consumed medium rare. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of industrial hamburgers sold in Rio de Janeiro/RJ and verify the hygienic-sanitary conditions of the commercialization places. Twelve hamburger samples were collected, from eight commercial brands, and sold in three different supermarkets. During the collection of the samples, a visual evaluation of the hygienic conditions of the commercialization was carried out. After obtaining, the samples were sent to the Laboratory of Microbiological Control of Food at Universidade Castelo Branco (UCB), for microbiological analysis. According to the results of the hygienicsanitary evaluations of the places where the hamburger samples were obtained, 20%, 60%, and 20% of non-conformities were observed in supermarkets I, II, and III, respectively. The non-conformities were due to failures in the organization of the shelf, in the packaging of the product, and/or in the control of the commercialization temperature. Results that did not comply with the current microbiological standard were observed in 16.67%, 66.67%, and 8.33% of the samples for the counting of Mesophilic Aerobic Heterotrophic Bacteria, Coagulase Positive Staphylococci, and E. coli, respectively. The presence of typical Colony Forming Units of Salmonella spp was verified in 41.67% of the samples. The results showed that the hamburgers sold in three supermarkets in Rio de Janeiro/RJ were unfit for consumption and could pose a risk to consumers' health.(AU)

Diferentes análises de qualidade do hamburguer de pupunha sem glúten / Different quality analyses of gluten-free pupunha hamburger

No Brasil e no mundo é comum a oferta de produtos veganos com características complementares, seja para atender o público interessado em produtos naturais, sem aditivos e/ou orgânicos; ou por questões religiosas. A utilização da pupunha como base para a elaboração de hambúrgueres, com a substituição da farinha de trigo pela farinha de linhaça, mostrou um elevado potencial alimentício e socioeconômico de caráter regional. Diante isso, objetivou-se elaborar duas formulações de hambúrguer vegano de pupunha (f1 e f2) e realizar análises microbiológicas, físico-químicas e sensoriais, bem como avaliar o rendimento e o custo. As formulações apresentaram, nas análises físico-químicas, teores inferiores de proteínas (6,3 e 4,5% para f1 e f2, respectivamente) quando comparados com outros hambúrgueres de origem animal. Além disso, as formulações f1 e f2 apresentaram os seguintes teores, respectivamente: 58,6 e 58,5% para umidade, 13,4 e 11,5% para lipídios, 1,8 e 2,8% para cinzas, 18,6 e 21,8% para carboidratos e valor energético de 231,6 e 214,6 kcal. A análise sensorial demonstrou que a utilização de farinhas diferentes não interfere nas escolhas futuras dos consumidores. As formulações não apresentaram contaminação microbiológica, sendo ausente para salmonella (aus/25g), aeróbios mesófilos/g e escherichia coli/g, onde foram encontrados valores abaixo dos permitidos pela legislação. O estudo demonstrou um potencial produto alimentício para a indústria alimentícia, apresentando pouca perda de rendimento após cocção e oferecendo, também, uma opção mercadológica de baixo custo para três nichos: veganismo, doentes celíacos e produtos regionais.

In Brazil and in the world, it is common to offer vegan products with complementary characteristics, either to serve the public interested in natural products, without additives and/or organics, or for religious reasons. The use of peach palm as a basis for the elaboration of a hamburgers with the substitution of wheat flour for flaxseed flour showed a high food and socioeconomic potential with regional character. Thus, this study aimed to elaborate two formulations of pupunha vegan hamburger (f1 and f2) and perform microbiological, physical-chemical, and sensorial analyzes, as well as evaluate the yield and cost. The products showed, in the physical-chemical analyzes, lower protein contents (6.3 and 4.5% for f1 and f2, respectively) when compared to other hamburgers of animal origin. In addition, the formulations f1 and f2 presented the following levels, respectively: 58.6 and 58.5% for moisture, 13.4 and 11.5 for lipids 1.8 and 2.8 for ash,18.6 and 21.8% for carbohydrates, and energetic value of (231.6 and 214.6 Kcal. Sensory analysis showed that the use of different flours does not interfere with future consumer choices. The formulations showed no microbiological contamination, being absent of Salmonella (aus/25g), mesophilic Aerobes/g, and Escherichia coli/g, with values below those allowed by legislation. It demonstrated a potential food product for the food industry, presenting little loss of income after cooking, and also offering a low-cost marketing option for three niches: veganism, celiac patients, and regional products.

Microbiological featuring of two neotropical fish species from the quilombola area of maranhão state, Brazil / Caracterização microbiológica de duas espécies de peixes neotropicais oriundas de área quilombola maranhense, Brasil

The aim of study is to feature the microbiological quality of two neotropical fish species from the quilombola area of Maranhão State, Brazil. In order to do so, 21 samples of Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus and 21 samples of Cichlasoma bimaculatum were captured in flooded environment. Collected fish were euthanized in laboratory environment; muscle fragments were removed for microbiological analyses focused on enumerating molds and yeasts, viable strict and facultative mesophilic microorganisms and coagulase-positive staphylococci; on counting total and thermotolerant coliforms; and on investigating Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. Microbiological results were compared to the Brazilian legislation, which establishes the list of microbiological standards for food products. Among the assessed fish, 9.52% were classified as non-acceptable for human consumption, based on the Salmonella parameter. Enumerated coagulase-positive staphylococci ranged from < 10 to 3.9 x 104 CFU/g; 9.52% of assessed fish were classified as having intermediate standard for human consumption, whereas 4.76% were classified as non-acceptable for such a purpose. E. coli counting ranged from 3.6 to > 1,100MPN/g; 4.76% of assessed fish were classified as having intermediate standard for human consumption, whereas 4.76% were classified as non-acceptable for such a purpose. Total and thermotolerant coliforms' counting and the enumeration of viable strict and facultative aerobic microorganisms, as well as of molds and yeasts, have evidenced high microbial population rates; this finding suggests poor hygienic conditions at capture site, contaminated raw material and risk of incidence of enteropathogens. This finding has evidenced imbalance in the investigated environment, as well as compromised aquatic biodiversity.(AU)

Objetivou-se caracterizar a qualidade microbiológica de duas espécies de peixes neotropicais oriundas de área qui-lombola maranhense, Brasil. Para isso, foram capturadas 21 amostras de Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus e 21 amostras de Cichlasoma bimaculatum de ambiente alagável. No laboratório, os peixes foram eutanasiados, procedida a retirada dos fragmentos mus-culares e realizada as análises microbiológicas: enumeração de bolores e leveduras, micro-organismos mesófilos aeróbios estri-tos e facultativos viáveis e de estafilococos coagulase positiva, quantificação de coliformes totais e termotolerantes, pesquisa de Escherichia coli e Salmonella sp. Os resultados microbiológicos obtidos foram comparados com a legislação brasileira que estabelece a lista de padrões microbiológicos para alimentos. Dos peixes avaliados, 9,52% foram considerados inaceitáveis para consumo humano para o parâmetro Salmonella. A enumeração de estafilococos coagulase positivavariou de <10 a 3,9 x 104 UFC/g, sendo 9,52% dos peixes considerados com padrão intermediário e 4,76% inaceitáveis para consumo. A quanti-ficação de E. coli variou de 3,6 a >1.100 NMP/g, sendo 4,76% considerados com padrão intermediário e 4,76% inaceitáveis para consumo. A quantificação de coliformes totais e termotolerantes e a enumeração de micro-organismos aeróbios estritos e facultativos viáveis e bolores e leveduras revelou elevadas populações microbianas o que sugere más condições higiênicas do local de captura, matéria-prima contaminada e risco da presença de enteropatógenos, demonstrando desequilíbrio no ambiente estudado com comprometimento da biodiversidade aquática.(AU)

Autolyzed Saccharomyces cerevisae reduce microbiological carcass contamination in feedlot steers / Suplementação com Saccharomyces cerevisaeautolisada reduz contaminação microbiológica da carcaça de novilhos terminados em confinamento

The present work aims to verify whether the autolyzed Saccharomyces cerevisiae reduces total coliforms, Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. from the hide, feces and carcass of feedlot-finished steers. Eighteen half-Angus steers were subjected to three treatments daily for 105 days: control (n=6), Lev 4 g (diet with 4 g yeast animal day-1, n=6) or Lev 7 g (diet with 7 g yeast animal day-1, n=6). On Days 29 and 90 after entrance into the feedlot, fecal samples, skin swabs, water and food were collected to identify and count E. coli and total coliforms and identify Salmonella spp. On the day of slaughter, carcasses were collected to identify and quantify E. coli, total coliforms, and mesophiles. There were reductions in E. coli and total coliforms in fecal samples (P=0.0001 and 0.001, respectively) and mesophilic aerobics in carcasses (P= 0.05) in the treated groups, and no Salmonella spp. was observed in any of the samples collected. It was concluded that supplementation reduced fecal excretion of and, consequently, carcass contamination by E. coli, mesophiles and total coliforms in confined animals and that this technique is a beneficial and residue-free sanitary measure to improve the microbiological quality of meat.

Este trabalho objetivou verificar se o prebiótico a base de parede celular de Saccharomyces cerevisiae reduz coliformes totais, Escherichia coli e Salmonella spp da pele, fezes e da carcaça de bovinos terminados em confinamento. Para tanto, 18 novilhos, ½ sangue Angus foram submetidos a três tratamentos diários durante 105 dias: controle (n=6), Lev 4g (dieta com 4 g de levedura por animal dia-1, n=6) ou Lev 7g ( dieta com 7 g de levedura por animal dia-1, n=6). Nos dias 29 e 90 após a entrada no confinamento, coletou-se amostras de fezes, swab de pele, água e alimento para contagem de Escherichia coli e coliformes totais e isolamento de Salmonella spp. No dia do abate, realizou-se coleta nas carcaças para identificação de Salmonella spp e quantificação de Escherichia coli, coliformes totais, mesófilos. Notou-se redução de Escherichia coli e coliformes totais nas amostras de fezes (P=0,0001 e 0,001 respectivamente) e de Escherichia coli, coliformes totais e aeróbios mesófilos na carcaça (P=0,06; 0,10 e 0,05 respectivamente) nos grupos tratados. Houve ausência de Salmonella spp. em todas as coletas realizadas. Concluiu-se que a suplementação reduziu a excreção fecal e consequentemente, a contaminação da carcaça pela Escherichia coli, mesófilos e coliformes totais dos animais confinados, sendo uma medida sanitária benéfica e livre de resíduos para melhorar a qualidade microbiológica da carne.

Brown propolis bioactive compounds as a natural antimicrobial in alginate films applied to Piper nigrum L / Potencial dos compostos bioativos da própolis marrom como antimicrobiano natural em filmes de alginato aplicados na Piper nigrum L

An edible coating of sodium alginate incorporated with brown propolis (2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) was applied to black pepper grains to improve microbiological quality over 30 days. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry identified 29 metabolites in the extract, mainly terpene compounds (51.74%), phenolic compounds (25.83%), and flavonoids (14.48%). Brown propolis showed greater antibacterial activity for Gram-positive bacteria (MIC from 0.1 to 0.5 mg.mL-1) and lower activity for Escherichiacoli (MIC 18 mg.mL-1). A 5% increase in propolis in the coating reduced Bacilluscereus counts by 7-fold, 9.4% for Staphylococcusaureus, and 5.4% for mesophilic bacteria. The edible sodium alginate coating containing brown propolis was effective in reducing microbes on black pepper, with a concentration of 15% propolis assuring the microbiological quality of the spice after 20 days.

Revestimento comestível de alginato de sódio incorporado com própolis marrom (2,5%, 5%, 10% e 15%) foi aplicado em grãos de pimenta-do-reino para melhorar a qualidade microbiológica ao longo de 30 dias. Análise de cromatografia gasosa associada à espectrometria de massa identificou 29 metabólitos no extrato, principalmente compostos terpênicos (51,74%), compostos fenólicos (25,83%) e flavonóides (14,48%). A própolis marrom apresentou maior atividade antibacteriana para bactérias Gram-positivas (CIM de 0,1 a 0,5 mg.mL-1) e menor atividade para Escherichia coli (CIM 18 mg.mL-1). Um aumento em 5% no revestimento da própolis reduziu a contagem de Bacillus cereus em sete vezes, 9,4% para Staphylococcus aureus e 5,4% para bactérias mesófilas. O revestimento comestível de alginato de sódio e própolis marrom foi eficaz na redução microbiana da pimenta-do-reino, em que a concentração de 15% de própolis garantiu a qualidade microbiológica da especiaria até 20 dias.

Maintenance of quality of eggs submitted to treatment with propolis extract and sanitizers / Maintenance of quality of eggs submitted to treatment with propolis extract and sanitizers

This study aimed to evaluate the internal and microbiological quality of eggs submitted to different types of shell treatments. One hundred and forty-four fresh red eggs were distributed in a scheme of 4 treatments (no washing; washing and immersion in chlorine; washing and immersion in peracetic acid; and washing and spraying of propolis extract) x 5 storage periods (7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days), stored at 25°C, in each period 6 eggs per treatment were analyzed. The parameters to assess were: weight loss; shell weight; yolk weight; albumen weight, yolk diameter; yolk height; albumen height and Haugh unit (HU). The microbiological quality of eggs was evaluated at 35 days through analysis for aerobic mesophilic bacteria, thermotolerant coliforms, Staphylococcus spp., Salmonella spp. and molds and yeasts. The treatment with propolis extract was the only effective one to maintain the high HU quality of the eggs until 21 days of storage at 25°C and was effective against microbiological contamination of all bacterial groups. The results presented showed greater effectiveness of the propolis extract for maintenance of internal and microbiological quality of eggs, it can be an alternative product to chemical sanitizers.

This study aimed to evaluate the internal and microbiological quality of eggs submitted to different types of shell treatments. One hundred and forty-four fresh red eggs were distributed in a scheme of 4 treatments (no washing; washing and immersion in chlorine; washing and immersion in peracetic acid; and washing and spraying of propolis extract) x 5 storage periods (7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days), stored at 25°C, in each period 6 eggs per treatment were analyzed. The parameters to assess were: weight loss; shell weight; yolk weight; albumen weight, yolk diameter; yolk height; albumen height and Haugh unit (HU). The microbiological quality of eggs was evaluated at 35 days through analysis for aerobic mesophilic bacteria, thermotolerant coliforms, Staphylococcus spp., Salmonella spp. and molds and yeasts. The treatment with propolis extract was the only effective one to maintain the high HU quality of the eggs until 21 days of storage at 25°C and was effective against microbiological contamination of all bacterial groups. The results presented showed greater effectiveness of the propolis extract for maintenance of internal and microbiological quality of eggs, it can be an alternative product to chemical sanitizers.

Dietary supplementation of Agaricus bisporus stalk meal on growth performance, carcass and organ traits, meat quality, cecum mesophilic aerobic bacteria counts and intestinal histology in broiler chickens / Efeitos da suplementação dietética de farelo de caule de Agaricus bisporus no desempenho de crescimento, características de carcaça e órgãos, qualidade da carne, contagem de bactérias aeróbias mesófilas cecais e histologia intestinal em frangos de corte

Effects of dietary Agaricus bisporus mixture or stalk or cap on growth performance, carcass components and some meat quality parameters, mesophilic aerobic bacterial counts, and intestinal histomorphology in broiler chickens were investigated. Two hundred and forty one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chickens were divided into 4 experimental groups with 4 replicates, each including 15 birds. Chickens were fed with basal diet (C), mushroom mixture (MM, 10 g stalk+10 g cap/kg diet), mushroom stalk (MS, 20 g/kg diet) and mushroom cap (MC, 20 g/kg diet). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was improved (P < 0.01) by dietary MS while feed intake (FI) decreased (P < 0.01) in all treatment groups compared to control. However, body weight gain (BWG) was decreased (P < 0.01) by MC inclusion. Mushroom supplemented groups had higher (P < 0.05) mesophilic aerobic bacteria in the cecum. MS inclusion increased villus height to crypt depth ratio in the jejunum (P < 0.01) and villus height in the ileum (P < 0.01) and jejunum (P < 0.05). MC increased (P < 0.01) crypt depth in the jejunum. There were no statistical differences among groups for carcass components (P > 0.05). The L* values were decreased (P < 0.01) in thigh meat but increased (P < 0.01) in breast meat by mushroom inclusion. The a* values were decreased (P < 0.01) and b* values were increased (P < 0.05) in both thigh and breast meat with mushroom addition to diet. The obtained results indicated that A. bisporus stalk meal at an inclusion level of 20 g/kg of diet had favourable effects on growth performance with higher feed efficiency, improved intestinal morphology with higher villus height and increased meat quality of broiler chickens.

Foram investigados os efeitos da mistura dietética de Agaricus bisporus ou talo ou tampa sobre o desempenho de crescimento, componentes da carcaça e alguns parâmetros de qualidade da carne, contagens de bactérias aeróbias mesofílicas e histomorfologia intestinal em frangos de corte. Duzentos e quarenta frangos de corte Ross 308 de um dia de idade foram divididos em quatro grupos experimentais com quatro repetições, cada um incluindo 15 aves. Galinhas alimentadas com dieta basal (C), mistura de cogumelos (MM, 10 g caule + 10 g cap / kg de dieta), caule de cogumelo (MS, 20 g / kg dieta) e cogumelo (MC, 20 g / kg dieta). A taxa de conversão alimentar (FCR) foi melhorada (P < 0.01) por MS dietético enquanto o consumo de ração (FI) diminuiu (P < 0.01) em todos os grupos de tratamento em comparação com o controle. No entanto, o ganho de peso corporal (BWG) foi diminuído (P < 0.01) pela inclusão de MC. Os grupos suplementados com cogumelos apresentaram maiores (P < 0.05) bactérias aeróbias mesofílicas no ceco. A inclusão de MS aumentou a proporção entre a largura das vilosidades e a profundidade da cripta no jejuno (P < 0.01) e o comprimento das vilosidades no íleo (P < 0.01) e jejuno (P < 0.05). MC aumentou (P < 0.01) a profundidade de cripta no jejuno. Não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos nos componentes da carcaça (P > 0.05). Os valores L * diminuíram (P < 0.01) na carne da coxa, mas aumentaram (P < 0.01) na carne de peito com a inclusão de cogumelos. Os valores de a* diminuíram (P < 0.01) e os valores de b* aumentaram (P < 0.05) em ambas as coxas e peitos pela adição de cogumelos à dieta. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que a farinha de colmo de A. bisporus com um nível de inclusão de 20 g / kg de dieta teve efeitos favoráveis no desempenho do crescimento com maior eficiência alimentar, melhorou a morfologia intestinal com maior comprimento de vilosidade e aumentou a qualidade da carne de frangos de corte.

Pathogenic bacteria load and safety of retail marine fish / Carga de bactérias patogênicas e segurança de peixes marinhos de varejo

This study was conducted to determine the pathogenic bacteria load of 14 species of marine fish obtained from two suppliers (in Bitlis city, Turkey), which provide fish for fish markets, and to reveal the safety of the marine fish in terms of microbiological quality. The counts of total mesophilic aerobic bacteria (TMAB), Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli, the presence of Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes were determined in anchovy, horse mackerel, salmon, red mullet, gilthead seabream, bonito, pilchard, common sole, sand smelt, axillary seabream, seabass, Mediterranean horse mackerel, bluefish, and garpike. It was determined that common sole, axillary seabream, seabass, bluefish and Mediterranean horse mackerel obtained from both suppliers were unacceptable in terms of the counts of TMAB. Twenty-four samples exceeded the critical limit of S. aureus and all the samples were unacceptable according to the critical limit of E. coli. While L. monocytogenes was isolated from 50.0% of the samples, Salmonella spp. was isolated from 39.3% of the samples. These results showed that the pathogenic bacteria load of the analyzed marine fish was quite high and they were unsafe in terms of microbiological quality.

Este estudo foi realizado para determinar a carga de bactérias patogênicas de 14 espécies de peixes marinhos obtidos de dois fornecedores (na cidade de Bitlis, Turquia), que fornecem peixes para mercados de peixes, e para revelar a segurança do peixe marinho em termos de qualidade microbiológica. As contagens de bactérias aeróbias mesófilas totais (TMAB), Staphylococcus aureus e Escherichia coli, a presença de Salmonella spp. e Listeria monocytogenes foram determinados em anchova, carapau, salmão, salmonete, dourada, bonito, sardinha, linguado, cheirado, dourada-axilar, robalo, carapau-do-mediterrâneo, anchova e garpike. Foi determinado que o linguado, o dourada-axilar, o robalo, a anchova e o carapau-do-mediterrâneo obtidos de ambos os fornecedores eram inaceitáveis nas contagens do TMAB. Vinte e quatro amostras excederam o limite crítico de S. aureus, e todas as amostras foram inaceitáveis de acordo com o limite crítico de E. coli. Enquanto L. monocytogenes foi isolada em 50.0% das amostras, Salmonella spp. foi isolado de 39.3% das amostras. Esses resultados mostraram que a carga de bactérias patogênicas dos peixes marinhos analisados era bastante alta e eles eram inseguros em termos de qualidade microbiológica.

Maintenance of quality of eggs submitted to treatment with propolis extract and sanitizers

This study aimed to evaluate the internal and microbiological quality of eggs submitted to different types of shell treatments. One hundred and forty-four fresh red eggs were distributed in a scheme of 4 treatments (no washing; washing and immersion in chlorine; washing and immersion in peracetic acid; and washing and spraying of propolis extract) x 5 storage periods (7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days), stored at 25°C, in each period 6 eggs per treatment were analyzed. The parameters to assess were: weight loss; shell weight; yolk weight; albumen weight, yolk diameter; yolk height; albumen height and Haugh unit (HU). The microbiological quality of eggs was evaluated at 35 days through analysis for aerobic mesophilic bacteria, thermotolerant coliforms, Staphylococcus spp., Salmonella spp. and molds and yeasts. The treatment with propolis extract was the only effective one to maintain the high HU quality of the eggs until 21 days of storage at 25°C and was effective against microbiological contamination of all bacterial groups. The results presented showed greater effectiveness of the propolis extract for maintenance of internal and microbiological quality of eggs, it can be an alternative product to chemical sanitizers.(AU)

Análise microbiológica e físico-química do gelo utilizado na conservação de pescado em supermercados de Rio Branco - AC / Microbiological and physicochemical analysis of ice used in fish conservation in supermarkets in Rio Branco - AC

O gelo é fundamental para a conservação adequada do pescado, pois retarda o crescimento microbiano, preservando a qualidade físico-química, microbiológicas e características organolépticas. No entanto, o gelo pode ser fonte de risco para a saúde dos consumidores quando produzido sob más condições sanitárias. Pontos críticos devem ser controlados durante a etapa de produção e armazenagem do gelo, como, uso de água potável e condições higiênicas-sanitárias. A presença de altas populações de microrganismos heterotróficos e coliformes e a má qualidade físico-química do gelo utilizado para conservação de pescado pode representar um risco potencial ao consumidor, podendo ser veiculador de doenças como Salmonelose, infecção por Escherichia coli e intoxicação por Staphylococcus aureus, além de reduzir a vida útil de prateleira do produto. Neste contexto, a realização deste estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade microbiológica e físico-química do gelo utilizado na conservação de pescados comercializados em Rio Branco - AC. Foram analisadas 15 amostras de gelo coletadas em três diferentes supermercados. Foi preconizado a coleta de gelo fabricado com maquinário próprio e que fossem utilizados na comercialização do pescado fresco, que seriam expostos e resfriados em bancas de gelo no local. Foram colhidas 300g de gelo manualmente com uso de luvas e acondicionadas em frascos de vidros esterilizados, em caixa isotérmica. A qualidade microbiológica destas amostras foi analisada pela contagem de microrganismos heterotróficos mesófilos e psicrotróficos. Além disso, foi realizada a determinação do número mais provável de coliformes totais á 30°C, termotolerantes e a quantificação do pH e cloro residual livre das amostras. Com relação a determinação de microrganismos mesófilos, foram registrados valores entre 1,0x10¹ e 9,15x103 UFC/mL com amostras fora do padrão estabelecido pela Portaria MG/MS n°888/2021. A quantidade de psicrotróficos variou entre 1,0x10¹ e 89,8x10³ UFC/mL. Foi registrada a presença de coliformes totais á 30°C em 6 amostra e de termotolerantes em 4 amostras. Portanto, foi registrado variação nos padrões de qualidade dos gelos fabricados nos supermercados para conservação do pescado, constituindo risco potencial para a saúde dos consumidores.

The ice is essential for the proper conservation of fish, as it delays microbial growth, preserving the physical-chemical, microbiological and organoleptic characteristics. However, ice can be a source of health risk for consumers when produced under poor sanitary conditions. Critical points must be controlled during the ice production and storage stage, such as the of potable water and hygienic-sanitary conditions. The presence of high populations of heterotrophic and coliform microorganisms and the poor physicochemical quality of the ice used for fish conservation can represent a potential risk to the consumer, which can be a carrier of diseases such as Salmonellosis, Escherichia coli infection and Staphylococcus aureus poisoning, in addition to reducing the shelf life of the product. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the microbiological and physical-chemical quality of the ice used in the conservation of fish marketed in Rio Branco - AC. 15 ice samples collected in three different supermarkets were analyzed. It was recommended the collection of ice manufactured with its own machinery and that it be used in the commercialization of fresh fish, which would be exposed and cooled in ice stalls on site 300g ice manually with the use of gloves and packed in sterilized glass bottles, in an isothermal box. The microbiological quality of these samples was analyzed by counting mesophilic and psychrotrophic heterotrophic microorganisms. In addition, the determination of the most probable number of total coliforms at 30°C, thermotolerant and the quantification of pH and free residual chlorine of the samples were performed. Regarding the determination of mesophilic microorganisms, values between 1,00x10¹ and 9,15x10³ UFC/mL were recorded with samples (60%) out of the standard established by Ordinance MG/MS No. 888/2021. The amount of psychrotrophs varied between 1,00x10¹ and 8,98x103 CFU/mL. The presence of total coliforms at 30°C was recorded in 6 samples and of thermotolerants in 4 samples. Therefore, there was a variation in the quality standards of ices manufactured in supermarkets for fish conservation, constituting a potential risk to the health of consumers.

Effect of bactofugation of raw milk on total bacterial and aerobic spore counts and on microbial diversity of sporeformers / Efeito da bactofugação do leite cru nas contagens bacteriana total, esporos aeróbios e na diversidade microbiana de formadores de esporos

This study describes the effect of bactofugation (10,000 × g in a continuous flow of 10,000 L/h) of three batches of raw milk on total bacterial count (TBC) and aerobic spore count, and it also shows the effect on the microbial diversity of spore-forming bacteria by analysing their genetic variability through molecular approaches. Given that milk must be preheated to approximately 55 °C before being bactofuged, for comparison, the three batches were evaluated at different stages as refrigerated raw, preheated, and bactofuged milk. For preheated milk, it was found that bactofugation caused a significant reduction (p < 0.05) of 99.52% (from 4.5 × 106 to 2.1 × 104 CFU/mL) in the mean TBC and of 95% (from 333 to 17 CFU/mL) in the aerobic mesophilic spore count. Due to the effect of bactofugation on preheated milk, a reduction of 82% was observed in both TBC and aerobic spore count. With respect to diversity, 107 isolates from raw milk, prior to bactofugation, and 16 isolates from bactofuged milk were recovered and grouped into 40 and 8 clusters, respectively. The predominant species detected in raw and preheated milk were Bacillus toyonensis (63% - 20 clusters) and Lysinibacillus fusiformis (15% - 8 clusters). Proportionally, B. toyonensis (69% - 6 clusters) and L. fusiformis (25% - 1 cluster) were predominant in bactofuged milk. B. pumilus, L. varians, B. flexus, B. invictae, and B. megaterium, bacteria with a known milk spoilage potential, were isolated from milk prior to bactofugation, and they reduced to undetectable levels in bactofuged milk. Bactofugation of milk, therefore, reduces the TBC and aerobic spore count, with a significant effect in reducing the microbial diversity of spore-forming bacteria, proportional to their incidence in raw milk. Therefore, bactofugation can be an alternative to increase the shelf life and technological potential of milk.(AU)

Esse estudo descreve o efeito da bactofugação (10,000 × g em fluxo contínuo de 10,000 L/h) de três lotes de leite cru nas contagens bacterianas totais (CBT) e de esporos aeróbios, verificando também o efeito sobre a diversidade microbiana dos formadores de esporos por abordagem molecular de variabilidade genética. Como o leite a ser bactofugado deve ser pré-aquecido (≈55ºC), os três lotes foram avaliados enquanto cru refrigerado, pré-aquecido e bactofugado. Em associação com o pré-aquecimento, foi verificado que a bactofugação promoveu a redução significativa (p < 0.05) de 99,52% (4,5 x 106 para 2,1 x 104 UFC/mL) na contagem bacteriana total e 95% (333 para 17 UFC/mL) dos esporos aeróbios mesófilos. Considerando o efeito isolado da bactofugação sobre o leite já pré-aquecido, foi observada a redução de 82% tanto para CBT quanto para formadores de esporos. Em relação à diversidade, foram recuperados 107 isolados do leite anterior à bactofugação e 16 isolados do leite bactofugado, agrupados em 40 e 8 clusters, respectivamente. Foi observado predomínio das espécies Bacillus toyonensis (63% - 20 clusters) e Lysinibacillus fusiformis (15% - 8 clusters) no leite cru e pré-aquecido e, proporcionalmente, B. toyonensis (69% - 6 clusters) e L. fusiformis (25% - 1 cluster) no leite bactofugado. Bacillus pumilus, Lysinibacillus varians, B. flexus, B. invictae, e B. megaterium, isolados do leite antes da bactofugação e com potencial deteriorante conhecido, foram reduzidos a níveis indetectáveis no leite bactofugado. A bactofugação do leite, portanto, reduz a CBT e as contagens de esporos aeróbios, também com efeito significativo na redução da diversidade de formadores de esporos, proporcionalmente, conforme a sua incidência no leite cru, tendo potencial para ser utilizado como alternativa para aumento da vida útil e potencial tecnológico do leite.(AU)

Origanum vulgare extract as a natural additive in fresh cheese / Extrato de Origanum vulgare como aditivo natural em queijo fresco

Oregano (Origanum vulgare) is a spice that has in its extracts and essential oils biological activities of interest, such as antimicrobial and antioxidant. These qualities are in line with the increased interest in natural alternatives for preserving foods such as fresh cheese due to its short shelf life. The objective of this research was to evaluate the acceptance, antibacterial and antioxidant activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of O. vulgare incorporated in fresh cheese during cold storage. For this, cheeses were produced with different concentrations of extract (0, 0.5, 1 and 3 g of extract/kg). Acceptance was assessed using a nine-point hedonic scale. The presence of Salmonella was investigated and the enumeration of coagulasepositive staphylococci, mesophilic, psychrotrophic and thermotolerant coliforms was performed in the samples. The antioxidant activity was evaluated in vitro (DPPH and FRAP assays) and directly in the food (measuring the malondialdehyde content). The data revealed a good acceptance of all cheeses regardless of the oregano concentration (mean 7.0 to 7.7). The addition of 0.3 g of oregano extract/kg of cheese promoted the inhibition of thermotolerant coliforms during the storage period. Antioxidant activity was demonstrated in vitro but not verified in the cheese. Foods have a complex composition, and the concentration and proportion of different constituents may have influenced the biological actions of the extract. Thus, further research becomes necessary, with variation in storage time and concentrations to know the action of this extract directly in the food model.(AU)

O orégano (Origanum vulgare) é uma especiaria que possui em seus extratos e óleos essenciais atividades biológicas de interesse como a antimicrobiana e antioxidante. Essas qualidades estão alinhadas com o aumento do interesse por alternativas naturais para a conservação de alimentos, como o queijo fresco, devido ao seu curto prazo de validade. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a aceitação, atividade antibacteriana e antioxidante do extrato hidroalcoólico de O. vulgare incorporado em queijo fresco durante o armazenamento refrigerado. Para isso, foram produzidos queijos com diferentes concentrações de extrato (0, 0,5, 1 e 3 g de extrato/kg). A aceitação foi avaliada por meio de uma escala hedônica de nove pontos. A presença de Salmonella foi investigada e a contagem de estafilococos coagulase-positivos, coliformes termotolerantes, mesófilos e psicrotróficos foi realizada nas amostras. A atividade antioxidante foi avaliada in vitro (ensaios DPPH e FRAP) e diretamente no alimento (mensuração do teor de malondialdeído). Os dados revelaram uma boa aceitação de todos os queijos independentemente da concentração de orégano (média 7,0 a 7,7). A adição de 0,3 g de extrato de orégano/kg de queijo promoveu a inibição de coliformes termotolerantes durante o período de armazenamento. A atividade antioxidante foi demonstrada in vitro mas, não verificada no queijo. Os alimentos possuem composição complexa, e a concentração e proporção de diferentes constituintes podem ter influenciado as ações biológicas do extrato. Assim, mais pesquisas se fazem necessárias, com variação no tempo de armazenamento e concentrações para conhecer a ação desse extrato diretamente no modelo alimentar.(AU)

Effect of Citrus Flavonoid on Storage Time and Meat Quality of Pharaoh Quail (Coturnix Pharaoh)

This study investigates the effects of Hesperidin added to quail ration at different rates on some microbiological and physicochemical, lipid peroxidation, and lipid profiles in thigh meat. The current study had a duration of 35 days and used Pharaoh quails (Coturnix Pharaoh). The grouping was done in three treatment groups: Control, HES500, and HES1000 (each group was divided into five subgroups), and 0, 500, and 1000 mg/kg of Hesperidin was added to the basal diet of the groups, respectively. Adding Hesperidin and storage time affected the pH parameter in meat. It affected colour parameters depending upon the added Hesperidin (p<0.05). There was a significant difference in the number of total mesophilic aerobic bacteria (TMAB) in comparison with the control group according to the storage time (p<0.05). Palmitic, α-linolenic, oleic acid, eicosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acids, which are among the individual fatty acids, differed between the control, HES500 and HES1000 groups (p<0.05). Hesperidin addition reduced lipid peroxidation on the 3rd, 5th, and 7th days of storage (p<0.05). Consequently, in direct proportion to the hypothesis at the beginning of the study, it was specified that adding Hesperidin reduced its concentration on lipid oxidation and had a positive effect on meat quality in terms of colour parameters.(AU)

Análise dos perigos microbiológicos em amostras de caldo de cana / Analysis of microbiological hazards in samples of sugarcane juice

O caldo de cana é uma bebida nutritiva, muito comercializada por vendedores formais e ambulantes que, muitas vezes, não possuem condições adequadas de preparo, armazenamento e manipulação do caldo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a contaminação microbiológica do caldo de cana comercializado por vendedores formais e ambulantes na cidade de Uberlândia/MG. Foram analisadas dez amostras do produto para contagem total de bactérias mesófilas, NMP/mL de coliformes totais e termotolerantes, pesquisa de Escherichia coli (e outras bactérias entéricas), incluindo Salmonella spp. Coliformes totais foram recuperados em todas as amostras e os termotolerantes em 70% delas, apresentando valores acima do padrão estabelecido pela legislação vigente. Não foram encontradas E. coli ou Salmonella spp., porém outras bactérias entéricas foram recuperadas em todas as amostras, sendo a mais prevalente Klebsiella pneumoniae. Os resultados mostram a necessidade de melhorias durante todos os processos realizados para obtenção do caldo de cana, a fim de minimizar a contaminação e presença de bactérias patogênicas.(AU)

Sugarcane juice is a nourishing drink marketed by formal and street vendors, who often lack adequate brewing preparation, storage, and handling conditions. This work aimed to evaluate the microbiological contamination of cane juice marketed by formal and ambulant vendors in Uberlandia/MG. Ten product samples have been analyzed for a total count of mesophilic bacteria, NMP/mL of total and thermotolerant coliforms, Escherichia coli (and other enteric bacteria) and Salmonella spp. Total coliforms were recovered in all samples and thermotolerant in 70% of the total, presenting values above the standard established by the current legislation. Not found Escherichia coli or Salmonella spp., but other enteric bacteria have been recovered in all samples, the most prevalent being Klebsiella pneumoniae. The results show the need for improvements during all processes performed to obtain the sugarcane juice to minimize the contamination and the presence of pathogenic bacteria.(AU)

Maintenance of quality of eggs submitted to treatment with propolis extract and sanitizers

This study aimed to evaluate the internal and microbiological quality of eggs submitted to different types of shell treatments. One hundred and forty-four fresh red eggs were distributed in a scheme of 4 treatments (no washing; washing and immersion in chlorine; washing and immersion in peracetic acid; and washing and spraying of propolis extract) x 5 storage periods (7, 14, 21, 28,and 35 days), stored at 25°C, in each period 6 eggs per treatment were analyzed. The parameters to assess were: weight loss; shell weight; yolk weight; albumen weight, yolk diameter; yolk height; albumen height and Haugh unit (HU). The microbiological quality of eggs was evaluated at 35 days through analysis for aerobic mesophilic bacteria, thermotolerant coliforms, Staphylococcusspp., Salmonellaspp. and molds and yeasts. The treatment with propolis extract was the only effective one to maintain the high HU quality of the eggs until 21 days of storage at 25°C and was effective against microbiological contamination of all bacterial groups. The results presented showed greater effectiveness of the propolis extract for maintenance of internal and microbiological quality of eggs, it can be an alternativeproduct to chemical sanitizers.(AU)

Análise microbiológica de fatiadores de frios como ferramenta para capacitação em boas práticas de higiene de equipamentos para manipuladores de alimentos / Microbiological analysis of deli slicer as a tool for training good hygiene practices in equipments for food handlers

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a condição microbiológica de fatiadores de frios a fim de subsidiar ações educativas em boas práticas de higiene de equipamentos para manipuladores de alimentos. O estudo ocorreu nos setores de panificação de dois supermercados de Piraquara, Paraná, por meio da quantificação microbiológica de microrganismos aeróbios mesófilos (Contagem Padrão em Placas - CPP), coliformes totais e pesquisa de Listeria monocytogenes. Foram realizadas três coletas com intervalos de quinze dias e, antes da última, foi realizada uma ação educativa baseando-se na metodologia da problematização sobre higienização de equipamentos. Apesar de observada redução bacteriana, constatada por meio da CPP, os resultados mantiveram-seacima dos limites preconizados. Não houve detecção de coliformes totais e na pesquisa de Listeria monocytogenes. As análises microbiológicas foram importantes para a avaliação da higienização dos fatiadores, subsidiando práticas educativas eficazes na consolidação de aprendizado.

The objective of this study was to evaluate microbiological of slicers to support educative activities to food handlers on good hygienic practices for equipment. The study occurred in the bakery of two supermarkets in Piraquara, Paraná, through the microbiological couting of aerobic mesophilic microorganisms (Standard Plate Count - SPC), total coliforms and Listeria monocytogenes research. Three collections were made with a 15-day interval and, before the last one, a educative activity was made based in problematization methodology about equipment hygienization. Despite the reduction in bacterial counting, verified by the CPP, the results remained above the recommended limits. There was no detection of total coliforms and in the investigation of Listeria monocytogenes. The microbiological analyses were important for the evaluation of the hygiene of the slicers, supporting effective educational practices in the learning consolidation.

Análise microbiológica de fatiadores de frios como ferramenta para capacitação em boas práticas de higiene de equipamentos para manipuladores de alimentos / Microbiological analysis of deli slicer as a tool for training good hygiene practices in equipments for food handlers

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a condição microbiológica de fatiadores de frios a fim de subsidiar ações educativas em boas práticas de higiene de equipamentos para manipuladores de alimentos. O estudo ocorreu nos setores de panificação de dois supermercados de Piraquara, Paraná, por meio da quantificação microbiológica de microrganismos aeróbios mesófilos (Contagem Padrão em Placas - CPP), coliformes totais e pesquisa de Listeria monocytogenes. Foram realizadas três coletas com intervalos de quinze dias e, antes da última, foi realizada uma ação educativa baseando-se na metodologia da problematização sobre higienização de equipamentos. Apesar de observada redução bacteriana, constatada por meio da CPP, os resultados mantiveram-seacima dos limites preconizados. Não houve detecção de coliformes totais e na pesquisa de Listeria monocytogenes. As análises microbiológicas foram importantes para a avaliação da higienização dos fatiadores, subsidiando práticas educativas eficazes na consolidação de aprendizado.(AU)

The objective of this study was to evaluate microbiological of slicers to support educative activities to food handlers on good hygienic practices for equipment. The study occurred in the bakery of two supermarkets in Piraquara, Paraná, through the microbiological couting of aerobic mesophilic microorganisms (Standard Plate Count - SPC), total coliforms and Listeria monocytogenes research. Three collections were made with a 15-day interval and, before the last one, a educative activity was made based in problematization methodology about equipment hygienization. Despite the reduction in bacterial counting, verified by the CPP, the results remained above the recommended limits. There was no detection of total coliforms and in the investigation of Listeria monocytogenes. The microbiological analyses were important for the evaluation of the hygiene of the slicers, supporting effective educational practices in the learning consolidation.(AU)

Identification of Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and indicator microorganisms in commercialized raw meats and fresh sausages from Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil / Identificação de Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes e micro-organismos indicadores em carnes cruas e embutidos frescais comercializados na cidade de Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

This study evaluated the sanitary hygienic quality and the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in raw meats and fresh sausages marketed in the city of Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil. We analyzed 238 samples of fresh sausages, beef, pork, and chicken from 18 commercial establishments (butchers, supermarkets, and groceries). Samples were subjected to enumerate hygiene indicator microorganisms (mesophilic aerobes and enterobacteria) and detection of Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes. The mean counts of mesophilic aerobes and enterobacteria were 5.09 and 3.54 log CFU/g, respectively. Beef samples presented the highest frequency of Salmonella spp. (7.93%) and fresh sausages present the highest frequency of L. monocytogenes (19.04%). Among the analyzed samples, 43.70% did not comply with the microbiological parameters established by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. The presence of Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes in different samples and commercial establishments demonstrate the failures of good manufacturing practices in industrial environmental and retails points and the need to train food handlers to reduce the exposure of consumers to potential risks.(AU)

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade higiênica sanitária e a presença de microrganismos patogênicos em carnes in natura e linguiças frescais comercializadas na cidade de Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brasil. Foram analisadas 238 amostras de linguiças, carne bovina, suína e de frango de 18 estabelecimentos comerciais (açougues, supermercados e mercearias). As amostras foram submetidas à enumeração de microrganismos indicadores de higiene (aeróbios mesófilos e enterobactérias) e detecção de Salmonella spp. e Listeria monocytogenes. As contagens médias de aeróbios mesófilos e enterobactérias foram 5,09 e 3,54 log UFC/g, respectivamente. Salmonella spp. esteve presente mais frequentemente em amostras de carne bovina (4,91 %), enquanto L. monocytogenes foi mais frequente em linguiças frescais (19,04 %). Das amostras analisadas, 43,70 % não atenderam aos parâmetros microbiológicos estabelecidos pelo Ministério da Saúde. A presença de Salmonella spp. e L. monocytogenes em diferentes amostras e estabelecimentos comerciais demonstra falhas de boas práticas de fabricação na indústria e pontos de venda, além da necessidade de treinar manipuladores de alimentos para reduzir a exposição dos consumidores à riscos.(AU)

Tarragon (Artemisia Dracunculus L. ) Could Alleviate Negative Effects of Stocking Density in Laying Hens

The study was conducted to determine the effects of stocking density (SD, 5 or 7 layers/cage) and tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.) diet supplementation at four levels (0, 1.2, 6 and 12 g/kg feed) on performance, certain egg characteristics, serum, liver, egg yolk and small intestine bacteria parameters in laying hens. The experiment was carried out over a period of 8 weeks, with 192 Lohman Brown commercial hybrids at 50-w-age. The results showed that an increased SD reduced feed intake (FI; p 0.01) and egg production (p 0.05), but had no effect on the weight gain, feed conversion ratio, damaged egg ratio, egg weight and egg quality (p>0.05) parameters. The supplementation of tarragon to the diet reduced the FI and damaged egg ratio (p 0.01), and improved egg production and FCR (p 0.01). While an increased SD reduced serum total antioxidants (p 0.05), it elevated corticosterone (CORT) and total oxidant serum (TOS) (p 0.05). Tarragon was found to enhance total immunoglobulin (p 0.05), but to decreased the CORT and TOS of the serum (p 0.05). An increased SD raised the malondialdehyde (MDA) in the serum (p 0.001), liver (p 0.05) and yolk (p 0.001). Tarragon supplementation reduced MDA of the serum (p 0.05), liver (p 0.001) and yolk (p 0.001). E. coli and total Mesophilic Aerobic Bacteria counts in the small intestine were raised (p 0.001) with increased SD. Tarragon decreased (p 0.05) mesophilic aerobic bacteria. It was thus found that, tarragon supplementation can be considered generally effective in improving performance parameters, alleviating stress-induced negativities, reducing lipid peroxidation, regulating the immune system and controlling some intestinal microorganisms.(AU)